Ratios and Percentages

A basket has two types of fruits, say, 20 apples and 5 oranges then their ratio is
20:5 or 4:1 which means number of apples are 4 times the number of oranges
There are 5 oranges out of 25 fruits. So percentage of oranges is

5
100=20
25

Out of 25 fruits, number of oranges are 5. So out of 100 fruits, number of

oranges

5
100=20
25

Percentage of apples + percentage of oranges 100

Percentage of Oranges=

10020=80

The basket has 20% of apples & 80% of oranges

1:

A picnic is being planned in a school for Class VII. Girls are 60% of the total
number of students and are 18 in number. The picnic site is 55 km from the
school and the transport company is charging at the rate of Rs 12 per km.
The total cost of refreshments will be Rs 4280.

1.

The ratio of the number of girls to the number of boys in the class?

Let t h e total number students be x

t h en 60 of x=18=

60 x
=18= 60 x=1800= x =30
100

Their ratio is 18: 12=3:2

2.

The cost per head if two teachers are also going with the class?

fro distance=55+55=110 rupees

Cost per kmis Rs .12 t h en 110 km cost is Rs .1320

Total expenses=Travelling cost+ Refres h ment cost=1320+4280=5600

Total persons=Students+2 teac h ers=32 teac h ers

Cost per person

3.

5600
=175
32

If their first stop is at a place 22 km from the school, what per cent of the
total distance of 55 km is this? What per cent of the distance is left to be
covered?
If their first stop is at a place 22 km the school. The percentage of distance
travelled

22
200
100=
=40
55
5

Distance to be covered

( 5522 ) =33 km

The percentage of distance to be covered

33
100=320=60
55

In a primary school, the parents were asked about the number of hours
they spend per day in helping their children to do homework. There were

1
1
hour 1 h ours
s. The distribution of parents
2
2

90 parents who helped for

according to the time for which, they said they helped is given in the
adjoining figure ; 20% helped for more than 1 hours per day; 30%
helped for

1
hour 1 hour s
; 50% did not help at all.
2

Using this, answer the following:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

How many parents were surveyed?

How many said that they did not help?
How many said that they helped for more than

1
1 hours ?
2

30 of total parents survyed=90 t h en total surveyed=

Parents did not help =

50

300
=150
100

Parents helped for more than

1.

90100
=300
30

1
300
1 hour =20
=60
2
100

Find the ratio of the following.

(a) Speed of a cycle 15 km per hour to the speed of scooter 30 km per
hour.

15 :30= 1 :2

(b) 5 m to 10 km

5 :10= 1 :2

(c) 50 paise to Rs 5

50 :500= 1 :10

2.

Convert the following ratios to percentages.

(a) 3 : 4

3
100=75
4
(b) 2 : 3

2
2
100=66
3
3

3.

72% of 25 students are good in mathematics. How many are not good in
mathematics?

7225
=18 are good mat h ematics . Remaining 7 students are not good mat h s
100
4.

A football team won 10 matches out of the total number of matches they
played. If their win percentage was 40, then how many matches did they
play in all?

won by 40 of t h e total matc h es played=10 t h en total matc h es played=

5.

10100
=25
40

If Chameli had Rs 600 left after spending 75% of her money, how much did
she have in the beginning?

75 of total money=total moneyMoney

75 of total money=total money600

75total money
=total money600
100
3
totalMoney
Total money total money=600=
=600= Total Money =2400
4
4
6.

If 60% people in a city like cricket, 30% like football and the remaining like
other games, then what per cent of the people like other games? If the
total number of people are 50 lakh, find the exact number who like each
type of game.

Ot h er Games =total Games (Cricket + Football )

Ot h er Games =100 ( 60 +30 )=10

Cricket=
Foot =

60 of 50=30lak h s

30 of 50=15 lak h s

Other Games

10 of 50=5 lak h s

We often come across such information in our daily life as.

