Wielka Gramatyka Języka Angielskiego.

WIELKA GRAMATYKA
jzyka angielskiego
dla pocztkujcych i zaawansowanych
TEORIA, PRZYKADY, WICZENIA
400 zada
i wicze
ltA
Spis freci
W s t p ..........................................................................................................................................................
1. P rzedim ki ..............................................................
.....................................................................
1.1. Przedim ek o k re lo n y the ......................
1.2. P rzedim ek n ie o kre lo n y a, an ..............
1 .3. Brak p rz e d im k a .........................................................................................

2. R z e c z o w n ik i ......................................................................
19
2 .1 . Liczba m n o g a rze czow nikw ...............................

2 .1 .1 . R zeczow niki p o lic z a ln e .................................
19
2 .1 .2 . Rzeczow niki n ie p o lic z a ln e
23
..............................
2 .1 .3 . Liczbo m n o g a rze czo w n ik w o b c e g o p o ch o d ze n ia .......................................................... 2 7

2 .1 .4 . Liczba m n o g a rze czo w n ik w zoonych ..............................................................................
28
2 .1 .5 . Rzeczow niki p o s ia d a j c e tylko liczb m n o g ...................................................................... 2 9

2 .2 . Rodzaj rze czo w n ika ...................................................................................
2 .2 .1 . T w o rze n ie ro d za ju eskiego ...................................
32
32
2 .3 . W y ra a n ie p rzynalenoci ...................................................................................................................... 3 4
2 .3 .1 . F o rm a dzieraw cza z 's ............................................................................................................... 3 4
2 .3 .2 . K o n s tru kcja z o f ............................................................................................................................. 3 5
3 . C z a s o w n ik i ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 7
3 .1 . C za so w n iki f o r m y ................................................................................................................................... 3 7
3 .2 . C za so w n iki p o s ik o w e to d o , to b e , to have ................................................................................... 3 8
3 .2 .1 . C z a s o w n ik to d o ............................................................................................................................ 3 8
3 .2 .2 . C z a s o w n ik to be ............................................................................................................................ 4 2
3 .2 .3 . C z a s o w n ik to h ave ........................................................................................................................ 4 6
3 .2 .4 . to h a v e o ra z to h ave g o t ............................................................................................................. 4 8
3 .3 . C za s o w n ik i to d o o ra z to m a k e ........................................................................................................... 5 2
3 .4 . C za so w n iki fra zo w e ................................................................................................................................. 54
3 .5 . C za s o w n ik i z fo rm -in g lu b z b e zo ko liczn ikie m
........................................................................... 5 8
3 .5 .1 . C z a s o w n ik i + fo rm a -in g ........................................................................................................... 5 8
3 .5 .2 . C z a s o w n ik i + b e z o k o lic z n ik ...................................................................................................... 5 9
3 .5 .3 . C z a s o w n ik i + fo rm a -in g lu b
+ b e zo ko liczn ik (bez zm iany znaczenia) .................... 6 0
4 . P rz y m io tn ik i ............................................................................................................................................................ 66
4 .1 . P rzym iotnik s to p n io w a n ie p roste i o p isow e ..........................................................
4 .1 .1 . S to p ie wyszy p rzym io tn ika
67
...................................................................................................... 6 7
4 .1 .2 . S to p ie najwyszy p rzym io tn ika ................................................................................................ 69

4 .1 .3 . S to p n io w a n ie n ie re g u la rn e ......................................................................................................... 7 0
4 .1 .4 . S to p ie niszy i najniszy ............................................................................................................. 71
4 .2 . Z d a n ia o k o lic z n ik o w e p o r w n a n ia - than, a s... as, n o t so ... as, th e sa m e ... as .............
4 .3 . K o le jn o p rz y m io tn ik w w z d a n iu
70
.....................................................................................................
5 . P rz y s w k i .............................................................................................................................................................. ^
5 .1 . Przyswek - fo rm a ................................................................................................................................... ^
5 .2 . Przyswek ro la i pozycja w z d a n iu ................................................................................................
5 .3 . S to p n io w a n ie przysw ka .............................................................................................................
5 .4 . K onstrukcje z cza so w n ika m i to lo o k , to fe e l itp ............................................................................... ^
5 .5 . Przyswek so ..............................................................................................................................................
Hln n n r7 n tk u ia c v c h i z a a w a n s o w a n y c h
Z a im k i i o k re ln ik i .................................................................................. ..............................................
6 .1 .Zaimek o s o b o w y ........................................................................... ..................................................
O/
O/
6 .1 .1 . Zaim ek w funkcji podm iotu ........................................................

6 .1 .2 . Zaim ek w funkcji dopenienia .............................................................
.....
6.2. Zaimki i okrelniki d zie ra w cze .............................................. .......................................................
90
6 .3 . Zaimki i okrelniki ilociowe - kwantyfikatory ........................................
6 .3 . 1 . som e & ony' ..................................................................

6 .3 .2 . m ony & m uch ...........................................................................................
..
6 .3 .3 . (a) few & (a) lit t le .......................................................................................
6 .3 .4 . every & e a c h ...........................................................................................
6 .3 .5 . Inne okrelniki ilociowe .........................................................................
6 .4 . Zaimki nieokrelone ....................................................................

6.5. Zaimki p y ta jn e ...........................................................................
6 .6 . Zaimki i okrelniki rozdzielcze ................................................................

6 .6 . 1 . either, n either & b o th ...........................................................................
^^
6 .6 .2 . another, the other(s) & other(s) ....................................................................
^Cjy
6.6.3 . Konstrukcje e ithe r.... o r... / n either... n o r... / bo/h... o n d .......................................
,03
6 .7 . Zaim ki w z a je m n e .......................................................................
, ,r
6 .8 . Zaimki zwrotne i emfatyczne ........................................................
i r
6.9. Zaimki i okrelniki wskazujce ............................................
- -
6 .10 . Zaimki wzgldne .......................................................
,,
7 . P rzyim ki ..............................................................
7 .1 . Przyimki czasu ............................................................
7.1.1. Przyimki on, ot, i n ......................................................
7.1.2. Przyimki for, s /n c e ................, .........................................
llg
7.1.3. Pozostae przyimki czasu:from , to, u n til (till), after, b e fo re , w bile oraz during .... 120
7.1.4. Przyimek b y ............................................
...
7.2. Przyimki miejsca i kierunku ...............................
~,
19
7.2.1. Przyimki on, at, i n ..............................................................................

7.2.2. Przyimek to ..................................................................................
7.2.3. Inne pnryimki miejsca i ruchu: under, over, behind, next to inside \tp. Z Z Z
7 o p
' rUC
/o . Przyimek bv'
PCSt' thrOUgil' iow ards' UP> dow n itp
.....................................
130
133
"8
7.4. Rzeczowniki z przyimkami ....................................

7.5. Czasowniki z przyimkami .............
...........................................................................
7.6. Przymiotniki z przyimkami ... ......................................................................................................

j,
8 . L ic z e b n ik i
145
8 2 t l a t f 9' 6wne " ,0,m y 1 ^ s t o s o w a n i a " ! ! " " ! ........................................................... M 9
!!::::!!!!!
8 .3 .
S A D z , o W mol
156
9- Tryb ro zka zujcy
157
9 1 Tryb rozkozujqcy w
Czasownik
1
....
W d lW
9 4 Kon r zkaz,Ji':ic'' w przeczonioch

Konstrukcja
to
d lo
p o c z q tk u iq c y c h
i z a a w a n s o w a n y ch
. .............................................................................
,5 9
..................................................................................... 159
be + t0 + bezokolicznik
......................................................................... I 6 U
10. Czasy .................................................................................................................................................. 162

1 0 .1 . Czas teraniejszy Present S im p le ................................
162
1 0 .1 .1 . F o rm a tw ierdzca, przeczenia i pytania ........................................................................ 162

1 0 .1 .2 . Z a sto so w a n ie ................................
10.2. Czas teraniejszy Present C o n tin u o u s ......................................................................................... 169
1 0 .2 .1 . F o rm a tw ierdzca, przeczenia i pytania ........................................................................ 169
]71
1 0 .2 .2 . Z a stoso w a n ie ..........................................................
1 0 .2 .3 . C za so w n iki, ktre nie wystpuj w czasie Present C o n tinu o u s ............................... 1 74

1 0 .2 .4 . P o rw na n ie czasw Present S im ple i PresentC o n tinu o u s ........................................ 1 76
10.3. Czas przeszy Post S im ple .............................................................................................................. ] 79
1 0 .3 .1 . F o rm a tw ierdzca, przeczenia i pytania ......................................................................... 179
1 0 .3 .2 . Z a s to s o w a n ie ........................................................................................................................... 182
1 0 .3 .3 . K onstrukcja used to ..............................................................................................................
187
10.4. Czas przeszy Past C o n tin u o u s ..................................................................................................... 189

1 0 .4 .2 . Z a sto so w a n ie .............................................................................................................
191
1 0 .4 .3 . P orw na n ie czasw Past S im ple i Past C o n tin u o u s .................................................... 192

10.5. Czas Present P e rfe c t......................................................................................................................... 195
1 0 .5 .2 . Z a sto so w a n ie (1) - fo r, since, never, ever,recently, la te ly ......................................... 197
1 0 .5 .3 . Z a sto so w a n ie (2) - ju st, alre a dy, yet.. .............................................................................. 2 0 2
1 0 .5 .4 . P orw na n ie czasw Present Perfect i Past S im p le ........................................................ 2 0 5
10.6. Czas Present P erfect C o n tin u o u s .................................................................................................. 2 0 8
1 0 .6 .1 . F orm a tw ierdzca, przeczenia i pytania ......................................................................... 2 0 8
1 0 .6 .2 . Z a stoso w a n ie .......................................................................................................................... 2 1 0
1 0 .6 .3 . P orw nanie czasw Present Perfect i PresentPerfect C on tinu o u s ........................... 211
10.7. Czas zaprzeszy Past Perfect .......................................................................................................... 2 1 4
1 0 .7 .2 . Z astosow anie .............
-............
215
10.7.3f. P orw nanie czasw Past Perfect, Present P erfect i Past S im p le ............................... 2 1 6
10.8. Czas Past Perfect C o n tin u o u s ....................................................................................................... 2 1 9
1 0 .8 .1 . F orm a tw ierdzca, przeczenia i pytania ........................................................................... 2 1 9
1 0 .8 .2 . Z astoso w a n ie .......................................................................................................................... 2 2 0
1 0 .8 .3 . P o rw na n ie czasw Present Perfect C o n tinu o u s, Past Pefect C o n tinu o u s
i Past P e rfe c t............................................................................................................................ 221
10.9. Czas przyszy F uture S im ple .......................................................................................................... 2 2 3
1 0 .9 .2 . Z astosow anie .........................................................
225
1 0 .9 .3 . C zasow nik s h a ll ..................................................................................................................... ^ 2 5

10.10. K onstrukcja g o in g t o ..................................................................................................................... 2 2 7
1 0 .1 0 .1 . F orm a tw ierdzca, przeczenia i pytania ..........................
227
1 0 .1 0 .2 . Zastosow anie .............................................................................................................. ........

1 0 .1 0 .3 . P orw nanie g o in g to i Future S im ple .......................................................................... 231
1 0 .1 0 .4 . W yraanie przyszoci - p orw na n ie , pow trzenie .................................................. 2 3 3
10 11. Czas przyszy Future C ontinuous

...................................................................
10.1 1 .1 . Forma twierdzca, przeczenia . pytania .............................................................
1 0 .U .2 . Z a s to s o w a n ie ..........................
' " V _ " '..................
10.11.3. Porwnanie czasw Future S im ple . Future C o n tin u o u s ............................
.236
236
237
..237
10.12. Czas Future P e rfe c t....................... ............_*......................................................................

10.12.1. Forma twierdzca, przeczenia i pytania .................................................................
240
240
10.12.2. Zastosowanie czasu Future P e rfe c t..........................................................................
240
10.13. Czas Future Perfect C ontinuous ...................
242
10.13.1. Forma twierdzca, przeczenia i pytania ..................................................................... 242

10.13.2. Z a sto so w a n ie ......................................
242
10.14. Czasy - wiczenia podsum owujce ....................................................................................... 244

11. C za s o w n ik i m o d a ln e ........................................................................................................................... 2 ,0
11.1. Can, could, be obie t o .................................................................................................................24 7
11.2. May, m ig h t.......................................................................................................................................2 4 1
1 1 .3 . Must, have to ................................................................................................................................. 2 j4

11.4. M ustn't, needn't .............................................................................................................................. 257
11.5. Should, ought t o ............................................................................................................................ 260
1 1.6 . W ill ..................................................................................................................................................... 262

11.7. Czasowniki m odalne - wiczenia podsum ow ujce ............................................................... 26o
12. Nastpstwo czasw i mowa zalena .......................................................................................264

12.1. Nastpstwo c z a s w ....................................................................................................................... 264
12.2. Zdania twierdzce w mowie zalenej ....................................................................................... 267
2;^
12.3. Pytania w mowie zalenej .........................................................................................................
12.4. Tryb rozkazujcy, sugestie, propozycje w m owie zalenej ....................................................

12.5. Porwnanie aasow nikw say oraz t e ll.....................................................................................2 3
12.6. Nastpstwo czasw i mowa zalena - wiczenia p odsum ow ujce ..............................
13. Strona bierna .............................................................................................................................. 2/6

13.1. Tworzenie strony biernej czasw prostych ............................................................................... 2 o
13.1.1. Strona bierna czasu Present S im p le ............................................................................... 2. S
13.1.2. Strona bierna czasu Past Sim ple ..................................................................................... 230
13.1.3. Strona bierna czasu Future S im p le ................................................................................ 284
13.2. Tworzenie strony biernej czasw cigych ..............................................................................
-2
13.2.1. Strona bierna czasu Present C o n tin u o u s ......................................................................
13.2.2. Strona bierna czasu Past C ontinuous ........................................................................... ^

13.3. Strona bierna going to .................................
..................... 291
13.4. Tworzenie strony biernej czasw p e rfe c t................................................................................. 293

3.5. Strona bierna, zastosowanie czasownikw say, believe, suppose itp .............................. '
13.6. Czasownik get + imiesw ..................................
..................... 29
1 3 7 . Strona bierna - wiczenia podsum owujce ........................................................................... 298
14. Zdania warunkowe ...............
29
14.1. Zdania warunkowe - typ zerowy ...................
300
14.2. Zdania warunkowe - typ pierwszy
302
14.3. Zdonia w a ru n k o w e -ty p d r u g i

14.4. Zdania warunkowe - typ trzeci .........
14.5. Zdania warunkowe m ieszane
Zd0ni0 " 0,JnliO,ve 1 "

6
..............................................................
304
306
..............................................................................
306
sP inikam i: in osej s u p ^ s e , p ro v id e d itp 7 7
dlo pocxqtkujqcych i zaawansowanych
! l ''
^
14.7. K onstrukcja unless .....................
3!2
4
14.8. Z dania z czasownikiem wish .................

14 9. Konstrukcja if o n ly .........................
1 4.1 0 . Z d an ia w arunkow e - wiczenia podsum owujce ................................................................3 1 6
15. Z da n ia p rz y d a w k o w e ...............................
217
15.1. Zaimki w zgldne w zdaniach przydawkowych who (whom ), which, that, w h o s e
317
15.2. Inne spjniki w zdaniach przydawkowych where,why, w h o f.............................................. 321

15.3. Z dania przydaw kow e d e fin iu j c e .....................
322
15.4. Z dania przydaw kow e niedefiniujce .........................................................................
323
16. Inne z d a n ia p o d rz d n e ..........................................................................

16.1. Szyk zdania ..........................................................................................................
326
326
16.2. Z dania o ko liczn iko w e czasu ..................................................................................................... 3 2 9

16.3. Z dania okoliczn iko w e miejsca .................................................................................................. 331
16.4. Z dania okolicznikow e sposobu ................................................................................................ 332
16.5. Z d an ia okolicznikow e celu ........................................................
334
16.6. Z dania o ko liczn iko w e skutku (wynikowe) ............................................................................... 3 3 6

16.7. Zdania okolicznikowe przyzwolenia:though, although, however, despite, in spite o f
338
16.8. Z dania z I'd rather, y o u 'd b e tte r ............................................................................................. 3 4 0

16.9. Z d an ia z It's high tim e ................................................................................................................ 342
16.10. K onstrukcja there is / there a re ............................................................................................. 344
1 6.1 1 . Q u e stio n tags ............................................................................................................................. 346
1 6.12. Echo questions ........................................................................................................................... 3 4 8
1 6 .1 3 . So d o I, N e ith e r d o I ................................................................................................................... 349
16.14. Inwersja czasownika .................................................................................................................. 351
Klucz do w icze .......................................................................................................................................... 354

Lista cza so w n ik w n ie reg u larnych ........................................................................................................ 3 8 5
Indeks ...................................................................................................................................................... 32,3
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p rz y k a d y , w ic z e n ia " to napisany przystpnym jzykiem podrcznik z licznymi wiczeniami, ob|an 0 r /

zagadnienia gramatyczne jzyka angielskiego. Ksika jest adresowana do wszystkich uczcych'?
jzyka angielskiego, pragncych usystematyzowa i pogbi swoj wiedz o wspczesnej gramatyk
tego jzyka. O m w ione zagadnienia s przydatne dla pocztkujcych, rednio zaawansowanych Oro[
zaawansowanych. Nasza publikacja zostaa przygotowana z myl zarwno o tych, ktrzy dopiero
zaczynaj swoj przygod z jzykiem angielskim , jak i tych, ktrzy przygotowuj si do egzaminw
jzykowych: egzaminu dojrzaoci, FCE, CAE lub TELC, a take studentach pierwszego roku ong|jsfy|<i
Nasza publikacja moe posuy jako podrcznik dla osb pocztkujcych - w sposb jasny i przejrzysty
wprowadza do wybranych zagadnie gramatycznych. Towarzyszce omwieniu liczne przykady oraz
wiczenia uatwiaj nauk i umoliwiaj utrwalenie zdobytej wiedzy. Osoby znajce jzyk angielski na
poziomie rednio zaawansowanym oraz zaawansowanym m og wykorzysta ksik do usystematyzowania
wiedzy, powtrek lub jako zbir wicze gramatycznych. Dziki przejrzystej strukturze podrcznik stanowi
rwnie idealn pomoc dla wszystkich osb, ktre zdecyduj si samodzielnie opanowa wybrane
zagadnienia gramatyki angielskiej.
W 16 rozdziaach znajduj si wszystkie zagadnienia niezbdne do pynnej komunikacji w jzyku
angielskim. By uatwi korzystanie z repetytorium i uporzdkowa obszerny materia, rozdziay zostay
podzielone na mniejsze podrozdziay. Teoretyczne omwienie kadego tematu zawsze jest opatrzone
odpowiednio dobranymi przykadami, ilustrujcymi zastosowanie regu gramatycznych w praktyce. Prawie
400 wicze o rnym stopniu trudnoci daje moliwo zweryfikowania zdobytej wiedzy. Na kocu
kadego duego rozdziau znajduje si sekcja powtrzeniowa, ktra podsumowuje i sprawdza wiedz
dotyczc poszczeglnych tematw. wiczenia trudniejsze zostay opatrzone *. Klucz do wicze na
kocu ksiki pozwala na sprawdzenie poprawnoci udzielonych odpowiedzi.
W podrczniku znajduje si rwnie praktyczna lista czasownikw nieregularnych oraz zestawienie
najwaniejszych Phrasal Verbs.
Wszystkich zainteresowanych nauk jzyka angielskiego zachcamy do zapoznania si z ofert
naszych ksiek, Audio Kursw oraz program w multimedialnych. Polecamy seri testw gra m a tyczn o leksykalnych, w ktrej skad wchodz 4 tytuy: dla pocztkujcych, dla rednio zaawansowanych, dla
rednio zaawansowanych i zaawansowanych oraz dla zaawansowanych, jak rwnie se repetytoriw
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Przedimki Articles
ek w jzyku angielskim wystpuje przed rzeczownikiem lub przed okrelajcym ten rzeczownik
p rz y m io tn ik ie m . Jest to nieodmienna cz mowy, ktra nie ma odpowiednika w jzyku polskim. Wyrniamy
dwa rodzaje przedimkw: okrelony the oraz nieokrelony a lub an.
11. Przedimek okrelony the_____________

przedimek okrelony, d e fin ite a rtic le , stosujemy zarwno z rzeczownikami w liczbie pojedynczej, jak
i mnogiej, policzalnymi oraz niepoliczalnymi:
the house (dom),
the houses (domy),
the rain (deszcz),
the money (pienidze).
Przedimka okrelonego uywamy w wymienionych poniej sytuacjach:
przed rzeczownikami odnoszcymi si do wczeniej wspomnianych zjawisk, znanych rozmwcom osb,

konkretnych przedmiotw, na przykad:
There's a man outside the house. - Przed domem jest (jaki) mczyzna.
The man is w earing a black coat. - Ten (konkretny, o ktrym mowa) mczyzna ma na sobie
czarny paszcz.
I must go to the bank. - Musz i do banku, (konkretnego, w ktrym mam konto)

Let me help you w ith the bag. - Pozwl, e pomog ci z t torb, (konkretn, ktr masz w rku)
Can you open the w indow , please? - Czy moesz otworzy okno? (to konkretne, w tym pokoju);
przed rzeczownikami, po ktrych dodatkowo wystpuje przydawka w znaczeniu ograniczajcym,

zawajcym, na przykad:
the girl with a green bag (dziewczyna z zielon torebk),
the house I live in (dom, w ktrym mieszkam),
the car you bought last year (samochd, ktry kupie w zeszym roku);
przed rzeczownikami oznaczajcymi jak grup, gatunek, na przykad.

The tig e r is a dangerous animal. - Tygrys jest niebezpiecznym zwierzciem.
The panda is an endangered species. - Panda jest zagroonym gatunkiem.
przed przymiotnikami w stopniu najwyszym:

the nicest girl (najmilsza dziewczyna),
the most expensive car (najdroszy samochd),
the biggest mistake (najwikszy bd);
przed liczebnikami porzdkowymi oraz przed only, w znaczeniu jedyny", na przykad:
the first man on the moon (pierwszy czowiek na Ksiycu),

the fo u rth person on th e list (czwarta osoba na licie),
the only person I can trust (jedyna osoba, ktrej mog zaufa);
dla poczqtkujqcych i zaawansowanych

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W IE L K A G R A M A T Y K A J ZY K A A N G I E L S K I E G O
przed przym iotnikam i okrelajcym i grup ludzi oraz narodow oci:
the rich (bogacze),

the French (Francuzi),
the Dem ocrats (Demokraci).
the unem ployed (ludzie bezrobotni),

the Polish (Polacy),
U ycie p rzedim ka okrelonego z na zw am i w asnym i.

Przedimka t h e uywamy zawsze przed nazwam i geograficznym i, na przykad:
morza i oceany:
the Baltic Sea (Morze Batyckie),

the M e d iterra n e a n (Morze rdziemne),
the Pacific O cean (Ocean Spokojny),

the A tla n tic O cean (O cean Atlantycki);
rzeki: the Thames (Tamiza), the D anube (Dunaj), the Vistula (Wisa);
acuchy grskie: the H im alayas (H im alaje), the A lps (Alpy);
pustynie: the Sahara (Sahara), the G o b i (Pustynia G obi);
nazwy krajw lub grup wysp wystpujcych w liczbie m nogiej:
the N etherlands (H olandia),

the Bahamas (Wyspy Bahama),
the Canaries (Wyspy Kanaryjskie),

the Seychelles (Seszele);
nazwy geograficzne, w ktrych wystpuje of, przym iotnik lub wyraenia takie jak republika"
czy kr le stw o ", na przykad:
the United States o f Am erica (Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki), the Czech Republic (Republika Czeska)
the United Kingdom (Zjednoczone Krlestwo),
the Tropic o f Cancer (Zwrotnik Raka!
nazwy geograficzne zawierajce north (pnocny), south (poudniowy), east (wschodni), west (zachodni)
na przykad: the N orth Pole (Biegun Pnocny);
nazwy
geograficzne,
ktrych
north,
south,
east,
west
funkcjonuj
jako
rz e c z o w n ik i,
the M id d le East (rodkowy W schd), the west of Poland (zachd Polski), the West (Zachd).
Poza nazwami geograficznym i, przedimka th e uyjemy take w innych sytuacjach.
przed nazwami instytucji, budynkw publicznych, hoteli, kin, teatrw.

.he Hilton (Hotel Hilton),
"> W hite House (Rial, D o n ),
the G lo b e (teat, G lobe),
lh e Smithsonian Institution.
the British Museum.

U w a g a ! Wyjtek stanowi: Covent G arden;
.
przed nazwami dziennikw: the W a rsa w Voice, the Los Angeles Times, the le d e p .n d .n t.
przed nazwiskami, ktre odnoszq s i, do calei rodzin,: the Brow ns (rodzina B ro w n * );
1. P R ZE D IM K I
przed nazwiskami sawnych osb, dla podkrelenia konkretnej osoby:

I saw Brad Pitt w h ile I w as in Paris on ho lid a y. Really? The Brad Pitt? - Podczas wakacji
w Paryu w idziaam Brada Pitta. N apraw d? Tego Brada Pitta? (tego znanego aktora?)
Inne zasady uycia przedim ka the:
przed przedm iotam i, zjawiskami unikalnym i, jednostkowymi, na przykad:

the sun (soce), the moon (ksiyc), the Bible (Biblia), the BBC;
przed nazwami instrum entw muzycznych:

The violin is my fa vo u rite instrument. - Skrzypce to mj ulubiony instrument.
I play the piano. - G ra m na pianinie.
w wyraeniach takich jak:

in the night (w nocy),
in the m orning (rano),
in the week (w cigu tygodnia),
during the week (podczas tygodnia),
on the ra d io (w radio),
on the phone (przez telefon),
in the m iddle (po rodku),
to the theatre (do teatru),
at the beginning (na pocztku),
at the end (na kocu),
in the sky (na niebie),
in the arm y (w wojsku),
in the city centre (w centrum miasta),
a house in the country (dom na wsi),
in the cinema (w kinie),
the same shirt as yesterday (ta sama koszula, co wczoraj),

the sooner the better (im wczeniej, tym lepiej);
szczeglne uycie th e dotyczy rzeczownikw, przed ktrymi przedimek ten z reguy nie wystpuje,
jednak mona go uy w pewnych kontekstach dla podkrelenia.
Na przykad, wedug zasady, nie stosujemy przedimka przed nazwami dni tygodnia, moe on jednak
pojawi si w takim zdaniu:
N ow I remember, it was the Saturday when Jane came to visit. - Teraz pamitam, to bya ta
sobota, kiedy Jane przyjechaa w odwiedziny.
-ii
jria w n n s o w c irtv c h
W IE LK A G R A M A TYKA JZYKA A N G IE L S K IE G O
1.2. Przedimek nieokrelony a, an

Przedimek nieokrelony a , in d e fin ite a rtic le , stosowany jest przed rzeczow nikam i w liczbie pojedynczej
zaczynajcymi si od spgoski (lub sam ogoski w ym aw ianej ja ko sp g o ska ), na przykad:
a desk (biurko),
o dog (pies),
a ticket (bilet),
a hospital (szpital),
a w in d o w (o k n o )'
a b a 9 (torba)'
a flo w e r (kwiat),
a uniform (m undur) / ju:.m.fo:m/.
Przed rzeczownikam i zaczynajcym i si od sa m o g o ski oraz od n ie m e g o h
uyjemy przedimka an,
na przykad:
an egg (jajko),
an apple (ja b ko ),
an airport (lotnisko),
an honour (zaszczyt),
an hour (godzina),
an heir (sp a d ko b ie rca ).
Przedimka nieokrelonego uyjemy w opisanych poniej kontekstach:
przed rzeczownikiem , ktry jest w sp o m n ia ny po raz pierwszy i nie wskazuje na aden konkretny,
okrelony obiekt, na przykad:
This is a b ook. - To jest (jaka) ksika.
I d o n 't have a car. - N ie m am sa m o ch o d u , (ja kie g o ko lw ie k, a dn e g o)

There's a man outside the house. - Przed d o m e m jest (jaki) mczyzna.
przed rzeczownikiem odnoszcym si do reprezentanta pew nej g ru p y zjawisk, zwierzt czy
p rz e d m io t w ,
m .in. przed rzeczownikam i bdcym i nazw za w o du , na przykad:
A w h a le is a m am m al. - W ie lo ryb jest ssakiem.

V o lle y b a ll is a team sport. - Siatkwka jest g r zespoow .
Ju p ite r is a planet. - Jupiter jest planet.
M a rk is a teacher. - M a rk jest nauczycielem .
z rzeczownikam i odnoszcym i si d o iloci, ciaru, czasu, w znaczeniu je d e n ", na przykad:
a kilo o f stra w b errie s ([jeden] k ilo g ra m truskaw ek),

a thousand pounds ([eden] tysic funtw ),
a d o ze n eggs ([eden] tuzin jajek);
przed rzeczownikam i poprzedzonym i p rzym io tn ikie m , na przykad:
M a ry has a b e a u tifu l dress. - M a ry ma p i kn sukienk.

There is an interesting p ro g ra m m e on TV to n ig h t. - Dzi w ieczorem w telewizji jest ciekowy
p ro g ra m .
W h a t a wonderful surprise! - C o za w sp a n ia a n ie spo d zia nka !
Przedimka nieokrelonego nigdy nie uyjem y
z rzeczownikami w liczbie m nogiej:
bags (torby), tickets (bilety), w indow s (okna);

.
z rzeczownikami niepoliczalnym i, czyli takim i, ktre nie m aj liczby mnogiej:
money (pienidze), cheese (ser), inform ation (informacje);
przed nazwami wasnymi:
This is Jane. - To jest Jane.
przed nazwami posikw:
I'm having breakfast. - Jem niadanie.

*lnne uycia przedim ka nieokrelonego:
z okreleniami czstotliwoci, cen, prdkoci, na przykad:
once a w eek (raz w tygodniu),

two pounds a kilo (dwa funty za kilogram ),
50 kilometres an hour (50 kilom etrw na godzin);
przed im ionam i wasnymi, w znaczeniu podobny do", czsto ironicznie, na przykad:
It's time she realised she is not a M adonna. - Najwyszy czas, eby zdaa sobie spraw z
e adna z niej M adonna.
przed im ionam i wasnymi w odniesieniu do dzie sztuki, zazwyczaj obrazw:
Are you sure this is a Picasso? - Jeste pewien, e to obraz Picassa?
przed im ionam i wasnymi, w znaczeniu jaki", na przykad:
There is a M r Smith on the phone to you. - Dzwoni do ciebie jaki pan Smith.
W IC Z E N IA
Dopisz do w yra z w o d pow iedni przedimek a, an lub the:

hour
a ........
1.................
h
c........
m ....... ......country
n ........ ......West
d ........
o ..............
Kennedys
e........
P........
armchair
q ..................... university
Netherlands
r.........
s...............orange
9 .............. ...... heir

h
i
i. ... ...... United Kingdom
i........
k
www.jezykiobce.pl
t .........
Royal Theatre
u ........
Ukraine
d,a P a r k u j c y c h i zaaw ansow anych
WIELKA GRAMATYKA J Z Y K A A N G I E L S K I E G O
U z u p e n ij w y r a e n ia o d p o w ie d n im i p r z e d im k a m i a , a n lu b th e .
o ....................best stu de n t in o u r class
h ..................... d oze n a p p le s
b ....................k ilo o f o ra n g e s
i.......................w es*
c . 5 0 m ile s ..................h o u r
j.
2 e u r o s .................. k ilo
d . o n c e ................w e e k
k.
i n ...................m id d le
e ................... o n ly person I like
I.
i n .................sky
f .....................m a n I love.
m. o n ....................ra d io
g ................... m ost expensive c a r
n ........................ th o u sa n d p o u n d s
P o la n d
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n im i p r z e d im k a m i a , a n lu b th e :
a. There i s ................. pen on the desk. Is it yours?
b. Paul i s ................. best student at o u r school.
c ....................French d o n 't l i k e ..................English.
d. I've b o u g h t ............... b ea u tiful new dress.
e. Let's g o t o ................. cinem a to n ig h t.
f.
W e g o sw im m ing o n c e ................. week.
g. An e a g le i s ................. bird.
h. I alw ays have coffee i n ................. m o rn in g .
i.
M y b ro th e r is i n ................. arm y.
j.
Let's b u y ............... kilo o f apples and m a k e
a p p le pie.
W y b ie r z p r a w id o w o d p o w ie d :
a. W h o i s .................boy M a rk is talking to?
a. the
b. a
b- Jim i s ............... only person here w ho speaks Spanish.

a. the
b. a
c. Look, I h a v e ............... new bag!

a. the
b. a
d. D o you have to w e a r .................u niform a t school?

a. a
b. an
e. He was driving to o fast, a b o u t 1 0 0 k ilo m e tre s
a. the
b. an
P , w a s ...............worst day o f my life.
a. the
b. a
g.
Is th e r e .............. post office near here?

a. the
b. a
h. The peaches are I euro

o a
'
|<j|0
b the
^ster i s ..................
a. the
'
.....
b. a
* * < * " " ................ pensive aid

a. an
b. a
hour.
1.3. Brak przedimka

a d n e g o p rz e d im k a , z e r o a r t ic le , n ie u yje m y w o p is a n y c h p o n i e j k o n te k s ta c h :
przed
nazw am i
w i k s z o c i
m ia s t,
p a s tw ,
k o n ty n e n t w ,
w ysp,
je z io r
o ra z
pojedynczych
gr,
no p rz y k a d :
Rome (Rzym),
N e w Y o rk (N o w y Jo rk),
M o u n t Blanc,
Lake M ic h ig a n (J e z io ro M ic h ig a n );
U w a g a ! W y j te k s ta n o w i : t h e H a g u e (H a g a ), t h e U k r a in e (U kraina), t h e Antarctic (Antarktyka).
przed im io n a m i w a s n y m i, o p r c z w y j tk o w y c h k o n te k s t w , k ie d y c h c e m y co p o d k re li (p o r w n a j:
P rzedim ek o k re lo n y th e ), o ra z przed ty tu a m i:
M r Smith, President Johnson, Prince C harles, C a p ta in Smith, D o c to r B row n,

przed n azw am i u lic , m o s t w , b u d y n k w : O x fo rd Street, Fifth A ve n u e , B uckingham Palace;
U w a g a ! W y j te k s ta n o w i : t h e H ig h S tre e t, th e S tra n d .
przed n azw am i d n i ty g o d n ia , m iesicy, p r ro k u , w it:
on S aturday (w s o b o t ),
in sp rin g (w io sn ),
in Septem ber (we w rze n iu ),
fo r Easter (na W ie lk a n o c );
przed rze czo w n ika m i o z n a c z a j c y m i p o j c ia a b s tra k c y jn e , u c z u c ia , na p rz y k a d :
love (m io), luck (szczcie), fe a r (strach);

A ll you need is love. - Potrzebujesz ty lk o m io c i,
ale:
The love I fe lt fo r him. - M io , k t r g o d a rz y a m , (k o n k re tn e u czucie, d o k o n k re tn e j o so b y).
przed nazw am i dyscyplin sp o rto w ych o ra z d ziedzin n a u k i:
I play tennis. - G ra m w tenisa.

He does judo. - O n u p ra w ia d u d o .
I hate Physics. - N ie znosz fizyki.
przed nazw am i firm : F ia t, IB M , P h ilip s ;
przed nazw am i p o sik w , chyba e s o n e p o p rze d zo n e p rz y m io tn ik ie m , w tedy uyjem y p rze d im ka

n ieokrelonego:
I had b re a k fa s t a t 8 o 'c lo c k .
Z ja d a m n ia d a n ie o sm ej,
ale:
I had a b ig b re a k fa s t this m o rn in g .
Dzi zja d a m due n ia d a n ie .
WIELKA G RAM ATYKA JZYKA A N G IE L S K IE G O
prze d rz e c z o w n ik a m i h o m e (d o m ), b e d ( ko ) o ra z w o r k (p ra c a ), n a p rz y k a d :
I r e tu r n e d h o m e la te .
Pno w r c ie m d o d o m u .
I a m a t w o r k a t th e m o m e n t, I 'l l c a ll y o u b a c k .
Jestem te raz w p ra cy, o d d z w o n i d o c ie b ie
pniej.
I w as so tire d last night, I w e n t s tra ig h t to bed. - W c z o ra j w ie c z o re m b y e m ta k zm czony,

e p o s z e d e m p ro s to d o ka ,
a le :
Please, put the suitcase on th bed.
Prosz p o o y w a lizk n a ku , (m o w a o k o n k re tn y m m eblu)
prze d rz e c z o w n ik a m i ta k im i jak s c h o o l (szko a ), u n iv e r s ity (u n iw e rsyte t), h o s p it a l (s zp ita l), p r is o n

(w izien ie ), c h u rc h (k o c i ), jeli o d n o s im y si d o tych m ie jsc w z n a cze n iu o g ln y m , a n ie m w im y
0 k o n k re tn y m m iejscu i b u d y n k u , na p rz y k a d :
M a rk is in hospital.
M a rk jest w szp ita lu , (nie m w im y o k o n k re tn y m s z p ita lu , jest w szp ita lu ,
p o n ie w a jest chory)
a le :
Jane w ent to th hospital to visit M a rk . - Jane posza d o s z p ita la , eby o d w ie d z i M a rk a ,

(posza d o k o n k re tn e g o szp itala, w ktrym jest M a rk)
1 g o to church every Sunday.
ka d
n ie d zie l c h o d z d o
k o c io a ,
(o g ln ie ,
n ie d o
k o n k re tn e g o )
a le :
The tourists w ent to the church to adm ire its beautiful frescos.
Turyci w eszli d o k o c io a
aby
p o d z iw ia p i kne freski, (do k o n k re tn e g o , kt ry ch c ie li zobaczy);
g d y w y p o w ia d a m y si o g ln ie o jakiej g ru p ie ludzi lu b p rz e d m io t w , na p rz y k a d :
C hildren like sweets.
Dzieci lu b i sodycze, (o g ln ie , wszystkie dzieci)
a le :
Tell thfi children to wash their hands. Powiedz d zie c io m , eby um yy rce. (k o n k re tn y m d zie cio m )
I like to read books.
Lubi czyta ksiki.
a le :
I h f i books you recom m ended w ere re a lly very Interesting.
Ksiki, k t re m i p o le c ie , byy
n a p ra w d b a rd zo ciekaw e.
V egetables are very healthy. - W arzywa s b ardzo zdrow e,

a le :
I 'm g o in g to th e g a r d e n , I n e e d to w a te r th e v e g e ta b le s . w arzyw a.
I d , d o o ro d o , m u s s , podloC
w w yraeniach takich jak:
by car / by plane / by rain / by bus (samorhnrUr / o n TV ( te l.w i.il),

on business (w interesach),
i i* i
i
. ,
o n h o lid a y (na w a k a q a c h ,
noc),
i
a lln n ig hi .t ,(calq
a, s . !
S Q m dote" ' P * * " / a u to b u s e m ).
:
' m o '7 u ' w P odry m o rskie j),
,n c o u rt (w s d z ie ,
... )
a t n,,9 ht / w nocy),
a ll d a y (cay dzie),
1. P R Z E D I M K I
W IC Z E N IA
W y b ie rz p r a w id o w o d p o w ie d :
a. I've never swam in ............... Pacific O c e a n .
a. the
b. -
b. I'm g o ing t o ............... N e th e rla n d s on holiday.

a. -
b. the
c. Have you ever been t o ................. A m sterdam ?

a. -
b. the
d. N o, but I was i n ................. H a g ue once.

a. the
b. -
e. I have an a p p o in tm e n t w ith ............... M rs Brown a t five.

a. a
f.
b. -
T h e re 's ................. M r Smith to see you, d o you know him ?

a. a
b. -
g. Have you heard! M a rk is in ............... hospital! H e's h a d an accid en t!

a .th e
b. -
h. O h no! I've left my n o te b o o k a t ................. university!

a. i.
b. the
Let's see Big Ben and t h e n ............... British M useum .

a. the
b. -
I love c lim b in g , I'd like to g o t o ................. H im alayas o n e day.
j.
a. the
b. -
k. Sally cam e back t o

a. the
I.
hom e really late last n ig h t and her parents w ere angry.
b. -
Do you d o any sports? I lo v e ............... volleyball.

a. -
b. the
Uzupenij zdania podanym i w yraeniam i:

all night
prison
during the night
during the week

by plane
on TV
at the end
in the sky
in the middle
on holiday
the prison
once a week
a. Look at the photo! W h o is that m a n ............................... ?

b. There are n o c lo u d s ................................ it's g o ing to be a beautiful day.
c. The story is rather boring, but a lo t h a p p e n s ..................................
d. I never have any free t im e .................................
e. We have Spanish c la s s e s ................................ every Friday at 6 o 'c lo c k .
f.
If he did it, he'd g o t o .................................
g. His lawyer cam e to visit him in ................................

h. I couldn't s le e p
- I had a terrible toothache.
i. W here do you want to g o .............................. this year?

j
I never travel
I'm a fraid o f flying.
k. Is there anything to watch .............................. tonight?

I.
I heard some n o is e s .............................. . I was really scared.
G R A M A T Y K A JZYKA A N G IE L S K IE G O
W IE L K A
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n im i p rz e d im k a m i a, an lub the:
a.
D id y o u l i k e ......................b o o k I g a v e yo u fo r y o u r b irth d a y ?
b.
W h a t's th e n a m e o f ....................... g irl w e m e t yesterday?
c.
T h ey a re b u ild in g ....................... n e w ro a d next to m y h o u se .
u.
Excuse m e , c o u ld y o u o p e n
e.
U n fo rtu n a te ly , ................ b lo u s e I b o u g h t last w e e k w as d a m a g e d a n d I h a d to re tu rn it.
f.
It w a s ....................... e xtre m e ly m o v in g film , it re a lly m a d e m e cry.
w in d o w , ple ase ?
9 ........................... w h a le is o n e o f th e b ig g e s t m a m m a ls .
h.
M y b ro th e r is ....................... b ro k e r, he w o rks in ..................... b a n k.
i.
You a re ....................... o n ly p erson w h o has sto o d by m e.
j.
W e had
k.
I'v e h e a rd o n ...................... ra d io th e re m ig h t be a th u n d e r storm to n ig h t.
I.
N o w w e liv e in .......................city ce n tre , b u t we used to live in ....................... c o u n try s id e .
b ig b re a k fa s t th is m o rn in g b ecause w e 're g o in g to th e s w im m in g p o o l.
m . I b o u g h t ....................... k ilo o f a p p le s , som e flo u r a n d ....................... d o ze n e g g s a t ........................shop

y o u re c o m m e n d e d - it's re a lly q u ite ch e a p ,
n.
M a ry sp e n d s h o u rs ta lk in g on .......................p h o n e .
C z y nastp uj ce z d a n ia sq p o p ra w n e? Z n a jd i p o p ra w w nich b d y :
a.
The E nglish a re co n s id e re d to be w e ll-m a n n e re d a n d p o lite ......................................
b.
I'v e h e a rd th is song o n a ra d io ..............................................................................................
c.
D o yo u h a v e to w e a r an u n ifo rm a t sch oo l? .....................................................................
d.
W e live d in H a g u e fo r 4 years................................................................................................
e.
W e g o to th e ch u rch every Sunday.
..................................
f.
I'v e h e a rd yo u p la y v o lle y b a ll re a lly w e ll.
..................................
g.
H a ve you e v e r been to the Asia?
..................................
h.
The safe w as o p e n w hen I re tu rn e d the h om e.
| need the m o n e y you b o rro w e d fro m me last m o n th .
W h a t shall w e have fo r a d in n e r?
k.
The b a b y ke p t crying a ll the night.
I.
The d o c to r to ld me to stay in the bed fo r three days,
m. The p o lls show th a t D em ocrats w ill w in the a u tu m n e le ctio n s.

n.
W e 're lo o k in g fo r a ch ea p hotel, the cheapest in to w n .
Rzeczowniki N o u n s
2.1. Liczba mnoga rzeczownikw____________
Tworzenie liczby mnogiej rzeczownikw w jzyku angielskim nie jest trudnym zagadnieniem . Naley
pamita o tym, e istnieje grupa rzeczownikw majcych w liczbie m nogiej form y nieregularne lub
tylko jedn form - liczby pojedynczej lub m nogiej. W rozdziale tym om wim y rzeczowniki regularne
oraz nieregularne, rzeczowniki majce obydwie liczby oraz te, ktre wystpuj tylko w jednej liczbie:
pojedynczej lub mnogiej.
2.1.1. Rzeczowniki policzalne

Rzeczowniki policzalne, co u n ta b le nouns, wystpuj w liczbie pojedynczej oraz m nogiej. W yrniamy
wrd nich zarwno rzeczowniki regularne, jak i nieregularne.
Rzeczowniki regularne
Regularn liczb mnog w jzyku angielskim tworzy si przez dodanie do rzeczownika kocwki -S:
a book (ksika) - books (ksiki),
a table (st) - tables (stoy).
Rzeczowniki koczce si na -tch, -ss, -sh, -ge, -d g e , -x, -o maj w liczbie m nogiej kocwk -es,
oto przykady:
a watch (zagarek) - watches (zegarki),
a kiss (pocaunek) - kisses (pocaunki),
a veto (weto) - vetoes (weta),
an em bargo (embargo) - em bargoes (embarga).
Wyjtkami od tej reguy s rzeczowniki obcego pochodzenia koczce si na -O, ktre maj w liczbie mnogiej
kocwk -s. O to niektre z tych wyjtkw:
a UFO (U F O )-U F O s,
a kilo (kilogram) - kilos (kilogramy).
Rzeczowniki koczce si na -y w liczbie mnogiej zmieniaj form w dwojaki sposb, zalenie od tego,
jaka goska znajduje si przed kocwk -y. Jeli przed -y wystpuje spgoska, rzeczownik w liczbie
mnogiej ma kocwk -es, oto przykady:
a colony (kolonia) - colonies (kolonie),

Jeli przed -y wystpuje sam ogoska, rzeczownik
oto przykady:
a tray (taca) - trays (tace),
a b a b y (dziecko) - babies (dzieci).

w liczbie mnogiej ma regularn kocwk -s,
a key (klucz) - keys (klucze).
Warto jednak zwrci uwag, e take od tych regu istniej pewne wyjtki. Nale do nich niektre nazwy
wasne oraz grupa rzeczownikw zoonych, na przykad:
the two Germanys (dwie republiki niemieckie),
www.iezykiobce.pl
a layby (zatoczka przy jezdni) - laybys (zatoczki).
d la p o cztku j cych i zaow onsow anych
19
WIELKA G R A M A T Y K A JZYKA A N G I E L S K I E G O
G rupa rzeczownikw koczcych si na - f lub -fe zmienia w liczbie m nogie
kocw k no -ves
na przykad:
a knife (n) - knives (noe),
a shelf (pka) - shelves o'k ,,
a leaf (li) - leaves (licie),
a thief (zodziej) - thieves (zodzieje
Naley pam ita iednak, e ta regua
nie ma zastosowania
a belief wierzenie, pogld) - beliefs(pogldy),

a d iff (klif) - cliffs (klify),
w przypadku rzeczown <w.
a chief (wdz) - chiefs wodzowie)

a roof (dach) - roofs (dachy).
Rzeczownik scarf sza < ma dwie poprawne form y: scarfs oraz scarves.
Rzeczowniki nieregularne
W jzyku angielskim wiele rzeczownikw w liczbie mnogiej posiada formy nieregularne. Wrd nich mono
wyrni:
rzeczown ki, w ktrych zccro d zi zm ona sam ogoski:
a fo o t stopa) - feet -stopy),
a tooth (zb - teeth (zby),
a mouse (mysz) - mice (myszy),
a louse (wesz) - lice wszy),
o m a n mczyzna - men (mczyni,
a w om an kobieca - w om en kobiety
a goose g - geese (gsi).
rzeczowniid m ajce w iczbie m nogiej kocwk -e n :
a child (dziecko) - children (dzieci),
an o x w) - oxen woy),
a b rother brat, w znaczeniu: mnich - brethren (bracia,
znaczeniu: ~ ~ is : ;
rzeczowniki aos a c c ce "a<c sam fm* w czb:e pojedyncze: oraz mnogie?
Naley pam ita
ze v. przypadku tych rzeczown kw, o ich iczbie decyduje kontekst, w ialci wystpuj
zalenie cc
"ego towarzyszcy im czaswr k pojawia si w ;orm ie liczby pojedynczej tub m nogiej, no przykcd
The salmon is a very healthy fish. - oso iest bardzo zdrow ryb. (liczbo p o edynczo
Salmon ar m ainly farm ed all over Europe and th ro ug ho u t the U nited States - ososie sq
hodowane gwn e w Europie i Stanach Zjednoczonych, (liczba m n cca )
D o rzeczownikw majcych *akq sam form w obydwu liczbach nale:
nazwy niektrych zwierzt, gwnie ryb: ca rp (karp), cod (dorsz), d e e r (jele), grouse 'guszec ,
moose (o), salmon (oso), sheep (owco), trout (pstrg);
rzeczown,k, koczce si ze swojej natury w liczbie pojedynczej na -s

(szubemco), senes (serio), species (gatunek);
b arracks (koszary), gallow s
* * * * * ie v e ,d hu" d,ed COrl (kilhoset somochodOw) ten Ihousood
"o przyktod hundreds o l people (selk, M n ) . m K io n , o l a r s (m ilion, gwosdl
2. R Z E C Z O W N IK I
niektre rzeczowniki okrelajce narodowo, koczce si na -s lub -e se :
one Swiss (jeden Szwajcar)
tw o Swiss (dwch Szwajcarw),
one Japanese (jeden Japoczyk) - three Japanese (trzech Japoczykw);
rzec zowniki zbiorowe, c o lle c tiv e n o u n s . M og one wystpowa z czasownikiem w liczbie pojedynczej
lub mnogiej, w zalenoci od tego czy odnosimy si do caej grupy jako jednej zbiorowoci czy do
zbioru indywidualnych jednostek. O to przykadowe rzeczowniki zbiorowe: audience (widownia), group
(grupa), gang (gang), fam ily (rodzina), committee (komitet), governm ent (rzd), staff (personel),
team (druyna), class (klasa), crew (zaoga), public (publiczno).

M y fam ily is very small. - M oja rodzina jest bardzo m aa. (rodzina postrzegana jako caa grupa)
M y family enjoy playing cards.
M oja rodzina lubi gra w karty, (wszyscy czonkowie mojej rodziny)
W IC Z E N IA
Podaj form y liczby mnogiej rzeczow nikw :
a. key
....................................
h.desk
............... ............
b. hero
....................................
i.brush
............................
c. watch
...................................
j.story
............................
d. wife
...................................
k.tom ato
............................
e. safe
....................................
I.photo
............................
..................................
m.kiss
............................
f.
radio
g. half
.............................
Podaj form y liczby mnogiej rzeczow nikw :

a. ox
h.child
....................
b. tooth
...................................
i.woman................................ .
c. man
...................................
j.goose......... .............................
d. sheep
...................................
k.salmon...... .............................
e. mouse
..................................
I.foot..........................................
f.
..................................
m.deer......... .............................
species
g. series
............................
Uzupenij zdania odpow iedni form rzeczownika w liczbie mnogiej:

o. We need three b i g ........................to pack all those books, (box)
b Two n e w ........................ of birds have been discovered in this region, (species)
c. T w o ...................... rejected his request, (judge)
d G anbaldi is one of Italy's n a tio n a l.......................... (hero)
e I II hove tw o ........................ fo r my birthday - one for my family and one for friends, (party)
f, I lived with t w o ........................ when I studied in Tokyo. (Japanese)
g Bill has lost t w o ....................... in a fight, (tooth)
h. There were f o u r ....................... grazing in the meadow, (sheep)
i.
T h e ....................
were caught red-handed with the money, (thief)
j. There are seven........................ in a week, (day)

;*w*\obc t
d lo po ciq* uiqcych
za a non sow an ych
21
W I E L K A G R A M A T Y K A J Z Y K A A N G I E L S K I E G O
Zam ie zd a n ia na liczb m nog:

a. This director g ot an award fo r his m usic video.
......................................................
b. England had a colony in A frica.

c. W e bought a turkey fo r o u r Christmas dinner.
Rzea
d. We need a shelf fo r o u r books.
cech>
e. This tooth has to be pulled out.
......................................................
f. A sheep provides w ool.
......................................................
"
g. In o u r group there is one Swiss and one Japanese...........................................................

n
h. There is a w olf and a deer in the zoo....................................................................................

i.
Please buy a lo a f o f bread. (2)................................................................................................
i.
A child is afraid o f a mouse.............................................. ......................................................

Sq to
okres
W y b ie rz p ra w id to w q o d p o w ie d z :
( ) l
f
or m
abstn
a. M ic e .................my favourite anim als.
a are
b. is
b. M any species of b ir d s ................ to warm countries in winter.

a. go
(pore
b. goes
c .................. of
people came to the concert.
a. Hundred
Nalei
b. Hundreds
kq re
d. We need t w o .............. eggs to make all those w edding cakes.

a. dozen
na pr
b. dozens
e ....................always com plain about men.

a. W om an
b. Women
Wr6
f. All o u r s ta ff...............very efficient and enthusiastic.

a. is
b. are
n
g. The two trout we caught ye sterd a y.................delicious.

a. were
fi
b. was
h. He earned th r e e
a. m illions
\A
dollars when he sold his company.

b. m illion
rz
U zupenij zdania podanym i rzeczow nikam i w liczbie m nogiej:

Pi
goose
sheep
salmon
moose
carp
ox
w o lf
mouse
^
cl
o ..............................are large deer-like anim als which mainly live in Scandinavia.

b. The shepherds were grazing th e ir ..........................in the beautiful green fields.
rz
c .............................. were often used to pull loads and work on farms.
P1
d. At night you could only hear the howling o f ........................... in the forest.
n<
e. My grandm other m ainly kept birds on her farm , including turkeys and ............................
f.
It's a tradition to eat fish for Christmas in Poland, mainly herrings and ............................
O'
g. I d o n 't like fish very much, except f o r ......................

h. Scientists often u s e ............................n their laboratory.
"
W
Er
R Z E C Z O W N IK I
2.1.2. Rzeczowniki niepoliczalne

R z e c z o w n ik i
niepoliczalne, u n c o u n ta b le no u n s, wystpuj tylko w liczbie pojedynczej. M a j one pewne
cechy charakterystyczne:
cz si zawsze z czasownikiem w liczb ie pojedynczej,
nie wystpuj nigdy z kocwkam i liczby m nogiej,
nie pojawiaj si nigdy z przedimkiem a lub a n , ani z takim i kwantyfikatorami jak m a n y czy (a) few.
S to rzeczowniki okrelajce przedmioty lub pojcia, ktrych nie mona fizycznie policzy. M ona jedynie
okreli, czy jest ich duo, m ao, troch, za pom oc okrelnikw ilociowych takich jak na przykad:
(a) little, much, some, plenty o f itd. M ona policzy take pojem niki, w ktrych si znajduj: a bottle
of milk (butelka mleka), a bow l o f rice (miska ryu), a carton of m ilk (karton mleka). Do rzeczownikw
abstrakcyjnych stosowane jest wyraenie a piece of lub an item of, na przykad: a piece of advice
(porada), a piece of music (utwr muzyczny), an item of news (inform acja).
Naley zauway, e cz z tych rzeczownikw ma mylc kocwk -S, ktra moe wydawa si kocw
k regularnej liczby mnogiej, ale ni nie jest. Wszystkie te rzeczowniki wystpuj tylko w liczbie pojedynczej,
na przykad:
Diabetes is a serious disease. - Cukrzyca jest powan chorob.

Statistics is not my favourite subject. - Statystyka nie jest m oim ulubionym przedm iotem .
Wrd rzeczownikw niepoliczalnych mona wyrni pewne grupy:
niektre rzeczowniki okrelajce konkretne przedmioty lub zjawiska:
furniture (meble), luggage (baga), m oney (pienidze), equipm ent (sprzt);

Warto zwrci uwag na fakt, e wszystkie te rzeczowniki maj w jzyku polskim obydwie liczby.
M oney is not the most im portant thing in life, (liczba pojedyncza) - Pienidze nie sq najwaniejsz
rzecz w yciu, (liczba mnoga);
pyny, substancje, materiay:
gold (zoto), w o o d (drewno), sugar (cukier), flour (mka), w a te r (woda), silk (jedwab), a ir (powietrze),
cheese (ser), coffee (kawa), glass (szko);
rzeczowniki okrelajce pojcia abstrakcyjne:
patience (cierpliwo), musie (muzyka), happiness (szczcie), advice (porada), friendship (przyja),
news (wiadomoci), time (czas);
The news on TV is alw ays boring, (liczba pojedyncza) - W iadom oci w telewizji s zawsze nudne.
(liczba mnoga);
jzyki, na przykad:
English (jzyk angielski), French (jzyk francuski), Italian (jzyk woski), itd.
|ezyV.tobce pl
d la p o c iq tk u jq c y c h i zoow ansow onych
W IE L K A G R A M A T Y K A JZYKA A N G I E L S K I E G O
dyscypliny naukowe, przedm ioty szkolne, w tym te koczce si na -ics.
Biology (biologia), History (historia), Statistics (statystyka), Economics (ekonom ia).
inne wyrazy koczce si na -ics: aerobics (aerobik), athletics (atletyka), classics (klasyka);
nazwy sportw i gier:
fo o tb a ll (pika nona), basketball (koszykwka), b rid g e (bryd), b illia rd s (bilard), bowls (krgle!,
darts (gra w rzutki), draughts [UK] (warcaby), checkers [US] (warcaby);
rzeczowniki odczasownikowe:
jogging (bieganie), singing (piewanie), tra in in g (trenowanie);
niektre nazwy chorb:
mumps (winka), measles (odra), rabies (wcieklizna), shingles (ppasiec), diabetes (cukrzyca),
fiu (grypa);
nazwy zjawisk meteorologicznych:
w eather (pogoda), fo g (mga), rain (deszcz);
nazwy wasne:
Islam (islam), Christmas (Boe Narodzenie), A lgiers (Algier), Athens (Ateny), Brussels (Bruksela),
Flanders (Flandria), M arseilles (Marsylia);
rzeczowniki od przymiotnikowe oznaczajce pewne pojcia abstrakcyjne:
the unknown
(co
nieznane),
the best
(co
najlepsze),
the impossible
(co
n ie m o liw e ),
the supernatural (co nadprzyrodzone), the w orst (co najgorsze);
nozwy instytucji, tytuy (nawet jeli wystpuj w liczbie mnogiej):
The United Nations is w orking on a new resolution on famine in A frica. - ONZ
p r a c u je
nad
now rezolucj dotyczc godu w Afryce.
"The M e rry W ives o f W in d so r" is one of Shakespeare's best works. - Wesoe kumoszki
z W indsoru" to jeden z lepszych utworw Szekspira.
okrelenia czasu, odlegoci, kwoty pienidzy:
Two hours is enough fo r this exam. - Dwie godziny wystarcz na napisanie tego egzaminu.
Five dollars i$ not a huge sum of money. - Pi dolarw to nie jest dua kwota pienidzy.
Two miles too fa r to w alk. - Dwie mile to zbyt daleko, eby i piechot.
Trzeba pamita, e niektre z wymienionych wyej rzeczownikw niepoliczalnych wystpuj w fomll
policzalnej (z kocwk liczby mnogiej oraz czasownikiem w liczbie mnogiej), jednak wtedy zmienia ^,c<
ich znaczenie:
Two coffees, please. - Poprosz dwie kawy.

H ow many sugars do you want in your tea? - Ile kostek cukru chcesz do herbaty?
2.
W IC Z E N IA
Q
Uzupenij tabel. Zdecyduj, ktre rzeczow niki s policzalne, a ktre nie:

patience
politics
child
fo o t
billiards
series
rice
sheep
louse
rabies
dozen
species
w eather
barracks
w ood
kilo
governm ent
milk
cheese
the best
sgle),
Rzeczowniki policzalne
Rzeczowniki niepoliczalne
rzyca),
uksela),
Uzupenij zdania podanymi rzeczownikami:

moliwe)/
measles
darts
equipment
friendship
money
the best
flour
advice
Linguistics
furniture
a. Billy h a d .........................last week, so he was absent from school.

cuje nod
kumoszki
b. To make this cake you need s u g a r,........................, eggs and some milk.
c. I can lend you s o m e ........................ but I don't have much.
d. Love a n d .........................are the most important things in life.
e. I stu dy.........................at university.
f. I've never p la ye d ......................... before.
g. Be p a tie n t,.........................is yet to come.
h. We've bought n e w .........................for Tommy's room.
TU
i. D iv in g ........................ can be quite expensive.
y*
j. I have a problem, I need s o m e .........................
f o r r n ie
Lmienia si
iezykiobce.pl
cnG^ 1
dla poczqlkujqcych I zaawansowanych
25
W IELKA GRAMATYKA JZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO
W y b ie rz p ra w id o w q o d p o w ie d :
a. 1 take two
a. sugars
b. su ga r
b. Politics
a. are
b. is
c. Billiards
a. is
b. are
d. The w ine g la s s e s ......................... to be cleaned, can you

a. need
b. needs
e. Fifty e u r o s ......................... a lot fo r a dress like that.

a. are
f.
b. is
A ll o f the b a r ra c k s ......................... in a very bad state.

a. is
b. are
g. 1 need ... ..................... to make notes.

a. p a p e r
b. a paper
h .................... ........ Statistics o b lig a to ry in this departm ent?

a. Are
i.
M oney .. ...................... everything.

a. isn't
b. Is
b. a re n 't
The United S ta te s ........................ a pow erful country.

a. is
b. are
P oqcz w y ra e n ia w pary:
1 . a bottle o f
a. rice
2 . a bar o f
3 . a carton o f
b. cheese
4. a loaf of
d. chocolate
5. a can o f
e. butter
6 . a pinch of
f. milk
7. a jar of
g, bread
8 . a slab of
h. salt
9. a slice of
. beer
1 0 . a grain of
j. am
c. water
2.
Pocz w yrae n ia w pary:

1 . a piece of
a. friends
2 . an item of
b. paper
3. a game of
c. music
4. a bar of
d. cattle
5. a group of
e. news
6 . a circle of
f.
7. a bit of
8 . a herd of
g* chess
h. people
9. a scrap of
i.
1 0 . a branch of
advice
knowledge
i- soap
2.1.3. Liczba mnoga rzeczownikw obcego

pochodzenia
Rzeczowniki obcego pochodzenia w liczbie mnogiej, czsto zachowuj form , jaka wystpuje w jzyku,
z ktrego pochodz. Trzeba jednak pamita, e jzyk, zwaszcza mwiony, coraz czciej ulega
uproszczeniom i nierzadkie s formy regularne niektrych z tych rzeczownikw, z kocwk -(e )s .
Sowa pochodzenia greckiego lub aciskiego:
stimulus (bodziec) - stimuli,

corpus (zbir dzie) - corpora,
bacterium (bakteria) - bacteria,
analysis (analiza) - analyses,
thesis (teza) - theses,
hypothesis (hipoteza) - hipotheses,
criterion (kryterium) - criteria,
curriculum (program zaj) - curricula,
appendix (suplement) - appendices,
nucleus (jdro) - nuclei,

aquarium (akwarium) - aquaria,
codex (rkopis) - codices,
crisis (kryzys) - crises,
diagnosis (diagnoza) - diagnoses,
basis (baza, podstawa) - bases,
phenomenon (fenomen) - phenomena,
larva (larwa) - larvae,
index (wskanik matematyczny) - indices;
pochodzenia francuskiego, rnica jest w wymowie:
corps (korpus) - w liczbie pojedynczej /ko:/, w liczbie mnogiej /ko:z/,

prcis (streszczenie, zarys) - w liczbie pojedynczej / preisi:/, w mnogiej - /*preisi:z/,
faux-pas w liczbie pojedynczej /fo u pa:/, w mnogiej: /fe u pa:z/,
bureau (biuro) / bjuarau/ - w liczbie mnogiej bureaux / bjuarau/ lub bureaus / bjuarauz/;
pochodzenia hebrajskiego:
kibbutz (kibuc) - kibbutzim.
www-iezykiobce pi
dla poczqtkuiqcych zoaw ansow anych
27
W a rto jednak zauway, e cz tych rzeczownikw posiada, poza wyej w ym ienionym i, take formy
regularne , z typow dla jzyka angielskiego kocw k -es. Jednak zalenie od form y liczby mnogiej,
m oe zm ieni si rwnie ich znaczenie, na przykad:
in d e x - indexes (spis alfabetyczny w ksice),

in d e x - indices lub indexes (wskanik matematyczny),
a p p e n d ix - append ixe s (wyrostek robaczkowy),
a p p e n d ix - appendices lub appendixes (suplement).
2.1.4. Liczba mnoga rzeczownikw zoonych

W przypadku rzeczownikw zoonych, form liczby m nogiej tworzy si na trzy rne sposoby.
najczciej form liczby mnogiej przyjmuje ostatni czon zoenia, na przykad:
a b reakdow n (zaamanie, awaria) - breakdow ns,
a pocket knife (scyzoryk) - pocket knives,
a grown-up (dorosy czowiek) - grown-ups,
a postm an (listonosz) - postm en,
a take-off (start samolotu) - take-offs,
an a p p le tre e (jabo) - a p p le trees,
form liczby mnogiej przyjmuje pierw szy czon zoenia, na przykad:
a passer-by (przechodzie) - passers-by,

a man-of-war (okrt wojenny) - men-of-war,
a sister-in-law (szwagierka) - sisters-in-law;
forma liczby mnogiej wystpuje w o b yd w u czonach zoenia, na przykad:
a woman doctor (kobieta lekarz) - w om en doctors,

a manservant (sucy) - menservants.
w ic z e n ia
Podaj formy liczby mnogiej rzeczownikw:

a. diagnosis
...........................
g. analysis
b. stimulus
...........................
h. crisis
c. corpus
...........................
i.
thesis
d. aquarium
...........................
j.
phenom enon
e. bacterium
............................
f. curriculum ...........................
k. basis
I. criterion
Podaj formy liczby mnogiej rzeczownikw:

a. a grown-up
......................
b. a woman doctor ..........................

c. a mother-in-law
..........................
d. a postman
..........................
e. a passer-by
f. a brother-in-law
..........................
..........
g. a breakdow n
h. a take-off
i.
a fo rge t-m e -n o t
i- a pocket-knife
k. an apple tree
I. a m anservant
2. R Z E C Z O W N IK I
Uzupenij zdania odp ow ie dn i form q rzeczow nika w liczbie mnogiej:

0 After thorough .
b There are beautiful

t
. we decided to close dow n the factory (analysis)
........ ............... in our orchard, (apple tree'
After the accident, all the
d Some m eteorological
were questioned by the police (passer by)

____
are difficult to explain (phenomenon)
The teachers are w orking on n e w
f.
This film is only tor ................................. (grown up)
These exams are based on various
I had three
i.
This kitchen is full o f ................................. (bacterium)
..
.................
1 The suspect had two
last
__ ________
(curriculum)
.............
month,
(criterion)
so Idecided to sell the car (breakdown)
and a gun when the police arrested him (pocket knife)
2.1.5. Rzeczowniki posiadajqce tylko liczb

mnogq
\ \ jzyku angielskim istnieie do obszerna grupa rzeczownikw
ktre wystpuj tylko w liczbie mnogie
Towarzyszcy im czasownik jest zawsze w liczbie m nogiej. O to niektre z tych rzeczownikw:
.pory' identycznych rzeczy, wystpujce z okreslnikiem a p a ir o f...:

binoculars (lornetka)
knickers (majtki),
braces (szelki), glasses (okulary)
leggings
(legginsy)
overalls
handcuffs (kojdonki)
(spodnie ogrodniczki),
pants
jeans (dzmsy)
(spodnie
lub
majtki) pincers (szczypce), pyjamas (piama) scales (waga), scissors (noyczki), shorts (szorty)
tights (rajstopy) trousers (spodnie);
niektre rzeczowniki koczce si no -S:
arms (bro), brains (inteligencjo), clothes (ubranie), congratulations (gratulacje), customs (do)
earnings (zarobki, dochody) goods (towary) looks (wygld), manners (manieiy), means (sposb
metoda) odds (szanse, prawdopodobiestwo) outskirts (przedmiecia) overheads (koszty stole),
premises (teien, posesja) refreshments (przekski, napoje bufet), remains (pozostaoci szcztki),
stairs (schody), thanks (podzikowania);
rzeczowniki,
ktrych
znaczenie
tzw u n m a rk e d p lu r a l:
wskazuje
na
grup
ludzi,
zwierzt.
przedmiotw,
cattle (bydo), clergy (duchowiestwo), gentry (szlachta), people (ludzie) verm in (szkodniki' police
(policjo);
The police ar looking fo r a dangerous crim inal w ho escaped from prison last night.
Pok a
szuka niebezpiecznego przestpcy, ktry uciek wczoraj z wizienia.
niektre nazwy wasne, na przykad:

the Netherlands (Holandia), the Hebrides (Hebrydy), the Highlands (goizysty region w Szkocji)
the M idlands (region w Anglii), the W est Indies (grupa wysp na Morzu Karaibskim),
d lo
:< )tk u iq c v th
la o w u o s c w a n w
W I E L K A G R A M A T Y K A JZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO
rzeczowniki odprzym iotnikow e okrelajce grupy ludzi:
the young (m odzi, m odzi ludzie), the p o o r (biedni, biedni ludzie), the French (Francuzi),
The French are considered to be rude and a rro g a n t.
Francuzi uwaani s za niegrzecznych
i aroganckich.
W IC Z E N IA
U zupenij zd a n ia podanym i rzeczow nikam i:
outskirts
scales
brains
rem ains
thanks
premises
scissors
customs
handcuffs
glasses
a. W e d o n 't live in the centre, we live in t h e ...................................

b. M a n y ..................................to a ll o f yo u fo r yo u r help.
c. N o t o n ly is she pretty, b ut she's a ls o g o t t h e ...................................
d. The a rch e o lo g ists have discovered t h e ................................ o f a n a n c ie n t v illa g e .
e. I c a n 't see a nyth in g w ith o u t m y ...................................
f.
The p o lic e to o k t h e ..................................o ff a n d let h im g o .
g. Please p ut the a p p le s on t h e ...................................

h. You m ust pay t h e ................................. o n the b o rd e r.
i.
G iv e me t h e ................................. a n d I'll cu t the ro p e .
j.
You are not a llo w e d to sm oke o n sch o o l ................................
Czy ponisze zdania s popraw ne? Z n a jd i p o p ra w w nich b d y :

a. The cattle is kept for milk and meat.
b.
If you're looking for your glasses, they are on the desk.
c.
d.
The police in our town has become more and more successful
This clothes is too tight.
e.
Before Easter, we usually buy two
f.
dozens eggs.
Droughts are fo r kids, chess is a more serious game.
g. The US are using advanced weapons to fighl terrorists in Afghanistan.

h. Are $500 enough or would you like me to lend you more?
i. An iron is used to make steel.
j. Flu seems to be a harmless disease, but it can be deadly at times
k. This staHstics shows that the British spend less on entertainm ent than th e , used to.
I. I heir thanks was truly honest and moving.
2. RZECZOWNIKI
Przetumacz zd a n ia na jzyk angielski:

a. Polityka jest p e n a sko ru m p o w a n ych i nieuczciwych ludzi.
b. Na kocu ksiki s dw a spisy a lfabetyczne, jeden p o p olsku, d ru g i po a ng ie lsku .
c. U p ra w ia n ie sportu to najlepszy sp os b na pozostanie w d o b re j fo rm ie .

d. Bezradni p rze cho d n ie m o g li tylko patrze na ra n n e g o mczyzn.
e. M o d zi m a j o b e cn ie w icej m oliw oci ni ich rodzice.
f.
D a mi dw ie rady: po pierwsze - o d p o c z , po d ru gie - b ra w itam iny.
g. Przedmiecia naszego m iasta s ciche i pene zielonych p arkw .
h. Setki ludzi przyszo na pogrzeb zn an e g o pisarza.
i.
Ten utw r muzyczny zosta napisany w XIX wieku,
j.
winka nie jest niebezpieczn ch o ro b .
k. Ta choroba jest p o w o d o w a n a przez bakterie obecne w w odzie.
I. Te zdjcia pokazuj b o h a te r w w ojennych z lat 40-tych.
2.2. Rodzaj rzeczownika

Rzeczowniki w jzyku angielskim nie p o sia d a j rodzaju g ra m a tyczn e g o , g e n d e r, jest o n raczej intuicyjny
i nie okrela si g o za p o m o c kocw ek czy ro d zajnikw , jak na przykad w jzykach romaskich.
Rodzaju m skiego, m a s c u lin e , s rzeczowniki odnoszce si d o istot ywych p ci m skiej, ktre okrelamy
zaim kiem osobowym h e (on). Rodzaju eskiego, fe m in in e , s rzeczow niki o dn o sz ce si do istot
ywych pci eskiej, a okrelam y je za p o m o c zaim ka she (ona). W szystkie inne rzeczow niki, okrelajce
przedm ioty, zjawiska, pojcia abstrakcyjne, a take zwierzta, s ro d za ju n ija k ie g o , n e u te r, i odnosi si
d o nich zaimek osobow y it (ono). Z aim ek th e y o d p o w ia d a za r w n o p olskie m u o n i , ja k i o n e ".
Mum is in the kitchen. - M am a jest w kuchni.

She is in the kitchen. - O n a jest w kuchni.
The policeman arrested the thief. - P olicjant aresztow a zodzieja.
He arrested the thief. - O n aresztowa zodzieja.
There is a big dog by the gate. It looks dangerous. - Przy b ra m ie stoi duy pies. O n wyglda
niebezpiecznie.
2.2.1. Tworzenie rodzaju eskiego

Z niektrych rzeczownikw rodzaju mskiego mona, za pomocq kocwki -0SS, utworzy rzeczowniki
rodzaju eskiego. Zanika wtedy samogoska z ostatniej sylaby rzeczownika
O to przykady:
rodzaju
mskiego.
a ctor (aktor) - actress (aktorka),
prince (ksi) - princess (ksiniczka),
w a ite r (kelner) - w aitress (kelnerka),

e m peror (cesarz) - empress (cesarzowa),
h e ir (spadkobierca) - heiress (spadkobierczyni),
U w a g a ! Wyjtek stanowi: h e ro (bohater) - h e r o in e (bohaterka).

Do niektrych p e w n ik w , oby podkreilii rodoi iedski, mono doda sowo ednoznocznie onacrojgce
istot rodz|u eskiego lub zaimek s h e (ona), na przykadlan d lo rd (gospodo*. wloSciciel) - lo n d lo d y (gospodyni, wloScicielko),
policem an (policjant) - policew om an (policjantka),
grandfather (dziadek) - grandm other (babcia),
soldier (onierz) - female soldier (kobieta onierz).
iede- odr , r d: radMiu

boy (chopiec, - g irl (d rie w iy n a T
ram (baran) - sheep (owca)
k l 1
.
^
(SiOS,r>'
~ clueen (krlowa),
husband (m) - w ife (ona)

son (syn) - daughter (crka)'
2 (pi6S) ~ b ich (suka)'

" (9 ier) ~ ^ a r e (klacz),
Mother (ojciec) - m other (maika)

onele (wujek) - aunt (d o da)|
'
l .^
~ C W (kr Wa)'
b rid e g ro o m (pan mody) - b rid e (panna moda).
2. R Z E C Z O W N I K I
W IC Z EN IA
Dopisz form eskq do podanych form mskich:
a. boy
g. waiter
b. husband
h. em peror
c. dog
i.
d. father
. landlord
e. uncle
k. soldier
hero
f. king
Dopisz form mskq do podanych form eskich

a ............ ..................... woman
b ............ ..................... daughter
g ............................... ... grandm other

h ............................... ... bride
c............ ..................... mare
i................................ ... policewom an
d ............ ..................... princess
i ................................. ... sheep

k................................ ... cow
e............ ..................... heiress

f.
Zamie rzeczowniki na odpowiednie zaimki she, he lub it:

a. The bride was very nervous before the ceremony.
...............was very nervous before the ceremony.
b. The stallion was running in the field.
...............was running in the field.
c. The prince had a beautiful castle.
...............had a beautiful castle.
d. The em peror was just and very clever.
...............was just and very clever.
e. The groom was welcoming the guests.
...............was welcoming the guests.
f. The heiress had millions of dollars to spend.
...............hod millions of dollars to spend.
g* The heroine saved our lives.
...............saved our lives.
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33
WIELKA G R A M A T Y K A JZYKA A N G IE L S K IE G O
2.3. Wyraanie przynalenoci

2.3.1. Forma dzierawcza z 's
Forma i uycie
W jzyku angielskim przynaleno wyraa si, rJodajqc kocwk dopeniacza, th e G e n it iv e
s (apostrof l s)
do rzeczownika okrelajcego waciciela" danego przedmiotu. Zazwyczaj forrny tej uywamy w odniesieniu
do osb lub zwierzt, na przykad;
John's car (samochd John'a),

my friend's birthday (urodziny koleanki),
my dog's bow l (miska mojego psa).
Do rzeczownikw w liczbie mnogiej, ale tylko tych, ktre tworz regularn liczb m n o g , r./yli z kocwk
-s, dodajemy sam apostrof, na przykad:

boys' shoes (buty chopcw),
teachers' meeting (spotkanie nauczycieli),
my parents' house (dom moich rodzicw).
Do rzeczownikw z nieregularn liczb mnog dodajem y 's. O to przykady:
women's magazines (gazety kobiet),

children's toys (zabawki dzieci),
men's tools (narzdzia mczyzn).
W ym ow a
Naley zwrci uwag na warianty wymowy dodawanej kocwki:
|s] - student's notebook (notatnik studenta) - po spgoskach bezdiw icznych;
! spgoskach d i w ^ ^ c h , 0' ' " 10^
- c h ~ - :d9def l ed,CiSi " (deC,' i0 S?d!ie9
9 a rd "
( 9 ' 6d Wuika)
' po sam o9 losk ':h
* * * . koczcych sig na: -s, -sh,
Inne zasady uycia dopeniacza:
rir A~-
w przypadku rzeczownikw zoonvrh

przykad:
|emy zozwVrzai do ostatniego elementu zoenia, na
father-in-law's watch (zegarek tecia);
gdy rzeczownik
liczbie poied
doda kocwk aopetmocza

dopeniacza %
m (apostrof * * 1 1 k
hulbp"d * Doris'. hu,b o ld
dl PO "ufJCych , Mawon.owortucK
isb
wVrazaiq t przynaleno moemy
2 R Z EC ZO W N IKI
gdy grupa rzeczownikowa jest rozbudowana, kocwka 's zostaje dodana do ostatniego elementu:
President Ford's speech (przemwienie prezydenta Forda),

M ark and Jane's house (dom M arka i Jane);
kocwki dopeniacza uywa si w odniesieniu do miejsc: mieszkania, sklepu, dom u, szkoy,

na przykad:
the grocer's (sklep spoywczy),

+ s)
at my sister's (w dom u u mojej siostry).
iu
2.3.2. Konstrukcja z of
Forma i uycie
Aby wyrazi przynaleno w odniesieniu do przedmiotw, rzeczownikw abstrakcyjnych lub niepoliczalnych,
i>wkq
uywana jest konstrukcja z cznikiem of, zwaszcza z takimi wyraeniami jak b e g in m n g (pocztek),
end (koniec), to p (szczyt), b o tto m (dno), fro n t (przd), b a c k (ty), m id d le (rodek), side (strona),
na przykad:
the title of the book (tytu ksiki),

the buttons o f the jacket (guziki kurtki),
the amount o f money (ilo pienidzy).
Uwaga! W wyjtkowych kontekstach moliwe jest zastosowanie D ouble G e n itiv e , czyli rwnoczesne
uycie formy dopeniacza 's oraz of, w znaczeniu jeden z
, na przykad:
This is John, a friend of my brother's. - To jest John, jeden z kolegw m ojego brata.
skach
wa, na
loemy
|Q*ykiobce pl
dla pocztkujcych i zaaw onsow anych
35
W IC Z E N IA
Przekszta w yraenia, aby uy form y dopeniacza s:
3J
b. the house of my parents
.......................
c. the house of Tom and M ary
......................
d. the house of d o cto r M ille r
.......................
e. the house o f James
.......................
f.
Czas
Form
Formc
the house of my brother's friend .......................
dla w<
g. the house of my sister-in-law
......................
h. the house of the Browns
.......................
i.
the toys o f the kids
.......................
w
W
j.
the toys of James and M onica
......................
czsto
I V
Uzupenij zdania podanymi rzeczownikami:

front
side
Formc
end
bottom
a m ount
p u rp o se
back
Forma
middle
*op
b e g in n in g
Zasady
a. In England you drive on the le f t .................................. o f the road.
He
b. A wrack full of golden coins was found a t t h e ................................... o f the sea
Shi
c. The mountaineers left a flag o n .................................. Qf the m o u n ta in .

d. After the plane crashed, the survivors were left in t h e ..................................Qf the desert.
Forma
e. The main character gets killed at the v e ry ...................................o f the b o o k
Forma z
..
.............................
colleagues.
our conference, I w o u ld
like to
in tro d u ce
my distinguished
C o n tin
I arT
She
...............................o f o u r meetin9 is to discuss next year's budget.

observing everybody.
^ ^
r m '
^ ^
We
d r' ,her6 W S a susPicious lo o kin 9 m n
Forma 4
Form cz
w ty
lista
Forma
Forma
natomic
m.in. w
I ha
We
Czasowniki Verbs
3.1. Czasowniki - formy___________________
Czasownik w jzyku angielskim przyjmuje pi gwnych form.
Forma 1 - form a podstaw ow a / bezokolicznik

Forma podstawowa pokrywa si z bezokolicznikiem, in fin itiv e , i jest uywana w czasie teraniejszym prostym
dla wszystkich osb, oprcz trzeciej osoby liczby pojedynczej. To take forma trybu rozkazujcego. Bezokolicznik
czsto wystpuje ze swkiem to.
write (pisa)
W e write letters. - My piszemy listy.
W rite ! - Pisz! lub Piszcie!
I want to w rite a letter. - Chc napisa list.
Forma 2 - forma z kocwk -s lub -es

Forma z kocwk -S lub -e s to forma trzeciej osoby liczby pojedynczej czasu teraniejszego P re s e n t S im p le .
Zasady wymowy i pisowni tej formy s omwione w rozdziale powiconym temu czasowi.
He washes the car. - O n myje samochd.

She does her hom ework. - O na odrabia prac domow.
Forma 3 - forma z kocwk - in g
Forma z kocwk - in g to tak zwany imiesw czasu teraniejszego, g e ru n d . Uywany jest on w czasach
stinguishec
C ontinuous. Zawsze wskazuje na czynno, ktra jest niedokonana, w trakcie wykonywania.

I
w rjting , _ Pisz.
She was cleaning the house yesterday. - O na wczoraj sprztaa dom.
We have been w aiting since 2 o'clock. - Czekamy od drugiej.
coking
Forma 4 - form a czasu Past S im p le (z kocwk -e d lub form a nieregularna)

Form czasu przeszego Past S im p le z kocwk -e d przybieraj czasowniki regularne. Reguy pisowni
i wymowy tej formy s omwione w rozdziale powiconym temu czasowi. Czasowniki nieregularne maj
w tym czasie zupenie inn form, zwan potocznie drug" form z tabeli czasownikw nieregularnych. Pena
lista czasownikw nieregularnych znajduj si na kocu ksiki, a jej zastosowanie omwione jest w rozdziale
powiconym czasowi Past S im p le .
I worked oil day. - Pracowaam cay dzie.
We went to the zoo on Saturday. - W sobot poszlimy do zoo.

Forma 5 - forma imiesowu biernego p a s t p a rtic ip le
Forma imiesowu biernego, p a s t p a rtic ip le , to dla czasownikw regularnych forma z kocwk -e d ,
natomiast dla nieregularnych, trzecia" forma z tabeli czasownikw nieregularnych. Forma ta uywana jest
m.in. w czasie P re se n t P erfect oraz w stronie biernej.
I have finished redecorating the house. - Skoczyam remont domu.
We have bought some new furniture. - Kupilimy nowe meble.

The windows were cleaned yesterday. - O kna zostay wczoraj umyte.
The Browns7 house was sold last week. Dom pastwa Brown zosta sprzedany w zeszym tygodniu.
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37
-a
3.2. Czasowniki posikowe to do,
be, to
W izyku a n g ie lskim w ystpuj czasowniki posikow e ( a u x ilia r y v e rb s ). Sq to : to d o (robi, w y k o n a
o b e (by) oroz to h a v e (mie). Sq one niezbdne d o tw orzenia form pew nych czasw lub niektrystru ktu r gram atycznych.
C zasow niki
posikow e
nie
m oj
w asnego znaczenia, wystpuj z nn^T
czo sow n ikie m , ktry n a d a je zdaniu tre. Peni one tylko fu n k c j p o m o c n ic z .
3.2.1. Czasownik to do
Poniej przedstaw iono fo rm y czasownika to d o (robi, wykonywa) w p o szcze g ln ych czasach oraz ego
zastosow anie w funkcji czasownika posikow ego.
C zas te ra n ie js z y P re s e n t S im p le
Z d a n ie tw ierdzce:
1 / you do
we / you / they d o
he / she / it does
Przeczenie:
1/ you d o not (d o n 't)
we / you / they d o not (d o n 't)
he / she / it does n ot (d o e sn 't)
Pytanie:
D o 1/ you?
Do we / you / they?
D oes he / she / it?
C za s p rz e s z y P a s t S im p le
Zdanie twierdzce:
1/ you d id
he / she / i d id
we / you / they d id
3. C Z A S O W N I K I
Przeczenie:
1 / you d id not (d id n 't)
we / you / they d id not (d id n 't)
he / she / it d id n o t (d id n 't)
Pytanie:
Did 1/ you?
Did we / you / they?
Did he / she / it?
W czasach C o n tin u o u s czasownik to d o przybiera form d o in g , natom iast w czasach P erfect - form
done.
Billy is doing his hom ew ork now .
Billy odrabia teraz prac dom ow .
W h a t w ere yo u d o in g last night?
C o robie wczoraj w nocy?
I've done my best to help him.
Z ro b ia m wszystko, co w mojej mocy, aby mu pom c.
Czasownik to d o w swoim podstawowym znaczeniu ro b i, wykonywa" wystpuje we wszystkich czasach,

a w pytaniach i przeczeniach wraz ze swoj form czasownika posikowego.
I do my hom ew ork every day.
C odziennie odrabiam prac dom ow .
W h a t do they do on Friday evenings?

W h a t is Tom d o in g in the basement?
C o oni robi w pitkowe wieczory?

C o Tom robi w piwnicy?
I d id n 't do it! N ie zrobiam tego!

First I w ill d o the laundry, then I'll go shopping. - N ajpierw zrobi pranie, potem pjd na
zakupy.
Formy do, does oraz d id wystpuj jako czasowniki posikowe w pytaniach oraz przeczeniach w czasach
Present S im ple oraz Past Sim ple. Szczegowe zasady ich uycia zostan om w ione w rozdziaach
powiconych tym czasom. O to przykady:
Do you smoke?
N o, I d o n 't.
Palisz?
Nie, nie pal.
Did you know it's her b irth da y today?

Really? I d id n 't know that.
Czy wiedziae, e dzi s jej urodziny?
Naprawd? Nie wiedziaem.
Czasownik to d o stosowany jest te w przeczeniach w trybie rozkazujcym dla drugiej osoby liczby
pojedynczej i m nogiej:
D on't go therel Nie id tam! lub N ie idcie tam!

D on't open that w in d o w i Nie otwieraj tego okna! lub Nie otwierajcie tego okna!
Uywany jest rwnie w form ach emfatycznych, dla podkrelenia czego. W przeczeniach zazwyczaj
w formoc h penych, ni skrcony h:
I do like you. Naprawd ci lubi.

W e d id flO t break the w indow . Naprawd nie zbilimy okna.
i _i
.lin nor zntkuiocvch i
zaaw ansow anych
39
a. read
b. reading
o. seen
b. see
a. h a ving
b. have
a. w atched
b. watch
a. e atin g
b. eat
a. w ashing
b. washes
a. w ere
b. be
a. eating
b. eaten
a. w o rkin g
b. w ork
a. g o in g
b. go
a. m et
b. meet
a. to go
b. going
Zamie zdania na przeczenia:

a. I like jazz.
...................................................................
b. My mother likes horses.
...................................................................
c. We had a w onderful summer.
...................................................................
d. Peter works in a bank.
...................................................................
e. It rained all day.
...................................................................
f. This bag belongs to Mary.
...................................................................
g. We play tennis very well.
...................................................................
h. James broke his leg on holiday.
...................................................................
i. This soup smells delicious.
..................................................................
j.
...................................................................
M ike does his hom ew ork after school.
k. We did our shopping at the market yesterday......................................................................

I. James bought a new house.
...................................................................
Z ada j p /ta n ie zam knite (w ym agajce o d p o w ie d zi tak / nie) do poniszych zda:

a. M ary likes coffee.
..................................................................
b. We won the lottery.
..................................................................
c. You have a younger brother.
..................................................................
d. They work in a big company.................................. ..................................................................

e. Peter smokes a lot.................................................... ..................................................................
t.
We had a good time at the concert..................... ..................................................................
g. M ark does a lot o f sports....................................... ..................................................................

h. We did our shopping yesterday............................. ..................................................................
. It rains a lot in Seattle............................................. ..................................................................
j. They built a new hotel in the city centre.
..................................................................
k. Jane likes French movies........................................ ..................................................................
I. My mum does the laundry twice a week............. ............................................................ *
3. C Z A S O W N IK I
U zupenij p yta n ia form q do, do e s lub did:
a. W h e re .......................you go on your last holiday?

b. W h e r e .......................your father work?
c. W hat t im e .......................the film start?
d. W h y .......................you call me at 1 a.m .?
e. W h a t ...................... your son like the most?
f.
H ow
they usually travel to work?
g. W h a t
you do in your free time?
h. How o fte n .......................he go to the cinema?

i. W h a t
j.
you get fo r your birthday last year?
How many b o o k s .....................you have?
Zamie tryb ro zka zu j cy na przeczenia:

a. Close the w indow !
..............................................
b. G o there!
..............................................
c. Eat your breakfast!
..............................................
d. Do your hom ew ork!
..............................................
e. Turn off the TV!
..............................................
f.
..............................................
Invite him to o u r party!
g. Feed the d og !
..............................................
h. Play the piano!.................................... ..............................................
Przetum acz z d a n ia na jzyk angielski, uyw ajc form em fatycznych:

a. Napraw d tego nie zrobiem !
..............................................
b. Znam odpow ied!.............................................................................

c. Jim zadzwoni do mnie!
..............................................
d. Napraw d go nie lubi!.................... ..............................................

e. Napraw d nic nie widzielimy!
f.
..............................................
Rzeczywicie mam kilka pyta.......................................................
g. Rzeczywicie wydawa si troch
..............................................
zdenerwowany.
h. Nie chc bra w tym udziau!
www pyulfinirr* nl
..............................................
d lo poczcjlkuiqcych i zaaw ansow anych
41
3 .2 .2. Czasownik to be
P oniej fo r m y czasow nika t o b e (by) o ra z je g o z a s to s o w a n ie w fu n k c ji c z a s o w n ik a p o s ik o w e g o .
C z a s te ra n ie js z y P r e s e n t S im p le
Z d a n ie tw ierdzce:
11 am (I'm )
ja jestem
we a re (w e 're )
my jestemy
ty jeste
you a re (y o u 're )
wy jestecie
on / ona / o n o jest
they a re (th e y 're )
o n i / o n e sq
you a re (y o u 're )
1 he / she / it is
| (h e 's / she's / it's)

Przeczenie:
1 am not
we are not (a re n 't)
you are not (aren't)
you are not (a re n 't)

they are not (a re n 't)
| he / she / it is not (isn't)
Pytanie:
A m 1?
A re we?
A re you?
A re you?
Is he / she / it?
A re they?
Czas przeszy Past S im p le

Z d an ie twierdzce:
1 w as
ja byem, byam
you w ere
ty bye, bya
he / she / it w as
on by, ona bya,
we w e re
my bylimy, byymy
you w e re
wy bylicie, byycie
they w e re
oni byli, one byy
ono byo
Przeczenie:
w as not (w asn't)
you w ere not (w e re n 't)
he / she / it was not (w a sn 't)
we w e re not (w e re n 't)
you w e re not (w e re n 't)
they w e re n o t (w e re n 't)
3. C Z A S O W N I K I
Pytanie:
Was 1?
W ere we?
W ere you?
W e re you?
Was he
W e re they?
she / it?
W czasach C o n tin u o u s czasownik to b e przybiera form b e in g , natom iast w czasach P e rfe c t

- form b e e n .
W hy are you being so mean to him? Dlaczego jeste dla niego taka zoliwa?
I have been to India tw ice. - Dwa razy byam w Indiach.
Czasownik to b e w swoim podstawowym znaczeniu b y" wystpuje we wszystkich czasach.
I am hungry. - Jestem godna.

W hy are you being so nice to me? - Dlaczego jeste dla m nie taka m ia?
Mum was in the shop. - M am a bya w sklepie.
Have you ever been in love? - Bye kiedykolw iek zakochany?
W e w ill be at school this time to m o rro w . - Jutro o tej porze bdziemy w szkole.
Czasownik to b e (by) stosowany jest jako czasownik posikowy w czasach C o n tin u o u s , w ktrych
gwny czasownik wystpuje z kocw k - in g , na przykad:
I am reading a b o o k now . - Czytam teroz ksik.

W hat were you d o in g ye ste rd ay evening? - C o robie w czoraj wieczorem ?
How long have yo u been w a itin g fo r us? - Jak d u g o na nas czekasz?
Czasownik to b e jest rwnie niezbdny przy tworzeniu struktur strony biernej, w tw ierdzeniach, przeczeniach
i pytaniach. Z agadnienie to zostanie szczegowo om w ione w rozdziale pow iconym stronie biernej.
Books are printed here. - Tutaj drukuje si ksiki.

A new club was o pe n e d last Friday. - W ostatni pitek zosta otwarty nowy klub.
The w inner w ill be announced du rin g the cerem ony. - Zwycizca zostanie ogoszony podczas
ceremonii.
w ic z e n ia
U zupenij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n i fo rm cza sow n ika b y " w czasie Present Simple:

o
B e n .................. my best friend.
i-
Y o u .................... the funniest person I know.
b. My p a re n ts ................... on holiday now.
j.
V e g e ta b le s .................... very healthy.
c - D o g s .................. very friendly anim als.
k ......................... you interested in politics?
d. Tom and S u s a n .................... my friends.
I.
e. I .................. a d octo r.
m. W e .....................students.
f.
n.
S u e ................... 1 2 years old.
g. My b ro th e r.................. a pilot.
o.
M y s is te r.....................two years younger than me.
h- I .................. very happy to see you.
p.
O u r f l a t .................... to o sm all fo r three people.
These c h ild re n .................... very rude.
T o d a y .................... the 1 2 * May.
U z u p e tn ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n iq fo rm q c z a s o w n ik a b y
| ................... ill last w eek.
b T b e r e .....................a fire in o u r o ffic e last m o n th .
c W e ....................in G reece last sum m er.

j
|,
.................. M a rk 's b irth d a y yesterday.
e. Paul an d A n n .....................a t th e o p e ra last n ig h t.

f
lo m a s
still a t the o ffic e a t 6 o 'c lo c k .
g \A /e .....................ready to leave a t 6 a .m .
h. This kind of m u s ic
p o p u la r in th e e ig h tie s .
| .................. to o tired to w o rk yesterday.
j.
| | ...................very w in d y all w eek.
k. B i l l y .....................my best frie n d in c h ild h o o d .

I.
T h e re .....................a te rrib le sto rm last n ig h t.
m I h e r e .....................m any p e o p le a t the c o n c e rt.

n. Y o u
alw ays loyal to y o u r frie n d s.
o. I .................. alw ays interested in a rc h e o lo g y .

p. O u r t o w n
Q j
co m p le te ly re b u ilt a fte r th e w a r.
Zam ie z d a n ia tw ie rd z c e na p rz e c z e n ia :
o
This w atch is very expensive.
b. It was very sunny yesterday.

c. Tom and Jane were in Spain in June.
d. I am very pleased w ith my job .

e
Jim and Paul are H ig h S chool students,
There are m any p e o p le in the streets to d a y,
B ill\ is the m ost responsible o u t o f a ll o f us.
This is a very im p o rta n t conference.

M r Jones is the best c a n d id a te fo r this p o sitio n .
I was ver\ h appy to see T om yesterday,
Pam a n d John were a very happy c o u p le .

My grand tath e r was in the navy.
3. C Z A S O W N II
jj
Z ro zsypan ych w y ra z w u p yta n ia :

a. a / d o c to r / you / are
....................................................
b. in / the / zoo / were / the kids / yesterday
....................................................
c. Jane's / Tom / is / husband
.....................................................
d. very / was / last w inter / it / co ld
....................................................
e. was / an a cto r / Billy / young / when / was / he
....................................................
f. at / were / many / there / the perform ance / people ....................................................

g. Jim / in love / Sally / are / each other / and / w ith
....................................................
h. your / teacher / M r Parker / is / M aths
.....................................................
i. favourite / Biology / your / subject / was / school
.....................................................
j. from / both / are / school / friends / they / your
....................................................
k. the fridge / there / left / is / any / in / m ilk
.....................................................
I.
.....................................................
big / you / a / fo o tb a ll / are / fan
j Z a daj p yta n ie zam knite (w y m a g a j c e o d p o w ie d z i ta k / nie) d o p o n iszych z d a :

a. They were happy to see me.
.....................................................
b. John was w orking in the garden........................................ .....................................................

c. M ount Everest is the highest m ountain in the w o rld ..........................................................
d. Tom is responsible fo r this project.
.....................................................
e. This is my new shirt.
.....................................................
f.
.....................................................
There are 2 5 people in my com pany.
g. These paintings are from the 16 th century.
.....................................................
h. This film was directed by Spielberg.
.....................................................
U zupenij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n i fo rm q cza so w n ika b y " :

a. A new s ta d iu m
built in W arsaw next year.
b. O u r h o u s e .................. sold last m onth.

c. S h ip s .................... built in a shipyard.
d. W h e n .................... the telephone invented?
e. Lung c a n c e r .................... caused by heavy sm oking.
f.
Kate and B illy .................... b ro u g h t up by their grandparents.
g. O u r o ffic e .................. cleaned every day.

h. O u r f lig h t .................. ju s t ...................... announced.
3.2.3. Czasow nik to have

( w m k to h a v . , w ttwolm poA law ow ym /.u..
u m lo , p o w ia t " , M m owony ,..i 0|<0 r / osown,t
posikowy w <lasat 1 P e rfe c t. O ta |go fotmy.

C z a t tera n ie jszy P re e e n t S im p le
Zdanie twlerdiqce:
wo / yon / they
1/ you have (I've , y o u 'v e )
h a ve (w e 'v e / y o u 'v e / th e y 'v e )
ho / she / il lias (he's / she's / it's)

-
Ii i v t .-oiilo (doty ;y lylko t /nsow m kn to h a v e )
1 you d o not (d o n 't) luivo

ho
-.ho
wo you / they d o n o t ( d o n 't) ha ve
il does not (do esn 't) have
P i/tn /onie (dotyi ;y lylko i .-usowmka to h a v e g o t)

1 you have not (h a ve n 't) got
lip
she
we / you / they have not (h a v e n 't) g o t
it has not (hasn't) got
Pytanie (dotyciy tylko czasownika to h a v e ):
Do 1 you have?
Does he
Do we
you / they have?
she / it have?
Pytonie (dotyc/y tylko czasownika to h a v e g o t)

H ove 1 yvni got?
Has he
she
il got?
H ave wo / you / they got?
C z a * p rzeszy P a s t S im p l e
Zdanie twierdzqce:
1 / you had
we / you / they had
he / she / 1 had
Przeczenie (dotyczy tylko czasownika to have):
1 / you d id not (d id n 't) have
we / you / they d id not (d id n 't) have
he / she / it d id n o t (d id n 't) have
Przeczenie (dotyczy tylko czasownika to h a v e got):
1 / you had not (h a d n 't) g o t
we / you / they had not (h a dn 't) got
he / she / it had not (h a d n 't) g o t
Pytanie (dotyczy tylko czasownika to have):
Did 1 / you have?
Did we / you / they have?
Did he / she / it have?
Pytonie (dotyczy tylko czasownika to h a v e got):
Had 1 / you got?
H ad we /you / they got?
Had he / she / it got?
W czasach C ontinuous czasownik to ha ve przybiera form h a vin g , natomiast w czasach Perfect

form h a d
W swoim podstawowym znaczenia czasownik to have w yst p ie we wszystkich czasach
Czasownik ten wystpuje take w wyraeniach idiomalycznyc.h, takich jak have
lunch (|esc lunch),
have fun (dobrze si bawi), have a sh o w e r (bra prysznic), have a lo o k (zerknq, spojrze; na co) itp
We have a beautiful house on the lakes. M am y pikny dom nad leziorem.
Haye you got a car? Czy masz samoc hd?
I boye bad this ring for years, it belonged to my grandmother.
M am juz ten piercionek od lot
nale/af do mojej babe i

f o r my i zasowniko to h a v e wystpujq jako czasownik posikow y w czasach Perfect, w twierdzeniai h,
przeczeniach oraz pytaniach I o rm a h a s wystpuje w tizecioj osobie liczby pojedync/np w pozostafyi h

slosowano jest fo rm a h a ve
I hay Opened a new bank account. O tw orzyam nowo konto bankowe

Hgy you seen his new film? W idzalo jego nowy Iilm2
He h u i been away for two months now. Nle ma go ju orf dwr h miesicy.
"ww (myklobc* pi
dl poqtku|qcych I zoowan.owanych
WIELKA GRAMATYKA J Z Y K A a i m u k h m
* K onstrukcja h a v e s o m e th in g d o n e
Czasownik to h a v e wystpuje take w konstrukcji h a v e s o m e th in g d o n e . Uywamy jej, gdy mwimv
o tym, e zlecilimy komu wykonanie pewnej pracy. N a przykad:
I h ad my ca r re p a ire d yesterday. - W czoraj n a p ra w io n o m j sam ochd, (prawdopodobny

o d d a a m sam ochd d o warsztatu, gdzie zosta naprawiony)
W e are having o u r house painted a t the moment. - Zlecilim y m a low an ie dom u. (m alarze, ktrym
to zlecilimy, m aluj teraz nasz dom)
to h a ve (mie), nastpnie wystpuje dopenienie, a potem

im iesw czasu przeszego, czyli tzw. trzecia fo rm a czasownika (past participle).
Konstrukcja ta skada si z czasownika
W e w ill have the w e d d in g organised in th a t church. - Nasz lub zostanie zorganizowany w tym
kociele.
A re you g o in g to have th a t dress taken in fo r the re ce p tio n ? - Czy oddasz t sukienk do

zwenia przed przyjciem?
Tom has his law n cut every tw o weeks. - Trawnik Tom a jest przycinany co dw a tygodnie.
3.2 .4. to have oraz to have got

O b yd w a czasowniki to h a v e oraz to h a v e g o t oznaczaj m ie , p o s ia d a ". W m o w ie codzienne
na okrelenie posiadania, zdecydowanie czciej uywana jest jedn a k fo rm a to h a v e g o t, szczeghe
w czasie teraniejszym. W wielu przypadkach dopuszczalne s obydw ie form y. Naley pamita, ze
w pytaniach i przeczeniach z uyciem czasownika to h a v e naley uy czasownika p o s ik o w e g o to do
N atom iast uycie to h a v e g o t w pytaniach wym aga tylko inw ersji, a w przeczeniach s w k a not
I have a beautiful car.
lub
I have got a beautiful car. - M am pikny samocho
D o yo u have a car?
lub
H ave y o u g o t a car? - Czy ty masz samochd?
I don t have a car.
lub
I h a v e n 't g o t a car. - N ie m am samochodu.
W czasach przeszych czciej stosowany jest czasownik to h a v e .
I had a terrible headache yesterday. - W czoraj bardzo b o la a m nie g o w a .