(i)

25% off on marked prices means (100% - 25% since it is decrease)

75% of 100 = 75

(ii)

10% hike in the price of petrol (100%+10% since it is increase

10% of hike means 110 % of 100= 11

2:

The price of a scooter was Rs 34,000 last year. It has increased by 20% this
year. What is the price now?
Price of the scooter now = 120% of 34000 =40800
Similarly, a percentage decrease in price would imply finding the actual
decrease followed by its subtraction the from original price.
Suppose in order to increase its sale, the price of scooter was decreased by
5%. Then let us find the price of scooter.
Reduction of 5% on a price of Rs.34000

3:

95 if 34000=

9534000
=32300
100

An item marked at Rs 840 is sold for Rs 714. What is the discount and
discount %?
Discount = Marked price Selling Price =Rs.840-Rs.714=Rs.126

126

Discount % = 840
4:

100=15

The list price of a frock is Rs 220. A discount of 20% is announced on sales.

What is the amount of discount on it and its sale price.
Discount = 20 % Rs.220

Sale prieis 80 of Rs .220=

5.

20220
=Rs . 44
100

80220
=Rs . 176
100

A table marked at Rs 15,000 is available for Rs 14,400. Find the discount

given and the discount per cent.

 Rs.15000Rs .14400=Rs .600

Discount

600

Discount % = 15000

6.

100=4

An almirah is sold at Rs 5,225

after allowing a discount of 5%. Find its

marked price.

Rs .5225

5% discount on market price =

95 of MRP=5225=

7.

95MRP
5225100
=5225= MRP=
=5500
100
95

Your bill in a shop is Rs 577.80 and the shopkeeper gives a discount of

15%. How would you estimate the amount to be paid?
Round the bill nearest to
Find

15

Rs .580

discount of this,

i. e

58085
=493= 495
100
Rs 2,500 , then spent

Sohan bought a second hand refrigerator for

Rs 500

on its repairs and sold it for

Rs 3,300 . Find his loss or gain per

cent.
Cost Price =

2500+500=3000

Sale Price = 3300

Profit =SalePrice-CostPrice= 33003000=300
Profit % =

9.

300
100=10
3000

A shopkeeper purchased

200

bulbs for

Rs 10

each. However 5 bulbs

were fused and had to be thrown away. The remaining were sold at
each. Find the gain or loss %.
Cost price of 200 bulbs =

Rs 200 10=Rs 2000

5 bulbs were fused. Hence, number of bulbs left =

12 each.
bulbs = Rs 195 12=Rs 2340

These were sold at Rs

The SP of

195

profit (as SP > CP).

200 5=195

Rs 12

Profit =
On Rs

Rs 2340 Rs 2000=Rs 340

2000,

Profit % =

10

Rs 340.

the profit is

340
100=17
2000

Meenu bought two fans for

Rs 1200

each. She sold one at a loss of 5%

and the other at a profit of 10%. Find the selling price of each. Also find out
the total profit or loss.
Overall CP of each fan =
Selling price at 5 % loss

Rs 1200 .
120095

=1140
100

Selling price at 10% profit =

1200110
=1320
100

Total cost price = 2400

Total selling price =
Profit =
11.

1140+1320=2460

24602400=60

A shopkeeper bought two TV sets at

Rs 10,000

each. He sold one at a

profit 10% and the other at a loss of 10%. Find whether he made an overall
profit or loss.
Profit =
Loss =

10000110
=11000
100
1000090
=9000
100

Total selling price = 11000+ 9000=20000

12. A man got a 10% increase in his salary. If his new salary is Rs 1,54,000,
find his original salary.

110 of original Salary=154000

110x
1540010
=15400= x=
=140000
100
11
13. On Sunday 845 people went to the Zoo. On Monday only 169 people went.
What is the per cent decrease in the people visiting the Zoo on Monday?

Decrease =

845169=676
676

Decrease % = 845
14.

100=80

A shopkeeper buys 80 articles for Rs 2,400 and sells them for a profit of
16%. Find the selling price of one article.

Cost of 80 articles=Rs .2400

Cost of 1 article=30
Selling price of 1 article for a profit of 16% =

30116 348
=
=34.80
100
10

15. The cost of an article was Rs 15,500. Rs 450 were spent on its repairs. If it
is sold for a profit of 15%, find the selling price of the article.
Cost of an article was

Rs .15500Rs .450 spent on for repairs

Cost price of an article = Rs .15950

15% profit on

Rs .15950

15950115
=18342.50
100

16. A VCR and TV were bought for Rs 8,000 each. The shopkeeper made a loss
of 4% on the VCR and a profit of 8% on the TV. Find the gain or loss
percent on the whole transaction.