Did you have a d o g when you w ere a child? - Czy m iae psa, kiedy bye dz.eckiem?
Czasownik to h o v e uywany jest zawsze w wyraeniach idiomatycznych:
have breakfast / lunch
dinner
ibei S-vodonie / lunch / obiod),

rest (zrobi s o b * paerv,
have a lo o k (zerkn)
hove o h o lid a y (by no wakacjach),
have a g o o d tim e / fu n (baw i sr d o b rte l.
.
i i* .
, .
have o b a b y (urodzi dziecko),
have d iffic u lty / tro u b le (mie trudnoci

/k o p o ty )
hove o cigarette (zapol. papierow i,

hove on ocaden t fnue wypadek),
hove o sh o w e r / o b o th (wzi pryszn.c

, lpw (|
'
q
! Z
CO" * e
> . o p o rty (organ,zowo przyigoe. ,mprel.
W IC Z E N IA
H i*
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n i fo rm cza so w n ika m ie " w czasie Presen Simple

a.
b.
c.
d.
0 P0%>
e.
f.
:ryw^
enkdc
9h.
i.
ik.
I.
Kate a lw a y s ...................butterflies in her stom ach when
Billy calls her.
Uzupenij zd a n ia od p o w ie dn i form czasownika m ie " w czasie Present Sim ple lub Past
Simple:
dZi5r':
2 &CC*:
w
a. I .................... a d o g and tw o cats w hen I was a child.
ito *
b. T o m ...................a yo u n g e r sister.
c fo do
c. W e ................... a w o n de rfu l tim e a t the party yesterday.
it.
d. Excuse m e, I .....................a question.
rioc'o:
W?
fu.
e. O u r h o u s e
f.
three bed ro o m s, a bath ro o m a n d a big kitchen.
W e ...................a very im p o rta n t exam to m orro w .
g. J a n e ...................her baby tw o m onths ago.

h. The B ro w n s ...................a b arbecue last weekend.
i.
O u r n e ig h b o u r .................... a bea u tiful garden.
P a u l...................a very interesting
jo b - he's an archeologist.
k. The B ro w n s ................... a villa in Italy.

I.
B illy ................... his birthday party last weekend.
m. W e a lw a y s ...................a huge fa m ily d in n e r at Christm as.

n. This r o o m ...................a lovely view o f the sea.
eZSi'
www.iezykiobce.pl
(Ila p o c z q tk u jq c y c h i z a a w a n s o w a n y c h
49
IS
Z am ie z d a n ia na p rz e c z e n ia :
a. John has g o t a fast car.............................................................. .............................................
b. Betty has a b e a utifu l silk dress................................................. ................................................
c. M y n e ig h b o u r's children have g o t a place to play.
................................................
d. W e have a lo t o f free tim e........................................................ ................................................

e. W e had breakfast in the m o rn in g .
...................................................
f.
.....................................................
Peter had a g re a t tim e on the trip .
g. M y m o th e r has g o t lots o f free tim e .
......................................................
h. The Browns have beautiful w o o lle n carpets in th e ir fla t........................................................

i.
You had a w o n d e rfu l h o lid a y last year.
......................................................
j.
I have g o t tim e to help you.
......................................................
Z ro z s y p a n y c h w y ra z w u p y ta n ia :
a. brothers / you / any / have / sisters / g o t / o r
b. hom e / a n im a ls / she / g o t / at / any / has
c. yo u r / tim e / you / have / visit / d o / to / g ra n d p a re n ts
d. have / you / w ith / lunch / d id / boss / yo ur
e. friends / Paul / have / does / m any
f.
a t / g o o d / they / have / party / d id / a /
a n niversary / tim e / the
g. anyone / does / any / have / questions

h. dentist's / w hen / visit / have / you / next / d o / a t / yo u r / the
i.
her / yesterday / Jane / d id / exam / have
j.
ow n / M r Jones / co m p a n y / have / his / does
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n im i w y ra e n ia m i z cza s o w n ik ie m ha ve o ra z podanymi
w y ra z a m i:
d iffic u lty
a cup o f te a
fun
b re a k fa s t
a p a rty
a cigarette
a show er
an a c c id e n t
a lo o k
a rest
lunch
a baby
a. L e t's ..................................... fo r Jim 's birthday.

b.
I u s u a lly
at w o rk , I d o n 't have m u ch tim e in the m o rn in g .
c.
P a u l.................................... yesterday, he's in h o sp ita l.
d.
L e t's .................................... and som e cake.
e.
D id y o u ...................................... at the concert?
f.
I'll ju s t ...................................... a n d g o to sleep.
g.
M r Jones has p o p p e d o u t o f the o ffice t o ........................................
h. A fter the a ccid e n t, J a m e s ......................................w a lk in g .

i.
M a r y .................................... tw o m onths a g o . She has a
son.
i ............................................ al the pictures. C a n you spot the diffe re nce?

k. I'm really tire d . Let's sit d o w n fo r a second a n d .........................................
I*
het s .................................... to g e th e r at that new Ita lia n restaurant.
I I ,JJ IM
3 . C ZASO W N IKI
Uzupenij zdania odpow iedni form czasownika posikowego:

a. W hat t im e .....................you usually get up?
b. W h e r e ...................your brother w ork? - He's an
architect.
c ...................... you ever been to a fo o tb a ll match?

d. W h e re ...................Pedro from ? - He's Spanish.
e. W e .....................all w atching a film yesterday at 9.
f.
W h y ...................Sally shouting at her kids? W hat's w rong?
g ......................T om g o t any pets?

h......................you g o to the cinem a last Saturday?
i.
J im m y ...................d o his hom ew ork because h e ...................... w atching TV all evening yesterday.
j....................... Betty already eaten breakfast?

k. Sorry, I ...................seen yo u r glasses.
I. T o m ...................g o o u t much w ith his friends, he's rather shy.
Przetumacz na jzyk angielski, uyw ajc konstrukcji have som ething done:
a. Jutro zainstaluj mi telewizj kablow .
b. W czoraj usunito mi zb.
c. Julia pjdzie jutro obci wosy.

d. Czy napraw ie ju sam ochd?
e. Jutro dostarcz nam paczki.
f.
W anie kosz nam traw nik.
g. Powiniene o d d a g a rn itu r d o p ra ln i.
h. Kiedy napraw isz telewizor?
3.3. Czasowniki to do oraz to m ake
W ICZ
O b y d w a czasow niki to d o o ra z to m a k e m ona przetum aczy na jzyk polski jako robi, wylc0
U zupe
czyni". W jzyku angielskim nie m ona zazwyczaj uywa ich za m ie n n ie , wystpuj one w r / "
kontekstach. C zasow nik to d o ma znaczenie n ieco bardziej o g ln e , za to m a k e oznaczn .
r
a "rODli rn
z czego, tw o rz y ':
a. W hy
b. Can
c. M r T
W h a t are you doing? - C o robisz?

I am m aking a sandwich. - Robi kanapk.
d. He .
e. C on
G e n e ra ln ie nie ma jasnych re g u na uycie tych czasow nikw . W yst p uj o n e w staych zwrotach ktr
f.
It dc
g. This
w a rto nauczy si na pam i.
h. I'll j.
i. It...
Wyraenia z czasownikiem to do:
W yraenia z czasownikiem to make:
j.
Torr
k. I kn>
do a jo b (wykonywa prac),
do a degree in something (zdoby stopie
make a phone call (zatelefonowa),

make dinner (zro b i kolacj),
n aukow y w danej dziedzinie),
make a noise (h a a so w a ),
do M aths / G eography etc. (mie lekcje
make a mistake (p o p e n i bd),
m atem atyki / g e o g ra fii itd .),
make a lo t o f m oney (zarobi duo pienidzy),
a. I'll r
do a lot of good (czyni w iele d o b re g o ),
make a start (zacz o d pocztku),
b. It's
do the washing up / the dishes (zmywa),
make sense (m ie sens),
c. Dor
do an exercise (robi wiczenie),
make w a r (p ro w a d zi w ojn),
d. Y o i
do you r duty (speni swj obowizek),
make som ebody a n g ry (zezoci kogo),
e. I co
do dam age (wyrzdzi szkod),
make a choice (d o k o n a wyboru),
f.
do a favour (wywiadczy przysug),

do one's best (dooy wszelkich stara),
make a move (o p u ci jakie miejsce),
g. I di'
make an a p p o in tm e n t (um w i si),
h. The
do homework (odrabia prac d om ow ),
make progress (ro b i postpy),
i.
do business (robi interesy),

do harm (krzywdzi),
make an o ffe r (zoy ofert),
do research (prowadzi b a d a n ia naukow e),

do shopping (robi zakupy),
do sport (upraw ia sport),
make an e ffo rt (w oy wysiek),
do one's hair (uczesa si),

do justice to somebody (o d d a kom u
spraw iedliw o).
make a decision (p o d j decyzj),

make a p ro fit (o s i g n zysk),
I. You
Czy p
Wh
It w
Przet
a. Mu
b. Zr
make fun o f som ebody (artowa sobie
c. O s
z kogo),
d. Pon
make a prom ise (zoy obietnic),

make a g o o d / b a d impression (z r o b i dobre
e. Na
f.
/ ze w raenie),
g. Nie
make the bed (p o sa ko),
h. Pr
To.
make an attem pt (sprbow a),

make an excuse (tum aczy si),
make a g o o f something ( s p r b o w a osiqg
sukces),
make a suggestion (zasugerowa),

make an exception (zrobi
w y j t e k ) ,
make trouble (spraw i ko p o t),

make a mess (zro b i b a a g a n ).
www.iezvlclohcf
3. CZASOWNIKI
W IC Z E N IA
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n i fo rm q c z a s o w n ik a d o lu b m ake:
a. Why are you ..................................... so much noise?!
b. Can y o u ................................... me a favour and pick the kids up from school?
c. M r Thom pson has his own business a n d ................................... lots o f money.
d. H e
me a prom ise he w ould never smoke again.
e. Com e on, kids! ................................... your beds and p ut your toys away!
f.
It d o e s n 't................................... any sense to me.
g. This dog is very calm and w i l l .....................................you no harm.

h. I'll ju s t................................... my hair, put some m ake-up on and I'll be ready to leave.
i.
I t ..................................... me so angry to have to listen to th a t rubbish!
j. Tom a lw a y s
his best at school.
k. I know it's difficult, but it's time t o ................................... the decision.

I. You clean the table and I ' l l .....................................the dishes.
Czy ponisze zd a n ia sq p o p ra w n e ? Z n a jd i p o p ra w w nich b d y:

a. I'll make you an offer you ca n 't refuse.
......................... .
b. It's rude to do fun o f somebody.
......................... .
c. D o n 't get angry. I'm just m aking my job.
......................... .
d. You need to make some effort to achieve your goals.
......................... .
e. I can do an exception fo r you and let you ride my m o to rb ike ...............................

f. W ho m ade such a mess o f this place?!
..........................
g. I did an app o in tm e nt with my dentist fo r tom orrow .
..........................
h. They a re n 't doing any progress with their project........................... ..........................

i.
It was a very difficult choice to make............................................................................

a. Musz speni swj obow izek i zadzwoni na policj.
b. Zrbmy kolacj i obejrzyjmy film !
c. O signlim y znaczny zysk sprzedajc nasz stary dom .
d. Powiniene najpierw o d ro b i prac dom ow , a potem pjdziesz gra w pik.
e. Naukowcy przeprowadzaj badania na biegunie pnocnym .
f. Tom p op e n i powany bd i teraz ma problem y w pracy.
g. Nie chc sprawia kopotw , zostan tu tylko jedn noc.
h. Prbowa wytumaczy swoj nieobecno, ale nikt mu nie uwierzy.
3.4. Czasowniki frazowe Phrasal Verbs

Czasowniki frazowe (P h ra s a l V e rb s), zwane te czasow nikom , zozonym , sta n o w i bardzo obszerny
dzia sownictwa angielskiego. Czasowniki te cz si w stae zw izki z przyim ka m i o ra z partykuami
zm ieniajc swoje znaczenie. Czsto jeden czasownik frazowy m a kilka rnych znacze. N ,e naley myli
czasownika frazowego z czasownikiem stosowanym wraz z przyim kiem w znaczeniu d o s o w n y m , np.
d re s s in s o m e th in g (ubiera si w co, za ka da co) to zwyky czasow nik w raz z p rzyim kiem , ale
d re s s u p as s o m e b o d y / s o m e th in g (przebiera si za kogo / co) to czasow nik fra zo w y, ktrego
nie mona traktowa dosow nie. Naley podkreli, e P h r a s a l V e r b s s b a rd zo czsto stosowane
w potocznym, zwaszcza m wionym angielskim i d la te g o w a rto o p a n o w a ich ja k najw iksz liczb.
Najnowsze sowniki czasownikw frazowych zaw ieraj kilka tysicy hase, p oniej p rze dsta w ia m y zatem
tylko kilkadziesit najwaniejszych angielskich czasow nikw frazow ych:
break down (zepsu si),
come about (wydarzy si przypadkiem),
break in(to) (wama si),
come across (natkn si na co przypadkiem),
break off (przerwa, np. dyskusj),
come along (towarzyszy komu),
break out (wybuchn, np. o wojnie lub uciec
come by (zdoby co, zazwyczaj cennego),
z wizienia),
come o ff (odnie sukces lub wydarzy si),
break up (zerwa znajomo, zakoczy co),
come round (da si przekona lub odzyska wiadomo),

come up (pojawi si, wydarzy si niespodziewanie lub
bring about (powodowa),
podej bliej),
bring on (powodowa co zego, sprawia kopoty),

bring round (przekona kogo do czego lub ocuci),
do a w a y w ith (znie np. prawo, cofn decyzj),
bring up (wychowywa lub porusza temat),
do fo r (zniszczy kompletnie),
do up (wyremontowa lub zapi),
call back (oddzwoni),
do without (obej si bez czego),
call in on somebody (odwiedza kogo),

call for (wymaga),
eat out (je na miecie"),
call off (odwoa np. spotkanie),
eat up (zje wszystko),
call up (powoa do wojska),
catch at (zapa co szybko, zaczepi si o co),

catch on (przyj si, upowszechni si, np. o czym
nowym),
catch up (nadrabia zalegoci),
check in (zameldowo si w hotelu lub zgasza do

odprawy na lotnisku),
check off (odznaczy na
check up (upewni si),

(k o n tro lo w a
fall behind (pozostawa w tyle, mie zalegoci),

fall out (pokci si),
find out (dowiedzie si, odkry co),

get aw ay with (unikn kary),
licie ),
check ou (wymeldowa si z hotelu lub sprawdzi co

dokadnie),
check up on somebody
fall back on (korzysta z czego awaryjnie, z braku

innych opcji),
kogo)
get by (rodzi sobie finansowo),

g
om ebody dow n (spowodowa, ze kto poczuje
si smutny, przygnbia),
9e in (wej do rodka),
get on (wsiada lub dogadywa si z kim),
get over (wyleczy si, doj do siebie).
dla pociqlkujqcych i loowonsowonych
give in (podda si, ustpi),
put on (zakada ubranie),
give out (rozdawa co lub koczy si, np.
put out (gasi ogie),
o zapasach),
put up (postawi dom, budynek, podnosi ceny lub
give up (podda si, zrezygnowa, rzuci, np. palenie),
wytrzymywa z czym, kim),
go back (wspomina),
run away (uciec),
go back on (nie dotrzyma obietnicy),
run down (potrci, powali co lub wyczerpa si,
go off (wybuchn lub zepsu si np. o jedzeniu),
o baterii),
go on (kontynuowa),
run in (aresztowa kogo),
go over (wpa, odwiedzi kogo lub sprawdzi co,
run into somebody (wpa na kogo przypadkiem),
przeglda),
run out of (skoczy si, wyczerpa),
go round (rozprzestrzenia si),
run over (przejecha kogo),
look down on (patrze z gry, gardzi),
see somebody off (odprowadzi kogo),
look for (szuka),
see through (przejrze kogo, pozna prawdziwe
look forward to (czeka niecierpliwie na co miego),
oblicze),
look into (bada spraw, przeprowadza dochodzenie),
see to (dopilnowa czego),
look up (sprawdza co, np. w sowniku lub poprawia

si, o sytuacji),
take after (przypomina kogo),
look up to somebody (podziwia kogo, szanowa),
take back (odwoywa co, cofa),

take in (zrozumie, poj co lub oszuka, nabra
make out (wywnioskowa, zrozumie lub dostrzec),
kogo),
make up (zmyla, pogodzi si lub nakada makija),
take off (startowa, o samolocie),
make up for (zrekompensowa co komu),
take on (zatrudnia kogo lub podejmowa prac),

take up (zacz jakie hobby, przyj prac lub
put aside (oszczdza, odkada pienidze),
zajmowa czas),
put down (odkada co, zapisywa lub usypia

z//ierz),
tum down (odrzuci, odmwi, cisza lub zwalnia),
put in for (ubiega si o co, skada podanie),
turn off (wycza),
put off (odkada w czasie lub zniechca),
tum on (odkrca, wcza),

turn up (pojawi si lub robi goniej).
W IE LK A G R AM ATYKA JZYKA AN GIELSKIEG O
WICZENIA
U zu p e n ij z d a n ia p o d a n ym i c z a s o w n ik a m i w o d p o w ie d n ie j fo rm ie .
turn on
put on
fa ll o u t
get dow n
com e a lo n g
d o up
turn up
look fo rw a rd
run o u t o f
turn d o w n
g e t on
b re ak into
a. W e're going to the cinem a to n ig h t, why d o n 't y o u ....................................... w ith us?

b. I'm going to the shop, we h a v e ....................................... m ilk.
c. It's -2 2 o u ts id e ,...................................... a w arm sweater.
d. How are y o u ......................................with your new boss?
e. S o m e o n e ......................................o u r house, but nothing was stolen.
f.
C ould y o u ......................................the light? I c a n 't see very w ell.
g ........................................ the music! The kids are sleeping.

h. I ......................................my room - the walls are now g re en , and the ce ilin g is pink.
i. Try not to let those little p ro b le m s .....................................y o u ........................................ , cheer up!
i- W e ....................................a l l ........................................ to Jane's b irthday party.
k. O nly 2 0 p e o p le ........................at the conference, it was a to ta l disaster fo r the organisers.
I-
Billy and I ......................................over nothing now - the atm osp h ere is pretty tense.
Wybierz prawidow odpowied:

a. My little sister still hasn't really .... from the death o f o u r d o g.
a. got over
b. According to latest
a. has gone up
b. g o t by
news, a b o m b .... near a hospital in B aghdad,
b. has gone off
c. When I .... to my childhood years, I rem em ber the sm ell o f my g ra n d m o th e r's pie
a. go back
b. turn back
d. Some people ca n 't im agine life w ith o u t TV, I can to ta lly .... it.
a. go w ithout
b. d o w ithout
e. The plane to New York w ill .... at 6 o 'clo ck,

a. take off
b. take up
f. When my c o m p u te r.... I am the unhappiest person in the w o rld !

a. turns dow n
b. breaks dow n
g. Jake's not a t hom e right now. But I'll tell him to .... y o u .......
a. call back
b. ca ll up
h. An o ld lady fainted on the bus, but she .... quickly,

a. came a lo n g
b cam e rQund
i.
I wanted to com e eodier, but s o m e th in g .......

a. came out
b CQme up
|. Alto. 30 years ol smoking, my lathe, suddenly decided to

0 * u?
b g ,v . up
it
Przekszta poda ne zdania, u yw a j c o d p o w ie d n ie g o czasow nika fra zo w e g

a. Little Billy looks just like his m um .
b. You have to leave the hotel a t 1 2 o 'c lo c k .
c. I'm so sorry I'm la te , but so m e th in g unexpected h a p p e n e d .
d. I hate c o o k in g , I usually e at in bars a n d restaurants.
e. Everybody know s he stole the b o o k , b u t he m a n a g e d to a v o id p u n ish m e n t.
f.
Please d o n 't in te rru p t m e, I just w a n t to co n tin u e w ith my w o rk.
g. W h a t does this w o rd m ean? I need to check it in a dictionary.

h. You w o n 't b e lie ve it! I m et Bob a t the post office.
i.
The fa cto ry is e m p lo y in g 2 0 new w orkers next m onth,
j.
Every m o n th I m a n a g e to save a few pounds.
Potqcz czasow nik fra z o w y z definicjq:
1 . call o ff
a.
2 . give up
b.
3. take in
c.
4. bring up
d.
5. catch up
e. d e cide th a t so m e th in g planned w ill not happen a fte r all
6 . turn dow n
f.
7. lo o k up
9'
h.
8 . break up
understand so m e th in g

a. Z a p n ij kurtk, jest b ardzo zim no!
b. K olega z pracy z a p ro s i m nie d o kin a , ale o d m w ia m .
c. Sally szybko w yleczya si z te g o o k ro p n e g o przezibienia.
d. Kiedy c h o p a k z n i zerw a, Betty p a k a a caym i d n ia m i i n o ca m i.
e. N ie pij te g o m le k a , zepsuo si.
f.
Musz zb a d a t spraw , o d d zw o n i d o ciebie.
g. N ie przyszed na sp otka n ie , tylko w ym yli jak g u p i w ym w k.
h. Czy moesz o d p ro w a d z i m nie na stacj?

i.
Jim o d d a ci ju tro wszystkie p ienidze, d o p iln u j tego.
j.
Jak d a je cie sobie rad tylko z je d n pensj?
W IELKA G R AM ATYKA JZYKA A N G IE L S K IE G O
3.5. Czasowniki z formq -ing lub

z bezokolicznikiem
Verbcomplementation__________
W
jzyku a n g ie ls k im
c z a s o w n ik i w y m a g a j c e
d o p e n ie n ia
p o s ta c i
z cza so w n ikie m w fo rm ie im ie s o w u czasu te ra n ie js z e g o z k o c w k - in g
in n e g o
czasownika t a-
(gerund)
lub z czasownike~
w b e z o k o lic z n ik u ( in fin itiv e ) . N ie ste ty n ie m a re g u o k re la j c y c h , k ie d y w y m a g a n a jest dana forma Trzezatem nauczy si na p a m i , kt re c z a s o w n ik i c z si z k o c w k - in g , a k t re z bezokolicznikiem
O t o przykady:
Jim suggested g o in g to the cinem a. - Jim z a s u g e ro w a , e b ym y p o szli d o kin a .

W o u ld yo u m ind in vitin g Jim to y o u r p a rty ? - C zy m ia b y c o p rz e c iw k o , gdyby Jim zostct
zaproszony na tw o je przyjcie?
I decided to sell m y grandm other's o ld house. - Z d e c y d o w a a m si sp rze da stary dom mojej bab
I w a n t to go shopping. - C h c i na za kup y.
3.5.1. Czasownik + forma -ing

D o cza sow nikw c z cych si zawsze z fo rm - in g n a le :
adm it (przyzna si),
ke e p (k o n ty n u o w a ),
a vo id (unika),
m ind (m ie co p rz e c iw k o ),
consider (rozw aa co),

defer (o d k a d a w czasie),
d e la y (o p n ia co),
deny (zaprzecza),
detest (n ie n aw idzi, nie znosi),
dislike (nie lu b i),
dread (ba si), a le : d re a d to think / say (b a si
pom yle, p o w ie d z ie - stae w yraenie),
enjoy (dobrze si b a w i),

fancy (lubi, m ie o c h o t na),
finish (skoczy),
im agine (w yobraa sobie),
involve (dotyczy, w ym a g a , w cza),
miss (t s k n i za czym ),
need (w y m a g a ),
p o stp o n e (o d k a d a n a p n ie j),
practise (w iczy),
p re v e n t (z a p o b ie g a ),
re ca ll / re c o lle c t (p rz y p o m in a sobie),
resent
(by
n ie z a d o w o lo n y m ,
cze g o , k o g o ),
resist (o p ie ra si, s ta w ia o p r),

risk (ryzyko w a ),
stand (w ytrzym yw a , zn o si co),
suggest (s u g e ro w a ).
I flfl. t S fln d g e ttin g up early. N ie znosz w sta w a w rz e n ie

He just kept w o rkin g w ithout a single w o rd . P ra c o w a d a le j
This room needs painting,
le n p o k i WVI t Mim * rvw-l
*
nie akcept
3. CZASOWNIKI
Czasownik z kocwk
-ing wystpuje take po nastpujcych wyraeniach:
it's no use (nie ma sensu, na nic si nie zda),

it's no good (nie ma sensu),
there is not much hope of (nie m a nadziei na
be busy (by zajtym ro b ie n ie m czego),
be used to (by przyzwyczajonym d o czego),
can't help (nie by w stanie p o ra d zi na co),

look forw ard to (czeka n ie cie rp liw ie na co
get used to (przyzwyczai si d o czego),

have difficulty in (mie trudnoci ze robieniem
m iego),
czego).
co),
there is no harm in (nie ma nic zego w zrobieniu

czego),
I can't help feeling nervous at the dentist's. - N ie m og nic porad zi na to , e denerw uj si

u dentysty.
W e got used to getting up at 5 .3 0 a.m. - Przyzwyczailimy si do w staw ania o 5 .3 0 .

Jane is really looking forw ard to going to Paris. - Jane nie moe doczeka si wyjazdu d o Parya.
3.5.2. Czasownik + bezokolicznik

D o czasow nikw czcych si zawsze z bezokolicznikiem nale:
afford (m c p o zw o li sobie na kupno),

agree (zgadza si),
aim (m ie na celu),
appear (okaza si),
arrange (zorganizow a, ustali, um w i),
ask (poprosi, zapyta),
beg (baga),
care (mie o ch o t co zrobi),
claim (twierdzi),
consent (zgadza si),
decide (decydow a),
determine (p o sta n o w i, zdecydow a co),
deserve (zasugiw a),
expect (oczekiw a),
fail (ponie p orak , przegra),
force (zmusi),
forget (zapomnie),
happen (m ie m iejsce przypadkiem ),
hesitate (w aha si),
hope (m ie nadziej),
inspire (inspirow a),
instruct (pouczy ko g o , instruow a),
learn (nauczy si),
manage (po ra dzi sobie z czym, uda si),

neglect (zaniedba),
offer (oferow a, p ro p o n o w a ),
order
(nakaza, rozkaza),
persuade (przekona),
plan (planow a),
prepare (przygotow a),
pretend (udaw a),
promise (obiecywa),
refuse (odm w i),
seem (w ydaw a si),
tend (mie skonno),
threaten (straszy kogo),
undertake (podj, przedsiwzi),
urge (przekonyw a, n akania),
vow (lubow a, przysiga),
w a it (czeka),
w ant (chcie),
w arn (ostrzega),
wish (yczy),
w ould like / love (chcie),
w ould prefer (wole co),
yearn (p ra g n czego).
WIELKA G RA M A TY KA JZYKA A N G IE L S K IE G O
Naley pamita, e cz z tych czasownikw moe pojaw i si z drugim dopenieniem
przed
bezokolicznikiem, tworzc konstrukcj: czasownik + dopenienie + to + bezokolicznik.

O to przykady:
I have promised to help them clean up after the party. - O b ie ca a m , ze pom og im posprzqtai
po imprezie.
At the moment we can't afford to go on holiday this year. - Nie sta nas teraz, zeby pojecha
na wakacje w tym roku.
My parents wanted me to study medicine. - M o i rodzice chcieli, ebym studiowaa medycyn

Czasownik d a re (odway si, omieli si) moe by uywany z bezokolicznikiem lub z sorr / r
czasownikiem bez swka to.
I wouldn't dare to tell him the truth, lub I wouldn't dare tell him the truth. - Nie omieliobym
si powiedzie mu prawdy.
Jednak d a re n 't (dare not) wystpuje zawsze z bezokolicznikiem bez swka to.
I daren't teji him the truth. - Nie omiel si powiedzie mu prawdy.

Czasowniki modalne can, may, must, w ill, should wymagaj uycia samego bezokolicznika bez
swka to (tzw. b a re in fin itiv e ). Z tak form cz si take czasowniki le t (pozwala), h e lp (pomaga)
oraz m ake w strukturze m ake som ebody d o so m e th in g (sprawi, e kto co zrobi;.
You should behave well when you talk w ith o ld e r people. - Powiniene dobrze s zachowywa,
kiedy rozmaw asz ze starszymi ludmi.
You may leave earlier if you wish to. - Moesz wyj wczeniej, eii chcesz.
You always make me laugh. - Zawsze mnie rozmieszasz.
-ing lub + bez
3.5.3. Czasowniki +
(bez zmiany znaczenia)
Pewna grupa czasownikw moe wystpowa zarwno z imiesowem -in g , jak i z bezokolicznikiem
me
zmienia to znaczenio zdania. Te czasowniki to b e g in / s la rt / com m ence (rozpoczyna), in te n d

zamierza), continue (kontynuowa), b o th e r (przeszkadza), a tte m p t (prbow a), cease (przesta
przerwa), propose (zaproponowa), o m it (pomin, przeoczy), b e a r (znosi, wytrzymywa)
began to_wnt the report yesterday evening, lub I began writing the report yesterday
evening. - Wczoraj wieczorem zaczam pisa raport.
He proposed gams to the cinema, bot I . o s bosy. lob He proposed ts u ja to the cinema, bot
was busy. - Zaproponowa wyjcie do kina, ale byam zajto
Po aosowrnifcoch toksdt * * lik e (,ob*|. I . . . (kochoC), p re e r |w o l*). h o ,. (IsochaC, ro-m er maga
wystpowa obydwie omawiane formy.
I like to a*im . lub I tike wim m ing - Lubi pywa
t bb7
,0m p,
" " " do
jakiego
lubklubu
w *
od czasu
do czasu
Do you prefer tg gt out or ot home? lub Do you o r f.r
- U w ielbiam y
no miecie czy w dom u?
. bbing rom h m . * Hm.

..
^
o r a* home? - Wolisz ec
3. C ZA S O W N IK I
Czasow niki + -in g lu b + b e zo ko liczn ik (zm ian a znaczenia)
-in g lub bezokolicznika zm ienia znaczenie zd an ia.

Te czasowniki to: rem e m b e r (p am ita), fo rg e t (zap o m in a), re g re t (ao w a), go on (kontynuow a),
try (prbow a co zro b i), stop (zatrzym a).
W przypadku kilku czaso w nikw uycie orm y
'm
zeb>
remember -tmed
-in g (mie wspomnienie czego,
przypomina sobie co)
remember + bezokolicznik (pamitaem,

eby co zrobi i zrobiem to; najpierw to
zrobiem, a teraz pamitam, e tak si stao)
lub 2 sarn.
1 remember turning off the washing
1 remembered to turn off the washinq
machine. - Pam itam , e wyczyem pralk.

1 remember seeing him at the office once
machine.
- Pamitaem, eby wyczy pralk.
or twice, but 1 d o n 't know his name.
Did you remember to see the dentist
- Pamitam, e widziaam go w biurze par rozy,
before going on holiday?
ale nie wiem, jak si nazywa.
- Pamitae, eby pj do dentysty przed

wyjazdem na w akacje?
koliczDiito
forget +
Ip ocror.
nie mie wspomnie zwizanych z czym)
:zodwuw.
-in g (nie przypomina sobie czego,
I'll never forget seeing the Grand Canyon.
1 forgot to see gran before going on
- Nigdy nie zapom n, e widziaam Wielki
holiday and now she's angry with me.

- Zapom niaam odwiedzi babci przed
Kanion.
mik
It's strange how quickly he has forgotten

being responsible for that accident.
1 forgot to buy bread.
- Dziwne, e tak szybko zapom nia, e by
- Zapom niaam kupi chleb.
jnei0,
wyjazdem na wakacje i teraz jest na mnie za.
odpowiedzialny za ten wypadek.
regret +
i1 /1 *
forget + bezokolicznik (zapomnie co zrobi)
-in g (auj, e co zrobiem, zrobiem
regret + bezokolicznik (auj, przykro mi, e
to i teraz jest mi przykro)
musz co zrobi, powiedzie)
We regret selling the house, because we
1 regret to tell you that your application
miss our garden.
has been turned down.
aujemy, e sprzedalimy dom , tsknimy za
Z przykroci musz pani poinform owa, e
naszym ogrodem.
pani podanie zostao odrzucone.
1will always regret not telling him how
W e regret to inform you that M r Baker
1 really felt.
passed aw a y last night.
Bd zawsze aow aa, e nie powiedziaam
Z przykroci informujemy, e pan Baker zmar
mu, co naprawd czuam .
zeszej nocy
WIELKA GRAMATYKA JZYKA A N G IE L S K IE G O
g o on +
- in g (kontynuowa robi t sam rzecz)
go on + b e z o k o lic z n ik (przej do nastpnej

czynnoci, zrobi, powiedzie co nowego)
W e c a n 't go on a llo w in g him to treat her
If you d o n 't have a n y questions, I'll go on

to discuss the n e x t p o in t on the a genda.
like that!
N ie moemy dalej pozw ala mu, eby tak j
- Jeli nie m a p yta, przejd do o m w ien ia

nastpnego punktu porzdku o b rad .
traktowa!
He w ent on talking fo r 3 hours w ithout
First, we dicussed the project in general, and

then w e w ent on to estimate its final cost.
a break!
- N ajp ierw o g ln ie om w ilim y projekt, a potem
- Mwi bez przerwy przez trzy godziny!
przeszlimy do sza co w a n ia jego ostatecznego

kosztu.
try to +
- in g (prbowa co zrobi, jako jedn
z moliwoci rozwizania jakiego problemu)
try to + b e z o k o lic z n ik (p r b o w a co zrobi,

p o d j prb zro b ie n ia czeg o , co nie jest
atwym zad an iem i w oy w to wysiek)
If it still hurts, try putting some ice on it.
Try to keep y o u r eyes open under the
- Jeli nadal boli, sprbuj przyoy lodu.
w ater.
1 know it's a difficult situation, try asking
- Sprbuj m ie otw arte oczy pod w o d .
yo u r parents fo r help.
M a y b e you co u ld try to op en this jar.
- W iem , e to trudna sytuacja, moe sprbujesz
1 c a n 't do it.
poprosi o pomoc rodzicw.
stop +
- Moe ty sprbujesz otworzy ten soik, ja nie mog.
-in g (przesta co robi definitywnie,
rzuci jakie zajcie na zawsze)
stop + b e z o k o lic z n ik (zatrzym a si, eby

co zro b i; przesta robi jed n rzecz, aby mc
zrobi inn)
M y dad finally stopped smoking after

years.
m any
- Mj tata w kocu przesta pali po wielu latach.
W hen w ill you finally stoo ianoring

when I'm talking to you?
me
- Kiedy wreszcie przestaniesz mnie ignorow a,

kiedy do ciebie mwi?
mean +
-in g (mie znaczenie, znaczy)
His resignation means looking for a new

Sales Manager, again.
Jego rezygnacja oznacza szukanie nowego
kierownika sprzeday, znowu.
Going on a diet means giving up sweets and

alcohol.
Przejcie na diet oznacza rezygnowanie ze
sodyczy i alkoholu.
dla poczqtkujqcych i zaowansowanyc t
Let's stop to have lunch.

- Zatrzym ajm y si , eby zje lunch.
W e g o t lost, so w e stopped to check the

right w a y on the map.
- Zgubilim y si, w ic zatrzym alim y si, eby
sprawdzi w aciw drog na m apie.
mean + b e zo ko liczn ik (m ie za m ia r, intencj)

I rea lly d id n 't mean to hurt you.
N ap raw d nie ch cia e m ci zrani.
I meant to mforn) you, but I com pletely

forgot.
C hciaem ci p o in fo rm o w a, ale kompletnie
zapom niaem .
W IC Z E N IA
U zupenij z d a n ia odpow iedniej form q (-ing lub bezokolicznik) czasow nikw
w nawiasach:
a Do vou fa n c y ............................. (go) to the cinema with me?
D. There s no harm in ............................. (want) to help him, but let him make this decision o r his
own.
c. James threatened............................ itell) everyone my secret.
d. I ordered my s o n ........................... (apologise) to his teacher for his rude behaviour.
e. Can you im a g in e ............................(lie) on the beach and doing nothing?!
f
You must get used t o ............................ (commute) to work.
g. How can
persuade y o u ............................. (buy) this dress? You look lovely!
h. We fa ile d ..............................(convince) the board to accept our project.

i. i d re a d ............................ (think) what Mark will say when he sees the broken window.
j. My doss keeps
(delay) the final decision to let me go on holiday or not.
<. Im begging y o u ............................. (help me, I'm really desperate.

I. i h o p e
(finish) this project by Friday.
m. This opera* on involves............................. (cut) out a piece of a vein a n d ............................. (put) it

somewhere else.
r . You're mv employee - I expect y o u
0.
(be) loyal and devoted.
can't s ta n d ........................... (listen' to him any more!
W y b ie rz p ra w id o w o d p o w ie d :
a.
prom ise
~p the whole apartment, if you he p me with this essay.
a. cleaning
b. to clean
b. Do you mind .... Jane to our party as weii?

a. inviting
b. to invite
C. We are considering .... a new house somewhere n the countryside.
a. buying
d. I would p re fe r
a. learning
b. to buy
Spanish rather than Russian at school.
b. to Iearn
e Oh no! I fo rg o t.... off the iron!

a. fuming
b. to turn
f. You seem .... tense, what's wrong?
a. being
b. to be
g. I'm sorry, but I don't recoil .... you before,

a. seeing
b. to see
h. I strongly urge you .... this offer.

o. occepting
b. to accep
1. Stop pretending ... what you're doing and let me help you.
o. knowing
b* toftlU W
j. I'm not investing onyth.ng in th.s project. I con't risk .... so much money
a. losing
b to b u
do poczqtkujiKTCh zaawansowanych
3y
P ogcz czci z d a w p a ry :
a. to be a selfish idiot.
1 I w ould p r e fe r ....
b. having
2 . D uring the trial he claim ed ....
o u r gra nd ch ild re n around, if.
q u ie t.
3. My brother never lets me ....
c. to m e e t y o u o n Friday rather than Wednei~r
4. I c o u ld n 't help ....
I'm busy.
5. I f o r g o t ....
d . to q u it m y jo b .
6. I r e g re t....
e. to te ll y o u : J im m y is c o m in g from London
7. I was w rong a b o u t him , he appea re d ...
f.
8. W e miss ....
to h a v e n e v e r m e t th e accused.
g . rid e h is b ra n d n e w m o to rb ik e .
9 . After another argum e nt with my boss,
h. n o tic in g a n e w rin g o n h e r finger.
I decided ....
10. I avoid ....
i.
b u y in g th is dress, I d o n 't really wear it.
j.
s p e n d in g
tim e
w ith
p e o p le who only tc,
a b o u t th e m s e lv e s .
U zu p e n ij p a ry zd a czaso w n ika m i w o d p o w ie d n ie j fo rm ie . Z w r u w a g na rnic

w znaczeniu:
REGRET
a. Dear Sirs, we re g re t............................................(inform ) you th a t y o u r o ffe r has been rejected due to
high costs of production.
b. I re g re t...........................................(break up) with my b o yfrie n d - I miss h im so m uch!
TRY
c. f lease stop interrupting me, I am tr y in g ............................................. (relax) a little
d. Sue seems a little depressed these days, I tried ............................................. (take) h e r shopping and
to the cinema, but it d id n 't help.
REMEMBER
e. Did you re m e m b e r
f I remember
>. ..
,.
' n v'ê him
for you?
.
fo r d in n e r tonight?
you are ta lk in g a b o u t - d o you w o n t me to ge
FORGET
g. I will never forget
(see) m y fu tu re w ife f o r th e firs t tim e -
at the first sight.
it was
h. My husband fo rg o t........
STOP
........................... ..
i.
Please s to p ...........
I-
II " a s a lo n g d riv e
so , w
, so once o
. 7
,ce we
up) the kids from school!
' m 6 n d C a lm d " n !
stopped
tk i s o m e th
L in g to eat
(have)
love
P rz e tu m a c z z d a n ia n a j z y k a n g ie ls k i:
a. N ie n a w id z r o b i w i te czn ych z a k u p w .
b. U n ik a m s p o tk a n ia z m o j b y d z ie w c z y n , ro z w a a m p rz e n ie s ie n ie si d o in n e g o m ia s ta .
c. U w ie lb ia m g o to w a , a le m a m a n ie p o z w a la m i w c h o d z i d o k u c h n i.
d. N ie m o g si d o c z e k a w y ja z d u w g ry .
e. N ie m a sensu k u p o w a m u p re z e n tu , o n i ta k to b ie n ic n ie k u p i.
f.
D o ra d z i m i k u p ie n ie ksi ki z d ie ta m i d la m o je j te c io w e j, a le o b a w ia m si , e b d z ie
w c ie k a .
g. B ardzo c h tn ie m u p o m o g , m o e na m n ie liczy.
h. W o la a b y m w y je c h a z m ia s ta p o d c z a s w i t, ni z n o w u s p d z i je p rze d te le w iz o re m .
i.
O b ie c u j p o s p rz ta c a e m ie s z k a n ie , jeli p o m o e s z m i w k u p o w a n iu p re z e n t w .
j.
Z a p rz e c z y , e z ja d c a e c ia s to , a le wszyscy w ie d z ie li, e to b y o n .
na m n ie
^ rlm io n n e N ie za le n ie o d ro d z a ju i lic z b y rzeczow nika ku

P rzym iotniki w jzyku angielskim s m eo dm .e n n e. iNieza
, W6wy
o k re la j m a j zawsze ta k sam form .
a p re tty g irl (adna dziewczyna) - preH y g irls (adne dziewczyny)
a p re tty p ictu re (a d n y obrazek) - p re tty p ictu re s (a d n e o b ra z k i).
C harakterystyczne kocwki przymiotnikw to:
-ous
furious (wcieky), d a n g e ro u s (niebezpieczny),
-less
tasteless (bez smaku), endless (niekoczcy si)
-ful
p a in fu l (bolesny), b e a u tifu l (pikny),
-ive
e xp lo sive (wybuchowy), ta lk a tiv e (rozmowny),
-ical
h isto rica l (historyczny), s a tiric a l (satyryczny),
-ible
re versible (odwracalny), fle x ib le (elastyczny),
-ish
childish (dziecinny), selfish (samolubny),
-al
p o litic a l (polityczny), tro p ic a l (tropikalny),
-ant
e le g a n t (elegancki), p le a s a n t (przyjemny),
-able
w a sh a b le (zmywalny), c o m fo rta b le (wygodny),
-y
cu rly (krcony), d irty (brudny).
Specyficzn grup s przymiotniki koczce si na - in g oraz -e d . Uczcy si jzyka angielskiego czste

myl te dwie formy:
b o rin g (nudny) - b o re d (znudzony),
interesting (interesujcy) - interested (zainteresowany),
tirin g (mczcy) - tire d (zmczony).
Porwnaj zdania:
This b o o k is v e ry b o rin g . I am b o re d w ith this b o o k . Ta ksika jest b a rd zo nudna. Jester
znudzona t ksik, (jestem znudzona, poniew a co jest n u d n e ; p rzym io tn ik z kocwk *in9
okrela przedmiot, ktry mnie nudzi, a przym iotnik z kocw k - e d - ja k ja si czuj)
The trip w as tilin g . I am fire d . - Wycieczka bya m czca. Jestem zm czona.
Inne takie przymiotniki:
satisfying (satysfakcjonujcy) - sa tisfied (usatysfakcjonowany),
shocking (szokujcy) - shocked (zszokowany),
e m b arrassing (krpujcy) - e m b a rra sse d (skrpowany, za ko p o ta n y).
Przeciwiestwa przymiotnikw tworzymy za p o m o c o d p o w ie d n ich przedrostkw
il-, in -, im-, dis-,
ir - . Naley jednak pamita, e nie ma niezawodnej reguy, w e d u g kt re j uywa si d a n e g o przed'-i wielu z przeciwiestw w arto po prostu nauczy si na pam i:
le g a l (legalny) - ille g a l (nielegalny),
lo g ic a l (logiczny) -
illo g ic a l \meiogiczny),
(nielogiczny),
f n ir Icnm vuiaJI*-*'
*- 9
fa ir (sprawiedliwy) - u n fa ir (niesprawiedliwy)
re sp o n sib le (odpow edbaln,) - irre s p o n s ib le (n ie o d p o w ,e d r,a ln ,|
re g u la r (reguom ,) - irre g u la r (niereaulam
4.1. Przymiotnik - stopniowanie proste

oraz opisowe__________________________
W jzyku angielskim w yrniam y, p o d o b n ie jak w polskim , trzy stopnie przym iotnika: rw ny, wyszy oraz
najwyszy. Zalenie o d liczby sylab w wyrazie przym iotniki stopniujem y re g u la rn ie , za p o m o c o d p o w ie d n ich
kocwek lub za p o m o c sw ek pom ocniczych.
4.1.1. Stopie wyszy przymiotnika
Comparative
Stopie wyszy tworzymy przez dodanie do przymiotnika kocwki - e r lub samego - r , w przypadku
przymiotnikw koczcych si samogosk -e .
cheap (tani) - c h e a p e r (taszy),
safe (bezpieczny) - sa fe r (bardziej bezpieczny),
fast (szybki) - fa ste r (szybszy),
la rg e (wielki) - la rg e r (wikszy).
Do przymiotnikw zakoczonych na - y w stopniu wyszym dodajem y kocwk - ie r :

h a p p y (szczliwy) - h a p p ie r (szczliwszy),
easy (atwy) - e a sie r (atwiejszy).
Gdy przymiotnik koczy si pojedyncz samogosk i pojedyncz spgosk, a akcent pada na ostatni
sylab, w stopniu wyszym ostatnia spgoska jest podwajana:
big (duy) - b ig g e r (wikszy),
thin (szczupy) - th in n e r (szczuplejszy).
W przypadku przymiotnikw zoonych z trzech i wicej sylab stosowane jest stopniowanie opisowe
za pomoc sowa m o r e (wicej, bardziej):
b eautiful (pikny) - m o re b e a u tifu l (pikniejszy),
expensive (drogi) - m o re e xp e n sive (droszy).
Niektre przymiotniki m og by stopniowane na dwa sposoby, regularnie, za pom oc kocwek, lub
opisowo, za pom oc m o r e . Dotyczy to zarwno stopnia wyszego i najwyszego. Te przymiotniki to:
q u ie t (cichy), c le v e r (mdry), n a r r o w (wski), s h a llo w (pytki), p o lit e (grzeczny), s im p le (atwy),
clever (mdry) - c le v e re r lub m ore c le v e r (mdrzejszy),
p o lite (grzeczny)
p o lite r lub m o re p o lite (grzeczniejszy).
Stopnia wyszego uywa si m.in. do wyraenia zalenoci midzy dwom a zjawiskami za pom oc struktury
th e ... th e ..., oto przykady:
The sooner the b e tte r.
Im szybciej, tym lepiej.
The e a rlie r yo u g e t up, the m ore tim e y o u have.
Im wczeniej wstaniesz, tym wicej masz
czasu.
The m ore yo u eat, the fa tte r yo u get.
Im wicej jesz, tym grubszy si stajesz.
The o ld e r yo u a re , the less e n e rg y y o u have.
Im jeste starszy, tym mniej masz energii.
WIELKA G RAM ATYKA JZYKA A N G IE L S K IE G O
W IC Z E N IA
P o d a j s to p ie w y s z y p rz y m io tn ik w :
a. pretty
g- b ig
b. lo rg e
h. p o lite
c. c o m fo rta b le
i.
lu c k y
d. h a p p y
j.
wet
e. fast
k. e x p e n s iv e
f.
I.
p a tie n t
n ic e
P o d a j s to p ie w y s z y p rz y m io tn ik w :
a. y o u n g
g. h o t
b. thin
h. b e a u tifu l
c. easy
i.
h ig h
j.
d iffic u lt
d. o ld
e. dirty
f.
im p o rta n t
k. safe
b o rin g
Uzupenij zdania stopniem wyszym przymiotnikw w nawiasach:

a. Norway i s ............................................ (cold) than P ortugal.
b. Bungee jum ping i s
(exciting) th a n p la y in g chess.
c. Chinese i s ............................................ (difficult) tha n Ita lia n .

d. Poland i s ............................................ (big) than B e lgium .
e. This dress i s ............................................(cheap) than th a t o ne .
f. My suitcase i s .......................................... (heavy) th an yours.
g. M y vratch i s ............................................(accurate) th a n yo u rs.
h. Football i s ............................................ (popular) than rugby.
i. This man i s ............................................(strong) than th a t o n e.
' MV Wn iS ............................................(dangerous) than yours.
4. P R Z Y M I O T N I K I
4.1.2. Stopie najwyszy przymiotnika

Superlative
Stopie najwyszy tworzymy przez dodanie do przymiotnika kocwki -e s t lub samego -s t, w przypadku
przymiotnikw koczcych si sam ogosk -e . Przymiotnik w stopniu najwyszym wystpuje w zdaniach
z przedimkiem okrelonym th e , chyba e przed przymiotnikiem wystpuje zaimek dzierawczy,
cheap (tani) - the cheapest (najtaszy),

fast (szybki) - the fastest (najszybszy),
large (wielki) - the largest (najwikszy),
ale:
my biggest pro ble m (mj najwikszy problem ).

Do przymiotnikw zakoczonych na -y w stopniu najwyszym dodajem y kocwk -e s t:
happy (szczliwy) - the h a p p iest (najszczliwszy),

pretty (adny) - the prettiest (najadniejszy),
easy (atwy) - the easiest (najatwiejszy).
Analogicznie jak w stopniu wyszym, gdy przym iotnik koczy si pojedyncz sam ogosk i pojedyncz
spgosk, a akcent pada na ostatni sylab, w stopniu najwyszym ostatnia spgoska jest podw ajana:
big (duy) - the b ig g est (najwikszy),

thin (szczupy) - the thinnest (najszczuplejszy).
W przypadku przym iotnikw zoonych z trzech i wicej sylab stosowane jest stopniow anie opisowe przy
uyciu sowa th e m o s t (najwicej, najbardziej):
beautiful (pikny) - the most beautiful (najpikniejszy),

expensive (drogi) - the most expensive (najdroszy).
Jak ju byo w spom niane, cz przym iotnikw moe tworzy stopie wyszy za pom oc kocwki lub przy
uyciu sowa th e m o s t:
simple (atwy) - the simplest lub the most simple (najatwiejszy),

quiet (cichy) - the quietest lub the most quiet (najcichszy).
Stopie najwyszy uywany jest m.in. w zdaniach w czasie P re s e n t P e rfe c t z przyswkiem e v e r
(kiedykolwiek):
This is the most b o rin g film I've ever seen. - To najnudniejszy film , jaki kiedykolwiek widziaam .
Jessica is the most attractive girl I've ever met. - Jessica to najatrakcyjniejsza dziewczyna,
jak znam.
WIELKA G R A M A T Y K A JZYKA A N G I E L S K I E G O
W IC Z E N IA
[ |
P odaj s to p ie n a jw y s z y p r z y m io tn ik w :
O- PrettY
b. large
Za po
? ' b l
h - Po llte
c. com fortable
...........................*
d. happy
e. fast
................................
f.
...*..................................
i*
................................
mzszy
lucky
le:
w e
|e
th
k - expensive ..........
patient
k n *ce
th
Podaj stopie n a jw y s z y p rz y m io tn ik w :
4.1
a. young
g. h o t..........................
b. thin
h. b e a u tifu l
...........
c. easy
i. high
...........
d. old
j. d iffic u lt
...........
e. dirty
k. safe ........................
f.
im p o rta n t
......................................
I. b o rin g
Wzd<
(ni, <
to
..............................
nr
Ir
U zu p e n ij z d a n ia stopniem n a jw y s z y m p rz y m io tn ik w w n a w ia s a c h :
o
A.
a. Wednesday is a lw a y s ............................................(busy) day of the week for me.
b. Is the N ile .......................................... (long) river in the w orld?

c. Which i s ............................................(dangerous) city in the US?
d. This i s ..........................................(old) building in our town.
Kons
e. Mary i s ..........................................(beautiful) girl I know.
za p(
f. A blue whale i s ............................................(large) anim al in the world.
prz
g. The Vatican City i s ............................................ (small) country in the world.
h. W hat i s ..........................................(popular) form of transport in Warsaw?
i. Jim Carrey i s ............................................(funny) actor I know.
j.
Which i s ..........................................(tall) building in the world?

W p<
tylko
4.1.3. Stopniowanie nieregularne
J
*W f
Istnieje kilka p rz y m io tn ik w , ktre s to p n io w a n e sq w sp os b n ie re g u la rn y:
g o o d (dobry) - u
be
c iiw
tte ir (lepszy)
\ i e p b z y j - the
m e
u
best
e s i (najlepszy),
\ n a |ie p s z y ;,
h
bn
ad
d (zy)
fa r (daleki)
w o rse (gorszy)
the w o rs t (najgorszy),
fu rth e r / fa rth e r (dalszy) - the fu rth e st / the fa rth e s t (najdalszy).
Przym iotnik o ld (stary) poza fo rm a m i re g u la rn y m i m a rw nie n ie re g u la rn e fo rm y e ld e r (starszy
t h e e ld e s t (najstarszy). Form y te uywane sq, gdy m w im y o czo n ka ch w asnej rodziny:

m y e ld e r b ro th e r (m j straszy brat),
m y eldest son (m j najstarszy syn).
W st
4. P R Z Y M IO T N IK I
4.1.4. Stopie niszy i najniszy

1 i
' J ' " 4 p iu rio t nu /y< li less (m m uj) o r a / th e le a s t (n a jm n ie j) m ona utw orzy tzw. stopie
n i/' /y i M <j|m /\/y p rz y m io tn ik w , na przykad
le t t ric h (m nio| b o g a ty ),
In m le r o ilim j (mmn| < mkawy),
the least co m fo rta b le (n a jm n ie j w yg o d n y),

the least t loan (nii|miue| c/ysty),
4.2. Z d a n ia okolicznikowe porw nania -
than , as... as, not so... as, the same... as

W /i l i imhu I i o k i >1ii /m k o w y i h, o by p o i w n a d w ie lu b w i ce j rzeczy lu b o so b y, sto sow a n y jest s p jn ik th a n
(nu od) u rn . p i/y m io tn ik w sto p n iu w y /s /y m
M y brother is tu llo f th a n me, but I am smarter.
M j b ra t jest wyszy o d e m n ie , a le ja jestem
m q d iz n jt/o
In P o la n d fo o tb a ll is m a te p o p u la r th a n b a s k e tb a ll.
W Polsce p ika nona jest p o p u la rn ie js z a
ru i koszykw ki
M y bag is a bit heavie r than yours.
M o ja to ib a jest tro c h cisza o d tw o je j.
Spanish and Ita lia n a re much easier to learn than Danish,
atw iej nauczy si h iszp a skie g o
i w o s k ie g o in.- d u s k ie g o
r . mi-.Iu i L
hi
a s ... a s ... (tak
|tik
) stosowano test w porw naniach dw ch przedm iotw osb i zjawisk
' i -.mii. h ij pi.-ym iotm ku w stopniu rwnym . Mozo pojaw ia si zarwno w zdaniach twierdzqcych
ak
i p io n zeniai h o n i: p yta n k u h
this book o a> in te tC itin g OS the other one.

M a ik isn't u in te llig e n t a t Tom.
1u d u y i\n t a> v o ld as y e s te rd a y
W p .>,lal*ny n
na.
la ksiqzka est to k sa m o n te re su jq ca . u w - ita .
M a rk n ie test ta k in te lig e n tn y ja k Tom.
A* s>a ' o os' 'os
\ >wqihi <*st konou k, ia n o t so
tylko w pinu renku h

Jane it
to Itietuily U S a n d ra .
ono ak wvzorc
o s... (nie 'os
ok Uwopc
stosuje s q
Jane n a es* tak sympatyczna ok Sandro
W i>uia\M\aMnik i< o u >n .v'o'vwwtx* tez hons*
ck, th e s o n ie ... as
,'ok sc "
Vso s o "o
itiv rk tu ite t| U ivw an v est p n tn o k :e e r w n ik twe p rzym io tn ik
S te* 1 t h t | U, n t h e ig h t U t h it h ith e r
S V v* est tegs' sam ego w i OStv co 090 o c ec
os
Uzupenij zdania odpow iedniq formq przymiotnika w stopniu wyszym lub najwyj^
n
P e er ,s m y ............................................... (g o o d ) frie n d , I trust him com pletely.
b . M y b ro th e r i s
(talented) th a n I a m .
c. T o d a y i s .................................................(b a d ) d a y o f m y life!
d . J o g g in g is m u c h ................................................ (tiring) th a n w a lk in g .
e. W h o i s ............................................... (p o p u la r) a c to r in H o lly w o o d ?
f.
The n e w b o o k b y C o e lh o is m u c h ................................................(good) than the previous one
g . M e d ite rra n e a n fo o d i s ................................................ (healthy) than tra d itio n a l Polish cuisine.

h. W e 'v e h a d
(bad) w e a th e r ever lately!
i.
This s k y s c ra p e r i s ...............................................(m o d e rn ) th a n the o th e r one.
j.
W e h a d d in n e r a t .............................................. (expensive) restau ra nt in town.
k. N e x t tim e yo u m u st b e ................................................ (careful).

I.
This i s ................................................. (o rig in a l) p a in tin g I've ever seen.
Przekszta zdania, u iyw a jq c as... as... :

a . M y h o u s e is b ig g e r th a n yours. Y o u r h o u s e .....................
b . M a rk is ta lle r th a n B o b . B o b ..................................................
c. F e rra ri is fa ste r th a n Fiat. F i a t ................................................
d . A lio n is m o re d a n g e ro u s th a n a fo x. A f o x ......................
e. D e c e m b e r is c o ld e r th a n S e p te m b e r. S e p te m b e r...........
f.
I a m o ld e r th a n y o u . Y o u .........................................................
g . T o d a y is c o ld e r th a n yesterday. Y e s te rd a y .......................
h
P o litics is m o re in te re s tin g th a n E co n o m ics. E conom ics
Przetum acz zd a n ia na jzyk angielski:

a
Steve jest m o irn najsta rszym synem
jest n a jb a rd z ie j o d p o w ie d z ia ln y spord moich dziea
N ie lestem y ta k b o g a c i ja k p a s tw o B row n.
To jest n a jm n ie | c ie k a w a ksig ka , ja k q k ie d y k o lw ie k czytaam .
N a jb li s z y s kle p by d u z o d a le j, ni m ylelim y.
fo rn jest w tym sa m ym w ie k u c o Jake.
Ten h o te l n ie jest tak w y g o d n y ja k p o p rz e d n i.
N ie je ste m teraz tak w y s p o rto w a n a , ja k b y a m d a w n ie j.
In d ie to n a jp i k n ie js z y k ra j, ja k i o d w ie d z ia m
4.3. Kolejno przymiotnikw w zdaniu

W ro zb u d o w a n ych o p is a c h k o le jn o p rz y m io tn ik w nie m oe by p rz y p a d k o w a . Ich k o le jn o c i rzdz
<i jsu le g u y. Przede w szystkim p rzym io tn iki w yra a j ce o p in i z n a jd u j si zawsze przed p rz y m io tn ik a m i
o pisujcym i fakty (k o lo r, w ie lk o , m a te ria , itd .) :
a beautiful o ld house (pikny, stary d o m ),

w onderful summer h o lid a ys (w s p a n ia e , letnie w a ka cje ).
W przypadku g dy p rz y m io tn ik w o p is u j c y c h jest w i c e j, p o ja w ia j si o n e w z d a n iu w e d u g poniszej
kolejnoci:
I
p rzym io tn iki o k re la j c e w ie lk o i ro z m ia r,
2 . p rzym io tn iki o k re la j c e w ie k,
3 . p rzym io tn iki o k re la j c e ksztat, styl,
4 . p rzym io tn iki o k re la j c e k o lo r,
5.
przymiotniki okrelajce pochodzenie,
p rzym io tn iki o k re la j c e m a te ria , z k t re g o w y k o n a n o p rz e d m io t,
7. p rzym io tn iki o k re la j c e p rze zna cze n ie p rz e d m io tu .

O to przykady:
an old (2) Italian (5) m irro r (stare, w o s k ie lustro),

a small (1) round (3 ) w o o d e n (6) b o x (m a e , o k r g e , d re w n ia n e p u d e k o ),
a big (1) b ro w n (4 ) kitchen (7) ta b le (duy, b r zow y st ku ch e n n y).
Przym iotniki w yra a j ce ro z m ia r i d u g o zazw yczaj p o p rz e d z a j te o k re la j c e ksztat i szeroko:
a long n a rro w tunnel (d u g i, w ski tu n e l),

a small round coffee ta b le (m ay, o k r g y s to lik kaw ow y).
WICZENIA
U p rz y m io tn ik i w o d p o w ie d n ie j kolejnoci:
a
a leather / b o ck / sm all / bag
a pretty
c.
o m odem / b ig
a golden
a com fortable
an mterest.ng
on o ld / long / A m erican / film
w o o lle n / pink / scarf

new
lovely
house
small
red
bracelet
ancient / a rm ch a ir
French
h. o fat / black / b*g / cat
rom antic
novei
W IELKA G R A M A T Y K A JZYKA A N G IE L S K IE G O
P rzym io tn iki w z d a n ia c h u w o d p o w ie d n ie j k o le jn o c i. U y j p r a w id o w y c h
p rz e d im k w tam , g d z ie to k o n ie c z n e :
a.
M y g r a n d m o th e r g a v e m e (R ussian / o ld ) b r o o c h .
b.
They a re b u ild in g (glass / m o d e rn ) s k y s c ra p e r.
c.
They w e re s in g in g (A m e ric a n / o ld ) s o n g .
d.
W e h a d (v e g e ta b le / d e lic io u s ) s o u p .
e.
She w o re (silk / b la c k ) dress.
f.
W h a t's th e n a m e o f th is (Ita lia n / red) c a r?
g.
W e k e e p a ll o u r d o c u m e n ts in (b ig / p la s tic ) b o x .
h.
For th e ir w e d d in g , w e g o t th e m (p o rc e la in / a n c ie n t) va se
5.1. Przyswek - forma

Przyswek w jzyku angielskim , tak jak w polskim , odnosi si zawsze do czasownika. O krela jak,
w jaki sposb wykonywana jest dana czynno. Przyswki tworzymy od innych czci mowy za pom oc
odpowiednich kocwek, zazwyczaj od przym iotnikw, ale rwnie od rzeczownikw lub liczebnikw.
Aby utworzy przyswek, naley do przym iotnika, rzeczownika lub liczebnika doda kocwk -ly,
na przykad:
nice (miy) - nicely (m io),

quick (szybki) - quickjy (szybko),
month (miesic) - monthly (miesicznie),

first (pierwszy) - firstly (najpierw, po pierwsze).
W przypadku przym iotnikw zakoczonych na -y, po dodaniu kocwki przyswka, samogoska ta

zamienia si na -I:
easy (atwy) - easily (atwo),
heavy (ciki) - heavily (ciko).
Gdy przymiotnik koczy si na -le , po dodaniu kocwki przyswka sam ogoska -e zanika:
terrible (okropny) - terrib ly (okropnie),
simple (atwy) - simply (atwo).
*U w a g a ! O d niektrych przym iotnikw zakoczonych na - ly nie tworzymy wcale przyswkw, wystpuj

one tylko w funkcji przym iotnika:
friendly (przyjacielski),
lovely (liczny, uroczy),
silly (gupi),
lively (peen ycia, energiczny),

lonely (samotny),
elderly (stary).
Przyswek od czasownika g o o d (dobry) ma nieregularn form w e ll (dobrze).
O to przykadowe zdania:
He shut the door quietly. - C icho zam kn drzwi.

Jane always dresses fashionably. - Jane zawsze modnie si ubiera.
I'm glad it all ended happily. - Ciesz si, e to wszystko skoczyo si szczliwie.
Niektre przyswki m aj tak sam form jak przymiotniki:
hard (ciki, trudny / ciko, trudno),

fast (szybki / szybko),
early (wczesny / wczenie),
late (pny / pno),
wrong (zy / le),
near (bliski / blisko),
straight (prosty / prosto),
deep (gboki / gboko),

high (wysoki / wysoko),
right (odpowiedni / odpowiednio),
short (krtki / krtko),
long (dugi / dugo),
far (daleki / daleko),
Iow (niski / nisko).
It was a hard task. - To byo trudne zadanie.

He worked hard to complete this task. - Pracowa ciko, eby skoczy to zadanie
d la p o c z q tk u iq c y c h i za a w a n so w a n ych
www.jezykiobce.pl
75
W I E L K A G R A M A T Y K A J ZY KA A N G IE L S K IE G O
Kiiko przyswkw ma dw ie moliwe formy: jednq z kocwk -ly , drug identyczn z przyn-
slow (powolny) - slow lub slow ly (powoli),
'
lo u d (gony) - loud lub loudly (gono).
Podaj odp
a . straight
'C z z poniszych przyswkw wystpuje z kocwk -ly, jednak m aj one wwczas zupeinip
** ifo-
znaczenie:
b.
p e rfe c t
c.
loud
d. bad
e.
w eek
h a r d ly (ledwo, prawie nie)

He h a rd ly ate anything. - Ledwo co zjad.
U z u p e
d e e p ly (gboko - o uczuciach i emocjach)

I w as d e e p ly m oved by w hat he told me. - Byam gboko poruszona tym, co mi powiedzie)
a. Please
b. They <
c. The *
la t e ly (ostatnio, niedawno)
I h a ve n 't seen any g oo d films lately. - Nie widziaam ostatnio adnych dobrych filmw.
d. W hy
e. You I
f.
Pleai
h ig h ly (wysoce, bardzo - tylko w znaczeniu przenonym o wadze, pozycji czego),
g. The
It is a highly recom m ended book. - To jest bardzo polecana ksika.
h. M ah
i. Bob
r ig h t ly (sprawiedliwie, odpow iednio, susznie)
The profits w ere rig h tly shared out. - Zyski zostay sprawiedliwie podzielone.
j.
Lots
k. W e
I.
I liv
n e a rly (prawie)
Tom n e a rly lost his leg in the accident. - Tom prawie straci nog w wypadku.
W ybi
a. Th
s h o r tly (niebawem , wkrtce)

The boss w ill be w ith you shortly. - Szef niedugo do was przyjdzie.
b. M>
c. i
w r o n g ly (niesprawiedliwie, nieodpowiednio)
d. I v
Steve was w rongly accused of stealing the documents. - Steve zosta niesusznie oskaiiw
e. H
o kradzie dokum entw.
I:
W IC Z E N IA
g. p
h. c
i. y
Podaj o d p o w ie d n i form przysw ka:

a. happy
b. fast
c.
good
d. public
e. careful
i.
............................
noisy
............................
............................
..........................
.........................
i-
5. PRZYSWKI
P o d a j o d p o w ie d n i fo rm p rz y s w k a :
a.
straight
...............................................
f sac|
b.
perfect
................................................
gterrible
.......................
c.
loud
.................................................
h early
bad
...............................................
j s e rio u s ...........................
e.
week
...............................................
j.
...........................
fjrst
...........................
Uzupenij zdania odpow iedni form przyswka:

a. Please, d r iv e .....................................................(careful), it's slippery.
b. They g o t m a rrie d and liv e d .................................................... (happy) ever after.
c. The w e a th e r c h a n g e d ...................................................(sudden).
d. W hy d id you c o m e hom e s o
(late) yesterday?
e. You behaved v e r y .....................................................(irresponsible).

f.
Please w a it 5 m inutes. I'll be with y o u .................................................. (short).
g.
The m an acted v e r y ................................................. (brave) saving the girl from the fire.
h. M a rk speaks C h in e s e ...................................................(perfect).
i.
Bob always drives s o ................................................ (fast), th a t I'm scared to get in to his car.
j.
Lots o f p e o p le w e r e ................................................. (bad) in ju re d in the earthquake.
k. W e 'v e had o u r f l a t .....................................................(nice) decorated.

I.
| liv e ..................................................(far) aw ay fro m here.
W y b ie r z p r a w id o w o d p o w ie d :
a. hard
b. hardly
a. late
b. lately
c. I h a v e n 't b u m p e d in to John a t the post o f fic e ........
a. late
b. lately
d. I w o u ld like to s i t
a. near
b. nearly
e. H e lp m e get the b o o k fro m the shelf. I can t reach s o
a. high
a.
high
b. highly
f.
a. near
b. nearly
a. wrong
b. wrongly
a. hard
b. hardly
a. deep
b. deeply
a. short
b. shortly
a. The boxe r was hit s o
th a t he colla p sed .
b. M y son returned h o m e
last n ig ht.
the w in d o w , please.
finished re a d in g the b o o k you gave me.
g. Paul w a s
accused o f stealing the m oney fro m the till.
h. D o n 't you like it? Y ou h a v e
i. He hurt m e .......
j.
The tra in will a r r iv e ........
tasted my stew.
D .,y .l w g k
"
",
r o lo
n o
p o iF
ja c i a t w y m
z a g a d n ie n ie m .
Okrelenie pozyc,i przyswka w zdaniu

I
kwestii, lecz naley pamita, ze wy,qtkw ,est rwn.e w
z d g -
Istnieje k ilk o -o g o l d o tycz cych
te |
pr2yslw ka w zdaniu zolezy gwnie
od jego roli i znaczenia.

.
w ykonania czynnoci zazwyczai zoim uig
Przystawki Okres,Oigce t f b
mieisce p o czasowniku,
d o ktrego si odnosz:
She danced beautifully. - Piknie taczya.

The w eather changed ra p id ly. - Pogoda szybko si zmieni a.
He read that book quickly. - O n szybko przeczyta t ksik.
.
Przyswki w e ll (dobrze) i b a d ly (le) w ystpuj te czsto po cza so w n iku lu b p o d o p e n ie n iu .
M a ry speaks Spanish w ell. M ary dobrze m w i po hiszpasku.

Tom was behaving b a d ly, so he w as asked to lea ve . - Tom le si z a c h o w y w a , w i c zosta
wyproszony.
Przyswki czstotliw oci, na przykad: a lw a y s
(zawsze), u s u a lly
(zazwyczaj),
o fte n
(czsto),
som etim es (czasami), se ld o m / ra re ly (rzadko), n e v e r (nigdy), w yst p u j zawsze p o czasowniku

by", lecz przed pozostaymi czasownikam i w czasach prostych. W czasach zo o n ych przyswki te
wystpuj po czasowniku posikowym.
I am never late fo r w o rk.
Nigdy nie spniam si d o pracy.
I have never tried w indsurfing.
N igdy nie p r b o w a a m w in d s u rfin g u .
Tom fiften has lunch w ith his colleagues. - Tom czsto ja d a lu n c h z k o le g a m i z p ra cy.
Przyswki a o s u , na przykad n o w (teraz), so o n (n ie d u g o ), la te
(p no ), t o m o r r o w
(jutro),
yeste rda y (wczoraj), to d a y (dzi), e a rly (wczenie), w ystpuj zazwyczaj na k o c u z d a n ia :

I am g o in g to the cin e m a to m o r r o w . - Id ju tro d o kina.
I am having a rest n o w . Teraz odpoczyw am .

Mog jednak te wystpi na pocztku zdania:
Is w s m m , I am going to the cinem a. - Id jutro d o kina
IftS iS ldflX we w ere at home. - W czoraj bylimy w d o m u .
Przyswki mifijsg takie jak h e re (tutai) th e r r * itnmt j *

(gdzie), e v e ry w h e re (wszdzie) in (w WP
\
zdania,
' S !,d !'e |' ,n (W' w ew ntW '
T o r n w
(I,cudzo), r
l ' ^ ' To
/W
i i
.
P ^na 9r7e^' s o m e w h e r e
(na z e w n g la ), w ySt, p u iq zazw yczaj na k o t o
' d !ie M
"
k' UCZ? Szuk ,a m 9
(ca kowi ci e, w peni) oraz t o . (zbyt), vent
a lm o s t u n re a l (p ra w ie n ie re a ln y).
" " I W I , i taawamowanYch
5 . PRZYSWKI
Przyswek e n o u g h (w ystarczajco, do) zn a jd u je si zawsze p o przym iotniku lu b innym przyswku,

do ktrego si o d n o s i:
well enough (wystarczajco dobrze),

com fortable enough (w ystarczajco w ygodny),
quickly enough (w ystarczajco szybko).
U w a g a ! M iejsce s w ka e n o u g h w zdaniu jest po p rzym iotniku, a le przed rzeczow nikiem :
This room is big enough. - Ten p o k j jest w ystarczajco duy.
There isn't enough room fo r me. - Nie ma tu dla mnie wystarczajco miejsca.
W IC Z E N IA
U zupenij zd a n ia podanym i przysw kam i. W ktrym miejscu pow inny si znale?
a. G ive m e 5 m in u te s, I'm ready, (alm ost)
b. This w atch is expensive, let's fin d a c h e a p e r one. (quite)
c. I have to a s t a n d scra m b le d eggs fo r breakfast, (usually)
d. I'm busy to d a y , let's m eet to m o rro w , (rather)
e. M a rk is d e vo te d to his w o rk, (fully)
f.
W e have slept in a tent, (never)
g. Is the soup salty fo r you? (enough)

h. It is late to g o f o r a w alk, (too)
U zd a n ia z rozsypanych w y ra z w :
a. coffee / p re fe r / I / d rin k / rarely / I / tea
b. that / over / is / man / who / there / ?
c. q u ite / g o / u su a lly / I / to / early / bed
d. story / is / u n b e lie v a b le / his / a lm o st
e. to / enough / you / cigarettes / old / are / buy / ?
f.
the / Paul / very / p ia n o / w ell / plays.
h a p p y / see / a lw ays / are / we / to / you
before / h o s p ita l / has / Tom / never / in / been
swka
5 3 Stopniowanie
p osb, c o s to p n io w a n ie p rz y m io tn ik w Stop*
R egularne sto p n io w a n ie przys w k w z a c h o d z iiw te n sa m
wyszy p rs y s l w k " je d n o s yla b o w ych (bez kocw ki
" f a T
o m o c q k o c w k i - e r , o stopie*
> yi
foster (szybciei) - the fastest (n a iszyb cie j).
high (wysoko) - h ig h e r (wye - fhe highest (na|w yze|).
K ilko przysw kw s to p n iu je m y n ie re g u la rn ie :
w e ll (dobrze) - better (lepiej) - the best (n a jle p ie j),

b a d ly (le) - worse (gorzej) - the w o rst (n a jg o rz e j),
fa r (daleko) - farther / fu rth e r (d alej) - the fa rth e st / the fu rth e s t (n a jd a le j) ,
little (m ao) - less (m niej) - the least (n a jm n ie j),
much / many (duo) m ore (w icej) - the most (n a jw i c e j).
S topie niszy i najniszy tw orzym y za p o m o c le s s o ra z t h e le a s t:
com fortably (w ygodnie) - less c o m fo rta b ly (m n ie j w y g o d n ie ) - the le a st c o m fo rta b ly (najmniei

w ygodnie),
patiently (cierpliw ie) - less p a tie n tly (m n ie j c ie rp liw ie ) - the le a s t p a tie n tly ( n a jm n ie j c ie rp liw ie )
*Z d a n ia okolicznikow e p o r w n a n ia
Przyswek wystpuje w p o r w n a n ia c h w s tru k tu ra c h a n a lo g ic z n y c h d o przym iotnika:
w stopniu rw nym w ystpuje z w yra e n ie m a s ... a s ... (ta k ... ja k ...) :
M y sister speaks G erm an as w e ll as I d o . - M o ja s io s tra m w i p o n ie m ie c k u ta k d o b rz e ja k ja.
w stopniu wyszym uyw any jest c z n ik t h a n (ni, o d ):
He sings better than a ll o f us. - O n piewa lepiej ni my wszyscy.

w ic z e n ia
U zupenij zdania o d p o w ie d n i fo rm p o d a n e g o p rz y s w k a :
a.
u
b.
r
c.
d
W om en d r iv e
/
, . ,
i in/ .
. | .
...................................... (carefully) than m en.
Unfortunately I e a r n
.Mi . ,
TL- l i .
(Intle)
This bird sings a s
,,
...
This is
(beautifully)
e. You need t o ' w o i Z Z I I "

f. The children are behaving
g. This time you have done
than you.
as th a t one.
Wri" n ^
^
re a d l
(hard) th a n usual II yo u w a n l to lin is h o n tim e
........................................... (noisily) than usual.
h. Unfortunately, these days you tra v e l

traffic and bad roads.
' 6S h n ^ e res * the claSS

(c o m tartably) th a n before due to
5. PRZYSWKI
Uzupenij zd an ia podanym i przysw kam i:

more seriously
less efficiently
earlier
w ell
beautifully
unfairly
less enthusiastically
quietly
a. These employees w o r k ................................................. than the other ones.

b. Nobody paints a s ............................................... as you.
c. He quit because he was tre a te d ................................................. by his boss.
d. You should take your d u tie s ..................................................
e. I did this task a s ................................................as I could.
f.
Please close the d o o r ................................................. the kids are asleep.
g. He accepted the o ffe r .................................................than I expected.

h. You must get u p ................................................than usual to catch the morning train.
U tw rz zda n ia z podanych sw, uyw ajqc spjnika than

a. Mary / draw / beautiful / Kate (Present Simple)
b. I / work / hard / you (Present Simple)
c. He / behave / nervous / me (Present Continuous)
d. The teacher / react / angry / I / expect (Past Simple)
e. You / speak French / fluent / me (Present Simple)
f. This autumn / rain / heavy / last year (Present Continuous)
g. I / know / good / you (Present Simple)
h. We / live / far / station / you (Present Simple)
d la poczqtkuiqcych i zaawansowanych
WWW
jezykiobce pi
81
5.4. Konstrukcje z czasownikami

______
to look,tofee/ itp._
Po niektrych czasownikach okrelajcych czynnoci zmysw, zam iast przysw ka uywam y przym iotnika,
aby okreli, jak kto lub co si czuje, w yg l d a , pachnie, brzm i. Te czasow niki to
lo o k (wyglda,,
feel (czu si), so u n d (brzmie), taste (m ie smak), be (by), sm ell (mie zapach, pachnie), o rwnie
becom e (stawa si), seem (wydawa si), get (robi si, stawa si). O to przykadowe zdania
You look happy, (nie happily) - W ygldasz na szczliwego.
It sounds great, (nie greatly) - Brzmi w spaniale.
I feel awful, (nie awfully) - Czuj si okro pn ie .
The casserole tastes really good, (nie well) - Z apiekanka jest bardzo d o b ro .
Be careful! (nie carefully) - Bd ostrony!
The flowers smell beautiful, (nie beautifully) - Kwiaty piknie pachn.
Cz z tych czasownikw moe wystpi z przyswkam i, ale w innym znaczeniu, na przykad: lo o k
(spojrze, patrze si), ta s te (prbow a), s m e ll (wcha). Przyswek okrela w tedy sposb, w jaki
czynno zostaa w ykonana.
Tom looked at me angrily. - Tom spojrza na mnie z wciekoci, (w jaki sposb spojrza na mnie)
ale:
Tom looked angry. - Tom w yglda na wciekego, (jak w ygl d a , jak si czu)
I tasted her cake eagerly. - Chtnie sprbow aam jej ciasta.
Mum quickly smelled the milk, but it wasn't fresh. - M am a szybko p o w cha a m leko, ale nie byo
wiee.
WICZENIA
Uzupenij zdania podanymi przymiotnikami i przyswkami:
stunning
sleepy
difficult
delicious
wonderful
angrily
angry
exhausted
0>
a. I f e l t ..............................................after a whole day o f w alking.

b. A scholarship in Rome!? It s o u n d s ..............................................
c. You lo o k
I Is it a new dress?
d. As the teacher spoke, I becam e m ore and m o r e ............................................

e. W hat are you cooking? It s m e lls ..............................................
f.
The boss lo o k s
today. W hat has happened?
g. M um d id n 't say anything, she just lo o k e d ............................................. at me

h. This exercise s e e m s ................................................Can you help me with it?
c*
Przetumacz na jzyk angielski:

a. Wydajesz si zmczony. M iae kiepski dzie w pracy?
"i
b. W ygldasz na zaskoczonego. Przecie m w iam , e id ob ci wosy.
c. Ta kaw a d ziw n ie sm a ku je . Jeste p e w ie n , e m le ko byo wiee?
d. D la cze g o wszyscy dziw nie si na m n ie patrz?
e. W ydajesz si sm u tn a . P ok cia si z ch o p a kie m ?
f.
Bierzecie lub na tro p ik a ln e j w yspie?! Brzmi cu d o w n ie !
g. Robi si g o d n a . M oe p jd zie m y na lunch?
h. Bd cich o ! S u cha m w ia d o m o c i w ra d io .
d in n n r /a t lc u ia c v c h i z a a w a n s o w a n y c h
WIELKA GRAMATYKA JZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO
5.5. Przyswek so__________________________

Przyswek so w zm acnia znaczenie p rzym io tn ika lu b in n e g o p rzys w ka . W y s t p u je z p rz y m io tn ik ie m , ktry
nie jest przydaw k, ale orzecznikiem (jest czci orzeczenia im ie n n e g o : c z n ik + o rz e c z n ik ) o ra z z innym
przysw kiem :
so rude (taki niegrzeczny),
so q u ickly (tak szybko),
so interesting (taki ciekaw y),
so suddenly (tak n a g le ).
It is so cold today! - Dzisiaj jest ta k zim n o !

The lecture was so boring that I fell asleep. - W y k a d by ta k n u d n y, e z a s n a m .
I can 't believe he is so stupid. - N ie m o g uw ierzy, e o n jest ta k i g u p i.
He speaks so quickly, I c a n 't understand him. - O n m w i ta k szybko, e nie m o g g o zrozum ie.
W a rto p o r w n a uycie so z w ystpow aniem o kre ln ika such, kt ry w p o d o b n y s p o s b podkrela
znaczenie rzeczownikw. Such czy si zawsze z rzeczow nikiem - sam ym lu b w ra z z o k re la j c y m go
p rzym iotnikiem . Naley p a m i ta o uyciu p rze d im ka n ie o k re lo n e g o a , g d y m w im y o rzeczow nikach
policzalnych w liczbie pojedynczej:
such a mess (taki b a a g a n ),
such a silly m istake (taki g u p i b d ),
such a funny story (taka mieszna h istoria ),
such p e o p le (tacy ludzie),
such a person (taka o so b a ),
such books (takie ksiki).
M a rk is such a helpful person. You can re a lly rely on him. - M a rk jest
ta k p o m o c n osob.
M o n a na nim zawsze p o leg a .
Such people shouldn't be w orking with children. - Tacy lu d zie nie p o w in n i p ra c o w a z dziem i.
The party was brilliant. W e had such a g o o d time. - Przyjcie b yo w s p a n ia e . B a w ilim y si tak
wietnie.
I had no idea your b rother is such a g o o d fo o tb a ll pla ye r. - N ie m ia a m p o j c ia , e tw j brat

jest takim dobrym pikarzem .
W IC Z E N IA
"N
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia su ch lu b so :
Btt
a. I have neve r r e a d
a g o o d b o o k befo re .
b. I had n o id e a he w a s ................................. a b o rin g person.

c. Politics i s ................................. b o rin g ! H o w can you be interested in it?
d. The sca rf I b o u g h t fo r M a ry w a s ...............................lovely I d ecide d to keep it fo r myself.
e. It w a s ....................................hot, you c o u ld n 't breathe.
{.
I h a d n t seen S ally f o r ................................. a lo n g tim e th a t I h ardly recognized her.
g. I m
h a p p y I w a n t to tell the w h o le w o rld a b o u t it!
h. H e l e f t ................................... sudd e n ly th a t I d id n 't ask him w h a t had happened.
U zupenij w y ra e n ia such lub so:

b ccc
Crr
O ':
a ........................................
g ................
b ............................
h ..................
c .............................
i ............................
d .............................
i.................
e ............................ .......a n au g h ty child
k ..........................
f ............................... ..........fast
1............................ .......................sad
mes
*14
ite
jr. :*
9V'
Przetum acz na jzyk angielski:

a. W zeszym ty g o d n iu b yo ta k zim n o , e w iele osb w o g le nie w ychodzio z d o m w .
b. W yszed ta k szybko, e nikt te g o nie zauway.
c. M a rk jest ta k im lo ja ln ym p ra c o w n ik ie m , a je g o szef jest ci g le niezadow olony.
d. Byam tak zm czo n a , e zasnam w autobusie.
e. N ie z d a w a a m sobie spraw y, e jest tak pno! U cieknie mi autobus!
f.
Tacy ludzie n ie p o w in n i m ie w d o m u zwierzt.
9 . Pete jest tak u ta le n to w a n y, e m g b y zosta synnym aktore m ,

h. Przy ta kiej p o g o d z ie nie chce m i si w staw a z ka.
ril.i
n n r
/o tk u ia c v c h
zaaw ansow anych
85
Zaimki i okrelniki
P ro n o u n s a n d d eterm in ers
N a u k a o a ngielskich zaim kach jest do a tw a , poniew a w jzyku tym nie w ystpuje o d m ia n a rze czo w n ik
a n i zaim ka przez przypadki. Tak w ic polskim za im ko m je m u , //jo g o , d o n ie g o , o n im , z nim ,
bdzie o d p o w ia d a jeden angielski zaim ek h im " .
P odstaw ow ro l za im k w (p ro n o u n s) jest zastpienie rzeczow nika. M o g o n e za st p o w a zarwno
pojedyncze rzeczowniki w funkcji p o d m io tu , ja k rw nie bardziej ro z b u d o w a n e g ru p y rzeczownikowe,
na przykad:
Jane likes to read books. - Jane lubi czyta ksiki.

She likes to re a d books. - O n a lubi czyta ksiki.
Looking a fter the house and bringingi up c h ild re n is a d iffic u lt jo b fo r a sing le mother.
- Dbanie o dom oraz wychow yw anie dzieci to tru d n e za da n ie d la sa m o tn e j m a tki.
11 is a d ifficu lt job fo r a single m other. - To tru dn e za d a n ie d la sa m o tn e j m a tki.

N atom iast okrelniki (d e te rm in e rs ) nie zastpuj, lecz o p is u j rzeczow nik.
O to przykadowe okrelniki:
a bottle o f milk (butelka m leka),

this b o o k (ta ksika),
a little more time (troch wicej czasu).
6.1. Zaim ek osobowy Personal pronoun ______

Z a im k i osob o w e w jzyku angielskim zastpuj rzeczownik w d w ch podstaw ow ych fu n k c ja c h : podm iotu
lub d o p e n ie n ia .
6.1.1. Zaim ek w funkcji podmiotu

Subject pronoun
W jzyku a n g ie lskim uycie zaim kw w fu n kcji p o d m io tu
zdaniu jest o b o w i zko w e , p on ie w a
czasow nika nie wskazuje na w ykonaw c czynnoci, w przeciwiestwie

z a im k i w fu n kcji p o d m io tu :
I - ja ,
w e - my,
y o u - ty,
yo u - wy,
he - o n ,
they - o n i, one.
she
ona,
it - o n o , to,
forma
d o jzyka p o lskie g o . O to angielskie
6. Z A I M K I I O K R E LN IK I
n et
Naley pamita o tym, e zaimki h e oraz s h e odnoszq si tylko i wycznie do ludzi. Zaim kiem it moemy
zastpi za to rzeczowniki odnoszce si do przedmiotw, poj abstrakcyjnych oraz zwierzt. Zdarza si,
e zaimki he oraz she s uywane w odniesieniu do zwierzt, ale tylko w okrelonych przypadkach,
na przykad w celu podkrelenia ich pci lub gdy mwimy pieszczotliwie o swoim wasnym zwierzciu
3n
>nim
W
domowym. O to przykady uycia zaimkw osobowych:
M y mother is a very good cook. She spends a lot of time in the kitchen. - M oja mama jest
wietn kuchark. (Ona) spdza duo czasu w kuchni.
Ernest H em ingway was born in 18 9 9 . He is one of the best known Am erican w riters. - Ernest
* * * * zora,
Hemingway urodzi si w 1899. (On) jest jednym z najbardziej znanych amerykaskich pisarzy.
r2eQowni|t0
M y dog is very lazy. jt likes to sleep a lot. - M j pies jest bardzo leniwy. (On) lubi duo spa.
Zaimek you uywany jest czsto w form ie bezosobowej. Na przykad:
You mustn't smoke here. - Tutaj nie w olno pali.

You should never touch wires with w e t hands. - Nie pow inno si dotyka przewodw elektrycznych
dngle mother
mokrymi rkami.
6.1.2. Zaimek w funkcji dopenienia

Object pronoun
Zaimek w funkcji dopenienia zastpuje w zdaniu rzeczownik wystpujcy jako dopenienie, zarwno
blisze, jak i dalsze. Dopenienie blisze odpow iada na pytania polskiego biernika (kogo? co?), natomiast
dopenienie dalsze - celownika (komu? czemu?).
Polski zaimek
Zaimek w funkcji
Zaim ek w funkcji
podm iotu
dopenienia
me
ty
you
you
on
he
him
ona
she
her
ono
it
it
jpiewoz W '
my
we
us
y 0or 9l6
wy
you
you
oni, one
they
them
ach: podmfc
przykadowe zdania:
I saw y ^ y yesterday at the supermarket. W idziaam ci wczoraj w supermarkecie.

Look! It's John M yers! Do you know him? - Patrz, to John Myers! Znasz go?
It's mum's birthday next week. I need to buy her a present. W przyszym tygodniu sq urodziny
'nomy. Musz kupi jej prezent.
WICZENIA
U zupeni zdania odpow iednim zaim kiem o io b o w y t
o
Res is my beloved dog
is white with No k pots
b M y biofhei is o doctot
c
works in a hospital
Johnl Ste\e! Be quietl ..
w ill woke yout xislei u p l
d. Solly is my best frie n d .....................is loyal ond honest

e My parents one on holiday.
have gone to Spam
t. D avid Beckham is a football player

g
plays lor tos Angeles y mlaxy
Sofia lo ic n is a fa m o u s actress
is Ita lia n
h Mary was absent lio m sc hool
is sn k
i.
My cat sleeps all day
is very la;y
My neighbours are moving out
Imve bought a new
k. W oody Allen is a film dire ctor

I.
live?-, in New York
I hove o new chess . .
is long and black
m. M um has baked a chocolate coke
is deli, iousl
n I'm trying to learn (Jhineso, but

o
house
is very d illii ult
M e ond my Inends are g o in g to the cin e m a to n ig h t
always n o to
o n Fridays.
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n im za im k ie m o s o b o w y m
a. Iliis is a present fo r Sue. I his is o present o i
b. I to ld my p a te n ts a b o u t my
plans I la id
c. I b o rro w e d som e m oney Iro m lo in
a b o u t my plans
I hot lo w e d som e m o n e y Ira n i
d. I w ent o n h o lid a y w ith my Inends I w en! on h o lid a y w ith

c
D a d to o k me a n d my sister to the o p o ra
I )tid look
In the o p e ia
f.
I m ot M o ry a t the post offic e I m e t .................... yesterday
C a n I leave a m essage for M i lories? ( on I leave a m essage f o r
M y co l is sick. I took
C o n n ie , did M a rk tell
W e have b o u g h t o now sofa W e b o u g h t
lo rn , co n I offe r
I.
I've lost my glosses, I love you seen
to llio vel
a b o u t his sum m er p la n s?
fm m ||,n d ro p in the Ity . entm
so m e th in g to d rin k?
anywhere?
in M e o n d A nn w ore In o very e le ga n t restau ra n t ( )m boss b u d Invited

r.
I b o u g h t o b o o k fo r my lu ll,o r
lo m asked
I bought
n b n ,.I u b n u l
trj g o to the r (nem o w ith h im W #
r e
W o ild W m II
g n llig In m n rin w
ip
cinema
6. Z A I M K I I O K P E LN IK I
W y b ie rz p ra w id o w q o d p o w ie d :
a. This is Sally.......is my best friend.
a. she
b. her
b. Me and M ike work together...... work in a publishing house.
a. you
b. we
c. Jane called earlier. You must call .... back.
a. she
b. her
d. Do you like my steak? - Yes, .... is delicious.
a. it
b. he
e. M um , I'm hungry! Can you make .... a sandwich?
a. 1
b. me
f. Tom , tell ...., why is your sister so sad?
a. us
b. we
g. It's M ark's birthday tom orrow. We must buy .... a present.
a. her
b. him
h. John went on a date with Sue. He took .... to a restaurant.
a. she
b. her
i. W e're g o ing fo r lunch. Are you com ing with
a. we
b. us
a. me
b. 1
k. Is that M r W ilson? 1 haven't seen .... fo r a long time.
a. him
b. he
1. John's parents are both doctors. 1 met .... last week.
a. they
b. them
j.
You must tell .... the truth! 1 need to know everything!
6.2. Zaim ki i okrelniki azierzawtze
Possessive
pronouns an
Formy olcrelnika dzieraw czego w jzyku a n g ie lskim p o z o s ta j bez z m ia n bez wzgldu na |,

i rodzaj rzeczow nika, ktre okrelaj, w przeciw iestw ie d o jzyka p o ls k ie g o . Polskim zaimkom rr/?
m o ja " , m o je ", m o i" o d p o w ia d a jeden a n g ie lski o kre ln ik m y, np. m y c a r (m j samochd), rriy |<
(m oje klucze), m y s is e r (m oja siostra). N aley p a m i ta , e a n g ie ls k ie o k re ln ik i dzierawcze wv
.
.1 .
'
zawsze przed rzeczownikiem .
^
Ki
O to formy angielskich okrelnikw dzierawczych:
my
mj, m oja, moje, moi
our
nasz, nasza, nasze, nasi
your
twj, tw oja, twoje, twoi
your
wasz, wasza, wasze, wasi
his
jego (w odniesieniu do osoby)
her
jej (w odniesieniu do osoby)
th e ir
ich
its
jego, jej (w odniesieniu do rzeczy)
O to przykady:
m y p a re n ts (moi rodzice), m y house (mj dom ),
y o u r clothes (twoje ubrania), y o u r b o o k (twoja ksika),
o u r p la n s (nasze plany), o u r g a rd e n (nasz ogrd),
th e ir c a r (ich sam ochd), th e ir sa n d w ich e s (ich kanapki).
Z a im k i d z ie r a w c z e w jzyku angielskim wystpuj sam odzielnie, nie poprzedzaj rzeczownika.

Zazwyczaj z kontekstu zdania w iadom o, o jakim przedm iocie jest m ow a. Bardzo czsto wystpuj
na kocu zdania. Uywa si ich midzy innymi, aby unikn pow trzenia rzeczownika. Na przykad:
D on t ta ke this b o o k , it is m ine. Nie zabieraj tej ksiki, jest m oja.
Z kontekstu zdania wynika, o jakiej ksice jest m owa i d la te g o p o zaim ku dzierawczym nie pojawia si
ju drugi raz ten rzeczownik.
O to form y zaim kw dzierawczych:
m ine
y o u rs
mj, moja, moje, moi

twj, twoja, twoje, twoi
his
jego (w odniesieniu do osoby)
hers
jej (w odniesieniu do osoby)
its
o u rs
nasz, nasza, nasze, nasi
y o u rs
wasz, wasza, wasze, wasi
th e irs
ich
jego, jej (w odniesieniu do rzeczy)
dla poczqtkujqcych i zaowa nsowanych
. o POGA$
6 . Z A IM K I I OKRELNIKI
Oto inne przykady:
Me and M a ry have both bought new jackets. But hers was much more expensive.
- Ja i Mary kupiymy sobie nowe kurtki. Ale ej bya o wiele drosza.

Y our neighbours aren t very polite. Ours are very nice people. - Wasi sqsiedzi nie sq bardzo
grzeczni. Za to nasi sq bardzo miymi ludmi.
du no liob
nk m mj*
*lnne zastosowania zaim kw dzierawczych
d)'
Konstrukcja rzeczow nik + o f + zaimek w yraa znaczenie jed en z
key;
26 WVstSPujq
a friend of mine (jeden z m oich znajo m ych),

a cousin o f yours (jeden z twoich kuzynw ),
a neighbour of ours (jeden z naszych sqsiadow ).
W IC Z E N IA
Uzupenij zdania odpow iednim i okrelnikami dzierawczym i:
a. (he) This i s ..... ...................car.
b. (we) M ark and Jane a r e .........................children.
c. (they)............... .........house is big and comfortable.
d. (she) ................ ........ favourite actress is Julia Roberts.
e. (w e ).................
dog is called Spike.
f. ID ..................... .... parents like country music.

g- (y o u )............... .........car is very fast.
h. (she)............... ........ hair is long and shiny.
i.
j.
(we) W e like ... ...................neighbourhood.

(you) Is this .... ....................bag?
k. (he) John a d o re s ......................... car.

1. (it) Nice dress! 1 really lik e ......................... colour.
zeczowniko
m. (1) This is Mike,
> wystpuj
............... husband.
n. (y o u )............... ....... new haircut is great!

wedding is next Saturday.
o. (they)..............
:yk a d :
pojawia si
, na przykad:
U zupenij zdania odpow iednim i zaimkami dzierawczym i:

a. (I) This book i s ....................
b. (he) This car i s ....................
c. (she) These documents are
d. (you) This pen i s ................
e. (we) This house i s ..............
I.
(they) The other house is ..
g. (!) Jane is a friend o f .........
h. (she) A cousin o f ...............

i.
(we) A neighbour o f ..........
j.
(she) This umbrella i s .......
is coming tomorrow.
. has been arrested.
dla pocztkujcych zoowansowanych

www.jezykiobce pi
W I I I K A G R A M A T Y K A II, / T K A A N G I I O K I E G O
l* r / o k * / f f i/ z d a n ia , u y w a j c o k re iln ik w iz a im k w d z iw r a w . / y
u
Ihi% boni- bolon(js lo M ory
I)
Ilm I >0(ik w l
Hurm hookfc Imloipj Io l/N llm'.n bookfi om....... . . . . . ...............
im
lliifl book if.
li Im lo iii)'. lo M m y ifl (|u ito inl< m f-'.lif i(J.
il
I Im In u >! *. w liK li Im io n a ^
lli r . li o o l* lif^ lo n g 'i lo r?m
I Im I u u il w liii h bolongs lo m u i* vory long . . . ............
fj
I lio m boni*, b u lo n o lo llm m
li
lim
b o o k , |u ,,
u#' n ,n rtilliA f b<> rln (|.............. * .......... b o o l s
mi
iu
l,l, H Hhm|
li m i b o i im |
Ih r . b o o k r ................................. ....
b ool* r* v o ry lo r h j.
lh o im Im o l *. u rn
bool*; w h lr li Im lo n i) lo llm m
om
lir .lo m u l i l m i i K r ,
lio o l *. o m
hi&torlrol
dramat.
i
11u il boni btilongn lo you
I hol book If*
......................
Min boni wilii li lmloiM|\ lo you r. o I mm li novnl
. .
Imol- i% n I mn( li noVil
6. Z A I M K I I O K R E LN IK I
s** - s
ro,herK
6.3. Zaimki i okrelniki ilociowe

- kwa ntyfikatory Quantifiers
Zaimki i okrelniki ilociowe wyraaj w zdaniu bliej nieokrelon ilo, objto danej rzeczy, pojcie caoci
lub czci. Nale do nich m.in. som e oraz any, a take (a) few , (a) little , m uch, m any, se ve ra l,
every oraz each. O ddzieln grup stanowi tzw. zaimki rozdzielcze b o th , n e ith e r, e ith e r. Wikszo
5o k$ cre
z fyCh wyrae peni w zdaniu funkcj okrelnikw: towarzysz one rzeczownikowi i okrelaj go. Jednak
czasem si zdarza, e wystpuj samodzielnie w roli zaimka. Istotny jest fakt, i pojaw iaj si one w rnych
kontekstach gramatycznych. Naley zatem wiedzie, kiedy uycie danego okrelnika jest moliwe.
rench
novel.
6.3.1. some & any

Okrelnik som e (troch, kilka, jakie) wystpuje w zdaniach twierdzcych z rzeczownikami policzalnymi
w liczbie mnogiej oraz z rzeczownikami niepoliczalnymi.
There are some people in o u r garden. - W naszym ogrodzie sq jacy ludzie.