800096
=7680
Loss on sale of VCR at 4 % is =
100
Profit on sale of TV at 8% is =

8000108
=8640
100

Total sale price of TV & VCR =

16320 , Cost price of TV & VCR =

Profit =

16000

320 on 16000

Profit % =

320
100=2
16000

17. During a sale, a shop offered a discount of 10%on the marked prices of all
the items. What would a customer have to pay for a pair of jeans marked at
Rs 1450 and two shirts marked at Rs 850 each?
10% discount on
(1450+1700)

pair of jeans & two shirts

(i.e 10 % discount on

 90 of 3150=

903150
=2835
100

18. A milkman sold two of his buffaloes for

Rs 20,000

each. On one he made

a gain of 5% and on the other a loss of 10%. Find his overall gain or loss.
(Hint: Find CP of each)

Sp 1=cp

195
195
= 20000=cp
= cp 1=19000
100
100

Sp 2=cp

2110
2110
= 20000=cp
= cp 2=22000
100
100

Profit = 1000
19. The price of a TV is Rs 13,000. The sales tax charged on it is at the rate of
12%. Find the amount that Vinod will have to pay if he buys it.

SP=

20.

13000112
=14560
100

Arun bought a pair of skates at a sale where the discount given was 20%.
If the amount he pays is Rs 1,600, find the marked price.

sp=

mp80
mp80
= 1600=
= mp=2000
100
100

21. I purchased a hair-dryer for Rs 5,400 including 8% VAT. Find the price
before VAT was added.

sp=

mp108
sp100 5400100 10000
= mp=
=
=
=5000
100
108
108
2

Simple Interest
1.

A sum of Rs 10,000 is borrowed at a rate of interest 15% per annum for 2

years. Find the simple interest on this sum and the amount to be paid at
the end of 2 years.
Interest =

PNR 10000152
=
=3000
100
100

Compound Interest
Normally, the interest paid or charged is never simple. The interest is calculated
on the amount of the previous year. This is known as interest compounded or
Compound Interest (C.I.).

1.

A sum of Rs 20,000 is borrowed by Heena for 2 years at an interest of 8%

compounded annually. Find the Compound Interest (C.I.) and the amount
she has to pay at the end of 2 years.
Compound

8 2
108 2 20000108108
20000(1+
) =20000(
)=
=23328 ,
100
100
10000

r n
p(1+
)
100
Interest

3328
2.

Find CI on Rs 12600 for 2 years at 10% per annum compounded annually.

12600110110
10 2
=15246
12600(1+
) =
Compound amount A =
10000
100
Rate Compounded Annually or Half Yearly (Semi Annually)

Do you see that, if interest is compounded half yearly, we compute the interest
two
times. So time period becomes twice and rate is taken half.
1.

A sum taken for 1 years at 8% per annum is compounded half yearly.

3
8
n= 2=3rate= =4
2
2

2.

A sum taken for 2 years at 4% per annum compounded half yearly.

4
n=2 2=4rate= =2
2

1.

What amount is to be repaid on a loan of Rs 12000 for 1 years at 10%

per annum compounded half yearly.

3
10
p=12000, n= 3=3, r =5
2
2

p 1+

r 2
5 2
21 21 21 3
=12000 1+
=12000 = 21 21 21
100
100
20 20 20 2

13891.50
Find the amount to be paid
1.

At the end of 2 years on Rs 2,400 at 5% per annum compounded annually.

p=24000, n=2r =5
2.

At the end of 1 year on Rs 1,800 at 8% per annum compounded quarterly.

8
p=1800, n=14=4 =2
4
3

Find CI paid when a sum of Rs 10,000 is invested for 1 year and 3

months at 8 % per annum compounded annually
p=10000, n=1 year 3 months=1

4.

3
1
17
=1 years r=
12
4
2

The population of a city was 20,000 in the year 1997. It increased at

the rate of 5% p.a. Find the population at the end of the year 2000.
p=20000 r =5 n=20001997=3 years
20000(1+

5 2
21 21 21
) =20000 =23152.5
100
20 20 20