I've got some books ab o ut the W o rld W a r II if you need them. - M am kilka ksiek o drugiej
wojnie wiatowej, jeli s ci potrzebne.
Czasem som e moe pojaw i si w pytaniach, ale tylko takich, na ktre oczekujemy odpowiedzi ta k " lub
w probach i propozycjach:
W ould you like some coffee? - Masz ochot na kaw?

Can I have some w ater, please? - Czy mogabym dosta troch wody?
Okrelnik a n y (aden, jaki, jakikolwiek) wystpuje w przeczeniach oraz pytaniach
zrzeczownikami
policzalnymi w liczbie m nogiej oraz z rzeczownikami niepoliczalnymi:
I haven't g o t a n y m oney, I c a n 't g o to Spain w ith you. - Nie mam adnych pienidzy, nie mog
jecha z wami do Hiszpanii.
Have you g o t any news fo r me? - Masz dla mnie jakie wiadom oci?
There a re n 't a n y apples left, we c a n 't make a pie. - N ie ma ju adnych jabek, nie moemy
zrobi szarlotki.
A n y moe pojaw i si w zdaniu twierdzcym w znaczeniu kady, wszystko jedno jaki":
Any doctor w ill tell you that smoking can ruin yo u r health. - Kady lekarz ci powie, e palenie
moe zrujnowa ci zdrowie.
I d o n 't care, I'll accept any kind o f help. - Wszystko mi jedno, przyjm kad pom oc.
www-iezykiobce.pl
W'
poczqtku |qcych i za a w a n s o w a n y ch
93
U , ^
U z u p e ln ij z d c n io o kre sln ikie n .

,
a. I'm going fo r a walk, I nee
^ ^
b. Hove you ever tried

C. There isn t
d. There isn
fresh a ir.
w o n d e rfu l cakes?
^ ^
mQm
breacj |eft fo r b re akfa st.

^ ^
e. W ould you lik e ................................. e '

f Are th e re
people in the s h o p .
g. There a r e n 't................................... 0 , ! o n ,he C r ^
,
.... to m a to e s a n d m a k e so u p .
h. I m going to b u y ..................................
/
i. There are two bottles o f m ineral w ater, b u t there isn t .....................
j.
|uice.
Do you k n o w .............................................. w ords in Japanese?
k. W ould you lik e ........................................... m ' ^ ' n y ur c o ^ e e ^

|
We h a d ................................... ,ce cre am fo r dessert.
m. I n e e d ................................... advice.
n. You can buy this a t .................................... shop you w a n t.
o. There i s
m ilk left in the frid g e .
W y b ie rz p ra w id lo w q o d p o w ie d z :
a. Have you ever been t o
exotic co u n tries?
a. any
b. some
a. a n y
b. some
c. There a r e .......trees in the garden.
a. any
b. some
d. There is n 't
in fo rm a tio n a b o u t the p la n e crash yet.
a. any
b. some
h om ew ork fo r the w in te r h o lid a y s .
a. any
b. some
a. any
b. some
a. any
b. some
a. any
b. some
a. any
b. some
a. any
b. some
b. There is n 't
rain in the Sahara Desert.
e. I haven't g o t
f.
I'm going to g e t
fo o d fo r the d o g .
g. I've h a d ....... problem s with my c a r lately.

h. There a r e ....... letters fo r you on the desk.
1
tim e a go , I was involved in politics.
people spend m ost o f th e ir tim e w a tc h in g TV.
6. Z A I M K I I OKRELNIKI
6.3.2. m any& much

Okrelnik m a n y (duo, wiele) wystpuje tylko z rzeczownikami policzalnymi w liczbie m nogiej, zazwyczaj
w zdaniach przeczcych i w pytaniach (how m any? ile?):
There aren t that many good schools in this area. - W tej okolicy nie ma tak wielu dobrych szk.
H o w many boxes do you need to pack all yo u r books? Ile pudeek potrzebujesz, eby spakowa
wszystkie swoje ksiki?
W jzyku potocznym, w zdaniach twierdzcych m a n y bardzo czsto zastpowane jest przez lots o /
a lo t o f (duo, wiele):
I know lots o f / a lot o f people w ho w ould never take such a brave step. - Znam wiele osb,
ktre nigdy nie zdecydowayby si na taki odwany krok.
I have lots o f / a lot o f CDs, it's quite a collection. - M am duo pyt, to cakiem nieza kolekcja.
M any pojaw ia si take w zoeniach a g o o d m a n y oraz a g re a t m a n y w znaczeniu mnstwo,

bardzo duo".
A great m any university graduates are w ithout jobs now adays. - W dzisiejszych czasach wielu
absolwentw uczelni wyszych nie ma pracy.
Okrelnik m uch (duo, wiele) wystpuje tylko z rzeczownikami niepoliczalnymi, gwnie w przeczeniach
i pytaniach (how m uch? ile?). W zdaniach twierdzcych bywa czsto zastpiony przeza lo t o f (duo, wiele),
ktre moe wystpowa zarwno z rzeczownikami policzalnymi w liczbie mnogiej, jak i niepoliczalnymi.
W twierdzeniach moe pojawi si w zoeniu z so lub to o - so m uch (tak duo), to o m uch (za duo).
I d o n 't eat much meat. - Nie jem duo misa.

How much m oney d o you need fo r yo u r holidays? - Ile pienidzy potrzebujesz na wakacje?
W IC Z E N IA
U zupenij p yta n ia much lub many:
a. H o w ............................... money d o you have?
b. H o w ............................... rain falls in Poland during autumn?
c. H o w ............................... eggs do you need for the cake?
d. H o w ............................... packets o f rice did you buy?
e. H o w ............................... people are you going to invite?
f.
H o w ............................... sandwiches do you want to buy?
g . H o w ............................... salt do you put in your soup?

h. H o w ............................... children are there in your class?
j.
H o w ...............................bread d o you want me to buy?
j.
H o w ............................... jars of jam did you buy?
k. H o w ...............................did those shoes cost you?

|.
H o w ...............................chocolale have you eaten today?
m. How . ' " " ' Z ' Z .
bars of chocolate have you eaten today?
r,. H o w ...............................times have you been to Londonv
u -
tL .in c u r h i zaaw ansow anych
95
j zyk a a n o ic ls k ic o o
W IELKA G RA M A TYKA
i - - r A n n i o m u c h lu b m a n y :
U z u p e n ij z d
0 . I d id n 't send my a p p lic a tio n t o
e. John d o e sn 't k n o w
A g re a t
p |o y |n g fo o tb a ll.
b j i n sPe n d s ...................
c . | d o n 't h a v e
...............................
d. My father doesn t k n o w
................. firm s w hen I was lo o kin g for a 0^
fu n n y sto rie s.
^ Q(jt n u c le a r p h ysics.
o f my"frie n d s use th e In te rn e t a t w o rk .
" ...............
fish last tim e we w e n t fish in g .
q. W e d id n 't c a tc h ...............................
y
, ,
s n o w fa ll la te ly.
h. We haven t h a d ....................
frie n d s .
1. Tim is very shy, he d o e s n 't h a v e .................................
j.
I drink coffee, but n o t ...................................
6.3.3. (a)
fe w
& (a) little
O krelniki fe w (m ao) oraz a f e w
(k ilk a , p ar) w y s t p u j w y c z n ie z rzeczo w n ika m i policzalny
F ew wystpuje w p oczeniu z s o lu b t o o - s o f e w (ta k m a o ) , t o o f e w (za m a o ):

I have a fe w ideas fo r Jim 's b irth d a y p a rty . - M a m kilka p o m ys w na imprez urodzinow Jima.
I'm g o in g to take a fe w d a ys o ff w o r k a n d g o to th e s e a s id e . - W ezm kilka dni wolnego wproci
i pojad nad morze.
She has few friends, she isn't v e ry p o p u la r. - O n a m a m a o znajom ych, nie jest specjalnie lubiano
I c o u ld n 't believe so fe w p e o p le tu rn e d up fo r th e c e r e m o n y . - N ie m o g a m uwierzy, e talc molo
ludzi p o ja w io si na cerem onii.
Okrelniki lit t le (mao) oraz a l i t t l e (troch) w ystpuj tylko z rz e c z o w n ik a m i niepoliczalnym i. Analog e r;

l it t l e czy si z so lub t o o - s o l i t t l e (tak m a o ), t o o l i t t l e (za m a o ).
I need a little fresh a ir. - Potrzebuj tro ch w ieego p o w ie trz a .
Since w e have a little tim e n o w , le t's discuss o u r h o lid a y p la n s . - S ko ro m am y teraz troch cl~porozmawiajmy o naszych plonach na w akacje.
You know so little a b o u t him! A re yo u sure h e 's the o n e ? - Wiesz o nim tok mao! Jesteipe*
ze to ten jedyny?
a. I can t a ffo rd to g o o u t w ith you. I have .... money,
a. little
b. a little
b. Excuse m e, but I hove .... questions,

a. few
b. a few
c. There are only .... days left till the d e a dlin e,

a. few
b. a few
d. Hurry up! W e have .... tim e,

a. little
b. a little
e. Very .... p e o p le attended the concerts because the tickets were very expensive
a. few
f.
b. a few
I saw Betty .... days a g o .

a. few
b. a few
g. M y w ork is my life, I have very .... tim e fo r social life,

a. little
b. a little
h. I m an ag e d to p u t aside .... m oney - we can go to the seaside this summer,

a. little
i.
I am a very lucky person. I have .... problem s,

a. few
j.
b. a little
b. a few
I can speak .... Spanish and French,

a. little
b. a little
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia fe w , a few , little lu b a little:

a . Jim feels very lonely, he h a s ...................................friends.
b.
U n fo rtu n a te ly ............................... can be done to save this species.
c.
There a r e ............................... skyscrapers in this town, it isn't very m odern.
d. Excuse m e, can I h a v e ................................ sugar in my coffee?

e. There i s ...............................rain in A frica.
f.
g.
I d o n 't speak G e rm a n , I only k n o w .............................. words.

W e have t o o
flo u r to make a cake.
h ....................................tourists com e to this town, there isn't much to see.

i.
j.
There is o n ly .................................... w ater in the bottle.

M y teacher h a s .............................. patience, she gets angry easily.
W IE L K A G R A M A T Y K A Z Y K A A N O .E L S K .E O O
6.3.4. every & each

O b y d w a te okreLlniki oznaczaa kady*. Jednak
event o d n o, s, d o kade, osoby lub
grupie, ma podobne znaczenie d o a ll (w szyscy] E v e ry w y s .g p u .e ta k e z wyrae,anei czasu, p . *
e v e n in g (kadego wieczoru), e v e ry y e a r (kadego roku), e v e r y f o u r y e a r s (co 4 loto).

E ve ry student gets n e rvou s b e fo re a n im p o r ta n t e x a m .
Kazdy student denerwuje si p
wanym egzaminem. (Wszyscy studenci d e n erw uj si przed w an ym egzam inem .)

E ve ry c h ild likes sw eets. - Kade dziecko lubi sodycze.
He says he has re a d every bo o k he has a t hom e. - M w i, e przeczyta kad ksik, ktr

w dom u. (e przeczyta wszystkie ksiki, ktre ma w d o m u .)
O krelnik e a ch odnosi si indyw idualnie do kadego re p re ze n ta n ta d a n e j grupy, jego znaczenie es*a
wsze:
During the exam each student g o t a piece o f p a p e r a n d p e n . - Podczas egzaminu kady srude~
dosta kartk papieru i dugopis.
They each had to ask fo r perm ission p e rs o n a lly . - K ady z nich m usia osobicie poproo pozwolenie.
Each book in the lib ra ry has its o w n n u m b e r. - Kada ksika w b ib lio te c e m a swj numer
A pples are 10 pence each. - Kade ja b k o kosztuje 10 p e n s w .
O krelniki
/
each
oraz
every wystpuj w ta kich zw rotach ja k e v e ry o n e / e a c h o n e (kady), eachof
every one of (kady z / spord):

Jane has three sisters. Each one has a d iffe re n t p e rs o n a lity . Jane m a trzy siostry. Kada z ni*
ma inny charakter.
Every one o f us knew w e w o u ld end up in tro u b le . - K ady z nas w ie d zia , e wpakujemys

w kopoty.
W IC Z E N IA
W y b ie rz p ra w id fo w q o d p o w ie d z :
a
w om an likes to lo o k g o o d .
b. I get n e rv o u s .... tim e I have to ta lk to my boss.

c
question must be answered.
of my friends has a m o b ile phone.
o l the players played really well.
I.
During the exam .... of us was h o o d e d the answ er sheet,
g. I have three d o g s
is different breed.
a. every
a . every
a. every
a. e ve iy
a. every
a. every
a. every
b. each
b. each
b. each
b. each
b. each
b. each
b. each
U z u p e n ij z d o n ia e a ch lu b e ve ry:
o.
Board m eetings take place
rv.
b
o TH6CO"
. 6 bus to
o irpeC!
o rfTleaves0VDS - 1 ^
r
two months.
u ix l
bolt an hour.
Of my films.
d 1 d0 ^ 1 ,o u r dress - ............................... is a different colour

e. I get o bonus from my b o s s ................................... three months.
f. Kiwis are 5 0 p e n c e .......
*
g. She b ou g h t fo u r balloons - one f o r ...............................o f her children.
6.3.5. Inne okrelniki ilociowe

O krelnik a ll (wszystko, wszyscy) odnosi si do oglnie do wikszej grupy osb lub przedmiotw,
/'/stpuje V/ zwrocie a ll of... (wszyscy z / spord) oraz w nastpujcych wyraeniach czasowych a ll
th e tim e (cay czas), a ll n ig h t (ca noc), a ll d a y (cay dzie):

A ll em ployees w ill receive a Christmas bonus. Wszyscy pracownicy dostan premi
boonarodzeniow .
A ll o f us need some peace and quiet from time to time. Wszyscy potrzebujemy od czasu do
czasu troch ciszy i spokoju.
He w as out a ll night. - Nie byo g o w dom u ca noc.
no (aden, nikt) wystpuje gwnie w roli przeczenia ze wszystkimi rzeczownikami,

none jest zaim kiem i nie pojaw ia si nigdy z rzeczownikiem. Wystpuje za to w zwrocie none of
O krelnik
(nikt z / spord):
N o person should be treated like that. - aden czowiek (nikt) nie powinien by tak
traktowany.
There is no d o u b t it was his fault. - Nie ma wtpliwoci, e to bya jego wina.

I have no m oney. - Nie mam adnych pienidzy.
I w ent to the shop fo r some shoes, but fin a lly I bought none. - W ybraam si na zakupy, eby
kupi buty, a le w kocu adnych nie kupiam.
N on e o f us e xpected that he w o u ld end up in prison. - Nikt z nas nie podejrzewa, e on

skoczy w wizieniu.
O krelniki p le n ty of, a g re a t d e a l o f, a la rg e n u m b e r o f oznaczaj duo, mnstwo" i mog
by uywane zarw no z rzeczownikami policzalnymi w licznie m nogiej, jak i z niepoliczalnymi.
A la rg e n u m b e r o f people are a fra id o f going to the dentist's. - Mnbstwo ludzi boi si? wizyty
She spends a g re a t deal o f time lo o kin g after her garden. - O n a spdza bardzo duo a o s u .
zajmujc si swoim ogrodem .
S everal (kilka) uywane es! tylko z r z e c z o w n i k a m i policzalnymi:

There a re o n ly several p e o p le I can trust. - Jest tylko kilka osbb, k.bgzm
d lo po i zqku|qcyd> i zaaw ansow anych

www |fuylaobr;e.pl
'IE L K A G R A M A T Y K A J Z Y K A A N G I E L S K IE G O
E n o u g h (wystarczajco duo) u iy w o n e jest z rze czo w n ika m i p o lic z a ln y m i w lic z b ie m nogiej or0!
z rzeczow nikam i n ie p o licza ln ym i:
A re th e re e n o u g h glasses fo r e v e ry b o d y ? -
Czy jest w y s t a r c z a n o
cluzo kieliszkw d|Q
wszystkich?
There is n 't e n o u g h ro o m fo r six p e o p le to s le e p h e re . - Tutaj n ie m a w ystarczajco duo

m iejsca, aby m o g o spa sze osb.
I'v e h e a rd th a t h e's g o t e n o u g h m o n e y to b u y o u t th e c o m p a n y . - S yszaa m , e on mQ

w ystarczajco duo pienidzy, eby w yku p i c a firm .
M o re (w icej), m ost (of) (wikszo), the m o st (n a jw i ce j) u yw a n e m o g by z rzeczownikami

p o licza ln ym i oraz n ie p o licza ln ym i:
Y ou n e e d m o re cheese to m ake a p iz z a . - P otrzebujesz w i c e j se ra , eby z ro b i pizz.

O u r c o m p a n y needs to b u y m o re c o m p u te rs to w o r k e ffic ie n tly . - N asza firm a musi kupi
w ice j k o m p u te r w , aby sp ra w n ie p ra c o w a .
M o s t p e o p le a re c o n v in c e d d rin k -d riv in g s h o u ld b e s e v e re ly p u n is h e d . - W i k s z o ludzi jest

p rz e k o n a n a , e jazda po p ija n e m u p o w in n a by s u ro w o k a ra n a .
M o s t te a ch e rs d o n 't e a rn e n o u g h . - W ikszo n a u czycie li n ie z a ra b ia w y s ta rc z a j c o duo.

M o s t a ccid e n ts a t h o m e h a p p e n b e ca u se o f ca re le ssn e ss. N a jw i c e j w y p a d k w w domu
zdarza si przez nieostrono.
Less (m n ie j), th e le a st (n a jm n ie j) uywane s z rz e c z o w n ik a m i p o lic z a ln y m i w lic z b ie m n o g ie j oraz

z n ie p o lic z a ln y m i:
I e a rn less m o n e y n o w , b u t m y jo b is v e r y in te re s tin g . - Z a r a b ia m te ra z m n ie j p ie n i d zy, ale

p ra c a jest b a rd zo cie ka w a .
There a re less cars on th e streets these d a y s b e c a u s e o f th e h o lid a y s . - Z p o w o d u w akacji

na u lic a c h jest teraz m n ie j s a m o c h o d w .
O u t o f th e w h o le fa m ily , m y m o th e r has th e le a s t p a tie n c e . - Z c a e j ro d z in y m o ja m a m a mo

n a jm n ie j c ie rp liw o c i.
'e w e r (m n ie j), the few e st (n a im n ie i) uyw ane sq tylko z rz e c z o w n ik a m i p o lic z a ln y m i-
Fewer people turned up to the meeting than we had expected.
- N a s p o tk a n iu p 0 |a w ,lo s i,
m n ie j o s b , ni oczekiw a lim y.
D u rin g th e e x a m , he s c o re d the fe w e s t p o in ts . - Podczas e g z a m in u z d o b y t n a jm n ie j punktw
Z A I M K I I O K R E L N IK I
W IC Z E N IA
There aro .... m odels ,o choose from . Please, have a look a. o u r catalogue
a few er
b. plenty of
b. I have .... suits to choose Irom in my wardrobe
a. the fewest
b. several
c. I he sales assistant showed me a few ties, but I liked .... of them,

a. none
b. no
d. I couldn't buy any bread because .... the shops were closed,
a. no
e
ch ild should be denied the rigfit to a happy childhood.
a- no
f.
b. all
b. none
To our surprise, .... people attended the exhibition than we had expected,
a. more
g. I'm afraid
a. several
b. the most
Id o n 't have .... money to help you.
b. enough
h I'm com pletely broke. I have .... money.

a. none
i
o f my neiighbours heard anything when somebody broke into my flat,

a. none
j.
b. no
u,
b. no
no
Jim is the m ost c re a tive in o u r team . H e's got .... ideas,

a. several
b. plenty o f
Przetumacz na j zyk angielski:

a. Wszyscy sp ord m o ic h p rz y ja c i lu b i aktyw nie spdza czas.
b. M u s ia a m je ch a ta ks w k , poniew a nie przyjecha aden autobus.
C o ra z w i re j o s b spdza w a ka cje n a d polskim m orzem , zam iast jecha za g ranic
O trzym a lim y k ilk a cie ka w ych o fe il o d naszych partnerw biznesowych.
N ie m a m y w y s ta rc z a j co d u o pienidzy, eby loiaz spaci poyczk.
M a m y m n stw o czasu, nie musisz si spieszy.
9 N ikt ze znojom yc li M a rk u nie p rzyje ch a p o n ie g o na lotnisko.
h / a d n a dec yzju n ie /o s ta a jeszc ze p o d j ta
^ 7aim KI m o w - _ ----------'9.
zoimkw nieokrelonych naleiq: som e oraz any, ich z o e n ia : som ebody, som eone, somethin
Z0'm
anything, a take n o b o d y , n o th m g , everybody, e ve ryth in g , all, 0nft oroz
"
Do zaimkw nieokreb<
anybody, an yo n e , a n y th in g , o take
zaimki you i th e yr
troch ( ((kj|ka" , jakie ", niektrzy". Zazwy,fCZQj
^rnzai p e * " * n ie o kre lo n .los . . ||ociowych, ktrym pow.cony bdz.e nastpny

Some oroz any *y ^
w ,unkqi okres
samodzie|nie i peni funkcj zaimkw. Some
,0Wr
Y! Czasem jednak, cho duo rzocte,, pop ^ 'Q
h j p ie c z e n ia c h . Na przykad.
like to spe
WG,cWng TY' ' Niek,6,iy
Sorne *people
wakacje
telewizi.
obpe? J q mam troch.
WUNVU|v w domu
------ ogldajc
_
Who's got change? I've got some. - Kto ma (Okies arounc?
....... .........
Who's go. change? I W
had a n y mo re s in o . .h en ?
I got news from Tom last month. And have you had any more since then? - W zeszym miesiqcu
aT
.iv#!f
tpcn^
r . ai
&
miaam wieci od Toma. A od tego czasu miaa jeszcze jakie?

Powszechne w izyku angielskim s zoenia z some i any.
Zaimki s o m e b o d y /
so m eo n e
(ko),
(co) wystpuj zawsze w zdaniach twierdzcych:
s o m e t h in g
Somebody has broken the window. - Kto wybi okno.
tfaatnock
I've got something in my eye. - Co mi wpado do oka.

Zaimki
anybody / an yo n e
(kto) oraz
a n y t h in g
(co) wystpuj w przeczeniach oraz pytaniach:
Is there anyone here? - Czy kto tu jest?
pi
There isn't anything to eat. - Nie ma nic do jedzenia.
:"*oarinc
Zaimki te mog take wystpowa w zdaniach twierdzcych, ale w innym znaczeniu:

(ktokolwiek, kady) oraz a n y t h i n g (cokolwiek, wszystko).
Anybody can do it. - Kady moe to zrobi.
anybody
/ anyone
Anything can happen. Wszystko moe si zdarzy.
flQ
Inne zaimki nieokrelone:

nobody / no one (nikt)
w ic z e n iu .
MP
d* * * . - Nik. i . byl w stania M pom6c p * , " * * *
N" =n, k .w a ^ i 9 .- N ik nic . e . * , . ,
NX,
nothing (nic)
Nothi
Nothing can spoil my mood today. - Ni nie popsuje mi dzi humoru.
b0we90
There is nothing interesting on TV tonight. - Dzi wieczorem w telewizji nie ma nic c
e v e ry b o d y / e v e ry o n e
X
102
t Z
(kady)
r e' bU n ne kneW
U,
w a s . - Pytaam kadego, ale nik. nie * *
ybody l.kes to relax on the beach. - Kady lubi relaksowa si na play.
^ PClq,kUW^ 1 ta -n ,w 0ych
S*
Wi
*1.
c \
\
> \
everything (wwyrtko)
|V lo*f evefyihtngl 5trocilern ws/y*tkol

I fveryth.ng i. going to change *oon. WWy, ^ fl)WfJ(ogo ^ ^
I oil (wi/yv /, wv/stko)
B Thu winner fqki all,
/wyoy/rxj bmf/h //uytlkv
yo u / they / one //y4tpujr; W form/

ogr-lrie pnwdy / opmie, no priyM atj
I
They .oy green tea it heal.hy
n f*O lo b o w | N l w ik a m m nn L
M,/W1 5M?, M zfe)ofto ^
1.1 One never know* whof w ill happen tom orrow
I
(
konltfdnq o v fy , k & wyro/
N<n,i
You con learn o foreign language more ea.ily when you g V X o a d ' 7 2
ki/Jy wyidzie *,9 M granKq.
*
M v a y t if# jfzyiuj
psopI likn spicy food/ while otbors pnsf#r more daficote mal*
b t/ork <s u n p ra d icto b l*
<
i| possible.
........
nov#r know who) th future will bring
d. Knock, knock)
I* thr............................. ........ thara?

has v*ni Mrs I #iw<s photos of h#r husband and hi* lovr
I I'v* hoard you //on a lot f/f moru / on the: lottery Con you tend me
..
can happen.
h W ^w boording it asy a n d fun.
co n try rt,
Both teams play roally //II
, w as destroyed by it fire,
I bid you do it youriftlf or did ..
help you?
hz^ttumac* no j*/yk angieltkt:

o Mdwi si?#/ totWtej nauc/y< .if j^/ykg obcpgo, gdy mipszki sifj /a g ra n fc q
/tf/.r-tulo |>ri
i pfOCO fll# wyn
^ ,
nr. jqlnych kwolifik.rjC|i K o / d y i i a / fJ# 0 ft
^ h o w o to m pomo< y, d i o n nh hi# Erobff
'wumtey w jaktej |t
tfudhf) fytwcK|)
Or rf fMrrriir
f ^ r k to c h o c i" (Qt odwig<i/f| IruJ/e, wle, ie to n/enomowity kro|
g wyMn*/
h- Ki,
00 WMnego < ,y , 4
W)sfO'//j| rite
tolo?
l#1 ,,i5 *JO' /lr<?t ote mki m wie, kk> to byl
riio fHsrv/qikvifty1*1* t"0*0''*
taovt\*
^
5
interrogative pronouns
Z a im k i p y g j
-----------------
"
t l Z c ^ o e ^ o w y c h . N a jw a n ie js z e z n ic h to w h a t (c o ), w h o
*5S
/$ *L
Zoimfc P t: uZyWOOe *
which <try- ktro)Zaimek whot (co)

jaki, ja ka , ja k ie '. G e n e ra ln ie uyw om y g o w odnêsten
Zaimek w h crt odpowiodp polskiemu * c o ' oraz
J * --W*
o*
, -f
s d'
t*
o przedmiotw
W h a t is this
this? - Co to t s t^ ^
_ Wc o bya u b ra na na p rzyj ciu ?
W h a t did you w e a r
W h a t is yo u r new b o y frie n d like ? - Jaki jest tw j now y c h o p a k ?
&
*****
Zaimek w h o (kto) o ra z w h o s e (c z y j)
Zcimek w h o odpowiada polskiemu . k t o '. Naley zw rci u w a g , e p o z a im k u w h o w czasach prosty
(np P re s e n t S im p le iub P a s t S im p le w pytaniu o p o d m io t nie w y s t p u j czaso w nik posikowy, zess,*
szyk zdana twierdzcego. Ilustruj to dw a ostatnie przykady p o n i e j:
W ho is you r best friend? - Kto jest tw oim najlepszym przyja cie le m ?
W h o can answ er this question? - Kto potrafi od p o w ie d zie n o to pytonie?
W ho wants coffee? (nie W ho
wont co ffe e ?,* - Kto chce kawy?
W ho told you all those lies? (me: W fro-otH gii vou a ll those ires-?) - K to p o w ie d z ia ci te wszystbe
^seouro
kamstwa?
Zaimek w h o se odpowiada polskim zaimkom czyj, czyja, czyje, czyi*7.

W hose bag is it? - Czyja to torba?
W hose fault is it? Czyja to wina?
wJangi
-o
Whom jest form dopenie,ow zoimko w h o , ktro jest bliska p o ls k ie m u k o m u , k o g o , k im '. N ote
iednok pamita, ze jest ono coroz rzadszo i powoli wychodzi z uycia, za st p o w a n o powszechnie P*
Whomdid you see? lub Who d id y o u see? - Kogo widziae?
kino?
y 9 " * anem a? lub W ih
^ 0 d id
y u 9 0 to
00^
cine m a? - Z kim p o s a d o
Zaimek w h ic h (ktry)
k,re" (sPo i r d kilku ), m ona g o uzywo z*><*>*
w odniesieniu do p rze d îo t w ^ T

Which shoes nr
' Sb:
W
hich. exercises
U /L.
------'es nave you
wh' * * b . !c=y ,
t0 d.r? / ? K,re buty dzi

zaoysz?
uy w
ozysz*
? kis
Ktra scena fj|mu bya najlepsza?
104
d, Pczqtlc(j
! 0aan5owonych
w .
Zadaj p y ta n ie d o z d a n ia :
0. Mary is washing the dishes. W h o .....................................................
^
^
b. I bought a book for Mike. W h a t...................................................

I
c lam looking for my glasses. W h a t .....................................
.................
d. This car belongs to my boss. Whose .
e. We should invite Mark. W hom ...................................................

I
......
f. Jane will help me prepare the party. Who

q. Steve told me your secret. W h o
...............................
2
h. The black suitcase belongs to me. Which

1. I prefer the red dress. W h ich ..............
!
..........................................
j. I spoke to your secretory on the phone. To whom

______
Zapytaj o podkreslonq cz zd a n ia :
a. Mgik broke his leg.
..........
b. I met my old English teacher in the park.

c. I like the long, black dress the most.
:
.........................................................................................................................................................
d. We only invited our closest family and friends to the wedding.

e. You should ask Jane to help you with your French.
f- Ifim is responsible for research and development in our company.
g. Billy ate your chocolate cake.

..........................
car is blocking the gate.
_______ ____
h6
Z a im k i
r , - >
i okrelniki rozdzielcze
, w p r o n o u n s and determiners
n , / d , U / y * i.
OWW, ody musimy do kon a wyboru midzy osobami h*
N n iilm r - . * . both .M y,/*, /<wwn dw ch (v/.dm iotw lub osb;

o th e r
o th e r,
other,
wiU/*| (jn/py
6,6,1, either, neither & both

(Julin / 11/yt*n 111 in./ hyc utywony in/mu / i/ri( /ownikiem lub /nimkinm w liczbie pojedynczej,
<, inh bMMiM.I/ittlhif krelnik len wy*ljpu|e k ik e * f w /lutwnlach / zaimkami e i t h e r o f u s / t h e m /
t lili
yu / ih n te ilil
h o y o u w o o l m o p m
mi
I d o n 't m in d , I'll h a v e e i l h e i
c he*/ /upt> c/y s te k ?
Wszystko
<|nm jedno t Iw*m Ii (wt/yMko Im iiut, t* nlbo to)
i loiotot Ml llio.ili?
I ithai fi (Ilia ly ma
kino <. y trulli?
iimt ma Ion it. t In in op 1 1m |l<j< a I nimi of u i cun do it
Imino / dwi h mi posuje

Ktoi tu musi posprzta Jedno z nas
jrnhi
N elthei (<mlv>i ksO.li) j*t tak/e nzywony i i.-m/rwnikiem M> zaimkiem w Ik zbie pojedynczej lub
ontiMikipImiu Wy
t ot vs doimun h neither of us
th e m
you th o s e ikl Okreslnik ten
nliM*u|e xii* |uk |Hm toma, vvl<p . oownik vs ktimt me vmnô |v/ oimy pi/eczqcei
Ihi yoi wtnt unip oi taokf
Nelthei one.
t hies: mp v s tlnkv
Nie chc< .wdnogo i tyck
tkvOv h
W \*m \ m t h e a t r e ?
N e it h e r lutt m e
kino a \ teolHr
Wlui I U|H|| lo leo n op the p late you or Tomt

i *mio
Aulne t dwx\h
Neither of es
hove
Ravine iwt
Perl* (o I mj oh(a ohote)

MWe wyvtytOvvnC t i un rownik nn toimMeny |u^ So
krf4(\ie r e h ath of o t 4 them y o u thoeertd*
toil hsy * ssata token to rhe h o o d m n t t e f Km m ttb e h a v H U ) Ofewfoo h k \X v .
do
.*
n<*
**> tu
mi
pWMriu W o. (ok , m b *m k
p ie te n l* Km
v howK^te vxtktu
Mm
U o th o t y o u
ippla pief
.
W v n
t u o w o * sVs> m \V $ o t v
I ion I knv'M I | <# hWK
. >
*
** **
^
v ^s\> v :w v\ v. x>
^ iw te ia
6. ZAIM KI I O K R E IN IK I
6.2. another, the other(s) & other(s)

(inny, nastpny, jeszcze jeden) wystpuje w roli okrelnika przed rzeczownikiem w liczbie
Ljjedynczej lub samodzielnie jako zaimek:
Can I have a n o th e r p ie c e o f c a k e ? Czy mog dosta leszcze jeden kawaek ciasto?
One man held th e d o o r , a n o th e r b r o u g h t in th e b o x e s . Jeden mczyzna trzyma drzwi, inny
A n o th e r
wnis puda.
O th e r (inne, inni) wystpuje z rzeczownikiem w liczbie mnogiej lub z zaimkiem ones:
| liked the film , b u t o th e r p e o p le s a id it w a s b o r in g .
Mnie si ten film podoba, ale inni ludzie
mwili, e by nudny.
When I was at s c h o o l, o th e r p u p ils use d to la u g h a t m e.
Kiedy byam w szkole, nni uczniowie
miali si ze mnie.
I like these shoes, b u t c a n y o u s h o w m e som e o th e r o n e s?
Podobajq mi si te buty, ale czy rno/n
mi pani pokaza inne?

Others (inne, inni) wystpuje zawsze samodzielnie w roli zaimka:
Some people like to g o to th e s e a s id e , o th e rs p r e fe r th e m o u n ta in s .
morze, inni wolq gry.
Jedni lubiq jedzi nod
The o th e r (ten drugi) wystpuje zawsze z rzeczownikiem w liczbie pojedynczej lub z zaimkiem o n e
We took on tw o n e w e m p lo y e e s . O n e re s ig n e d q u ic k ly , b u t th e o th e r m a n p r o v e d to b e
a brilliant salesman. - Zatrudnilimy dwch nowych pracownikw. Jeden szybko zrezygnowa, ale
ten drugi okaza si wietnym sprzedawc.
I have two y o u n g e r b ro th e rs , o n e is fiv e , th e o th e r o n e is e ig h t y e a rs o ld .
Morn dwch
modszych braci, jeden ma pi, a drugi osiem lat.
I like this shirt, but I'll take the other one. - Podoba mi si ta koszula, ale wezm t dnjgq
The o th e rs (inni, ci drudzy) wystpuje zawsze samodzielnie, bez rzeczownika w roli zaimka
There ore two distinctive g ro u p s in o u r P arty. W e s u p p o rt the re fo rm s , th e o th e rs a r e s tr o n g ly

against them. - W naszej partii sq dwie wyrane grupy. My popieramy reformy, ,nni sq zdecydowanie
WIELKA O..MATTKA ZKKA ANGIELSKIEGO
6 6 3 Konstrukcje either... or.., / neither..,
nor... / both... o n d ...

W konstrukcji
(albo..., albo...) mog wystpowa zarwno rzeczowniki, czasw*,,;
e it h e r ... o r ...
przymiotniki, jak i zaimki.

. .
. ., ..
HI have either a glass o f w in e o r just an o ra n g e |u ic e . - Napii si albo k.el.szek wina, olbofylkc
soku pomaraczowego.
W e ll either g o on fo o t o r ta ke a ta x i. - Albo pjdziemy piechot, albo wemiemy takswk.
Podobnie w konstrukcji
n e it h e r ...
n o r ...
(ani.., ani...) mog wystpowa rzeczowniki, czasownik,
przymiotniki oraz zaimki.

Jane's new b o yfrie n d is n e ither in te llig e n t n o r h a n d s o m e . - Nowy chopak Jane nie jest on
inteligentny, ani przystojny.

I eat neither m eat no r fish. - Nie jem ani misa, ani ryb.
Analogicznie w przypadku b o t h ...

przymiotnikw i zaimkw.
a n d ...
(zarwno..., jak i....) moemy uy rzeczownikw, czasownikw,
Both M a ry and Tom to o k th e ir d riv in g tests last w e e k . - Zarwno Mary, jak i Tom zdowol;
w zeszym tygodniu egzamin na prawo jazdy.

Both diving and clim bin g are d a n g e ro u s sports. - Z arw no nurkow anie, jak i wspinaczko to
niebezpieczne sporty.
WICZENIA
Uzupenij zdania either , neither lub both:
a.
W o u ld
you
lik e c o f f e e o r te a ? -
.................................. s Q K
fo r m e .
accident a n d t h e y w e r e
c. Whot shall we listen to? Miles Davis or Woyne Shorter? - .
b.
I to ld
m y p a re n ts a b o u t th e
d.
M um
e.
T o m ! J . m i .................................. o f y o u ! C o m e
f.
T h e s e a s i d e o r t h e m o u n t a i n s , ..........................
g.
u
I w o u ld
sh o cke d
to
h e o r such
, don't |ike joc
a s k e d m e o n d m y b r o t h e r t o h e l p h e r i n t h e g a r d e n , b u , ................................. o f u s h a d t i m e t o d o H
.
4
a s k K a te
.
o n d
,
Jane
4
to
,
,
h e lp
to th e k itc h e n
r ig h t a w a y !
sound:
m e
p re p a re
g o o d to m e
th e d in n e r , b u t
. .
<
1M
fe e l lik e
g o in g
J
lh e m
aw ay.
c o n r e a lly
cook.
h.
new s.
W h ic h d re s s d o y o u
lik e , th e r e d o n e o r th e g r e e n o n p ?
I h a te d re s s e s .
6. Z A I M K I I O K H l S L N I K I
jm
vVyl'H i / prawldtowq o d p o w ie d i:
KE II,,,
ISslujl.lly clamoflod Can you show mo
b another
|, tinondiiinfti seem* .1 little irmxpenoncod but
.........
11 olhor
one?
<1 ''I'''
, borne people in oui office 00 oul lor lime li

,1, other,
b o lh o T ......
k
"
"
.
'Ch8S " 1ey brin
h o im .
,1 Alt. 1I1 explosion son. people wet token 0 ho*Dltel

n olhei
b. the other
' " v,t,,ms wer 'â to d ot the scene.
the Mile is delicious I Can I have

" ,,,(i a,ho'
piece?
b. another
*^ T 2 T bi"- MtenB h*- *'*-*
h the other
,b
another
h tttiu m a c * no j f * y k a n g to tik i:
a
\\. i\>P|o ivKuno a m ro6 | k ito m s w ic n b io li, : v m o j b m t s tia c it p fa c ^
t> Vt'îVvd; r-My do Ktnv oU>o opu'Mnn :nojom>vh : obrr-MON p a rtilm a w no DVD
mawno Moy |ok jf>| norc*ony Toro ntg c hcq dutagopntyj^da weseJngo.
N t '\\My\ am somoi hodu, ctni ptavva |tudy
v>stvv^puj^:
vnvans olbo :nwygnvjs$z : proey
h'isio ShMtiu stodu,e . biology, I chemit}
W IE L K A G R A M A T Y K A J Z Y K A A N O i i l S K l i O O
6.7. Zaimki
Zoimki wzajemne
w z a je m n e
e a ch o th e r
oraz
R eciprocal p ro n o u n^
o n e a n o th e r
(wzajemnie, nawzajem, midzy sobq) dotyQ
midzy dwiema lub wicej osobajm, Mogq one byt* u/yweme zamiennie:
H o w lo n g h a v e y o u a n d M a rk k n o w n e a c h o th e r?
Jak dugo znano si / Markiem?
I'v e h e a rd th a t Sue a n d G in a d o n 't lik e o n e a n o th e r?
Syszaam, e Sue i Ginn
ma ,
,
lubiq
jl
nawzajem.
In m y fa m ily , w e a ll tru s t o n e a n o th e r. - W naszej rodzinie ufamy sob.o nawzajem.
Nie naley myli zaimkw wzajemnych / zaimkami zwrotnymi:

Blotce a n d Sa r a l i W th e m selves. Znaczyoby to: Blake i Sara lubiq si (lubiq samych siebie)
B lake a n d S a ra like ach o th e r.
Blake i Sara lubiq si nawzajem.
6 . 8 . Zaimki zwrotne i emfatyczne

Reflexive and intensive pronouns_____
Z a im k i z w ro tn e
Zaimki zwrotne odpowiadojgee polskiemu si, sobie, siebie, sobq" majq w izyku angielskim rno formy
w zalenoci od osoby. Oto one:
Z a im e k o s o b o w y
Z a im e k z w ro tn y
m y s e lf
you
y o u rs e lf
be
h im s e lf
she
h e rs e lf
it
its e lf
we
o u rs e lv e s
you
y o u rs e lv $
they
th e m s e lv g j
O to przykladowe zdania:
I burnt m yse lf while cooking. Sp0rZyfam si
,
You must learn to look after yourself
^
9 ui(l c*
A re you e n jo y in g yo u rse lve s ?
Dobr7o s i^ b a l.v
dboci sieb,e
gramatyka j
^ yka
AISIi>,ICfc'
WIELKA
Uzu H ii zdonio p o d "/ 2 m l0m i:

each other
yourselves
itself
himself
y urself
myself
a. Mary and Jim are perfect for
ourselves
one another
it's a perfect slat! lor a long friendship
b, II two people trust....................

c j cu|
................................while peeling the potatoes.
d. Did you really make this c a k e ............................................ ^
e. Dear friends, I'm sorry but I can't help you, you'll hove to m a n a g e ..................
I. Jim has found.........................................a new apartment in the city centre.
g. This problem will sooner or later solve................................... ...........
h. We must stop blaming.......................................... lor this situation. It's not our fault.
[ J W yb ie rz p ra w id lo w q o d p o w ie d z ;
a. I've heard Jane talk to .......

b. Me and my neighbour don't lik e .......
c. He's so selfish! He thinks only o f .......
d. We must support.... jn (Kis difficult situation
e. They've bought.... a brand new sofa.
Help
to another piece of cake
9 Me and my best friend always buv
h Hwe don't trust .. we should break up^
a. itself
b. herself
a. each other
a. one another
b . him self
a. each other
I), ourselves
a. each olher
themselves
your so If
o Yourself
m yself
a eQch olher
h ourselves
a.
b . on e another
o u rs e lv o s
ourselves
6 .9 .
Zaimki i okrelniki wskazujce

Dem onstrative p ro n o u n s a n d d e te rm in e rs
W jzyku angielskim okrelnik wskazujcy przyjmuje w liczbie pojedynczej form t h i s , w liczbie mnogiej
za - th e s e . Odnosi si on do osb, przedmiotw oraz zjawisk bliskich mwicemu w czasie i przestrzeni.
polskim okrelnikom ten, ta, to, te, ci". Na przykad:
this com pute r (ten komputer) - these c o m p u te rs (te komputery),
this engineer (ten inynier) - th e s e e n g in e e rs (ci inynierowie).
O dpow iad a
W odniesieniu do osb, przedmiotw oraz zjawisk odlegych mwicemu, w liczbie pojedynczej uyjemy
okrelnika t h a t, a w liczbie mnogiej - t h o s e . Odpowiadaj one polskim okrelnikom tamten, tamta,
tamto, tamte, tamci". Na przykad:
that w in d o w (tamto okno) th o s e w in d o w s (tamte okna),
that man (tamten mczyzna) - th o s e m en (tamci mczyni).
Okrelniki peni rol zaimkw wskazujcych, gdy wystpuj samodzielnie, bez

Oto przykadowe zdania:
W hat is this? - Co to jest?
Give me that! - Daj mi to!
These books a re m ine a n d those a re y o u rs . - Te ksiki s moje, a tamte twoje.
rzeczownika.
Do okrelnikw wskazujcych zaliczamy take swko s u c h , ktre wystpuje w niezmienionej formie
z rzeczownikami w liczbie pojedynczej i mnogiej. Jego znaczenie odpowiada polskiemu taki, taka, takie,
tacy". Rzeczowniki policzalne w liczbie pojedynczej po s u c h wystpuj zawsze z przedimkiem nieokrelonym
a ub a n . S uch czy si z rzeczownikiem lub z rzeczownikiem i okrelajcym go przymiotnikiem.
Na przykad:
Such a person sh o u ld n e v e r be a llo w e d in this fa n c y c lu b .
wpuszczono do tego eleganckiego klubu.
Taka osoba nie powinna by
It was such an in te re stin g s to ry th a t w e c o m p le te ly lost tra c k o f tim e . - To bya toko ciekawa
historia, ze kompletnie stracilimy poczucie czasu.

o rwnaj uycie such i przyswka so w Rozdziale 5.5 .
'yfeobca.pl
dla poczqtkuiqcych . zaawansowanych
a. (To)............................ w
b. Who ore (ci).............................people?
c. Does (ten)...........................colour suit me?
d. (To)
place is absolutely beautiful I
e I prefer (tamte)
shoes on the upper shelf.
f. How much are (te)...........................oranges?
g. Excuse me, is (ten)...........................your pen?
h. Look at (tamte)............................ houses on the hillj
i. (C i)............................are my friends, Tim and Sally.
j. (Tamta)............................ girl over there is my sister.
k. What's (tamten)............................ terrible noise?
I. I need a copy of (te)........................... documents.
a. Przepraszam , czy to miejsce jest zajte?

b. Tamta restauracjo, w ktrej bylimy, byo bardzo drogo
re buty podoboiq ci si bardziej? Te czy tamte?
oko odwoga powinno by nagrodzono
e. Tako kobieto to skorb.
!;
ten CZerWOny d o c h d naley do ciebie?
9 - Kim |est tamto kobieta no zdjciu?
V
i .
;k
**> < * w * * ,
iJCLjglml w z g l o r i M r
^ IS l l ^ R r o n o u n s
'O . to?, t o ^ i f c " J * nlaeh
V,
' s01 who1 (eo1 '
odnosz, a przed okrelajca

krycl)*- W zdaniu
* *Un^c'' zaikw wzgldnych > Sf>
**too omwione w Rozdziale k pr/ydow,T Uycie z a im k T ^ ^ n P n e <xo*r)iku. o ktrego
kuzynka.
7 9 ,he P'ono is ,y Cq
0 P^ydawkowe".
The book whichU made WQS real'y del

' y" ^
0 " P' n,n,e' * ^
S 0n 'he tab|e is Mary's'U
/upa' ktrg zrobie b t
Ks,gzko
I
^ PVna
na stole, naley do Mary.
114
/JUi pO Ciqlku\q<tych i i.a<>wan*Qv*onyc\ \
7. Rrzyltnkl Prepositions
7.1.
Priyimki
ciasu Prepositions of tim&
I'uyiiith no|* /v5, 'I idywane w akitnllenlai li /asawyi It to oii cil, In *11/ hum Inne pr/ylrnM(lau <
by until (till) (*> I ' In'* Iter, while mu dm lay
7 11 Przyimki on, at, in

IV iy im a k o l s t o g o w o n y |as>l y t a w m e i d u o k t e i l e n k i y o c l n n y o r a / p o i y J u k i , n r j p i y M o d
u t k ix o ' c l o c k ( o Q o c l j i o i b ) ,
at lunchtim e
ut 12 o'clock (g yocJ/ioi 12 ),
at 10 40 (o godiinjo IQ,40),
ot midday (w polwdnie, o 12 .00 ),
ut midnight (o poluocy),
uf d a w n (0 twicie),
a t duik (o n mai/. hu),
(It sunet (a in. hod/.a sdon, a),
*<t kimmu (o wtchodfcio slorti a)
(w p o u e
km h u ),
I II iiitsol you at )jx ut the Itha Spolkuniy siq w biaf/a < t/6 slaj
We, 1 laoviny at dqwo. WyvtiKfiiuy o Swk la
Pnyimek at utywany |st tuk a w wyruionjac 1
ut the moment (w tym rnameru ie, tqrni),
Ut illy lit (w ftocy),
ut I liriktnicn (w wic^tn fkvjego Nmd/emu).
at the *ame moment (w ia| aunttt|hwili).
ti tlie kame ini (w tym samyin asie, iGwnat uduie).
w . D|ov
a t |n e & e n t (o b tn .n ia
td h i/)
the weekend (* waakrnd).

at weekend* (w weakendy).
at Ilia ago ul (w wteku )
(It
......
wMkend w wnoUnilv g.umy w tanisu

1 can't help you ot the
i moment, t i'n
Im t.nsv
owiy Nle nuiiiw <(ile ia / pom6( je^tem
Pffpfnttk on uiywuny
priede wb/y.tk
. nuiwamt dot tycmrinla oru< konk*etOymi datnnu.

on FricUiy
(wpiqtki),
u ,
........, , v a 5
on M o n d a y (w p o , rd a k ).
on N e w Yeor * D o y (w N q w y Kok),
an oui
w e d d in y d a y
*|*,s,y
(w d u ia n u s ie p a iii
ftluhu)
..,!
, l6
...........m & )
on my b irth ilu y w nu>|e vinnUiny)
>1 h rn tim n D a y (w duly H o ie ya I -lumddenui)
On M fm lu y t I a lw a y i go to tho uy">
I WOI horn on S*
M oy,
IV 6 A
* * ........ ^
Untnlmt H, * mvi|M U n i mho
1U | yry huppy on my w .d d in g
ito y
W UWu n v i r r * M *
< >*'
......
. (1|
tt
.N O I 1" 50
WIELKA
m
d u s z y m i p r z e d z ie la m ! c z a s u :
p tt^ o A -
e p o k a m i, n o
"in the morning
p o r a m i d n ia ,
the a fte rn o o n
in
in J a n u a ry
(ro n o ),
m ie s i c a m i, p o r a m , ^
(w
(p o
p o u d n iu ) ,
s ty c z n iu ) ,
in the evening (wieczorem),
n the su m m e r (latem),
n M a y
jn 1 7 8 9
(w m a ju ) ,
in 2 0 0 8
in th e
(w 2 0 0 8 r o k u ) ,
1 7 8 9
fu tu re
1 7 ,h c e n t u r y ( w X V I I w i e k u ) ,
in t h e M i d d l e
jw
in t h e m o r n i n g ?
, h o p e t o s t u d y L o w in t h e f u t u r e . -
je li
(w
ro k u ),
p r z y s z o c i) ,
p r z e s z to c jj
A g e s (w r e d n io w ie c z u ) ,
W h o . d o y o u u s u a lly d o
U w aga!
(w
C o z a z w y c z a j r o b is z
p r z y s z o c i c h c i a b y m
m o rn in g , a f t e r a o n , e v e n i n g
o k r e le ,o m
on,
t y g o d n i a , s t o s u je m y p r z y i m e k
ro n o ?
s tu d .o w o
n ig h t
lu b
fi
p ra w o .
to w a rz y s z y
o k r e le n .e
-to
dnio
n a p r z y k a d :
,
o n S u n d a y m o r n in g (w n ie d z ie l r a n o ) ,
oilheenrf inll'efl
o n F r id a y e v e n in g (w p i t e k w ie c z o r e m ) ,
wM
o n S u n d a y n ig h t (w n ie d z ie ln n o c ) .
Ittabogo few days 0

I h a t e g e t t i n g u p in t h e m o r n i n g .
N ie z n o s z w s t a w a
ja
ra n o .
ale:
O n
Hxqht He wcs shy fc

S a tu r d a y m o r n in g s w e a lw a y s g o
c y c lin g .
s o b o tn ie
p o ra n k i za w sze
j e d z i m y n a row erze.
oleostutecrcei
P r z y im e k I n u y w a n y je s t t a k e d Q w y r a e n i a p r z y s z o c i :
i n a m o m e n t (z a c h w i l ) ,
r
.
,
in a t e w h o u r s (z a p a r g o d z i n )
in
re w
,n
w e e k
in a fr * w
i l
'* "
S h e w ill tu rn
1 8 in a f e w
m in u te s
za p a r
, ,
T
za
ty d z ie
m in u t ,
1 do
w eeks' H m .
M y v is a r u n s o u t in f iv e m o n t h s
'
^*Qdoy
-fridoy
'
8 ,0t zo
w ,z a t r a c i w a n o z a
k ilk a
ty g o d n i.
^Jy,
m ie s i c y .
I n n e z a s t o s o w a n ia p r z y i m k w o n , a t , i n
r o k r e le n ia m i n e x t ( n a s t p n y )
next w e k
w e e k (w p r z y s z y m t y g o d n . n )
e r y y e a r (c 0 r o k u ) ,
|a s t ,
*, e n '
e v e rr
lo s , F r id a y
(k a d y )
(w
n ie
^1*
u y w a m y adneg
z e s z y p ig t e k ) ,
" ^str
W h a t w e re v a n
A*
m o n ^
(w ty m
m ie s i c u ) .
: .Ih?%
%
690 la' igujemy.
dla
poctu,qcych
*Oav,anic>wonyh
7. P R Z Y I M K I
, rr*
,eSfQcomi
time
0 n
in tim e:
w y ro e n i
w s a m ro z n a ..., z z a p a s e m
"
i r *
oznacza
d o k a d n ie
(lotem),
k o n fe r e n c ja z a c z a
na
G/as,
p u n k tu a ln ie
, in tim e
c z a s u " , n a p r z y k a d :
There were no delays, the conference began >D time.
1'
59 ^ u ),
P ro c i),
toresrfoici).
e on time
N ie
b y o a d n y c h o p n ie ,
s i p u n k t u a l n i e .
You are just in time for dessert.
P r z y s z e d e w s a m
B at the beginnig / in the beginning:
ro z rta d e s e r
at the beginning o z n a c z a na p o r / g i k u
c z e g o " , | a k i e g o w y d a r z e n i a l u b p r o c e s u , in the beginning l o n a j p i e r w , n a p o c z t k u , p r z e d
i n n y m i w y d a r z e n i a m i " , m o n a j e s t o s o w a z a m i e n n i e z at first ( n a j p i e r w ) , n a p r z y k a d .
The teacher checked our homework gt the beginning of our class. N a u c z y i e l s p r a w d z i n a s z e
p ro c e d o m o w e n a p o c z q tk u
w y r a e n ie
le k c ji.
in the beginning, I thought he was shy, but he turned out to be very friendly.
m y l a a m , z e je s t n i e m i a y , a l e
at the end / in the end:

k o c u c z e g o " , in the end
p o te m
o k a z a s i b a r d z o
a n a lo g ic z n ie
w
d o
N o jp ie r w
p r z y ja c ie ls k i.
p o p r z e d n ie j p a r y
at the end o z n a c z a n a
z a s t q p i o n e at last l u b fin a lly,
w y ra e ,
k o c u , o s t a t e c z n ie " , k t r e m o e b y
n o p r z y k a d :
I'm taking a few days off gf the end of this month.
Pod
k o n ie c
te g o
m ie s i c a
b io r
k ilk a
dm
wolnego.
I thought he was shy, but in the end he turned out to be very friendly.
n ie m ia y , a le o s t a t e c z n ie o k o z o s i b a r d z o
z / s z e j e d z i m y n o row--
M y la a m ,
je s t
p r z y ja c ie ls k i.
w ic z e n ia
s ( z a p a r m in u t ) ,
| |
dzie),
)dni.
y) nie uywa
Podaj odpow iedni przyim ek:

a ...................................m i d d a y
f.
............................... F r i d a y
................................. s ix o ' c l o c k
c ................................... F r i d a y a f t e r n o o n
h.
^ ...................................J u n e
6 ................................... t h e a g e o l
I.........................night
dusk
................................ t h e f i r s t d a y o f s c h o o l
Podaj odpow iedni przyim ek:
0 ............... .
Christmas day
................................... p r e s e n t
s z y p i t e k ) ,
......................... t h e M i d d l e A g e s
c .................................
n m ie s i c u ) .
a fe w
f ..............................
... th e s a m e m o m e n t
g ..................................... 6 " o f M a r c h
m in u te s
th e w e e k e n d
h ......................................s u n r i s e
..................................t h e f u tu r e
e...................... 1999
^ ytoobcn.pi
rflo poctqlkuiqcych i lawcm.owonych
117
angielskiego
WIELKA
gram atyka
y b ie r z
0 . w e
b.
J|Z Y KA
p r o w id fo w q
o fte n
g o
th e e n d
o d p o w e d z :
o u t
o f th e
story,
" ^
t e
r s
g e t m o r r ie d .
C. w h a t are you doing .... C
back .... a moment.
d
e
f
g
h
r il
i.
Where are you going .... this summer?
i-
We spoke ... the same moment.
k.
1
I..
Children usually g o to s c h o o l.... the age o f seven.
be
! have a cup of coffee .... every mo

B e c a u s e o f th ic k
fo g , th e
p la n e
w a s
u n ^ ^
I didn't want to go cam ping, Du ....

Pieose come back .... time for dinner.
on
in
on
in
b.
b.
b.
b
in
at
ot
ot
a.
a.
a.
a.
o.
in
on
in
on
in
b.
b.
b.
b.
b.
b.
b.
b.
b.
b.
in
ot
in
in
at
ot
on
in
a. at
a. in
a. in
i graduate from school .... two months tim e,
m. The meeting d id n 't s ta rt.... time, because the ch a irm o n
o.
a.
a.
a.
was iate.
o Practically .... the beginning o f the film , the p lot was re ve a le d .
o. in
a. at
.<
!'WOJ__
7.1.2. Przyimki for oraz since

Obydwa przyimki, fo r oraz sin ce , s tumaczone na jzyk polski jako od" lub przez". Ich uycie w jzyku
angielskim ê est jednak wymienne, o znalezienie polskiego odpowiednika bywa trudne. Obydwa te
przyimk. stosowane sq gwnie w czasach P r e s e n t P e r f e c t oraz P r e s e n t P e r f e c t C o n t in u o u s .
Przyimek
fo r
stosowany jest do okrelenia dugoci trwoni jakiej czynnoci wskazujc na przedziel
T tor
oIU minutes {przez 10 minut, ,0 miQ, krel ny cP Czq,ek
Lraz. kon'ec:. . .
for o few years (przez kilka lat),

T
[p n e i m'eS'qc)'
for many years (przez wiele lat),
, d y (przez 'eden dzie>'
for a weekend (na weekend)
9eS *przez laa)'
I lived in London for o few years Prze, l ,.
We've been friends for ages ) , <
Mieszkaam w Londynie.
9
emy przyjacimi od lat.
Przyimek sin ce rwnie stosowany jest w rei
wskozuje on moment jego rozpoczciemc* childhood (od dziecislwo),
Since I wa* o cUH !' 1 ,9 dziny trzeciej),
trwania jakiego zdarzenia, .gdnok

S:nCe Mo"day (od poniedziaku),
ostatnio widziQ
|em^
----1 ve known Jim since
7. PRZYIMKI
W IC Z E N IA
Wpisz odpow iedni przyim ek for lub since:

a
c.
Christm os day
h ..................
a year
i ................... ............last M o n d a y
five years
a few days
i ....................
k ...................
last April
1....................
yesterday
m ..................
a year
n ...................
Uzupenij zdania odpow iednim i przyim kam i
for lub since:
o. I haven't seen M ik e .......................... years now!

b. Jone and Paul have been fighting
c. I've been re a d in g
..................... breakfast.
hours. M y eyes are tired now.
d. I've worked h e r e ........................... April.

e. It's been snowing ........................... last Friday.
f. We've been w aiting for y o u
...............
three o'clock!
g. We've been w aiting for y o u ......................... alm ost an hour!
przez*. lchu:*oet
h. You should bake this c a k e ......................... one hour.
) bywo trudne CV- |
e r fe c t Continuom
|. I'd love to get a w a y ...........................a few days a t least.
The man was sen te n ce d ......................... three m onths in prison.
k Tom hasn't c a lle d
sci wskozuiqc w F
we last spoke.
I've been trying to forget about h im ........................... almost six months.
!C
miesic),
fen dzie),
nie
iok
poniedi'0^ ^
u 1989),
^ obco.pl
ctlo poczqtUiqcych i zawansowanych
119
a n g ie l s k ie g o
a m a t y k a je y k a
w ie lk a GR
czasu: from, to, until

<tae przyinlki
a hii
a
7.1.3. Pozosta
P
o ra z forfag
(till), after, before, wn
.............
t r o z p o c z c ia
ja k ie j
c z y n n o c i.
W y s t p u je
c z s to w r a z J to
ôd:
a*
ft*
a m o n th fr o m
now
(za miesic od teraz).
W .V . g i g to Spoin o d l, o mon* Irom today. - Dokadnie 20 mtasqc od dzti IKbiam, *

Hiszpanii.
Czasami zamiennie z przyimkiem t o uywany moe by przyimek t i l l (do, o do, dopki), ktry wskazuj
jak dugo, do jakiego momentu bdzie trwao jakie wydarzenie. Identyczne znaczenie co t i l l ma przyimek
u n t i l , lea uywany jest on tylko wtedy, gdy znany jest moment zakoczenia czynnoci, a nie wiadome
kiedy si rozpoata. Na przykad:
f r o m n i n e t i l l f i v e (od godziny 9 do godziny 5),
f r o m M o n d a y t i l l F r i d a y (od poniedziaku do pitku),
until she comes (dopki nie przyjdzie),
u n t i l n e x t F r i d a y (a do nastpnego pitku),
u n t i l f i v e o ' c l o c k (do pitej),
u n t i l n o w (do obecnej chwili).
is on leave until next Friday - lim
I'm at the office till five - j estPm u- ' *
J im
2woln,en,u do nastpnego pitku.
w b iu r z e d o p i t e j.
P^
rf,! r 0r i0 a o po' . no przykadoftTh' u 0Ck,P 9 dzin'e smej).

er rea ost (po niodoniu),
1 ",d
Z
* * *
Z
* * *
t l ' Z
9odz
,nc* pit).
7 onf o r T , ^ d i n n e r
^ after tomorrow (pojutrze),
Z * - ,
PO piei.
n'e P^^tawal pado deszcz.
th
D o n 't
* * *
P r z y im e k b e f o r e
'
7.1.4- W
SUnr'se (przed wschodem stoco).

y before yesterday (przedwczoroj)
109 be,0r breakfQst ;eJed^lod

'odaniem id pobiega.
PociqtL
iic y c h i
I0Qw>n,o*onyth
srltonday x
k.jms'doc
t)r . ds
leSeekbym
7. PR2YIM KI
while ora/ during tumaczone sq jako podczas, podczas gdy, kiedy", jednak sq stosowane
in n y c h k o n s t r u k c j a c h . During uywane jest zawsze z rzeczownikiem, na przykad:
' during the film (podczas filmu),
d u rin g o u r h o lid a y s (podczas wakacji),
during the p e rfo rm a n ce (podczas przedstawienia), d u rin g the n ig h t lub in the n ig h t (w nocy)
Jim fell asleep d u rin g the lectu re.
Jim zasnql podczas wykadu.

I usually lie on the b e a ch d u rin g m y h o lid a y s .
Podczas wakacji zazwyczaj le no play.
while uywany jest zawsze w zdaniach podrzdnie /oonych, na przykad:

Jim fell asleep w hile he w as w a tc h in g TV. Jim zasng, gdy oglgda telewizj.
While I was preparing dinner, m y husband w as setting the table. Podczas gdy ja przygotowywaam
y im e k
k o la c j , m j m q n a k r y w a d o
s t o u .
7 14 Przyimek by
Przyimek by oznacza a/ do, nie pniej ni/". Okrela moment w przyszoci, do ktrego czynno powinna
y' ukoczona, ale nie wyznacza konkretnego terminu |ej wykonania Na przykad:
by M onday (do poniedziaku) nie wiadomo dokadnie kiedy, ale nie pniej ni w poniedziaek,
by three o'clo ck (do trzeciej),
by now (do obecnej chwili).
Be back by m idnight!
Wr przed pnocg!
Projekt musi by skoczony przed 1 maja.

Sally should be here b y no w . W h e re is she? Sally powinna ju tu by Gdzie ona jest?
Jhe project should be finished b y M a y 1*.
i/y11ri,>Vby uywany jest take w wyraeniu b y t h e t im e ( s o m e t h i n g h a p p e n s / h a p p e n e d ) , ktre

Wystpuje w zdaniac h zoonych w znaczeniu zanim, kiedy":
Hurry up! By the time w e g e t to the shop, e v e ry th in g w ill have been sold . Pospiesz si! Zanim
dojed/iemy do sklepu, wszystko bdzie wyprzedane.
Ry the time we a rrive d a t the cam psite, i* w as d a rk .
Kiedy dojechalimy na kempinq byo iuz
c ie m n o .
*"'wlo'rWtK. i
din pOcclkujgcych
WIELKA
gramatyka
J ^ y KA
ANGIE** i ' "
j* r. . &
W IC Z E N IA
u * , * t a * odP.-i.d P ^ k< i:
, r
a. W e'll wait for S u s a n ..................
.v . i :
she com es.
b. First, I'll do some shopping and
^ a f (/)
................
c le a n
th e
h o u se .
'
? . i t * ''
c I had no idea they had got d iv o rc e d ,

.............
d Yesterday I was a . Jane's and the d a y ..............ye ste rd a y I w e n t to
.rfS J *-
the enema w,th John.
e. The audience was s tu n n e d ...................... he w h o le p e rfo rm a n c e ^
: <0
f. I have to finish this p ro je c t......................M o n d a y , o th e rw is e m y b o s s w ill b e fu rio u s .

g. I rarely get u p ......................nine o 'c lo c k on Sundays. I lik e to sta y in b e d .
h. I work the night s h ift: ...................... 10 p .m .............................6 a .m .
i. My husband was cleaning the f l a t .......................I w a s c o o k in g d in n e r .
I* - 0
j........................... the tim e we got to the cinem a, a ll o f th e tic k e ts w e re s o ld o u t.

k. Be b a c k ....................... eight, I'm m aking sp ag hetti.
I
the end three times and I still don't
I have read this b o o k .................. beginn ing

r e a lly u n d e r s ta n d
1'kt#'"*'-
it .
] QypoaattZfi
Uzupenij zdania odpowiednimi przyimkami:
: 3>?sgc
T h e film
s t a r t s ..................................s ix . I f w e h u r r y u p w e ' l l g e t t h e r e
A m o n t h ..................................n o w
c..
T h e d e a d l i n e f o r t h i s r e p o r t is F r i d a y , s o I m u s t f i n i s h
d.
I c r i e d ................................. t h e w h o l e f i l m , i t w a s s o m o v i n g !
e.
I w a s t a k i n g a b a t h ................................. t h e t h i e v e s w e n t t h r o u g h
f.
F ir s t w a s h t h e d i s h e s , b u t ................................t h a t , t a k e t h e
9-
1 w o r ^ .................................k v e , s o I c o n m e e t y o u
h.
I 'v e k n o w n J i m
i.
I c a n ' t m e e t y o u s t r a i g h t ................................. w o r k , I m u s t g o t o
I l a s t s a w J a n e ................................. T u e s d a y ,
I 'm
tim e
fo r th e
tr a ile r s .
* 'W
CTdCO!
g o in g o n h o lid a y s . I c a n 't w a it !
in t h e
i t ....................................... t h e n .
d o g
o u r b e lo n g in g s
fo r a
in
th e
w a lk .
c e n t r e ........................................5 . 3 0 .
it.
h ig h s c h o o l.
.
th e
p o s t o ffic e
fir s t.
..................... luesday, I hoven't h e a r d f r o m h e r ........................................*

k. 1 was considering his offer, but....................... the end I chose a different option
1. I ' v e always w o n t e d t o l i v e ................................ the Middle Ages!
A-i:
b e d ro o m .
Wi
Win
m . W e w e r e f r i e n d s ..................................m a n y y e a r s , b u t w e
h o d
month-
h u g e f i g h t .....................................
n. I'm sick and tired of him! Everything will change .

o . P le a s e d o n ' t w a n d e r a r o u n d t h e t o w n b y y o u r s e l f ...................................dn ao rwk o n !
p . I g o t u p ...............................
s u n r is e a n d w e n t t o t h e b e a c h
9 ..............................................m o m e n t 1 s a w h i m , 1 k n e w
r I usually clean the house

s.
y o u d o in g
* * C
th o
'w e e k e n d s
i S
. * *
* ,
few days.
d!a
Was the o n e f o r m e.
W h a t o re
"
he w m
t o s e e it.
seven
o n d g o > I *
can't wait to see her agn|f1
POCZ1 kuic,ch i
A \v
7. P R Z Y IM K I
a. during
b. while
a. from
b. for
a. from
b. till
d. It's Mike's birthday a week .... now. Is he having a parly?

e. Phil proposed to Mary .... Christmas Day.
a. by
b. from
a. on
b. at
f. What are you doing .... Friday evening?

9- My visa runs out .... next year.
a. in
b. on
a. -
b. in
h. I've been seeing Tom .... last October.

i. 1 have a meeting with the C E O .... noon.
i* I'm unemployed .... the moment, but I'm looking for a job.
a. for
b. since
a. at
b. in
a. by
b. at
k. I'll call you back .... a minute!

1. He hasn't spoken to me .... our last argument.
a. in
b. by
a. since
b. for
m. I'm out of town .... next Friday.

n. We're leaving .... sunrise, so go to bed early.
a. till
b. before
a. on
b. at
a. | met my future husband .... a trip to Egypt.

b. Me and Paul have been friends .... ages!
c.
Jj
. . the moment 1 met Jim, 1 knew we would become good friends.
C zy p o n i s z e z d a n ia sq p o p r a w n e ? Z n a jd i p o p r a w w n ic h b d y :
a. I always go sailing during summer.
......
b. I have to go now. I must be home until 6 p.m.

c. I couldn't decide which dress to buy, so at the end I got both.
.......
d. We go to the cinema in every month.

e. He won his first competition in the age of 12.
......
......
f. I promise I won't lie to you from now on.

g. A month by now I'll be relaxing on the beach.
...... .
.......
h. I've known I wanted to be a doctor from I was five...................................... .......

i- The main protagonist is killed on the very end of the story...................... .......
I- Tou're just in time. The boss is looking for you.............................................. ...... .
JSZYKA A N O . ^ K .
WIELKA g r a m a t y k a
7 9 Przyimki miejsca i kierunku

7.2. Przy,m
, /oce
movement
P r e p o s it io n s
r
^
fi*
------------------------------------i
eni osoby lub przedmiotu to on,

Przyimki najczciej uywane do okrele,a PoM
o v e r / above (nad),
o f oraz in, a tol^

among (pomi^,
nd< b y, beside, opposite, between, against
n e a r (obok), n e x t to (obok) under

,
fro n t o f (przed), b e h in d (za) oraz pozosta e. (
in
<d - " O M > ko i *
7.2.1 . Przyimki
on, at, in
Podstawowe znaczenie przyimka on to na":

on the table (na stole),
on the wall (na cianie),
on the desk (na biurku),
w # **
im **
on the floor (na pododze),
ffcpty <
jropsRcnj*
A tat t
on the ceiling (na suficie).
Atop?s
The picture is on the wall. - Obraz jest na cianie.

What's that on your face?! - Co ty masz na twarzy?!
Sini
Inne uycia przyimka on:

on an island (na wyspie),
on a bus
a train / a piane (w autobusie /
pocigu / somolocie),
on o bicycle / m otorcycle (no rowerze /
on the menu (w menu),

on the map (na mapie),
on a diet (na diecie),
motorze),
on the radio (w radio),
on a horse (konno),
on television (w telwizji),
n foot (pieszo),
the right / left (po prav,ej / lewei stron i

- t second
,0 d, L
'
1 p o L n
on the river (na rzece, nad rzeka)
" "ty w a y to (w drodze do)
n i 6 " * & wybrzea), '

00 ,he lakes ("Od jeziorami)
London
isltaTeTon
" m , 0rcycle.
dl<* P oczatlni.
u QP<Jt
%
Ul
" Purpose (celowo),

n sa *e (na sprzeda),
*|L K
n beLhalf of (W imieniu),
edule (zgodnie z planem),
\y
\ 'H
Qb'
N,e er" Sodycz V nQ l QrniZCt

Y' |este na diecie.
124
^you
n he Phone (przez telefon),

n holiday / on a trip (na wakacjach,
na wycieczce),
r .
w* *
Cs
7.
P R Z Y IM K I
t ot nie mu jednoznacznego odpowiednika w jzyku polskim. Moz mie bardzo rone znaczenie.
w j est to jeden z trudniejszych angielskich przyimkw. Oto przykady jego uycia.
I Y J T b i i ! P fno PrzVstonku),
a t th e s ta tio n / th e a ir p o r t (no stacji / lotnisku),
h me Iw domu),
a h e P o s o ffic e *n a P o c z a e )'
1 school / university (w szkole, na

.
at the traffic lights (na wiatach),

a t th e d o o r (przy drzwiach, w drzwiach),
. \
uniwersytecie),
a the office (w biurze),
a h e re c e p tio n (w recepc,.).
a the window (przy oknie),
There's someone a t the d o o r . C a n y o u o p e n it? - Kto dzwoni. Moesz otworzy?

I'll stay at hom e to d a y , I'm n o t fe e lin g th a t w e ll.
Zostan dzi w domu, le si czuj.
ne uycie przyimka a t:
at the bottom (na dnie, na dole),
a t th e c in e m a / th e a tr e (w kinie / w teatrze),
at the party / c o n c e rt / c o n fe re n c e
a t th e d o c to r 's / h a ir d r e s s e r 's
(na przyjciu / koncercie / konferencji),

at the front / b a ck (z przodu / 7. tyu),
at the top (na grze, na szczycie),
at sea (na morzu),
at the seaside (nad morzem),
(u lekarza / fryzjera),
a t th e a g e o f (w wieku),
a t o n e 's o w n ris k (na wasne ryzyko),
a t 1 00 m ile s a n h o u r (z prdkoci 1 0 0 mil na
godzin),
a t th e e n d (na kocu),
at the chemist's / g r o c e r 's
(w aptece / sklepie spoywczym),

at Jane's (u Jane, w domu u Jane),
I'll call you b a ck, I'm
a t th e c o r n e r o f th e s tre e t (na rogu ulicy).
a t th e h a ird re s s e r's r ig h t n o w . - Oddzwoni do ciebie, jestem teraz
u fryzjera.
There s a post o ffic e a t th e e n d o f th e r o a d . - Na kocu ulicy jest poczta.

May dad's a sa ilo r. H e 's b e e n a t sea f o r o v e r s ix m o n th s n o w .
no moreu ju ponad miesicy.
Mj tata jest marynarzem. Jest
rcyimek in oznacza przede wszystkim w, w rodku, wewntrz":

!n he room (w pokoju),
in th e b u ild in g (w budynku),
!n Wn
n th e c o u n try s id e (na wsi).
mi$cie),
,n be centre (w centrum ),
'n
hox? - Co jest w pudeku?
Look 'S
man *n
ot the stars in the sky!
' ^,m es m5zczYzna na zdjciu?

Popatrz na gwiazdy na niebie!
Z Y K A
WIELKA GRAMATYKA
. s to "* !-'"'""1 ;"
&
in a q u e u e (w k o le jc e ),
&
hC
in d a n g e r (w niebezpieczestw ie),
in cash (gotwk)
in
in good condition (w dobrym stonm),
,
p ris o n (w w i z ie n iu ),
in my o p in io n (m o im zd a n ie m ),
in the world (na wiec*).

in the rain (" deszczu)
in a hurry (w pop^chu)
the
the world? - Jaka rzeko jest najdusza na wiacie?
r i * :L L a kw*
licko,s **kupii***"*"* dW**'I, Jen*0oc
You have to wait in a long queue

c z e k a w d u g ie j k o le jc e .
ft
I, ftmcaei'iou'
N a l e y z w r c i u w a g n a p e w n e w y j t k i :
W
* 'Muflvreor.ved
r
a rriv e in / at:
arrive in (town, country) (przyjecha do miasta, kraju):

arrive in London (przyjecha do Londynu),
arrive in Poland (przyjecha do Polski);
i
i f a i d ......
3. 'nette
arrive at (places, buildings, events) (przyjecha do miejsca, budynku, na wydarzenie):

arrive at the hotel (przyjecha do hotelu),
arrive at the airport (przyjecha nq lotnisko),
arrive at the party (przyjecha na przyjcie).
t fa s ! fifty
Êfttttlhusbc
thei
oWery
i
p^mko- W PRVPadkU WC
n,k0 h0me (dom> z niektrymi czasownikami nie uywamy adnego
e be home (i do, przyj do, doj do, przyjecha do / by w domu)

" h,>m'
b' H .m . h i d o .
' ^ s#feoUf
'5 ^
WICZENIA
Pdaj odpowiedni przyimek:

l
c
................................... h e f i r s t f l o o r
....................................
d o c t o r 's
j ...................... the sky

e ........................foot
( ................... work
centre
d'0 P0C!I)lkul')CYCt1 ,
9- ..........
queue
............................................ a
bus
................... the station

k
I
.............................the bottom
..........................my opinion
........................ the left
7. PR ZY IM K I
W p is z o d p o w ie d n i p r z y im e k :
g.................................... the reception
................................. a photo
b
sea
c ............................ the conference
h.................................... purpose
d ...............................schedule
j......................................holiday
i......................................the mirror
................................. school
k.................................... behalf of
f.................................. the rain
I......................................advance
Uzupenij zdania odpow iednim przyim kiem :

a. Trains..................this station never le a v e ...................schedule.
b. Please, open your b o o ks
page 27.
c...................... my opinion, Vienna is one of the most beautil citie s
the whole world.
d. When we arrived.................. the hotel, we realised we'd lost our luggage.

e. What's that written...................the bottom of the page?
f. You did i t ................ purpose!
g. I met Betty................ my way home yesterday. She has b e e n ...................holiday in Israel.
h. I'm sick. I'll stay...................home and lie
bed all day.
i. When my husband i s ...................work and my children a r e
school, I finally have time to
lie ................the sofa and read.

j. There's a letter waiting for y o u ................... the reception, sir.
k. My neighbour i s ................. prison for tax evasion.
I.
Room number 205 i s .................the second floor, third d o o r
the left.
m. Our neighbours' house is ................ sale. It's a beautiful property, right .................. the corner
of our street.
n- This place must be evacuated, we're a l l ................ danger.
o. There's someone.................. the door, can't you hear the bell?
P- Tom lives................the countryside now. He w orks.................... the fieldsa n d .....................the garden.
W IE L K A G R A M A T Y K A J ^ K A
A N G IE L S K IE G O
AA
A
I*
A
Wybierz prawidow odpowied.

a.
P le a s e c a l l m e , w h e n y o u g e t . . . . h o m e .
a.
b -in
b. W hen I
a.
oniêd
.... th e a ir p o r t , I r e a lis e d
in
a.
d.
e.
b. at
... th e b a c k o f
the class
at
a
h.
is s i t u a t e d . . . .
s le e p
or
lis te n
to
m u sic
jfljOit?"
t h e r i v e r S e in e .
I h a d lo
b. a t
w a it fo r
at
y o u f o r tw o h o u rs .... th e
p o u r in g
i
.
"IT
ra in !
b- m
a . in
i'
I ca n
b. on
on
a.
le c tu r e s , s o
th e p h o n e .
a - at
Paris
d u r in g
b . in
M a r y s p e n d s h o u rs ta lk in g ....
g.
.... a d v a n c e ,
t h is . . . . y o u r o w n r is k ,
on
o.
p a s s p o rt a t h o m e .
b . w ith
I l i k e t o s it
f.
b y , p le a s e le t m e k n o w
in
Y o u 'r e d o in g
a.
le ft m y
b.
If you're going to d ro p
c.
I hod
b.
. com
ing,0Polod
at
I d o n 't th in k w e
can
a . in
buy t h o s e
s p ic e s . . . . o u r lo c a l
b.
grocer's.
at
7 2 2 . Przyimek to
Przyimek to oznacza do" i ^
94"to
bm T T
" 'k
Wy'" 0g i<'
w 0 doPottd>>
% S
i T l i i
'" i r *
do domu
,,
m ^ chdzi do domu spacer^1
*Qwsze w zcjaniac^ w r
I hay never k
1 ve i^sr been *0 ^ Ven,c- NiQHv .
t *
HOV
l , om e
V SSS
k
mn'e
,f/yimek o stosow
2,0;r?tib - n
s
c
> !:>
been ,0
Czosie
e r*ec / czasownikiem
9h ^
be
(byAciy"
i
PastQ h r \
COncrts lafe|yg
,nnr.
Wadnie wrciam l*
Byfe<Oitain.
na i(|ki koncertach?
v
0w>wK
Si
W o to uyjemy lake z czasownikami g e t w znaczeniu dosta si do jakiego miejsca" oraz

welcome (wita):
, Will cali you as soon as I g e t to my office . - Zadzwoni do ciebie, gdy tylko wejd do
mojego biurg.
' v
Welcome to my house! - Y/itom w m o i m d o m u !
Welcome to Poland! - Witamy w Polsce!
WICZENIA
fen to music.
Uzupenij zdania o d p o w ie d n im i przyim kam i to, at, in lub on:

P le a s e , p u t t h e f i l e
................................. m y d e s k .
I ' m g o i n g ...............................t h e
Cd.
c h e m is t 's to g e t y o u
som e
B o b w a s t a k e n ................................. h o s p i t a l , h e s l i p p e d
o n
p a in k ille r s .
t h e s t a ir s .
M y c o l l e a g u e d r i v e s m e ........................... w o r k e v e r y d a y , b e c a u s e h e l i v e s j u s t a c r o s s
W h a t t im e w ill y o u
t h e s tre e t f r o m
m e.
b e ...............................h o m e t o n i g h t ?
W h i c h o f t h e s e p a i n t i n g s s h o u l d w e h a n g ............................... t h e w a l l ?
W e ' r e g o i n g ...............................I t a l y f o r o u r h o l i d a y s .
I m e t J i m ................................. t h e p a r t y l a s t w e e k e n d .
D o y o u f e e l l i k e g o i n g ............................... M a r y ' s b i r t h d a y p a r t y w i t h
m e?
T h e f l i g h t w a s d e l a y e d s o w e a r r i v e d ............................... P a r i s l a t e a t n i g h t .
k.
I n e e d t o g o ...............................t h e d e n t i s t . I h a v e a t e r r i b l e t o o t h a c h e .
I.
M r s P e r k in s f l i e s ................................. M i l o n
I h o v e a b u s y e v e n in g
t a k in g
me
ahead
...............................
e v e ry n o w a n d
of m e:
f ir s t I 'm
a re s ta u ra n t a n d
th e n to d o
g o in g
f in a lly
s o m e s h o p p in g .
.............................. h o m e
w e 'r e
g o in g
to
................................
change,
th e n
M a rk
is
a c o n c e r t ..................................
th e N a t io n a l T h e a t r e .
n-
I g o ............................. t h e g y m
tw ic e a w e e k .
Uzupenij zdania o d p o w ie d n im i przyim kam i to, at, in lu b on.

a.
W h y d o n ' t w e g o .................................t h e c i n e m a
b.
c.
I h a v e n ' t b e e n .............................
d.
I m et Tom
e.
W e a r r i v e d l a t e ................................t h e s t a t i o n s o w e m i s s e d o u r t r a i n .
f-
I s a w J i m 's n e w g i r l f r i e n d ................................. t h e p a r t y l a s t F r i d a y .
I th in k I lo s t m y g l o v e s
b.
It u s u a l l y t a k e s m e a b o u t 3 0 m i n u t e s t o g e t ..................................m y o f f i c e i n t h e m o r n i n g .
I h a t e g o i n g ................................. t h e p o s t o f f i c e a n d w a i t i n g ....................................q u e u e s .
i-
don't feel l i k e
g o in g
when
o u t t o n ig h t,
I'd r a t h e r
C h in a
s t a y ................................h o m e .
y e t.
I w a s w a l k i n g ...............................h o m e
th e
s o rry , I c a n 't s ta y , I ' m
b. Welcome
to n ig h t?
bus.
................................. a
o u r h o t e l. W e 'r e
la s t n ig h t .
h u rry .
p le a s e d
y o u 'r e
.................................m y w a y ..................................t h e
s ta y in g w it h
us.
'
It s t a r t e d t o r a i n
p a rk .
m
H.
I 'v e h e a r d .................................t h e r a d i o t h a t t h e r e w a s a s e r i o u s a c c i d e n t o n t h e h i g h w a y .
T h f i r o '^ ~ - - *~
r e s 0 P Q r ty ............................... G r e g ' s o n F r i d a y . A r e y o u c o m i n g ?
^ôbcepl
dla poczqiV uiqcych t zaowansowonych
129
7 .2 .3 . Inne przyimki miejsca i ruchu:

under, over, behind, next to, m s,de .tp.
Oprci in H
on H . -
I"". )
lub przedmiotu;
" W
P" ,im ki k ,e i' iqC i POl i " - * >
. ,akie somo
samo raczenie,
znaczenie, lecz uywane s
sq w nieco innych
odnosi si
zarwno do
do fizycznego
fizycznego pooe,a,
pooenia, ok
jok
kontekstach6 Under es. zdecydowanie czystsze i odnosi
si zarwno
abstrakcyjnych
Be.ow
es,
najczulej,
aby
i o
t r a M n y d t rrelacji.
e la c ji. B
e lo w uuywane
y w a n e je
st n
a jc z c ie j, a
b y wyrazi,
w y r a z i , ze
e cco
o jest
r - * pon.ze, pewnego
nn nHv mowa o temperaturze:
. . . . ____i_i : :
p o z io m u " , w k o n te k c ie m ia r , s k a li i p o z io m w , n p . g d y m o w a o t e m p e r a t u r z e :
-
N ie s te ty
w y n ik
tw o je g o
above
(n a d )
je s t . g d y m o w a o p o z i o m a c h i s k a l a c h , a
-
je s t a n a l o g i c z n e
over
p o z o s ta y c h
P o w ie t l a m p
nad
The temperature is going to rise to +2 above zero.

You've scored just above average.
in fr o n t o f
There was
under
d o
b e lo w : a b o v e
p rz y p a d k a c h , d u o
c z c ie j n i
uyw ane
above:
s to fe m .
T e m p e r a tu r a w z r o n ie d o
Z a n o to w a e w y n ik
le d w o
s t o p n i p o w y e j z e ra .
p o w y e j r e d n ie j.
ibojcwort1
( p r z e d , n a p r z e c iw k o ) :
a
car crash right in fro nt o f the h o s p ita l.
Tu
p rz e d
s z p it a le m :
by
w ypadek
sam ochodow y.
Someone has parked their car in front o f my g a te !
K to
z a p a rk o w a
s a m o c h d
p rz e d
m o jq
b ra m q .
behind
( z a , z ty u ) :
W h o ^ iT tW
m am q?
W O n (?e ^
9 a r c *e n
behind our house.
b e tw e e n
P b o o ?
am ong
Z a
~ K im
d o m e m
m a m y w s p a n ia y o g r d ,
ie s m c z y z n a , k t r y s t o i n a
c o H e e ta b le .
i
w o rk .
M u s z w y b ra
P o s ta w m y
p o m i d z y
fo te l m i d z y
r o d z in
(p o r d , w r d ):
It s good to be amonq friends
A little house was hidden among ?
Pr2yi Ci
May domek by ukryty pord drzew.
n e x t to / b y / b e s id e
(o b o k );
The hospital is next to the police station

I w ould re ally like to sit beside you
p
130
z d j c iu
za
tw o j
kaw ow ym .
1 have to choose between my fnm ilv

X
( m i d z y , p o m i d z y ) :
Let's put the armchair between tho

0 s to lik ie m
. *
u y c ie t y c h p r z y i m k w
Hang this lamp over that table.
f
fi
te s tu
je s t p o n i e j n a s z y c h o c z e k iw a .
over
'
|e
M y cat is sleeping under the table. - M j k o t p i p o d s t o e m .

Unfortunately, the result o f yo u r test is b e lo w o u r e x p e c ta tio n s .
dla poaqlkuiqcych i zaowansowanych
<
ZP 'es obok Postefunku policji.
Bardzo chciaabym usi obok ciebie.
ka n a p ,
p ra c .
I* >
7. P R Z Y IM K I
aains (o, w poprzek, dotykajc do):
^ against the w all and observed everyone. Opadem si o cian i obserwowaem wszystkich.
J!eC^ onc|erful to feel y o u r h a n d a g a in s t m y fa c e . Lubi dotyk twojej rki no mojej twarzy.
*p.
!nie H
c<>>nrvr-v
Kenio, jct
i pewn^g;
Opposite ( n a p r z e c i w k o ) :
* êre js a beautiful p a rk o p p o s ite the k in d e rg a rte n . Naprzeciwko przedszkola jest pikny park.
My best friend from c h ild h o o d used to liv e just o p p o s ite m y house. Mj najlepszy przyjaciel
d ziecistw a mieszka dokadnie naprzeciwko mnie.
R near (niedaleko):
Is there a bus stop near here? - Czy jest tu niedaleko przystanek autobusowy?
The currency exchange is near the hotel. - Kantor jest niedaleko hotelu.
e g o test-
e uywam
above
round (around) (wok, dookoa; tu za):

Spike, our new dog, keeps running around the garden all day. - Spike, nasz nowy pies, caymi
dniami biega po ogrodzie.
The Earth revolves round the sun. - Ziemia krci si wok Soca.
I live round the corner. - Mieszkam tu za rogiem.
w y e j zero
i inside (wewnqtrz):
Come in, it's warm inside. Wejd, wewnqtrz jest ciepo.
How many boxes are there inside the container? - Ile pude jest w kontenerze?
outside (na zewntrz):
There's someone outside, the dog keeps barking nervously. - Kto jest na zewntrz, pies nerwowo
szczeka.
have to take the do g fo r a w a lk , even th o u g h it's so c o ld outside. - Musz wyprowadzi psa na
spacer, mimo e na zewntrz jest tak zimno.
*nrieprzyimki:
underneath / b e n e a th (pod)
podkrela, e co jest czym przykryte lub co jest pod czym

schowane, b e n e a th jest uznawane za do starowieckie i jest uywane bardzo rzadko:
6 scared little p u p p y hid un d e rn e a th the b la n ke t. Wystraszony szczeniak schowa si pod
Kocem.
It'
5very cold,
are you w e a rin g a n y th in g u n d e rn e a th th a t sw eatshirt? - Jest bardzo zimo, masz
Vj Sob,e co p o r j
b lu z ?
" Look>nd <Z0' pOZa' Pnod),J
W* could
beautiful sunset b e y o n d the h o riz o n . -
see the ruins o f the castle b e y o n d the hills.
w,thin (v
^here
^
b w
***
Spjrz na pikny zachd soca ponad

Za wzgrzami byo wida ruiny zamku.
w granicach, w obrbie):
n sboPs within
are
I

20
kilometres o f here.
W promieniu 20 kilometrw nie ma adnych
* re 9ulatio ns th a t a re o n ly v a lid w ith in EU b o rd e rs.
Niektre przepisy
W^ran'cacf1 Unii Europejskiej.

dlo pocztkujcych aociwariiowonych
M l 1
WIELKA G R A M A T Y K A J Z T K M
WICZENIA
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia p a d a n y m i p rz y im k a m i:
aro u n d
n e x t ta
b e h in d
above
b e tw e e n
against
among
inside
a The armchair i s ...................................the fireplace and the sofa.

b. After the explosion over 50 people were trapped.......................................the building.
c. There is a taxi stand...................................be bust stoP*
d. I love to spend tim e...................................friends.
e. The police pushed him....................................the wall and searched him.
f. Isn't her child extremely active? He keeps running.........................................the flat all day.
g. Your result was w ay.....................................average - I'm impressed.
h. Tom hid................................... the door and then jumped out to scare me.
W y b ie rz p ra w id o w g o d p o w ie d :
a. It s cold
put something warm on.
a-out
b. outside
b. I always sit.... Alice during classes, because she makes the best notes
- next to
b. against
c. Inthis country, you'renot allowed to vote if you're .... 21
Under,
d The bank is on the right
b. underneath
the shopping centre
a. opposite
,,
1 keeP my diary .... the bed.
a. within
o. between
,
*........ all the things he told me

a. among
000 r ^
a- among
h- I l've .... mv 0 ffo
132
d|Q Pcr<JtlcujqCvci, , _ _
were true.
b- Q9ainst
oik I,o m il.
b. by
7 . P R Z Y IM K I
7 24 . Przyimki ruchu:
past, through, towards, up, down itp.

p -.Adprzyimkw okrelajcych ruch i zmian pooenia osoby lub przedmiotu wyrniamy:
do rodka, do wewntrz):
* | got into his car and we drove away. - Wsiadam do jego samochodu i odjechalimy.
I come into the house and saw a terrible mess. Weszam do domu i zobaczyam okropny
, jnt0 (do,
baagon.
, o n / o n t o (na):
Please put the files on my desk. - Prosz po teczki no moim biurku.

All of a sudden, the cat jumped onto the table. Kot nagle wskoczy na st.
up (do gry):
We walked up that hill for over two hours. - Ponad dwie godziny wchodzilimy na to wzgrze.
I climbed up the ladder to reach the books from the shelf. - Weszam na drabin, aby sign
po ksiki na pce.
d o w n (n o d ) :
Come down from that tree! You might hurt yourself! - Zejd z tego drzewa! Moesz sobie zrobi
krzywd!
Bob fell down the stairs and broke his leg. - Bob spad ze schodw i zama nog.
o v e r (n a d , p o n a d , p rz e z ) :
The thief jumped over the fence and ran away. - Zodziej przeskoczy ogrodzenie i uciek,
he kicked the ball over the garden wall. Kopn pik na drug stron muru w ogrodzie.
t h r o u g h (p rz e z ):
The new highway will go straight through the village. - Nowa autostrada bdzie przebiegaa przez
mosk.
;here are some stranqe noises cominq throuqh the window.

haasy.
1
Przez okno sycha jakie dziwne
a l o n 9 ( w z d u z ) :
U S ôr 0 âlk along the beach. - Chodmy na spacer wzdu play.

' /0uwalk along that road, you'll reach the main square. Jeli pjdziesztq ulicq, dojdziesz do
t f 6 w " e g o p la c u .
' QSt iobok):

P^
church and turn right. - Przejd obok kocioa i skr w prawo.
Wq ked past me and didn't even say 'hi'. - Przeszed obok mnie i nawetsi nie przywita.
do pocztkujcych zaawansowanych
J 33
from (od, z):
r,n c n n W8 - O ktrej godzinie przyjeda pocig z Glasgow?
i.
' Z Z ? 6 oJ ^
101 Ve9 ! ' - t
1p,,,i,a' mi ^
1 L Ve9 '
k .1 . w a rd , * . d o o , - Wsto. i posted. . * * . * * .
l l d e d to - o i k to w a rd s h im , b o t I los, s ig h , o i b in , in l h . c r o w d , - Z ocztotn t id w
90 W
.* .
ale zgubiam go w tumie,

across (przez, na drug stron):
The teacher w a lke d across the class to ta k e th e c r ib a w a y fro m m e . - Nauczycielka przeszo
przez ca sal, eby zabra mi cigawk.

Just go across the street a n d y o u 'll see the b a n k . - Przejd na drug stron ulicy i zobaczysz bank
ro u n d , a r o u n d (wok, dookoa):
We kept d rivin g a ro u n d no t k n o w in g w h e re to g o . - Jedzilimy w kko nie wiedzc, dokd
jecha.
The new bypass w ill g o ro u n d the to w n . - Nowa obwodnica okry miasto.
off (z):
The cat jum ped o ff the a rm c h a ir. - Kot zeskoczy z fotela.
Keep o ff the grass!
Szanuj ziele! (Trzymaj si z dala od trawnika!)
o u t o f (z, ze rodka, na zewntrz):
Krlik wyskoczy z kapelusza.

A man ran out o f the b u ild in g and then the b o m b w e n t o ff. - Jaki mczyzna wybieg z budynku,
a potem wybucha bomba.
The ra b b it jum ped out o f the hat.
inside (wewntrz, do wewntrz);

Come Inside. Wejd do rodka.
_ ,fe pud<>,
H ow m ony boxes d id y o p , d .
Jo
outside (na zewntrz):

le t's g o outside, it's stuffy in this ro om - WviHm ,
Let's sit outside, it's nice and sunnv
Po a-
134
dla poczqlkujqcych i zaawansowanych
zewnc*tr*' w <Ym PokN l t duszno.

osiedzmy na zewntrz, jest mio i sonecznie.
Uzupenij zda nia o d p o w ie d n im i p rzyim ka m i ruchu:
At which bus stop should I g e t...................................... to get to the National Gallery?

Keep walking...................................... that road and you'll see the parliament on your right.
The dog swam.......................................the river to find his lost owner.
^ VVe kept driving
the town, but couldn't find our hotel.
e Please com e
me one by one and you'll be given the exam papers.
{ After he had failed the test, he threw all his books...................................... the window.
a When Mark w alked.......................................the door everybody stood up.
h Are you mad at me? You w ent.......................................me and didn't even notice me.
Przetumacz na j z y k a n g ie ls k i:
o. Przesta chodzi w kko po pokoju, usid, porozmawiajmy.

b. Przejd przez ulic i id w kierunku kocioa. Przejd obok banku izarogiem jest bankomat.
c. Tom wanie wrci z podry dookoa wiata.
d. Kot wskoczy na st, zjad moje ciastko i zeskoczy z powrotem (na d) napodog.
e. Gdy usyszaam krzyki, wbiegam na gr po schodach.
f. Bd na czas, jeli uda mi si szybko przejecha przez korki.
9- Wysiadaj z mojego samochodu!
h. Zabierzmy dzieci na dwr - mog bawi si w ogrodzie.
^ x ^ ^ ^ prz,fa*m
oh
by myself (samodzielnie);
II u on bv DOst - Dokumenty zostan wysane poczt.
The document w ill be sentJ
wykonano rcznie.
fo re ig n la n g u a g e Is b y r e a d in g f o r e ig n
books and
NePepl, n L k , no nouaenie si, f e t . obcego es. csytan.e o b co z,csn ,cb ks.qzek i w

.
za pomoc by wyraamy, ak podrujemy, jakim rodkiem transportu, naley pamita, e wtat

wyraeniach przed rzeczownikiem nie wystpuje aden przedimek:
by car (samochodem),
b y b ik e (na rowerze),
by piane (samolotem),
b y a ir (drog powietrzn),
by boat (dk),
b y sea (drog morsk),
by ship (stokiem),
b y r o a d (drog ldow),
by bus (autobusem),
b y u n d e r g r o u n d (metrem).
I always get seasick w hen I tra v e l b y ship . - Zawsze kiedy podruj statkiem, mam chorob
morsk.
The fastest and most c o m fo rta b le w a y to tr a v e l is b y p la n e .
- Najszybciej i najwygodniej podruje
si somolotem.
Uwaga! Mwimy: on foot (pieszo), in my ca r (moim samochodem).
iest ytonaw c danej czynnoci:

The dinner was prepared b y j ane - O h T J
naPiS a" a PTOZ D ickeP S a
ad zosta przygotowany przez Jane.
w iczenia
U P * I zdania a d p o * *
a.
I 'll V n
_______
b !!" T nd you some holidy photos
,
b- 1ve (ost my umbrella! ,
" filin g
' hQVeeft ........................ the train.
t z
*
^ s h , r : yt
Q. I found Rpfh/r
I
a 0ef,y s diary ..
rtable' bui ^ -
decided
6,1 di,dn,t mean 1o read it
" ^^ k e . Minn I
i- J ne made this beautf n

Piane'
U' dr6SS
herself.
i Mflwansowanych
reach poland wi,hin mor
^ across Asia
,
04 10 ............a motorbike
i \r 7 ' ' f 0k VOur c<

,s forbidden to *mnL.
dl
* - os
' eXQC,IV
U zu p e n ij z d a n ia p o d a n y m i w y ra e n ia m i:
by tra in
by hand
by
u n d e rg ro u n d
b y m y s e lf
ky sea
b y th e c h a ir m a n
by
e le c tr o n ic p o s t
b y a c c id e n t
a The fastest way to move around crowded cities i s .....................................

.............................. I heard a conversation between Jane and Bill
I didn't know he had lost his job.
Can I write the application.................................... or do I have to type it?

d It's enough to send the application................................... you don't have to come personally.
e. Big containers are usually transported....................................
{ I know you don't believe in my cooking skills, but I really made the casserole..................................
g. I commute to w o rk......................................
h. The meeting was ca lle d ................................ of
our company.
WIELKA GRAMATYKA J Z YK A A N G I E L S K I E G O
7 4 Rzeczow niki z p rz y im k a m i
Noun + preposition
W ie le r z e c z o w n ik w w y m a g a u y c ia p o n ic h k o n k r e t n e g o p r z y im k a
R z e c z o w n ik z p r z y im k ie m
t w o r z q s ta e
z o e n ia , k t r y c h t r z e b a n a u c z y s i n a p a m i :
rzeczownik + of:
advantage o f ( k o r z y ,
cause o f
z a le to , p r z e w a g a z ),
disadvantage o f ( w a d a ,
suspicion o f ( p o d e j r z e n i e
intention o f ( z a m i a r ) ,
d is a p p ro v a l o f ( d e z a p r o b a t a
n ie k o r z y z ) ,
o ),
photograph / picture / map o f
N ie
m om
z a m ia r u
The cause o f death is still unknown. - P r z y c z y n a m

The are many advantages o f living in a big city. -
cheque for
excuse fo r
request for
ie r c i
M ie s z k a n ie w
m ie c ie
weakness fo r
z a ),
m a w ie le z a le t.
( s a b o d o ) ,
a p p lic a tio n fo r
( p o d o n ie o ) ,
respon sibility fo r
respect fo r
(w y m w k a z a ),
room fo r
( p o w o a n ie
recipe fo r
d o c z e g o ),
There is room only for five people in my car.
- W
m o im
( p o d z iw d la ) ,
( m ie js c e d la /
sym pathy fo r
( d a n ie , p r o b a o c o ),
( o d p o w ie d z ia ln o z a ),
( s z a c u n e k d la ) ,
a d m ira tio n fo r
(k a ra z a ),
(p rz y c z y n a c z e g o ),
vocation for
pom c.
je s t n a d a l n ie z n a n a .
(p o p y t n a ),
punishment for
reason for
m u
(c z e k n a ),
demand for
w o b e c ),
( z d j c ie , o b r a z , m a p a c z e g o ) ;
I have no intention of helping him.
rzeczownik + fo r:
gratitude for ( w d z i c z n o
(p rz y c z y n a c z e g o ),
n a ),
( w s p c z u c ie d la ) ,
( p r z e p is n a ) ;
s a m o c h o d z i e je s t m i e j s c e t y l k o d l a p i c i u o s b .
You must finally take responsibility for you r actions.
M u s is z
kocu
w z i
o d p o w ie d z ia ln o
z a s w o je c z y n y .
I have no respect fo r people who treat animals b a d ly .
N ie
m am
a d n e g o s z a c u n k u d la o s d b .
k t r e le t r a k t u j z w i e r z t a .
rzeczownik + to :
answer to
solution to
( o d p o w ie d n a ) ,
( r o z w i z a n ie
invitation to
(p a y ) a ttentio n to
c z e g o ),
re p ly to
( z a p r o s z e n ie n a ) ,
attitude to / towards
(s z a n s a n a ),
response to
access to
( n a s ta w ie n ie w o b e c ) ,
( o d p o w ie d n a ) ,
(d o s t p d o ),
threat to (z a g r o e n i e
I can 't send you thoso files, I have no access to the Internet.
n ie m a m
( o d p o w ie d n a ),
chance to
damage to ( z n i s z c z e n ie c z e g o ) ,
addiction to ( u z a l e n i e n i e o d ) ,
( z w ra c a u w a g n a ),
N ie
m og
d la ) ;
w y s a c i ty c h p lik
d o s t p u d o in te r n a tu
The earthquake did enormous dam age to this to w n

z n is z c z e w t y m
T r z s ie ,e z ie m i d o k o n a o
m ie c ie ,
N o one knows the answer to that question

H
d la p o a q l k u j q c y t h i z o a w a n io w im y c h
on.
N ik t
Nikt nie zna odp o w ie d zi na to pytam e.
o g ro m n y
7. PRZYIMKI
rzeczow nik + in :
in c re a s e
in (wzrost czego),
in te re s t in (zainteresowanie czym),
rise in (wzrost czego),

d e c r e a s e in (spadek, znika czego),
inve stm en t in (inwestycjo w),
fall in (spadek, znika czego),
tru st in (zaufanie do),
belief in (wiara w),
e x p e rie n c e in (dowiadczenie w);
(ta k e ) p rid e in (by dumnym z),
W e're o b se rvin g a se rio u s fa ll in sales. - Obserwujemy powany spadek sprzeday.

| have no in te re st in w h a t h e 's d o in g . - Nie interesuje mnie, co on robi.
Do you have a n y e x p e rie n c e in m a rk e tin g ? - Czy masz jakie dowiadczenie w marketingu?
>6::
rzeczow nik + o n :
dependence on (zaleno od),
in flu e n ce on (wpyw na),
reliance on (wiara, zaufanie do),
b a n o n (zakaz czego),
comment on / a b o u t (komentarz o, do),
e ffe c t on (wpyw na),
tax on (podotek od);

Technology has a h u g e in flu e n c e o n s o c ia l re la tio n s n o w a d a y s . - Technologio ma obecnie
ogromny wpyw na relacje spoeczne.

I got an g ry w he n he m a d e a c o m m e n t o n m y n e w h a irc u t. - Zdenerwowaam si, gdy skomentowa
moj now fryzur.

:: : S
A ban on sm oking in re s ta u ra n ts is b e in g in tro d u c e d n e x t m onth. - Zakaz palenia w restauracjach
bdzie wprowadzony w przyszym miesicu.

rzeczow nik + w it h :
encounter w ith (spotkanie z),
quarrel with (ktnia z),
lin k w ith (styczno z),

relationship w ith (zwizek z drug osob),
contact w ith (kontakt z),
c o n n e ctio n w ith (poczenie, wi z);
Are you in co n ta c t w ith y o u r o ld frie n d s? - Jeste w kontakcie ze swoimi starymi znajomymi?
c:>: ' -
I had a n o th e r q u a rre l w ith m y h u s b a n d . - Znw pokciam si z mem.
i\c & :
rzeczow nik + b e tw e e n :
difference b e tw e e n (rnica pomidzy),
disagreement b e tw e e n (niezgoda, rnica zda, sprzeczka pomidzy),
relationship b e tw e e n (stosunek, powizanie pomidzy, zwizek z czym),
o # *'
contact b e tw een (kontakt pomidzy),

connection b e tw e e n (poczenie pomidzy);
According o the re p o rt, th e re is n o c o n n e c tio n b e tw e e n the tw o coses.

dwie sprawy nie sa ze sobq zwizane.
1 bad to
resign because o f a d is a g re e m e n t b e tw e e n me a n d m y boss.
Wedug raportu, te
. . . .
Mus.alam zrezygnowa
* Pwodu rnicy zda midzy mn a moim szefem.
4 *^
^ '' y f c io h c c p i
dla pocztkujcych I /aciwonsowonych
139
WIELKA GRAMATYKA J Z Y K A ANGIELSKIEGO
rzeczow nik + o v e r:
control over ( k o n t r o l o ,
dispute over
H.
w a d z o
n a d ),
( k tn io , s p r o ) ;
i, o g ro w n -u p , I h v , n c o n tro l o h im - -
k n,r N
" *
" im * N
the fra de union a n d b o a rd o f d ire c to rs le d to the strike.
S%r o p ens^ i^ zw iozkam i zawodowymi i rad nadzorcze, doprowadzi do strajku.
skniaium!ejtno, zdolno),
attempt at (prbo zrobienia czego);
ability at (umiejtno, zdolno),
I have no a b ility at playing chess. - Nie umiem gra w szachy.

O u r attempts at forcing him to return the m oney w e re c o m p le te ly unsuccessful. - Nasze prby
zmuszenia go do oddania pienidzy byy kompletnie nieudane.

W ICZEN IA
Uzupenij zdania odpowiednimi przyimkami:
a.
M y r e l a t i o n s h i p ............................ J o h n is t h e b e s t t h i n g
b.
O u r i n v e s t m e n t .............................. s h a r e s p r o v e d
c.
I h a v e f u l l t r u s t .............................. t h i s t e a m
th a t h a s e v e r h a p p e n e d
m e.
to b e v e ry p r o f it a b le .
o f e x p e rts .
d . W e a r e w a itin g f o r y o u r r e s p o n s e
o u r o ffe r.
e.
I d i d n t g e t t h e c h a n c e ............................s a y g o o d b y e .
f.
W hen
g.
I w o n d e r w h a t ' s t h e c a u s e ............................h i s s u d d e n c h a n g e
h.
W h a t ' s y o u r e x c u s e ...............................b e i n g
I was
to
1 7 , I f e l t a s t r o n g v o c a t i o n ................................a c t i n g .
M y w e a k n e s s .............................. s w e e t s a n d
o f h e o rt.
lo te a g a in ?
m y a d d i c t i o n ................................. c h o c o l a t e
|.
P a u l , y o u r e p a y i n g n o a t t e n t i o n ............................w h a t | ' m
so
k.
P o l l u t i o n is a t h r e a t
I.
I s h a r e y o u r d i s a p p r o v a l ............................h i s s c a n d a l o u s b e h a v i o u r .
a re
w e ll- k n o w n .
th e s e u n jq u e ^
W h o t 's I h .
b "
c. The latest relorms have hod 0 huge
'
1 h a v e ' u n d a w o n d e r fu l r e c ip e .
ch
6 m re s e v e re -
i-
le t m e e x p re s s m y g r o lilu d e
k.
I h a v e n o in te n tio n . ..
.... y 0 u r h
H i s a t t i t u d e . . . . w o r k is u n a c c e p t a b l e 0 0 '
t e llin n
140
<tlo p o c z q lk u lq c y c h I r a o w o n s o w o n y c h
P.
d e ,a i' S
' hG
n e t'
a. of
a. between
a. with
a. to
a. in
a, of
a. lor
a. for
a. on
a. lor
o. lo
0 . lor
b. at
b. in
b. on
b. with
b. at
b. in
b. to
b. of
b. for
b. of
b. of
b. to
7 . PRZYIM KI
5 Czasowniki z przyimkami
Verb + preposition_________________
R w n ie c z a s o w n ik i
wymagaj czsto uycia po nich konkretnego przyimka, tworzc stae zoenia:
B czasownik + o f:
take care of (opiekowa si kim),

think of (pomyle o, przypomnie sobie, wymyli),
remind somebody of (przypomina komu o czym),
a p p r o v e o f (akceptowa, zatwierdza co),
warn somebody of (ostrzec przed),

accuse somebody of (oskary o),
suspect somebody of (podejrzewa o),
b e w a r e o f (wystrzega si czego),
d e s p a ir o f (rozpacza z powodu),
d is p o s e o f (pozby si czego),
d ie o f (umrze z powodu),
c o n s is t o f (skada si z),
convict of (skaza za);

He was accu sed o f s te a lin g th e m o to rb ik e . - Zosta oskarony o kradzie motocykla.
W e need to b u y a p re s e n t f o r M a r y , b u t I c a n 't th in k o f a n y th in g . - Musimy kupi prezent dla
Mary, ale nie mog niczego wymyli.

czasownik + to :
invite to (zaprosi no),

adapt to (przystosowa si do),
s p e a k to (rozmawia z, mwi do),

p h o n e / te le p h o n e to (dzwoni do),
s h o u t to (krzycze do),
listen to (sucha czego),
o b je c t to (sprzeciwia si czemu),
belong to (nalee do),
th r o w s o m e th in g to (rzuci co komu),
refer to (odnosi si do),
r e a c t to (reagowa na),
attribute to (przypisywa co),
a p o lo g is e to (przeprosi kogo),
talk to (rozmawia z),
a n s w e r to (odpowiedzie na),
describe so m e th in g to (opisa co komu),
c o n fe s s to (przyzna si do czego),
commit o n e s e lf to (powici si czemu),
prefer so m e th in g to s o m e th in g e lse (wole co od czego),
explain so m e th in g to (wyjani co komu);
I p re fe r te a to c o ffe e . - Wol herbat od kawy.
He a p o lo g is e d to m e f o r h is s c a n d a lo u s b e h a v io u r. - Przeprosi mnie za swoje skandaliczne
rachowanie,
M a rk fin a lly c o n fe s s e d to s te a lin g th e d o c u m e n ts . - Mark prcyznal si w kocu do kradziey
dokumentw.
WIELKA GRAMATYKA Z Y K A
b la m e f o r (obwinia o),
czaso w nik + for.

a p o lo g ise fo r (przeprosi za),
b e g f o r (baga o),
lo o k fo r / search fo r (szuka czego.),
lo n g f o r (tskni za, pragn czego),
fo rg iv e fo r (wybaczy co),
c a r e f o r (dba o kogo, co),
fine for (ukara grzywnq za),
cali for (wezwa, nawoywa do),
hope fo r (mie nadziej na),
p r a is e f o r (chwali za),
w a it fo r (czeka na),
p r e p a r e f o r (przygotowa na, do),
a p p ly fo r (ubiega si o),
c o m p e n s a te f o r (rekompensowa za),
leave fo r (wyjecha do),
p a y f o r (paci za),
punish fo r (ukara za),
th a n k f o r (dzikowa za);
ask fo r (prosi o),

I
Zostaam u k a ra n o ostukiwanie n o p o d testu.
punished lo , c h e a tin g d u rin g l h . test.
th,S
| h o p . w e can com pensate lo r y o u r loss b y o tt e r in g y o u
s m o li g ,tt.
M c m p o d n e j,,
zrekompensujemy ci twoj strat, oferujc ci ten drobny prezenl.

Jane ubiega si o stanowisko
Jane has a p p lie d fo r the p o s itio n o f s e c re ta ry in th is c o m p a n y .
sekretarki w tej firmie.

czasow nik + a t:
aim a (zamierza, planowa, mie na celu),
s m ile a t (umiecha si do),
point at (wskazywa na co),
s ta re a t (gapi si na),
laugh a t (mia si z),
g la n c e a t (z e rk n na),
excel a t (dominowa, by lepszym w),
lo o k a t (patrze na),
shout at (krzycze na kogo),
th r o w s o m e th in g a t (rzuci czym w kogo);
Nagle wycelowa do mnie z pistoletu.

Tim glanced at his w a tch a n d ra n to the s ta tio n .
Tim zerkn na zegarek i pobieg na stacj.
A ll of a sudden, he p o in te d a gu n a t m e.
czasownik + a b o u t:
think ab o u t (myle o, mie opini o czym),
talk about (rozmawia o),
d re a m a b o u t (ni o),
h e a r a b o u t (sysze o),
do ab o u t (poradzi na co),
re m in d s o m e b o d y a b o u t (przypom nie komu
care a b o u t (przejmowa si czym, interesowa
si czym),
o czym)*
y
c o m p la in a b o u t (skada reklamacj),
w a r n s o m e b o d y a b o u t (ostrzec o),
W hat
oknem?
broken w in d o w ?
Co masz zamiar ziobi i tym ro/bity,l
A t the moment, I o n ly ca re a b o u t
y e xa m s,
w toj chwili Interesuj mnie tylko moje egzaminy
czasow nik + a fte r :

look after (opiekowa si),
ta k e a fte r (by podobnym do);
can t go out to n ia h t I'm i i
o p ie k u j si moim rnat ' . . ,n a f<
m y littl b ro th e r.
Nte
mog wy| dzi wieczorn'"'
7. PRZYIMKI
, c ia U )*^ + ,rom
nbitoi fro m (powstrzymywa si o d ),
differ from (rni si o d ),
.
^ d T
SOmebody / somefhing from
(chroni
hide from (chowo si przed),

Pf7?
prevent fro m (znpobier czemu, przeszkodzi w! ! ! ! " * r m (rWy9nowQ z czego),
suffer from ( o e r p ir f z p o w o d u ),
benefit fro m (czerpa korzyci z),
''
fr m
* e g o ),
. enV.e m (Pchodzi o d , w yw odzi si od)
fr a n * 'a fe fro m (umoczy z);
I resigned fro m w o r k b e c a u s e I w a s n 't p le a s e d w ith

pomewo; nie byam zad o w olo n a z m o je j pensjj
'
m y SO r y
Zrezy9now o)am z procy,
M y n e ighb our suffers fro m a n u n k n o w n d is e a s e - MAiI sqsiod

^ cierpi no meznanq chorob.
czasownik o n :
concentrt on (ko n ce n tro w a si na),
congratulate on (gratulowa z okazji czego),
spend on (wydawa p ie n i d ze na),
insist o n (nalega na),

d e p e n d on (zalee od),
m e d ita te o n (rozmyla nad),
live on (y z czego)
pride onsef on (by dumnym z. szczyci si)
compliment somebody on (chwali komplementowa 20 );
I can always rely o n my b e s t frie n d S o p h ie .
re ly o n (polega na),
ba se o n (bazowa na),
Zawsze mog polega na mojej najlepszej przyjacice
Sophie
I wonted to b e a lo n e b u t M a r k in s is te d o n s ta y in g w ith m e. - Chciaam by samo ale Mark

ftotoga, oby zosta ze m n
czasownik in .
interier* m (wtrca s d o '
b e lie v e in (wierzy w),
specialise in (special zowa si w
s ucce ed in (odnie sukces w

in v o lv e o n e s e lf in (zaangaow a w
result in (zakoriczy s< c :\m s '
VOw b e lie v e in w h a t h e s te llin g u s f - W ierzysz w to c o o n m w 2

M y unc^* s p e c ia lis e s in B io c h e m is try . - M j w u je k sp e q o ltzu je s i w b io ch em ii.
czaso w n ik i n t o :
b re a k in to (w am a si d o .
'nonskit* in to ;* u m o czy n o )
d riv e in to (w je ch a *
crosh into (rozbrC s* o)
cu t in to p rz e o p o k ro i no);
m o / sp lit in to oodrefc no
cm th e c o k e m to fo u r p i
iw a*, 1 W M d, z n o s z * * # K>deo
My
^
croshed h *
book
c o r m o o
five
d w .h o d o n .w c h
f0 fe i sa m o ch d o drzew o
Ktre
ch o p
9 o d l> ^
* ^
3A O
* < cztery
^
no p^ -wdzrow
WIELKA G R A M A T Y K A J Z Y K A A N G I E L S K I E G O
ecop.0 wifh M ^ o b l e z),

deal with (rodzi sol!, mie d o a y n io n lo z),
W ly lomebody wih ' Provid#
* " b od y
with (zoopalrzy w co, zapewni co),

trust - entrust so m e b o d y w ith (powierzy kom u c h a rg e s o m e b o d y w ith (oskara o),
oj
c o m p a r e w ith (porwnywa z),
quarrel w ith (kci si z),
a g r e e w ith (zgadza si z),
com ply w ith (stosowa si do),
d is a g re e w ith (nie zgadza si z),

s y m p a th is e w ith (wspr zu komu),
Single mothers have to cop e w ith e v e ry d a y p ro b le m s o n th e ir o w n .

same radzi sobio
7 codziennymi
Samotni? mafki muvg
problem am i.
Tim was charged w ith stealing the c o m p a n y 's m o n e y .
Tim zosta o s k a r o n y o k ra d z ie / firmowyr I.
pienidzy.
0 The thief that broke
b I couldn't prevent Mork
our house was arrested Iasi week

... telling everyone about my proble .
c
d
e
I.
I'm looking lor someone who con translate these documents

You should concentrate
your project.
Lost night, I dreamt
my new motorbike,
How can we dispose
tho old fridge?
g.
tv
1.
j
Nobody objected
the chairman's decision to lira Paul.
Witl you ever forgive m e
revealing your secret?
look, this beautilul girl is smiling
you.
Stop mtnriermg
my businessl
Ch.nese .
k. Wo ore going to complain

the service in Ibis hotel.
I. My grandlolher died
a mysterious tropical disease.
m. the company will provide you
a laptop, mobile phone and car
n When you change your job, you need to adapt
a completely different environment
W y b ie rz p ra w id fo w q o d p o w ie d :
a I trusted you .... my biggest secret and you betrayed

b. I'm convinced we will succeed ... this enterprise.
c. His illness results .... overwork and bad diet
d. You never compliment me .... my looks! Do you even notice me?
e. We re a.mmg . doubling our profits next year.
(loose, remind me .... mum's birthday, I keep lor
g. John hos committed himsoll .... charily work
h. Tom begged me
help him wtth his essay
! 1My brother cmf you . .Ihis
man, don't
lrus.hr
mis man,
don't trust
him.
j. My brother got angry and t h r e w a book
me
144
d,u noc,t" ku^ych i <o0wun)owriych
a. to
a. in
0 . from
a. to
a. on
a. ot
<f lo
CJ. lo r
a. about
a. to
b. with
b. at
b with
b. on
b. at
b about
b with
b. to
b from
b. at
7.
7 .6 .
P K Z tIM K I
Przymiotniki z przyimkami
Adjectjye + preposition
jak r z e c z o w n ik i i czasowniki,
p-rzyimkami. Naley zwrci uwag, ze
P o d o b n ie
r w n ie p rz y m io tn ik i q czq si w stae zo e n ia
o d p o w ie d n im i
n ie k t re z p rz y m io tn ik w m o g w yst p o w a z d w o m a rnym i
przyimkami:
B p rz y m io tn ik + in :
successful in
(odnoszcy sukcesy w),
in te re s te d in (za in te re s o w a n y czym ),
a b so rb e d in
(pochonity czym),
e x p e rie n c e d in (d o w ia d c z o n y w );
Are y o u in te re s te d in o u r s p e c ia l o ffe r?
C zy jest p a n z a in te re s o w a n y nasz o fe rt s p e c ja ln ?
p rz y m io tn ik + to :
(przywizany do),
com m itted to (oddany, zaangaowany w),
e xp o se d to (naraony na),
faithful to (wierny komu, czemu),
in d iffe re n t to (obojtny wobec),
polite to (uprzejmy, grzeczny dla),
sim ilar to (podobny do),
used to / a c c u s to m e d to (przyzwyczajony
a lle rg ic to (u czu lo n y na),
a tta ched to
e a g e r to (chtny d o ),
a d d ic te d to (u za le n io n y o d ),
nice to / k in d to (m iy d la ),
cru e l to (o kru tn y d la ),
e n g a g e d to (zarczony z),
m a rrie d to (zam na, o n a ty z);
d o ),
This ja c k e t is s im ila r to th e o th e r o n e , b u t s lig h tly d a rk e r. - Ta k u rtka jest p o d o b n a d o ta m te j
drugiej, tylko troch ciemniejsza.

p rz y m io tn ik + a t :
b a d a t (kiepski, sa b y w czym ),
(dobry w czym),
excelle nt a t (wielny w czym),
am azed a t (zdziwiony czym),
shocked a t (zszokowany czym),
g oo d a t
hopeless a t (b e zn a d zie jn y w czym),

surprised a t (zoskoczony czym );
, rn h o p e le ss a t Statistics, p le a s e h e lp m e.
Jestem b e zn a d zie jn a ze statystyki, pro sz , p o m m i.
P rzym io tn ik + w it h :
a n n o y e d w ith (p o d iry to w a n y kim ),
ng ry w ith (zy, z d e n e rw o w a n y n a ko g o )
M fed up with (m le d o czego), ~
Ihe) obsse ssed w ith (m ie o b se sj na p u n k c ie
pleased with / delighted w ith (zadow olony z),

c z e g o ).
disappointed with ( r o k o w a n y czym),
occupied with (zajty czym),
b ored with (znudzony czym),
familiar with (by zazna jom io nym z a y m , zna co), im pressed w ith (pod w raeniem czego);
fe d up w ith y o u r c o m p la in ts l
M a m d o tw o je g o n o rz e k a n ia l
' * im p re sse d w ith y o u r p ro je c tl W e ll d o n e l
Jestem p o d w ra e n ie m .w o ,e g o p ro ,e k tu . Sw ietna
roboto!
d lo poczqku|qcy<:H i oowtmsowanych
A IF7YKA a n g ie l s k ie g o
w . elka gramatyka jzyka a
grotefol for (wdziczny za),

(be) sorry for (aowa, przeprasza za),
(be) desperate for (pragn czego);
a przymiolmk + for:
lit for (nadajcy si do),
responsible for (odpowiedzialny za),
famous for (stawny, znany z),
ready for (gotowy na),
sorry for not telling you the truth. - Bardzo ci przepraszam, e nie powiedziaem ci
I am so
prowdy.
Arayou ready for a new adventure? - Jeste gotowy no now przygod?
przymiotnik + on:
dependent on (zaleny od)
(be) keen on (by mionikiem czego);
I am not very keen on sports. - Nie jestem zbytnim mionikiem sportu.

przymiotnik + of:
(be) ashamed of (wstydzi si czego),
(be) afraid of (ba si czego),
scared of (przestraszony czym),
terrified of (przeraony czym),
aware of / conscious of (wiadomy czego),
jealous of (zazdrosny o),
proud of (dumny z),
tired of (zmczony czym),
typical of (typowy dla},
critical of (krytyczny wobec).
conscious of (wiadomy czego),

capable of (zdolny do),
incapable of (niezdolny do),
guilty of (winny czego),
(be) fond of (by wielbicielem czego),
nice of / kind of (mio z jego, jej strony),
stupid of (gupio z jego, ej strony),
suspicious of (podejrzliwy o co),
certain of (pewny czego),
independent of (niezaleny od);
Mrs Brown's son was found guilty of mugging and theft. - Syn pani Brown zosta uznany
za winnego napadu i kradziey.
m. w ogrodzie'Ce ^ ^
***
^ 90rC*en* ~ T bordzo mio z twojej strony, e pomoge
przymiotnik + from:
different from (inny rny od),
derived from (pochodzcy od),
safe from (bezpieczny od);
am very different from my sister d

y ster. - Bardzo si rni od mojej siostry.
przymiotnik + about;
excited about (podekscytowany czym).
womed about (zmartwiony czym),
be wrong about (nie m.e roq,)
7 obou' Mowo, przeprasza zol
anxious about (zaniepokojony czym!

certain about (pewny czego),
e) right about ( m i e racj),
ongry about annoyed about (zy pod,^ .

lV, podirytowany czym, z powodu czego);
e y u crtain about that? - u e*** *

I'm afraid that you ar*
i
pewna?
re wron9 bout this motter. . O bo
PoczîiuIVch , ioo.onso.ooKh
wam si, e nie mosz w tej kwestii racji.
7. PRZYIMKI
przymiotnik + b y :
i 10),
cmozed by (zdziwiony czym),

shocked by (zszokowany czym),
surprised by (zaskoczony czym),

impressed by (pod wraeniem czego).
i);
My boss was impressed by my project. - Szef by pod wraeniem mojego projektu.
faem
WICZENIA
Uzupenij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n im i p rz y im k a m i:
a. It was really stupid

b. I'm interested
c.
d.
e.
I.
g.
h.
i.
.
k.
you to walk alone in the park at night.

your proposition, what are the details?
James is excellent
Chemistry, he has even got a scholarship.
I'm allergic...............dust, that's why we keep the house so clean.
Who was responsible
the accident?
I'm greatly disappointed
your behaviour.
Are you keen
going to the mountains with us?
Mr Smith is very proud
his son Tom who works as an analyst for NASA.
I'm really grateful
your support, I wouldn't have been able to do it without you.
Jane is obsessed
her looks, I'm afraid she needs counselling.
I'm used
getting up early, I have to commute to work everyday.
I- Im ashamed
you, Tom! How could you be so rude?!
Uzupenij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n im i p rz y im k a m i:
utnOW
gnOB*
0. How can you blame m e .............................the fact you got fired?

b. I'm really excited .......................... our trip to Tunisia. I can't wait.
r- I don't wanl to get involved
- your fishy business.
d- I d like to express my deepest gratitude...........................yur êlp anc^support.
e People are more indifferent ..................... misery and cruelty nowadays than they used to be
in t h e p a s t .
1 got furious when Tom made a rude comment............................ my looks.
9- My parents were really disappointed................... me when they saw my poor school results.
b- It's my last attempt.............................contacting him.
1
school cannot approve
such obscene behaviour.
i- lf was really stupid ........................... her to walk alone in the park at night.
P
all sympathise...........................the victims' families.
1. Onlv ik u l .
i
Y ,he highest management has access......................
>'
the company's financial data.
W IELKA G R A M A T Y K A J Z Y K A A N G I E L S K I E G O
P rz e tu m a c z n a j z y k a n g ie ls k i:
o. Jestem u z a le n io n a o d c z e k o la d y .
b. M o ja m a m a nie u b ie ra si m o d n ie , p o n ie w a
jost
/ b y p r z y w ig z o n a d o i w o u
li '.taryf h ulu-,.,
c. Jestem zn u d zo n a tym k o n c e rte m , c h o d im y d o d o m u
d. M j p rzyjaciel by zazdrosny o rnj sukces, d la te g o | u / n m r o z m a w ia m y
(l Ml* *#!#### K H IIKH III

e. M ia a ra c i c o d o n ie g o
f.
to k a m c a !
Bill n ie jest z d o ln y d o skrzyw dzenia k o g o k o lw ie k
g. To m ia s to jest zn a n e z p i k n e g o p a a c u i w in n ic
h. Mary jest zawsze chtna do pomocy
/u#
8 . Liczebniki N u m e r a ls
w jzyku angielskim dzielimy na dwie due grupy: liczebniki gwne
oraz lic z e b n ik i porzdkowe ( O r d i n a l n u m e r a l s ) .
L ic z e b n ik i
( C a r d in a l n u m e r a ls )
8 1. Liczebniki gwne - formy i zastosowanie

Cardinal numerals
Liczebniki od 1 d o 12:
1 one,
2 two,
4 fo u r,
7 seven,
10
5 five ,
8 e ig h t,
11 e le v e n ,
3 three,
6 six,
9 n in e ,
12
ten,
tw e lv e .
Liczebniki od 13 do 19 tworzymy dodajc kocwk - t e e n do liczebnikw 3-9. Naley zwrci uwag na

nieregulornoci w pisowni liczby 13 i 15:
13 thirteen,
1 5 fifte e n ,
1 7 se ve n te e n ,
14 fourteen,
1 6 s ix te e n ,
1 8 e ig h te e n ,
1 9 nin e te e n .
Liczebniki oznaczajce dziesitki tworzymy za pomoc kocwki - t y . Naley zwrci uwag na nieregulamoci
w pisowni, szczeglnie liczebnika 40, w ktrym nie wystpuje u , jak w liczebniku 4 f o u r :
20 tw enty,
4 0 fo rty ,
6 0 s ix ty ,
8 0 e ig h ty ,
30 thirty,
5 0 fifty ,
7 0 se ve n ty,
9 0 nin ety.
Liczebniki takie jak sto", tysic", milion" poprzedzamy w jzyku angielskim przedimkiem nieokrelonym
a lub innym liczebnikiem gwnym. Wyrazy te, kiedy wystpuj w funkcji liczebnika, nie maj nigdy
w liczbie mnogiej kocwki - 5 :
1 0 0 (sto)
1,0 0 0
1 /0 0 0 ,0 0 0 (milion)
1 /0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 (miliard 1 0 ')
1 /000 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 (bilion 1 0 2)
a h u n d re d ,
a th o u s a n d ,
(tysic)
a m illio n ,
a b illio n ,
a trillio n .
lf1ne liczby:
56 fifty-six 8 9 e ig hty-n ine, 1 0 2 o n e h u n d re d a n d tw o , 2 6 8 tw o h u n d re d a n d s ix ty -e ig h t, 9 3 0 nine
hundred a n d th irty, 1 ,8 2 5 o n e th o u s a n d e ig h t h u n d re d a n d tw e n ty-five , 5 , 0 8 0 fiv e th o u s a n d a n d
*'9hty. 6 8 ,5 0 0 sixty e ig h t th o u s a n d fiv e h u n d re d , 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 tw o h u n d re d th o u s a n d , 9 0 0 , 0 5 0 nine

ni
Jodred thousand a n d fifty
GRAMATYKA J Z Y K A A N G I E L S K I E G O
WIELKA
A o lirzbv oddzielnie podajemy liczb np. tysicy, potem
nnP ze czytajc lub zapisujc duze

HoW ,
^
d tocznik and 0)
setek o nastpnie dziesitek q
gdy dziesitek nie ma.
rzeczownika:
* l , 'k P
dziesitkami lub przed jednociomi,
casjn0 _ Mj brat straci w kasynie setki dolarw.
K , *= Formula I cars a , , h . . h ib i.lo n cu n .ru , - T ,s i ,c . M n

Obu,a s o m o c h o d y F o r m * I c . o l n r m s o w o w y m
There are m illions o f stars in the sky. - No niebie sq miliony gwiazd.
Zastosowanie licze b n ik w g w n y c h
k i i
Liczebniki gwne w jzyku angielskim stosujemy w poniej okrelonych kontekstach. N a le y zwrci

uwag na rnice w stosunku do jzyka polskiego, zwaszcza w podawaniu godziny oraz sposobie czytania
uamkw:
okrelanie liczby osb, przedmiotw, zjawisk itp.
20 people (20 osb),
48 hours (48 godzin),
1 6 d a y s (16 dni),
1 ,5 0 0 b o x e s (1500
pudeek);
podawanie godziny:
6.00
8.20 tw e n ty
six o clock (szsta godzina),

5 .5 0 ten to six (za dziesi szsta),
p a s t e ig h t (dwadziecia po smej);
okrelanie wieku:
M y mum is 52 years old . - Mojo mama ma 52 lata.
M y b rothe r is 12. - Mj brat ma 12 lot.
You must be 18 to vote . - Musisz mie
1 8 lat, eby gosowa.
podawanie numeracji oraz numerw telefonw:

room 35 (potj Myd !cI p i .
* "
>ol . j
. u I d o u b l. s e v e n , , h . fiv e ;
s s a a s r * K ri:
* '*iooor : r r
"K : k '
or
2 0 0 9 tw o th o u s a n d a n d n in e ,
oyiane
akr, o d d n e L ^ '
o r & i T "
5 .9 % five (point) nine pe r cent,
150
d l P M rqlkuiqcych I zaawansowanych
0W09U. i . w sry.fc,,
-a
pp p ij
8. LIC Z E BN IK I
f podawanie kwot pienidzy:

$ 25 twenty-five d o lla rs ,
S 7.55 seven d o lla rs fifty -fiv e ,
150 a hu ndred a n d f if t y p o u n d s ;
, gdy liczebnik wystpuje wraz z rzeczownikiem w liczba rw j

a ten-dollar no te (banknot dziesiciodolarowy)
^ YnCZe, W
C,i P^Wofniko
a two-kilo m elon (dwukilogramowy melon);
i podawanie wynikw meczw :

4 - 2 four two (cztery dwa / cztery do dwch),
2 - 0 two nil (dwa zero / dwa do zera).
WICZENIA
Zapisz cyfry sownie:
o.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
12
i. 113
15
29
41
56
97
. 185
k. 320
I. 576
m. 611
n. 999
o. 1044
p . 1315
g. 100
h. 108
Wpisz cyfr lub zapisz jq sownie:
a- 2 11 ................................................
b. 104 ..............................
c- 349 .......................
^ .....................................six hundred and eight
. .....................................four hundred and ninety-three

' 2,700 .........................................................................
.....................................four hundred ond fifty thousand seven hundred and six
h 35,736 ..................................................................
............................. three hundred thousand four hundred and seventy-two
................ one thousand seven hundred and sixty
'3,779
1 73,501
W IELKA G R A M A T Y K A J Z Y K A A N G I E L S K I E G O
Uzupenij zdania podanymi cyframi, zapisz je sownie.

a. About (2 5 )............................................ people were invited to the party.
b. I'm (2 0 )..............................................and my brother is ( 3 ) ................................
he is (2 3 )............................................ ..
c. Please, open your books on page (6 3 )...................................................
d. The film starts at (6 ) ...............................................o'clock.
e. The area code to Germany is (4 9 )..................................................
f. I was born in (1 9 8 0 )...............................................
g. The apples are ( 2 .2 0 )...............................................
kj|0 .
h. I have about (1 7 5 )...............................................C Ds in m y collection.
years older than me
g 2 Liczebniki porzqdkowe - formy

I
j zastosowanie Ordinal numerals
1 * first (pierwszy),
2^ second (drugi),
3,d third (trzeci),
4* fourth (czwarty),
6,h s ix th (szsty),
5 th fifth (piqly),
1 0 ,h tenth (dziesity).
7 th s e v e n th (sidmy),
8,h e ig h th (smy),
9 ,h n in th (dziewity),
Jprcz pierwszych trzech, pozostae liczebniki porzdkowe w jzyku angielskim tworzymy dodajc do
iczebnika gwnego kocwk - t h . Wszystkie nastpne, oprcz zoe z f i r s t , s e c o n d , t h i r d , tworzymy
w ten sam sposb. Liczebniki dziesitne koczce si na - y , po dodaniu - t h , zmieniaj kocwk na
liie t h
1 1* eleventh (jedenasty),
12th tw elfth (dwunasty),
5 4 ,h fifty fo u rth (pidziesity czwarty),
15,K fifteenth (pitnasty),
100,h h u n d re d th (setny),
102 nd h u n d re d a n d se co n d (sto drugi),
1000,h th o u s a n d th (tysiczny).
20h tw entieth (dwudziesty),

21 u tw enty first (dwudziesty pierwszy),
6 0 ,h s ix tie th (szedziesity),
42nd fo rty second (czterdziesty drugi),

Zastosowanie lic z e b n ik w p o rz d k o w y c h
Rwnie w przypadku liczebnikw porzdkowych naley zwrci uwag na rnice midzy jzykiem
ingielskim i polskim, a szczeglnie na sposb odczytywania dat po angielsku:
podawanie kolejnoci, wyliczanie przedmiotw, osb, zjawisk; liczebnik porzdkowy w roli przymiotnika
wystpuje zowsze z przedimkem okrelonym t h e :
the first time I saw h e r (pierwszy raz, gdy j zobaczyem),
the second ro w on the le ft (drugi rzd po lewej stronie),
the fifth person on the list (pita osoba na licie);
podawanie dat dziennych. W jzyku angielskim dni miesica podajemy zawsze za pomoc liczebnikw
porzdkowych. Naley pamita o koniecznoci uycia przedimka t h e przed liczebnikiem. Naley
pamita, e przedimek t h e oraz przyimek o f nie wystpuj nigdy w zapisie dat, podajemy je tylko
czytajc. Daty w jzyku angielskim czytamy w nastpujcy sposb:
O cto b e r (the sixth o f O c to b e r),
2 1 M a y (the tw en ty-first o f M a y ),
7 February (the second o f F e b ru a ry ),
1 1 1, N o ve m b e r,
1 9 1 8 (th e e le ve n th o f N o v e m b e r, n in e te e n e ig h t een
l 4 July, 1 7 8 9 (the fo u rte e n th o f July, seventeen e ig h ty -n in e );
io' yV,Qbc.<i.pl
dla poczqtkuiqcych zaaw ansow anych
153
WIELKA G R A M A T Y K A J Z Y K A A N G I E L S K I E G O
Istnieje te inny zapis d a t i tro c h in n y s p o s b ic h c z y ta n ia :
O c to b e r 6 ,h ( O c to b e r th e s ix th ),
M a y 2 1 ( M a y the tw e n ty -firs t),
F e b ru a ry 2 nd (F e b ru a ry th e s e c o n d ),
czytanie uamkw zwykych. W jzyku angielskim licznik uam ka czytany jest zawsze za pomocq
liczebnika gwnego, za mianownik - porzdkowego. Jeli licznik jest wikszy ni jeden, liczebnik
w mianowniku wystpuje w liczbie mnogiej.
a q ua rte r (wier, jedna czwarta),
V 2 a h a lf (poowa, jedna druga),
V4
V5 one fifth (jedna pita),
3/ 4 three quarters (trzy czwarte),
3 V 3th re e a n d a th ird (trzy i jedna trzecia),

3/7 three sevenths (trzy sidme);
2/ 5
przy imionach wadcw, papiey:

H e n ry V III (Henry th e Eighth),
John XXIII (John the Twenty-third),
C harles II (Charles the Second).
t w o fifth s (dwie pite),
Od liczebnikw
gw n ych u tw rz p o rz d k o w e :
a. 3
g. 86
b. 7
h. 1 1 1
e. 49
i. 135
j. 273
k. 621
f. 51
I.
c. 12
d. 22
1,000
Jak przeczytasz ponisze daty?

a. 02.02.1981
b. 01.05.1842
c. 23.10.1916
d. 31.12.1848
e. 15.09.2010
f. 25.04.1800
g. 0 1 .0 1 . 2 0 0 0
h. 17.03.2009
Uzupenij zdania odpowiednimi liczebnikami, gwnymi lub porzdkowymi:

o My grandma is (8 6 )
years old.
b. It's (5 )................................................................... time I've called him, but it's busy all the time.
c. Tom is ( 1 )
person I have told about my problem.
d. I've worked for this company for ( 1 2 ) .................................................................years.

e- Pope John Paul (2) .......................... is one of the most important people in Polish history.
1- I was born on 2 2 .0 5 .1 9 7 2 ....................................................................
9- My uncle got married at the age of (81)

................................................. to a nurse who was only
(23)
years old.
h. For my birthday, Henry bought me ( 2 5 )............................................................... rec^roses
W IE L K A G R A M A T Y K A J Z Y K A
ANGIELSKIEGO
8 3 Liczebniki wielokrotne i wielorakie
Repeating and multiplicative numerals

Dwie e isze grup, liczebnika to liczebniki wielokrotne oraz liczebniki wielorakie.
L icze b n iki w ie lo k ro tn e okrelaj wielokrotno jakiego zjawiska, wydarzenia
podstawowe z nich:
o n ce (raz),
lub czynnoci. Oto
tw ic e jd w a razy),
th re e tim es (trzy razy),
f ur **mes (cztery razy),
fiv e tim es (pi razy),
The p o stm an com es tw ic e a w e e k .
Listonosz przychodzi dwa razy w tygodniu.
I h a ve c a lle d the kid s fo u r tim e s to
com e
dow n
fo r
d in n e r
b u t t h e y 'r e
busy
pla yin g.
- Ju cztery razy woaam dzieci, aby zeszy na obiad, ale s zbyt zajte zabaw .
Licze b n iki w ie lo ra k ie okrelaj liczb opcji, rozwiza lub kombinacji, np.
ilo czci wchodzcych w skad pewnej caoci, np.

wielorakie w jzyku angielskim:
d o u b le
threefold (trzykrotny), oraz
(podwjny). O to najwaniejsze liczebniki
sin g le (pojedynczy, jednokrotny, jednoraki),

d o u b le (podwjny, dwukrotny, dwojaki),
trip le lub tre b le (potrjny, trzykrotny, trojaki),
tw o fo ld (dwukrotny, dwojaki) * (rzadko uywane),
th re e fo ld (trzykrotny, trojaki) * (rzadko uywane),
q u a d ru p le (poczwrny, czterokrotny, czworaki),
q u in tu p le (piciokrotny, picioraki) * (rzadko uywane).
The n u m b e r o f u n e m p lo y e d is n e a rly tr ip le w h a t it w a s la s t
trzykrotnie wysza w porwnaniu z zeszym rokiem
y e a r- - Liczba bezrobotnych jest
O u r q u a d ru p le sculls w o n a g o ld m e d a l a t th e O ly m D ic s
zoty medal na olimpiadzie.
aszo Pdwjna czwrka zdobya
4. Dziaania matematyczne Calculations

'sowowe dziaania matematyczne mona w jzyku angielskim opisywa na kilka rnych sposobw:
dodawanie (addition)
3 + 2 = 5 three plus two makes five lub three plus two js five lub three plus two equals five;
odejmowanie (subtraction)
9 - 5 = 4 nine m inu s fiv e is (m a k e s / e q u a ls ) fo u r lub fiv e s u b tra c te d fro m n in e e q u a ls
(is / makes) four;
mnoenie (m ultiplication)
5 x 5 = 2 5 fiv e tim e s fiv e is (m a k e s / e q u a ls ) tw e n ty -fiv e lub fiv e m u ltip lie d b y fiv e m a k e s
tw enty-five;
dzielenie (division)
20 : 4 = 5 fo u r in to tw e n ty is (m a k e s / e q u a ls ) fiv e lub tw e n ty d iv id e d b y fo u r is (m a k e s /
equals) five;
potgowanie (e x p o n e n tia tio n )
102 = 100 ten
s q u a re d e q u a ls a h u n d re d ,
53 = 125 five ra is e d to th e p o w e r o f th re e is o n e h u n d re d a n d tw e n ty -fiv e .

w ic z e n ia
Q
Zapisz s o w a m i p o n i s z e d z ia a n ia m a te m a ty c z n e :
o. 85 - 40 = 45
b. 13 + 17 = 30
c. 54 : 6 = 9
..................................................................
...................................................................
.................................................... .........
d. 4 x 8 = 32
....................... .........................................
e 65 = 36..................... ...................................................................
I 15x 3 = 45............. ................................................................
9-50:5= 10
*
h. 60 - 8 = 52
*.... .................
ezykiobc.e.p|
d la pocztkujcych i zaaw ansow onych
157
W IELKA GRAM ATYKA Z Y K A A N G I E L S K I E G O
D PrzniWz zdonio no iWk angielski, cyfr, zapisz stawnie:

Mwiam ci 100 razy, e nie pjd na to przyjcie!
b. Urodziny
^ 4 g ru d nia','w ic dosloje dw o ro z , w i c e i p re z e n t w n i in n i.
c. Dostalimy bilety w pierwszym rzdzie, wic doskonale widzielimy scen.

d. Pan Brown straci w kasynie setki dolarw.
e. Ta sukienka kosztuje 12 funtw i 50 pensw.
f.
Czytam drugi
g. Wstaam o 5
w kolejce.
tom powieci, ktr mi polecie.

rano, eby
h. Mr Forrester zarabia tyle
stan w kolejce po biletyna
koncert U2 i na szczcie byam czwarta
pienidzy, e jedn trzecio d d a je n a c e le c h a ry ta ty w n e .
0 - P ^ 7 , n i .
-,
i. Tylko raz powiem ci, co masz zrobi. Nie bd si powtarza........................................................................
9, Tryb r o z k a z u j c y
Imperatives
9 1 Tryb rozkazujcy w zdaniach twierdzcych
jo brozkazujcy w jzyku angielskim dla drugiej osoby liczby pojedynczej i mnogiej tworzymy za pomoc
podstawowej formy czasownika. W zdaniach twierdzcych suy on do wyraenia nakazu, polecenia lub
dania:
Be quiet! - Bd cicho! lub Bdcie cicho!
Go to your room! - Id do swojego pokoju! lub Idcie do swojego pokoju!
Turn the radio down! - cisz radio! lub ciszcie radio!
Dodajc please (prosz), mona za pomoc trybu rozkazujcego wyrazi rwnie grzeczne proby,
zarwno do osoby, do ktrej zwracamy si na ty", jak i pan, pani":
Please, close the window. - Prosz, zamknij okno. lub Prosz zamkn okno. lub Prosz, zamknijcie
okno.
Please, help me. - Prosz, pom mi. lub Prosz mi pomc, lub Prosz, pomcie mi.
9.2. Czasownik let

^zasowniko le t uywamy, aby utworzy formy trybu rozkazujcego dla pierwszej i trzeciej osoby liczby
Aedynczej i mnogiej. Dla pierwszej osoby liczby mnogiej przyjmuje on zazwyczaj form le t s, skrt od
let us:
Let me help y o u ! - Pozwl, e ci pomog!
^
me have a lo o k . - Niech spojrz. (Pozwl, e spojrz.)
us ^ ep yo u ! - Pozwl, e ci pomoemy!
ê $ go to the c in e m a ! - Chodmy do kina!

^
w h a te v e r h e w a n ts ! - Niech robi, co chce.
Le Jane make h e r o w n d e c is io n s ! - Niech Jane sama podejmuje decyzje!
W IELKA G R A M A TY K A
Tryb roTlrnfjTY w przeczeniach

rozkazujcym wyraamy zakazy. Dla drugiej osoby liczby pojedyncze,
Za pomoc przeczenia w dybie
i mnogiej, przeczenia tworzymy, dodaRC d o n
Don' go th e re ! Nie id tam! lub Nie idae tam!
Don't opon ,h . door! - N i. o l.i.ro i < M I L b N i. Otvo.ro,c . dr.wt!
W
som sposb tw o o ,", p
dla < * osob, lic b y p o i.d y n a .it
Niech on tam nie idzie!

D o n 't le t he r o p e n the d o o r l - Niech ona nie otwiera drzwi!
D o n 't le t him g o th e re !
Dla pierwszej osoby liczby mnogiej przeczenie tworzymy, dodajc
n o t.
Nie idmy tam!

Let's n o t o p e n the d o o r!
Nie otwierajmy drzwi!
Let's n o t g o th e re !
9.4.
Konstrukcja to be + to + bezokolicznik
Konstrukcji to b e
to
b e z o k o lic z n ik uywamy, aby wyrazi, e co musi si wydarzy zgodnie
z wczeniejszymi ustaleniami lub aby wyrazi nakaz czy instrukcj:
He is to g iv e a speech.
Ma przemawia.
I am to clean up m y ro o m b e fo re d a d c o m e s b a c k fr o m w o r k .
Mam posprzta mj pokj,
zanim tata wrci z pracy, (poniewa mama mi kazaa)

W e a re to g re e t the guests a t the a ir p o r t.
o n e is to
Marny przywita goci na lotnisku.
a ysit h e r sister on S a tu rd a y e v e n in g .
Jane ma opiekowa si siostr w sobotni
wieczr.
W IC Z E N IA
P rze kszta z d a n ia na try b ro z k a z u j c y :
a. You should call your mother.

b. You should go to the doctor.
c Morl^ should do the shopping.
d. We should take a few days off from work.
c t'ou should drive carefully
I. You should go to bed early.
g. Betty should take the dog for q walk
h You should be quiet
i. You shouldn't listen to loud music.
j. You shouldn't be so rude.
k. We shouldn't go to the seaside, we should
I. He shouldn't behove like this
i /.n
mountains.
9. TRYB ROZKAZUJCY
Prz
eksztalcajqc niektre z podanych sw, u zdania w trybie rozkazujcym:
Io you / go / room / to
b. you / turn off / TV
c. he / help / in the garden
.................................................................................
t...........................
,....
a they / do the shopping / for grandma
....................................................................... ........
v................
I / help / you I wth heavy suitcase.................. ....................................... .........................................

I
/ clean / the flat
.................................................................................
w
g
h,
.
j,
you / wash / the dishes

*................. ............
she / do / homework
....................................... ................................. .......
you / not drive / so fast
.................................................................................
the children / wash hands / come kitchen .................................................................................
Uzupenij zdania podanymi czasownikami:

have
stop
go
marry
talk
put on
forget
send
be
go out
tell
make
a. Don't................................. so loud, the kids are asleep.

b....................................talking on the phone! I'm not going to pay your bill.
c. Don't.................................. in that jacket! It's too cold.
d..................................... a warm sweater!
e. Please,...................................me a cup of coffee.
f. Remember! Always .....................................breakfast in the morning before you leave home.
g. Don't.................................. to buy a present for grandma. It's her birthday.
h..................................... home before midnight!
i...................................... to the doctor with that cough!
i...................................... me an e-mail to confirm our meeting.
k. Don't.................................. anyone about this.
f Don't...................................this man!

o
b.
Id d o s w o j e g o
i z r b
m i, c o
Z r b m y p r z y j c ie
e - K u p m y je j n a
m a m
n ie s p o d z ia n k
K a te !
u r o d z in y s z c z e n ia k a !
n ie t r a k t u je
N ie c h o n i ju i d
N ie id m y
M am
d o
ja k
d z ie c k o !
ieôbcepl
c i
|o k d z ie c k o !
d o m u !
tam !
czeka na
T om a
M a m y s k o c z y te n
d la
N ie o k a m u j m n i e !
h- N ie c h o n a
i-
d o m o w !
r o b i !
P rz e s ta z a c h o w y w a s i
9-
p ra c
Z a m k n ij s i !
c - N ie m w
J
p o k o ju
na
p rz y s ta n k u .
p r o je k t d o
p i tk u .
dlo pocztkujcych zaawansowanych
Czasy Tenses
P re se n t S im p le
10.1. Czas teraniejs:
Czas Present Simple jest teraniejszym czasem prostym, uywanym na co dzie do opisywa
tynowych zaj, czynnoci powtarzajcych si, a take stanw, uczu i opinii.
ru
10.1.1. Forma twierdzca, przeczenia

i pytania
. ft*
\(F
i. ; * * * *
Bstessreoat "
Twierdzenia
C z a s o w n ik
P re se n t S im p le
to ,
tr z e c ie j o s o b ie
je d y n ie
p r z y jm u je
lic z b y
tz w .
p o je d y n c z e j
fo rm
p o d s ta w o w
(he, s h e , it)
w s z y s tk ic h p o z o s t a y c h o s b f o r m a c z a s o w n ik a s i n i e
I w ork
h Si
k o n ie c z n e
w e w o rk
(m y
yo u w o rk
( ty p r a c u j e s z ) ,
he / she / it works
(o n / o n a
o n o
ta k
s a m
je s t
ja k
d o d a n ie
b e z o k o l i c z n i k bez
ko c w ki
-s
D lo
z m ie n ia :
( ja p r a c u j ) ,
you w ork
th e y w o r k
p r a c u je ) ,
(w y
p r a c u je m y ) ,
c*tas soiostaydh a
p r a c u je c ie ) ,
( o n i, o n e
p r a c u j ) .
a
O to
p r z y k a d o w e z d a n ia w c z a s ie
P re s e n t S im p le :
I always feel hungry after swimming.

You speak English very w ell.
P o p y w a n iu
B a rd z o d o b rz e
zaw sze
m w is z p o
Jane is a nurse, she looks after e ld e rly p e o p le .

t.
c z u j
s i g o d n a .
a n g ie ls k u .
Ja n e
je s t
p ie l g n ia r k ,
o p ie k u je
s i s ta rs z y m
osobami.
I gotujemy
r r fr'endsr0Und nd C0 k f r hem- " CzstozaProszarny naszych znajomy^
They live m a beautiful house in the countryside.
Zalenie od tego, na jak liter koczy

kocwki -s:
pass
he, she it n
( o g l d a n p . t e le w iz je ) ;
he
-t
s L
copy
p i k n y m
d o m u
n a w s i.
n ie r e g u la r n o c i p rz y d o d a ^ c
-e s :
he, she,
W QS^
tm y ) :
re la x
( r e la k s o w a
it
s i ) :
washgs,
he, she, i t
r e la x e s
-ies:
(p r b o w a ):
p e w n e
d o d a je n n y k o c w k
g d y c z a s o w n ik z a k o c z o n y je s t n o s p g o s k +
o tr z y m u j c k o c w k
try
sO i 's
w otc e,
ftdu
m ie s z k a j
s i - s s . . s h
watch
O n i
s i c z a s o w n ik , w y s t p u j
d o c z a s o w n ik w k o c z c y c h
( z d a w a n p . e g z a m in )
y , s a m o g o s k y
z a m ie n ia m y n a I o r a z d o d a ie
-<?5|
' X ^ Vick
s >
he, she, it tri$.
( k o p io w a ) :
he, she, it c o p i^ j,
study
( s t u d i o w a , u c z y s i )
he, she,
v v
162
d' Wtkujcych ,
oowansowooych
.-.i*:
10. CZASY
vv pi/ypodku czasownikw zako czonych na samogosk \

* p r e s e n t Sim ple dodajemy po prostu kocwk - s :
soy (mwi): he, she, it sa ys,
y,
nie zachodzi adna zmiana i w czasie
b u y (kupowa): he, she, it b u y s ;
kocwk -es dodajemy take do czasownikw zakoczonych na -O:

do (robi): he, she, it doft$,
go (i): he, she, it goes,
przeczenia
po tworzenia pyta i przecze w czasie P r e s e n t S i m p l e konieczny jest czasownik posikowy d o lub
does Formy d o e s uywamy z trzeci osob liczby pojedynczej ( h e , s h e , it), ze wszystkimi pozostaymi
wymagany jest czasownik posikowy d o . Naley zapamita, e w pytaniach i przeczeniach czasownik
gwny ma dla wszystkich osb tak sam form form bezokolicznika bez kocwki - s . Dla trz e c ie j
osoby liczby p o je d y n c z e j ( h e , s h e , it), przeczenie w czasie P r e s e n t S i m p l e formuujemy przy pomocy
does not (lub doesn't) oraz podstawowej formy czasownika, bez kocwki - s . Oto przykady:
He doesn't ea t b re a k fa s t in the m o rn in g . - On rano nie je niadania.
She d o esn't w o rk a t the h o s p ita l a n y m o re . Ona |u nie pracuje w szpitalu.
It doesn't ra in m uch in S p a in in J u ly . - W lipcu w Hiszpanii nie pada obficie.
p y ta n ia i
Dla wszystkich p o z o s ta y c h o s b przeczenie tworzymy za pomoc czasownika posikowego d o n o t
(lub d o n 't) oraz podstawowej formy czasownika, bez kocwki. Oto przykady:
I don't like v e g e ta b le s . - Nie lubi warzyw.
If you d o n 't w a n t to h e lp m e , g o h o m e . - Jeli nie chcesz mi pomc, id do domu.
Pytania w
Present
trzeciej osoby liczby
tworzymy, stawiajc na pocztku czasownik posikowy do lub d o e s (dla

pojedynczej), potem podmiot, a nastpnie czasownik w formie bezokolicznika,
S im p le
bez kocwki -S:
You like this C D . - Podoba ci si ta pyta.

Do you like this CD? - Czy podoba ci si ta pyta?
Yes, I do.
lu b N o ,
I d o n 't.
Tak, podoba mi si. lub Nie, nie podoba mi si.
He wants to g o skiin g . - On chce jecha na narty.

Does he w a n t to g o skiin g ? - Czy on chce jecha na narty?
Yes, he does, lub N o , he d o e s n 't. - Tak, chce. lub Nie, nie chce.
Do they o rg a n ise such lo u d p a rtie s e v e ry w e e k e n d ? - Czy oni organizuj takie gone imprezy
w kady weekend?
y es, they do . lub N o , th e y d o n 't. - Tak, organizuj, lub Nie, nie organizuj.
Pytania otwarle tworzymy, doda,qc przed czasownikiem posikowym d o lub d o e s odpowiedni zaimek lub
Przyswek: w h a t (co), w h e r e (gdzie), w h e n (kiedy), w h y (dlaczego), h o w o f t e n (jak czsto), w h a t
me
(ile) itd.
W bat do you d o e v e ry m o rn in g ?
Co robisz codziennie rano?
^here does she w o rk ? - Gdzie ona pracuje?
H w often d o yo u g o to the c in e m a ? - Jak czsto chodzisz do kina?
(o
ktrej godzinie),
how m any
m uch
i.llii p o c*q ku |q cych zaaw ansow unycb
WIELKA B K ""
I I r%*
u Ch nie wystpuje czaso w nik p o s ik o w y d o lub d o e s , jest w h o fety
Jedynymi zaimkom, pytajnyrrn, po W

^
|ubw h a t(c o ),o le ^ w p y tjo c
P ^ ^
/V
q wykonawc czynnoic W takich pytany

w formie ,rzece, osoby liczby p o je d yn cze j,
bezporednio po w n o u
- K lp c h d o d ,*
W h o likes chocolate? - Kto lubi czekolad?

W h o lives here? - Kto tu mieszka?
ay'0*
W h a t stands there? - Co tam stoi?
'
Dlo odrnienia, P N ia c h o dopenienie, kied, -,konoco czynnoici es. nany, po h . p o * * , p ,
zodme z zosodq, czasownik posikowy
i czasowmk w bezokoliczniku.
W h o do you w a n t to invite to y o u r p a rty ? - Kogo chcesz zaprosi na swo|e przyicie
do
lub
does
W h o does he like the most? - Kogo on najbardziej lubi?
ft .!)0 ao
10.1.2. Zastosow anie
Prt
I'
Teagnsoys not ft
Czasu P r e s e n t
S im p le
uywa si:
do mwienia o czynnociach powtarzanych regularnie, nawykw, przyzwyczaje, czynnoci rutynowych.

Czas P r e s e n t S im p le nie opisuje czynnoci odbywajcej si w momencie mwienia, lecz tak, ktro
powtarza si z pewn czstotliwoci. Okreleniami typowymi dla tego czasu s zatem takie okoliczniki
iQk: a lw a y s (zawsze), n e v e r (nigdy), o f t e n (czsto), s o m e t i m e s (czasami), u s u a l l y (zazwyczaj),
r a r e l y / s e ld o m (rzadko), f r o m t i m e t o t i m e (od czasu do czasu), o c c a s i o n a l l y (sporadycznie)
oraz zoenia z e v e r y (kady, kada) takie jak na przykad: e v e r y d a y (kadego dnia), e v e r y
evening (kadego wieczoru), e v e r y F r i d a y (w kady pitek), e v e r y y e a r (co roku) itd.
I never eat seafood. - Nigdy nie jadam owocw morza.
My brother seldom reads bo oks. - Mj brat rzadko czyta ksiki.
We go to a club every S a tu rd a y. - W kad sobot chodzimy do klubu.
ac z cznikiem, w henever oroz w hen w znaczeniu zawsze kiedy" oraz w zdaniach
wZZ
r
;r"e
9
o
v
*'
.u,
..
When J o a n T a T a h ^ T k eel,Sad' ~ Zowsze- kiedy pada deszcz, jest mi smutno.
1
kqpiel
60 C
* 6 'teS ' ng âth. - Kiedy Joan boli gowa, bierze gorc
If it rains, w e 'll stay ot home. - Jeli bdzie poda, zostaniemy w domu.
mwic o zjowiskach, zdarze,och kt

naukowe:
'
Sq zawsze prawdziwe, np. prawa natury lub stwierdzenia
The sun rises in the east - StnAre
The earth goes around the sun 7
C arrots d o n 't g ro w an trees
164
WSch d*ie
.M a th e T T *
W k6t
Marchewki nie rosn na drzewach.
dla poczqlkuiqcych . aowanowonych
\ letter from A r
rfadujest&rOf)
'scdiiccTen,
W ien hegeh
î^vbtegc
' fM od.j*
10, CZASY
mwic o opiniach, sugestiach, uczuciach. Czasowniki wyraajce posiadanie, czynnoci zmysw

|jb czynnoci umysowe w czasie teraniejszym zazwyczaj wystpuj w P r e s e n t S i m p l e (rzadko
w Present C ontinuous), na przykad: b e l i e v e (wierzy), f e e l (czu), t h i n k (myle), h a t e
jmenawidzi). Czasowniki te zostan szczegowo omwione w rozdziale 10.2.3.
I hate being a lo n e in th e h o u s e . Nienawidz by sama w domu.
He thinks he is th e b e s t c a n d id a te f o r this jo b . - O n uwaa, e jest najlepszym kandydatem do
te j p r a c y .
f o mwienia o czynnociach przyszych, zaplanowanych, zazwyczaj w odniesieniu do rozkadw jazdy

lub programw np. podry czy telewizyjnych:
|
The train to L iv e rp o o l le a v e s a t fiv e . - Pocig do Liverpoolu odjeda o pitej.
The film starts at eight. - Film zaczyna si o smej.
We arrive in P aris a r o u n d n o o n a n d in th e
e v e n in g w e ta k e a tr a in to
L /o n .
-
O k o o
p o u d n ia
p r z y je d a m y
do Parya, a wieczorem jedziemy pocigiem do Lyonu.
*lnne uycia czasu P r e s e n t S i m p l e
w cytatach:
The sign says n o t to p a r k h e re . - Na tablicy napisane jest, eby tutaj nie parkowa.
The letter fro m A n n says th e w e a th e r in B ris to l iste r r ib le .
w B r is to lu
Ann pisze w licie, epogoda
je s t o k r o p n a .
w o p is a c h z d a r z e , s y t u a c ji,
w celu dodania dramaturgii:
And then he gets u p , slam s th e d o o r a n d ru ns o u t o f the h o u se ! - I wtedy on wstaje, trzaska

d r z w ia m i i w y b ie g a
w n a g w k a c h
z d o m u !
g a z e t:
Two masked m en k id n a p a c h ild ! - Dwch zamaskowanych mczyzn porywa dziecko!

The G reen P arty w in s th e e le c tio n ! - Partia Zielonych wygrywa wybory!
WICZENIA
ij;
* r
U z u p e n ij z d a n i a o d p o w i e d n i
form podanych czasownikw:

/.* * *
v'iw :
te n n is e v e ry S a tu rd a y .
a. Tom (play)........................
b. I (drive)...............................
c. Uncle Bill (smoke)..........
d. My sister (speak)
. ,r. v
w ith m y c o lle a g u e .
W #C-
......................4 0 c ig a re tte s a d a y .
th re e la n g u a g e s .
| still (live).......................................with mY P rents..............................TV in the evening.

f. My father always (watch)
....... at seven, (take) .......................................................... a shower and (have
g. I (get up)
.................................. breakfast. My husband often (work) ....................................... the night shift, so he
^qOs
(get up).....................................n the afternoon.

h. Mum always (buy)..................................... vegetables at the market.
j Tim usually (do) ..................................... his homework straight after school, but sometimes he
-e c
odf
(go)......................................to play football.

j. Water (boil).......................................at 100 degrees.
doesioo'
k. My brother (study).....................................medicine.
aoes
1. This book (cost).......................................3.

m. 1 (hate)......................................spinach.
n. Sue (like)...................................... ice cream, but she absolutely (lo ve )..........................................chocolate
.... you*
doyoo*
...
o. A carpenter (make).......................................furniture.
p. Trees (blossom)...................................... in spring.
~-.dc you
C VO* *
Z a m ie z d a n ia tw ie rd z c e n a p rz e c z e n ia :
- '3C yOw i
a. Mary likes French movies.

b. I drink coffee every morning.
c. Jim reads five books a month.
d My grandmother goes to church every Sunday.
e. I live on the second floor.
f. We usually watch TV in the evening.
g. I eat a lot of sweets.
h. We wont to go to Spain next summer.
i. Paul listens to classical music.
j. My brother plays the guitar very well,
k. We have a beautiful house by the lake.
I. They play tennis every weekend.
166
<30YOUI
-- <k)
il
iX i
dla poczqtlcujcjcych i zaawansowonych

0 E D G A R P
Do poniszych zda za d a j pytanie zamknite (w ym ag ajce odpowiedzi tak / nie):
0 0. Lucy goes to High School.
................... ................................... ...........
b. You like Italian food.

c He does a lot of sports.
...............................................................................
. . . . . .......................................................................
d. They live in a big house.
..................................... ....................................
e. This suitcase belongs to Jim .
...............................................................................
{ My mother works in a hospital.
..............................................................................
g. It often rains here.
......... ............. ........... ..........................................
h. Bob likes to listen to music............................................ ...............................................................................

j My grandfather wears glasses.
j. | like to read.
* ............... ......... .......................
k. They often go to the opera..........................................................................................................................

1. He thinks it's a good idea............................................................................................................................
U zu p e n ij p y ta n ia o d p o w ie d n im i z a im k a m i p y ta jn y m i:
a.................. .. does your grandmother live?

.. does he think it's a bad idea?
b.
c................. .. do you want to see that film?
.. do you want to go to the cinema? Saturday?
d.
e................. .. wants to come with me?
f.
.. do you do in your free time?
9................. .. do you want to go for your holidays?

h.
.. do you want to invite to the party?
i............. .. do you usually have for breakfast?
i.................. .. do your lessons begin?
U
Z a pyta j o p o d k re lo n a c z z d a n ia :
b- The train leaves at six.

c- I think it's the hest solution tQ our problems.
d. Tom works in a bank.
e- V7e go to the cinema twice a month.
k I want to go to New York one day.
9- I usually clean the flat on Saturday,
h- Mum buys fresh fruit at the marketWe usually have dinner at 7 o'clock.
J ' love to dIqv Scrabble in my free time.
U .T Y K A J IV K A A N 0 .IS K I0 O
W,| I K A O R A M A T Y K A
g j
Prx#rtum oci no j f * y k a g ' llt,:

o
.lok
a^lo o d w i* d iQ M
L w b e u jv
t> Runony ni lo s n q w Pols, <
M o|a m a m o UC:y a m jie ls k iin ja "
d M j tuto
s / k o lo S u n l n i o j
pracuje w b a n k u , m a w u s in j f ir m .
Henr> bardu R a d k o c h o d r i d o d e n ty sty
Juan p o r h o d m M e k sy k u .
' -> ... ..i brat ipl do
h C" UMto ' J oto ,. milo?..................

' " Ivykw to an!
1
O I ,m p i | l U
...................................
..................................................
w>,q * '*
4 'ota.
1 0
].....
Czas teraniejszy Present Continuous
10 .2 -
. present C o n t in u o u s |est zozonym czasem teraniejszym. Uywany jest do wyraania czynnoci
odovwajqcych si w chwili mwienia lub obecnie aktualnych. Charakterystyczny dla tego czasu jest
aosownik z kocwk -ing
Forma twierdzqca, przeczenia i pytania
10 2 1
Twierdzenia
Forma czasu P r e s e n t C o n t i n u o u s skada si z czasownika posikowego t o b e (by) w odpowiedniej dla

canej osoby formie oraz czasownika gwnego z kocwk - i n g , czyli tzw. imiesowu czasu teraniejszego.
Forma imiesowu jest taka sama dla wszystkich osb, zmienia si tylko forma czasownika t o b e (by):
I am w o rk in g - ja pracuj
w e are w o r k in g - my pracujemy
you are w o rk in g - ty pracujesz
y o u a r e w o r k in g - wy pracujecie
he / she / it is w o r k in g
th e y a r e w o r k in g - oni / one pracuj
on /ona / ono pracuje
Izste sq rwnie formy skrcone czasownika t o b e (by): I'm , w e 'r e , y o u 'r e , y o u 'r e , h e 's / s h e 's
it's, they're.
Oto przykadowe zdania w czasie P r e s e n t C o n t in u o u s :
I m sitting at home a n d w a tc h in g TV. - Siedz w domu i ogldam telewizj.
You're repairing y o u r b ik e , c a n I h e lp ? Naprawiasz rower, mog ci pomc?
We re having lunch, do you w a n t to jo in us? Jemy lunch, moe si doczysz?
^/dodawaniu kocwki - i n g wystpuj pewne nieregularnoci w pisowni:
czasownik koczy si na - e , po dodaniu kocwki - i n g , samogoska ta zanika.
love (kocha) - lo v in g ,
s a re <9a Pi si(<) " s ta rin 9 '
compare (porwnywa) - c o m p a r in g ,
a r g u e (kci si) - a r g u in g ,
srnile (umiecha si) - s m ilin g ,
dance M c zy ) - d a n c in g ;
Wyjtki to:
age (starze si) a g e in g ,
0fa* czasowniki zakoczone na
na -e
e:
agree (zgadza si) a g re e in g ,
see (widzie)
seeing;
h iedW
hit (uderzy) - Mtmg,
d y e (fa rbo w a) - d ye in g ,
r9
. n it w
,ravel (podrowa)
travelling,
M 11! 9
Aatosk:
WIELKA G RA M A TY K A J Z Y K A A N G I E L S K I E G O
W przypadku czasow nikw zako czonyc

c a rry
c ry
( n ie ) -
( p io k a ) -
u on - v nie z a c h o d z a d n e z m ia n y :
^
b a w l s i ) _ p la y in g ,
(b a w i
c a r r y in g ,
d o b rz e ) - e n jo y in g ,
c r y in g ,
C o n tin u o u s
d to
s i
n , o s o b y to rm y c z a s o w n ik .
.0
b o
d o d a iq c
(b ,C ). N o
s t w k o
p a e c tq c .
c o d z io b p o w s z e c h n o
sq
W o o r e n o t a r o n '. w o r k in g .
You are not (a ren 't) w o rkin g .
Y ou a re n o t (a re n t) w o r k in g .
He / she / it is not (isn't) w o rk in g .
T h ey a r e n o t ( a r e n 't) w o r k in g .
a r e n 't lis te n in g
to
m e a t a ll! -
o g le
m n ie
n ie
d o
o d p o w io d ,
(o rn y , s k ro c o n o
I om not w orking.
Y ou
p iz e c z e ik
s u c h a s z !
W e a re n 't helping him, because he w ants to d o it a lo n e .
N ie
p o m a g a m y
m u ,
p o n ie w a
on
chce to zrobi sam.

P e o p le
He
a re n
t r e a d in g
is n t r e a d i n g
k
Z
kocu
th e s e d a y s .
n i.)
o b e cn ych
it . -
O n
n ie
cza sa ch
c z y ta
lu d z ie
te j g a z e ty ,
p m
r
, l
H
P , , 0 n i0 ' P O ,' m
e w e n tu a ln e d o p e n ie n ie , tz w . r e s z t " .
a re
g o in g
to
J im 's
p a rty
w ith
us. -
A re
yo u
g o in g
t o J im 's
p a rty
w ith
us<* -
v .... om. * No,, .
e a t in g lu n c h w it h
1 I KI
1 .
us? -
P y ta n ia o t w a r t e t w o r z y m y w t e n
C zv
Y
Tom
om
T a k , z je .
sam
W h y a re
m o e s z
im p r e z
d o
, e iS |
d u o .
w z i .
p r ie sto w io Wc
o s t w
z - in g .
J im a
n n m '
; dr
" pr s
jimo?
,
z le z n a m i I u n c h 2
lub Nie,
sposb -
mm odpowiedni zaimek lub przyswek w h n t
I d z ie s z
n ie c z y t a j
" O P " '
Id z ie s z z n a m i n a
,ok. i
Yes, he ,s. |ob N o, he ,sn't.
111 -
e r o s ,, P r . s o n t C o n t i n u o u s t w o i , m
You
Is T o m
Y f> c L
t h is n e w s p a p e r , y o u c a n t a k e
Pytonia zomknile (tok

i T
o na
th a t m u c h
Kd
th e y
W ho is playing the piano a t this h o u 4
n ie z je .
,,
.W,a|qc czaso w n ik t o
b e
(b v rt r,
t" ^
K to o te , p o rz e
g ra
na
p iQ n in ie ?
10. CZASY
10
2 2 Z a s to s o w a n ie
C o n t in u o u s
- osu P r e s e n t
czynnoci
w yko n yw a n ych
m om ent
a t th e
c z y n n o n ie
P ada
ta k in g
czynnoci
g d y w
C o
m ie js c e
I'm
n p .
m w ie n ia
(w ty m
-
fa s c in a tin g
K p i
ty m
z o k o lic z n ik a m i
t h is m o n t h
s i
je s t o n a
now
o k o lic z n ik w
ty g o d n iu ,
th e se d a y s
m ie s i c u )
tr a k c ie
(te ra z )
lu b
p o d k r e la m y , e d a n a
w y k o n y w a n ia :
book
c ie b ie .
m ie s i c u ,
ty c h
cza sa ch ,
ro k u ,
a le
o b e c n ie )
n ie k o n ie c z n ie
lu b
t h is w e e k
nasz d o m .
M j b r a t s tu d iu je
-
(w
d o
itp .
O d n a w ia m y
s i , o d d z w o n i
d n iu ,
a re n 't e a tin g h e a lth ily th e se d a y s .
re a d in g
uyw a
P r e s e n t C o n t in u o u s
czasu
m o m e n c ie
o b e c n ie ,
b ro th e r is s tu d y in g m e d ic in e .
P e o p le
p o m o c q
C z s to
p is z e s z ?
W e are re d e c o ra tin g o u r h o u s e .
M y
m w ie n ia .
deszcz.
m w ie n ia ,
(w ty m t y g o d n i u ) ,
w y r a a n ia :
n o w , T il c a ll y o u b a c k .
b a th
m a j c e j
w m o m e n c ie
d o
m o m e n c ie ) . Z a
W h a t a re yo u w ritin g ? I 'm
s i
m o m e n c ie
je s t z a k o c z o n a ,
is ra in in g . -
It
(w ty m
u yw a
m e d ycyn .
O b e c n ie
about
lu d z ie
n ie
o d y w ia j
p s y c h o a n a ly s is .
C z y ta m
s i z d r o w o .
fa s c y n u j c
k s i k
o p s y c h o a n a liz ie .
czynnoci
p r z y s z e j,
k t ra
z o s ta o
z a p la n o w a n a
n a
p e w n o
b d z ie
m ia a
m ie js c e
n ie d a le k ie j
p r z y s z o c i:
I'm m eeting Tom o n S a tu rd a y .
s o b o t
s p o ty k a m
W e 're visitin g o u r g r a n d p a r e n ts n e x t w e e k e n d .
s i
-
z T o m e m .
p r z y s z y
w e e ke n d
o d w ie d z a m y
naszych
d z ia d k w .
W hat are yo u d o in g to n ig h t?
C o
r o b is z d z i w ie c z o r e m ?
Inne zasto sow an ie cza su P r e s e n t C o n t i n u o u s :
ta k im i
o k o lic z n ik a m i
r e p e a te d ly
z d e n e r w o w a n ia
a lw a y s
ja k
( w ie lo k r o tn ie )
lu b
d o
( c i g le ) ,
o p is a n io
c o n s t a n t ly
czyn n o ci
( s ta le ) ,
c o n t in u a lly
p o w ta r z a j c y c h
s i ,
( c i g le ,
c z s to
d o
w c i ) ,
w y r a e n ia
ir y ta c ji c z y m :
She s a lw a y s h e lp in g o th e r p e o p le .
He's constantly s ta y in g la te a t w o rk .
O n a
c i g le
O n
c i g le
W hy are y o u a lw a y s le a v in g th e d o o r o p e n ?
p o m a g a
z o s t a je
D la c z e g o
in n y m .
p ra c y
p o
c i g le
They're re p e a te d ly o r g a n is in g lo u d p a rtie s a t the w e e k e n d s .
g o d z in a c h .
z o s ta w ia s z o t w a r t e
-
N o to r y c z n ie
d r z w i?
o r g a n iz u j
g o n e
sr^ p r e z y w w e e k e n d y .
do opisywania zachodzcych o b e c n ie zm ian i procesw :

M y
^ n9 l,sh is im p ro v in g .
The
num ber o f investm ents in C h in a is ris in g fast.
M j a n g ie ls k i s i
The clim ate is g e ttin g w a rm e r.
p o p r a w ia .
K l i m a t s i o c i e p l a .
L ic z b a
in w e s ty c ji w
C h in a c h
s z y b k o w z ra s ta .
W E L A GRAMATYKA K Z Y K A . N 8 H L S K . E 6 0
W IC Z E N IA
. . .
a. M a rk s le e p ) ................
a n d
his w ife
(fe a d )
I can't talk to you right now , 1 (stu d y).................
c.
|t (g e t)
I (t r y ) ........................... t o
ate. le t' s 9
hom e>
h e lp y o u , b e
p a tie n t.
fo r an exam .
'm #
" " d < * .............-
" d - V d a u g h te r ( p la y ) ..................
i.
T h i n g s ( c h a n g e ) ..........................n o w a d a y s .
j.
P e o p l e ( l e a r n ) ............................ m o r e
k.
I ( l o o k ) ........................... f o r m y g l a s s e s .
1.
M y g r a n d m o t h e r ( m a k e ) .............................a
m . W e ( e n i o y ) ......................... t h i s
f o r e ig n la n g u a g e s t h e s e
p a rty a
t i r e d , I ( g o ) ............................t o
c h o c o la te
d a ys.
ca ke .
lo t.
n.
I 'm
bed.
0.
W e ( m e e t ) ........................... m y p a r e n t s n e x t w e e k e n d .
p.
I h a v e h e a rd y o u ( w o r k )
o n
y o u r d ip lo m a
p r o je c t.
Zamie zdania tw ie rd z ce na p rz e c z e n ia :
a.
M a r k is w o r k in g n o w .
b.
i am
c.
W e a r e h a v in g a w o n d e r f u l t im e .
d.
J a n e is s t a r t in g h e r k a r a t e c o u r s e o n
e.
M y p a re n ts a re g o in g o n
f.
M y c o t is s le e p in g u n d e r t h e t a b le .
g.
Tom
t h in k in g a b o u t b u y in g
is l i s t e n i n g t o m u s i c
h . T h e b o y s a r e p lo y in g
a c a r.
F r id a y .
h o lid a y t o m o r r o w .
now .
f o o t b a l l in t h e g a r d e n ,
i-
I t is r a i n i n g .
j.
D a d is w a t c h i n g t h e n e w s o n
k.
W e a r e g o in g s k iin g n e x t w e e k .
1.
T h e s tu d e n ts a r e s tu d y in g f o r t h e te s t.
TV.
..............
th e p ia n o .
Do p o n i s z y c h z d a z a d a j p y t a n ie z a m k n i te ( w y m a g a j c e o d p o w ie d z i ta k / n ie )
0. The children are p la y in g S cra b b le .
b.
Y ou
a re
h a v in g
c.
T om
d.
M y fr ie n d s
e.
The
f.
I 'm
g.
T h e s tu d e n ts
h.
M y m u m
1.
Y ou
j.
T h e y a re
k.
W e
I.
O u r c o m p a n y
is w a s h i n g
c u p
th e
a re
o f c o ffe e .
d is h e s .
o r g a n is in g
u n e m p lo y m e n t r a t e
h a v in g
a re
p a rty
fo r M a ry .
is f a l l i n g .
s h o w e r a t th e
m o m e n t.
a re
e x a m .
w r itin g
is b a k i n g
fly in g
a re
to
c a k e .
R o m e
b u ild in g
w a itin g
a n
o n
n e w
b u s in e s s .
s ta d iu m
in
W a rs a w ,
f o r o u r f r ie n d s .
is o p e n i n g
n e w
b ra n c h
in
Leeds.
Z a p y ta j o p o d k re lo n c z z d a n ia :
a.
G ra n d p a
b.
W e
c.
Tom
d.
B e t t y is c r y i n g
e.
W e
f.
T om
9-
S u z y is c o n s t a n t l y
h.
a re
is w o r k i n g
g o in g
to
is r e a d i n g
g r
in
it g jy
th e
f o r o u r h o lid a y s .
b o o k
b e c a u s e
h a v in g
a b o u t C h in a .
h e r b o y fr ie n d
d in n e r a t th e
is h e l p i n g
m e
w ith
m y
ta lk in g
S a lly is b a b y s i t t i n g
is w a i t i n g
g a rd e n .
o u r so n
i-
Tom
\-
A x h o r i t y ^ _ c o n c e r t is t a k i n g
m o m e n t.
M a th s
o n
h a s le f t h e r.
th e
b e c a u se
h e 's g o o d . o t . it.
p h o n e .
t o n ig h t,
f o r h is g i r l f r i e n d .
p la c e
a t th e
to w n
h a ll.
P rzetu m acz na j z y k a n g ie ls k i:
Q-
C o
to z a
h a a s ?
b.
D la c z e g o
c -
N ie
K a te
id z ie m y
C o
p a c z e
ju tr o
> a ta s p r z t a
e.
W y c z m u z y k !
D z w o n i t e le fo n !
9-
Jo m
K lim a t z m ie n ia
c i g le
iezytiobce.pl
s i
d o
d z ie je ?
s w o im
p o k o ju ?
k in a , p o n ie w a
m ie s z k a n ie , p o n ie w a
P r a c u j
n a d
m o im
M o e sz o d e b ra ?
s p n ia
s i d o
J im
je s t c h o r y ,
ju tr o
p r z y je d a
b a b c ia ,
p r o je k te m .
B io r
p r y s z n ic .
p ra c y .
s i , p o n ie w a
lu d z ie
n ie
d b a i
r o d o w is k o .
dla poczqtkuiqcych i zaowonsowanych
WIELKA G RA M A TY K A J Z Y K A A N G I E L S K I E G O
10 2 3 Czasowniki, ktre nie wystpuj

w czasie Present Continuous
w r
J S T ir -
r w n ie d o ty c z y p o z o s ta y c h
- in g
w y s t p u j c y c h z k o c w k
c z a s o w n ik i w y r a a j c e
see
s m e ll
( w id z ie ) ,
czasw
Nd' ^ r * i - ? Z m^
p ro s ty c h
m on a
i z o o n y c h , p t z e s z y c h
w y r n i
c z y n n o c i n a rz d w
p e w n e
ta s e
It feels co ld in here, p le a s e close the w in d o w .

The fo o d has g o n e ro tte n , it smells a w fu l.
-
You lo o k a b s o lu te ly g re a t!
c z a s o w n ik i
w y r a a j c e
a p p r e c ia t e
lik e
v a lu e
( c e n i ) ,
Z im n o
W y g l d a s z a b s o lu t n ie
lo v e
s m a k ),
lo o k
tu , p ro s z
s i
u w a a ),
hear
( s y s z e ) ,
( w y g l d a ) :
z a m k n ij o k n o .
z e p s u o , o k r o p n ie
c u c h n ie .
I a d o re the smell o f this p e rfum e.
( p o d z iw ia ,
d e te st
(p ra g n ),
need
(k o c h a ),
w s p a n ia le !
a d m ir e
e m o c je :
w is h
( c h c ie ) ,
o n e .
(c z u , o d c z u w a ,
( m ie
J e d z e n ie
O to
c z a s o w n , k w n ie
je s t p y s z n a .
d e s ir e
( lu b i ) ,
w ant
u c z u c ia
( d o c e n ia ) ,
( o b a w ia s i ) ,
Z u p a
fe e l
z m y s w :
( m ie z a p a c h , p a c h n ie ) ,
The soup tastes d e licio u s .
g ru p y .
, p r z y s z y c h . W r d
( n ie
z n o s i ) ,
p re fe r
(p o trz e b o w a ),
a d o re
s z a n o w a ),
d is lik e
( n ie
( u w ie lb ia ) ,
re sp e ct
( w o le ) ,
fe a r
lu b i ) ,
(s z a n o w a ),
( y c z y ):
-
U w ie lb ia m
z a p a c h
M y mum hates iro n in g an d d o in g the w a s h in g .
ty c h
p e rfu m .
M o ja
m a m a
n ie n a w id z i
p ra s o w a
r o b i
p r a n ia .
c z a s o w n ik i
w y r a a j c e
( d o c e n ia ) ,
assu m e
(p rz y p u s z c z a ,
m in d
( m ie
czynnoci
fo rg e t
p r z e c iw k o ) ,
in te le k tu a ln e :
b e lie v e
(p rz y p u s z c z a ),
o c z e k iw a ) ,
co
u m y s o w e ,
know
( z a p o m in a ) ,
p e r c e iv e
( w ie r z y ,
(p o s trz e g a ),
a g re e
(z g a d z a
doubt
u w a a ),
( w ie d z ie ,
r e a lis e
s i ) ,
z n a ),
m ean
(z d a w a
a p p r e c ia t e
exped
( w tp i ) ,
( m ie
s o b ie
z n a c z e n ie ) ,
s p ra w ),
re ca ll
(przypomina sobie), r e c o g n i s e (rozpoznaw a), r e m e m b e r (p a m i ta ), s u p p o s e (przypuszcza),

su sp ect
( p o d e jr z e w a ) ,
t h in k
( m y le ,
z n a c z e n iu :
w y ra a
tru st
o p in i ) ,
( u la ) ,
u n d e rsta n d
( r o z u m ie ) :
! o k l 3 o m le P* Pie WK d ' ' " Mary w o r l
- Z o w n e d o c e n ia m lo d u , k lin y proco
I suppose you .hints .hi. is oil my too. - Pnyszaom, i .
W h o
d o e , .h is
b o g
b e lo n g
,0!
D o
lo g o
n o l.i,
M , Sm.ib o w e , ih r e , b o i . l , o , , h . seeside. -
10
it c o n s is t o f?
Z c z e g o to
d l a p o c g q t k u jq c y c h j z o o w a n s o w u n y c h
- *
^ d t i x : ^ 1 : ' mo" ,y -
W h a t d o e s
po> a
lo
.*0
win.
> . M e ) , p o s s e s . (p o s,o < M ~
,o l b o ,
Sln
1 .1 ..-*
s i s k a d a ?
^ ,- r ^ A flD
i U. L I M 5 T
,ednok zwrci uw og no fok., i c z i z ^
M rf- " oczen,e u e 9 zm ian' ^
, feel ( c z u )
Sim ple oroz
n'kVV m o ie ^ s t p i z kocwk(?
odniesieniu d o stanu e m o c jo n a ln e a o l.,h (
,zV c z n e g o , m o e w y7s tqp,

a n ie 2zo^
a r xv v n o w
Continuous;
jiiuf
How ore you fe e lin g ? / H o w d o y o u fe e l? - M
I feel terrible. / I'm fe e lin g te r r ib le .
lo o k
si czujesz?
w poczeniu z przyim kam i a t , in t o , d o w n
lo o k in g
ciosach
C zui si okropnie.
oatrce (no co)" lub w roli czasow nika

I 'm
j n g )e^
m oe
w y s t p i
ko c w k
- in g
na
o b r a z k i,
z n a c z e n iu
fra z o w e g o :
a t the p ic tu re s , b u t I r e a lly c a n 't see a n y d iffe re n c e .
P a trz
te
a le
naprawd nie widz adnej rnicy.

Jim is l o o k i n g
fo r his glasses.
J im
szuka
s w o ic h
o k u la r w .
w znaczeniu czu zapach, w ch a*:
s m e ll
I'm s m e l l i n g
the m ilk to ch e ck if it's still fre s h .
W ch a m
m l e k o , e b y s p r a w d z i , c z y je s t je s z c z e
wiee.
. toste w znaczeniu p r b o w a c o r o k o w a I'm tasting the p a sta to see i f tt n e e d s m o re
m okoron, ie b y sprawdzi, czy nie
^
W" Cei S0,i'
, , ZQr
. see w znaczeniu spotyka si, u m aw ia si" lu b o w,e
H S g Tom to m o rro w . - Spotykoai s * ^

John is seeing us o ff a t the tra m statio n is ev
ia k rwnie w roli czasownika
J o m -n -
w jeaorem no pocig.
hear w znaczeniu wysucha zezna, o , i c |0 ,n urh skarg" lub m ie wiadom oci od

czym":
w _ Sd w y s u c h a jutro |ego z e z n
The c o u r t w ill be h e a rin g his e v id e n c e to m o .rro *.
^
_ Jes,ern p e w ie n , ze ,esz
Tm sure w e 'll be h e a rin g a lo t a b o u t this y o u g
bidzie si
m w i
g
niernato
o tym m odym aktorze.
1 admire w znaczeniu patrze z po dziw em ":

1 m
1
a d m ir in g t h e v i e w .
P o d z iw ia m w id o
amerykaskiej
* * 9i ' ,p
oraz lik e w znaczeniu b a w i si czym ,
ame angielskiego):
ocjtwarzacz mp3.
_ Absolutnie u w i e l b ^ m ' 1 n
absolutely l o v in g m y n e w m p 3 p a Y e
^ n k
w znaczeniu zostanawia si,
ro z w a a c
poC j r z u c e n ie m p
Qm t h in k in g a b o u t q u ittin g m y jo b . - Zastano
h id io m o ty c
^ Qve w znoczeniu innym ni m ie , tj. W WY1 jzeniuv -.w----- ,
sh o w e r
0 9 'e a t tim e (dobrze si baw i), H o v a

Wfc nrh aLv e b r e a k fa s t (je niadanie), wic
re havin
n,uuu" " V '
9 a w o n d e rfu l tim e . - w i e t n i e s i
(b ra
z n y c h ,
p r y s z n ic ) ,
t a ^ . c
p r z y k a d
h a v e g u e sts
H ave
>
( p r z y jm o w a
Rozdziole 3.2 3.
b a w im y .
d la pociqlkujq cych i zoowansowanych
WIELKA G R A M A T Y K A I f Z T K A A N G I E L S K I E G O
10.2.4. Porwnanie czasw Present Simple

i Present Continuous
( zas
P re s e n t S im p le
uyw any
C za s P r e s e n t C o n t i n u o u s u yw a n y
je s t
jest do
d o o p is a n ia c z y n n o c i, z ja w is k i s y t u a c ji
o p is a n ia n ie z a k o c z o n y c h c z y n n o c i majcych
p o w ta r z a j c y c h
m ie js c e w m o m e n c ie m w ie n ia , w bliej
o r a z s ta y c h
N a
s i lu b
( z ja w is k
zaw sze
p r a w d z iw y c h
p rz y ro d y , p ra w
fiz y k i it d . ) .
p rz y s z o c i, o b e c n ie , w ty m ty g o d n iu , miesicu
p r z y k a d :
It usually rains a lo t in N o v e m b e r.
Z a z w y c z a j c z s to p a d a
itd . N a p rz y k a d :
Let's stay at home. It is raining,
lis to p a d z ie .
Children learn a lo t o f new th in g s a t school,

W
s z k o le d z ie c i u c z s i w i e l u
n ow ych
rz e c z y .
I a lw ays d o my sho ppin g on S a tu rd a y .

Z a w s z e r o b i
n ie o k re lo n e j te ra n ie js z o c i lu b zaplanowanej
zakupy w
s o b o t .
- Z o s ta m y w d o m u . P a d a d e szcz.
I'm learning Spanish at a private school.

- U cz si h is z p a s k ie g o n a p ry w a tn y m kursie.
What are you doing now? Are you busy?
I liv e in W a rs a w .
- C o ro b is z ? Jeste z a j ty ?
M ie s z k a ) w W a r s z a w ie .
I'm redecorating my flat, so I'm living with

some friends at the moment.
- R e m o n tu j m ie s z k a n ie , w i c m ie s z k a m
c h w ilo w o u z n a jo m y c h .
Utycie
. P re s e n | s .m p |c i
Przyswek a lw a y s (zawsze) uywany jest przede wszystkim w czasie P r e s e n t S im p

i t is alw ays very h o t in Ita ly in July. - W lipcu we W o sze ch jest zawsze b a rd z o g o r -O .
1 alw ays have a cup o f co ffe e in the m o rn in g . - Rano zawsze w y p ija m fili a n k k a w y .
Mona uy go rwnie w c io s ie P r e s e n t C o n tin u o u s , lecz w n ie c o in n y m z n a c z e n iu . Podkre.

wwczas,
iz nawykiem,
dana czynno
m a miejsce .zbyt czsto , w yraam y p e w n iry ta c j lu b zdenerw ov
czyim zym
na przykad:
Y ou are a lw ays le a v in g y o u r stuff o n m y d e s k a n d 1 c a n 't fin d a n y th in g i n th a t n
Zawsze zostawiasz swoje rzeczy na m oim b iu rk u , a \q n ie m o g n ic znale w tym b a a g a n ie 1
.
Jane is alw ays in te rru p tin g me w h e n Tm w a tc h in g m y fa v o u r ite s o a p . - Jan e z a * s
przeszkodz. kedy ogldam m>i ulubiony serial.
You're
znie! always slamming the door, I
c a n 't
stnnr4 ut
Can * sQnd it! - C i g le trzaskasz drzw iom -
m e m eg
4
*
:Pe ^ ii z d n ia o d p o w i e d n i q f o r m q c z a s o w n i k a w c z a s ie P r e s e n t S im p le iu b P r e s e n t
Conhnuous:
. To?n a'ways (g o ) ........................................ j o g g in g in th e m o r n in g , b u t he (n o t g o ) ...................................
today because h e is s ic k .
- V ydad usually (g e t u p ) ....................................... a t s e v e n a . m . , b u t to d a y he (get u p ) .....................................
ot five because h e ( g o ) ....................................... fis h in g w ith h is frie n d s .
-
ofways ( r a in ) .........................................in L o n d o n in N o v e m b e r .
you always / i n t e r r u p t ) ......................................m e w h e n
I 'm w a tc h in g th e news. I h a te it!
e Se quiet! The k id s ( s le e p ) .......................................!
Bob (s m o k e )
3 0 c ig a r e tte s a d a y , b u t h e (try)
............................... to q u it.
g You (not lis t e n ) ...................................... t o m e ! W h y ?

h. What (you / c o o k ) ........................................ ? It ( s m e ll) ......................................w o n d e rfu l!
I have to g o . T o m ( w a i t ) .....................................f o r m e .
Blue and y e llo w ( m a k e ) ...................................... g re e n .
<. I (th in k ).......................................it is a g o o d id e a to b u y M a ry this b o o k .
cant g o to th e c in e m a w ith y o u to m o r r o w - I ( w o r k ) ......................................
m. Bobby a n d Sue a lw a y s ( v i s i t ) ....................................... th e ir g ra n d m o th e r o n S a tu rd a y.
1 Tomghht I (g o o u t ) ........................................ w ith a w o n d e r fu l g u y - yo u m ust m eet h im .
t
,
i
.
,
a ll his tim e a* h o m e : he (watch)
o o m is a re a l c o u c h p o t a t o - h e (s p e n d ) ....................................
................................. TV , (e a t) ..................................... o n d ( s le e p )
.........................
P- Doctor, my h e a d a c h e s ( g e t ) ......................................w o rs e . Please, h e p m
13 W yb ie rz p r a w id f o w q o d p o w i e d z :
,
- fo r m y g la s s e s .
e ... a b o u t s e llin g o u r h o u s e
b . a re th in k in g
f ,n
b is b o ilin g
c W a te r.... Qt 1 0 0 d e g re e s .
a - bo,,S
.... guests o n S a tu rd a y .
a aV6
V " - * Ugh! o n !
* Tim is th e s m a rte s t b o y I k n o w .
9
Tne s u c e .... w o n d e r fu l.
a.
b. a m lo o k in g
b a re h a v in g
.
*
t in
b a re a lw ays le a vin g
k ; o m th in k in g
b s tasting
* tOS*0S
b. is b e lo n g in g
_ s s<J|tcase .... to M r S m ith .
'
b. is d e p e n d in g
everything .... o n th e w e a th e r .
M a ry a cro ss th e s tre e t.
b. a m seeing
SeC
U SK ,f6
.
; ' r
'. I r
o o p ro w
w nch
- * - * * - * r *
to 9 0 to C h in o o m * *
d o u b t ih o t M o "Q w dl h e lp yo u
a n n iv e rs a ry ?
- r r ^ s r
W \ o m ocktenng the >ne
*h, Tbfc
ts
* m-ean,
* ng* th, at wenow
u y
.
m
3
Z
...............................
. r_
* , ...............................
* - * is ^
' '
r y s o w n i k a W c z a s ie P re se n t S i m p l e lub Present
U z u p e n ij te k s t o d p o w ie d n im , fo rm o m , c z a s o w o
C o n tin u o u s :
the ordinary life o f a 5 0 - y e a r - o ld . H e (g e t up )

M r B m g fle a d fa ......
r X :
r tm
b ..........
.... to w o rk . H e (be) d ....................................

popere o il d a y lo n g . E .e .y T h o m d o y , h o ( , l )
o g o ~ o . 'd J
r,
.1 , h e p , , dov * * .
ae^
............
B ,n g
_
*
the w h o le house to herself. M r a n d M rs B in g (n o t g t t) n .........

?ery well She (think) i ...................................... be. h u s b a n d is b o rin g a n d h e
his w ife is irritating He (not like) k ...................................... w h a t she (c o o k ,
(say)
wear)
................................
I.
.................................and even he r voice (m ake) m ..................................... h im a n g ry . H a p p .lv k both. Nis

B ing (qo) n
B righton. M r Bing (have) p
aw ay fo r the w e e ke n d
she (visit) o ................... *..................
m a ny p la n s fo r th e w e e k e n d a s w e ll
Qf ,1U
o n S a tu ro .^ ^
ploy) q .....................................g o lf an d chess, in the e v e n in g lie (w atch) r ...................... ............

o n Sunday he (build) s..................................... a shed in the g a rd e n .
P rz e tu m a c z n a j z y k a n g ie ls k i, k o r z y s ta j c z p o d a n y c h w n ie k t r y c h p r z y p a d k a c h
c z a s o w n ik w :
a . Podejrzewam, e Tom zjad m j kaw a e k ciasta.
b . Spotykam si jutro z koleank ze szkoy redniej.
c. Myl, e to dobry pomys. Zgadzam si! Jedmy d o F ra n c ji!
d . Czy chcesz co do picia? Przygotowuj herbat.
e. Nie mam nic przeciwko, eby pj z to b na zakupy, (m ind)
f.
Wierz, e jeste uczciwym czow iekiem , (believe)
g. M j angielski jest coroz lepszy. Bardzo lu b i ch o d zi n a m j kurs a n g ie ls k ie g o (enjoy)

n. Zawsze rano sucham wiadom oc i
i . Stoj na wzgrzu i podzlw iom w idok. U w ie lb ia m to m ie jsce
j
o zjwiam I szanuj lu d /,, ktrzy pow icaj swj czas n a pom oc: inn ym
3 , put Stmple iest n c ^ c e, UIywo ym osent pe=V n jw k u
aynnofc. prpBztyct,
powpechme d o w y ro z e n ,a
L n y ,est w o p o w .o d o o io c h .
o w ia d c z y li m y
p o w ie i c o c h ,
d o k a yc h .
,o k
rSwmrt
m
^
, ,e r a in ie iJ
d o o p is jw o n io s t a
o ra ! a u
h6J ,
w przeszoci.
10.3.1. Forma twierdzca, przeczenia i pytania

Twierdzenia
Form czcsu
Past Simple
tw o r z y s i n a d w a s p o s o b y , in a c z e j d la c z a s o w n ik w re g u la rn y c h , in a c z e j d la
nieregularnych.
Czasowniki r e g u la r n e
Dla czasownikw re g u la rn y c h fo r m c z a s u P a s t S i m p l e tw o rz y m y , d o d a j c d o b e z o k o lic z n ik a k o c w k
ed. Naley z w r c i u w a g , e w c z a s ie ty m c z a s o w n ik m a
tak sam form
d la w szystkich o s b ,
zarwno w lic z b ie p o je d y n c z e j, ja k i lic z b ie m n o g ie j:

w ork (p ra c o w a ):
I w o rk in a b a n k . - P ra c u j w b a n k u , (czas te ra n ie js z y P r e s e n t S i m p l e )
I w o rk e d in b a n k . - P r a c o w a a m w b a n k u , (czas p rz e s z y P a s t S i m p l e )
w ash (m y):
u
O n m v ie s w j s a m o c h d c o ty d z ie .
He w a s h e s h is c a r e v e r y w e e k . - O n m y|
h d w zeSzym ty g o d n iu .
He w a s h e d h is c a r la s t w e e k . - O n u m y s w , s a m o c h
Przy d o d a w a n iu k o c w k i - e d w y s t p u j Pw
do c z a s o w n ik w k o c z c y c h si n a - e
in vite
(zaprasza)
_
I
invited,
.J :
R e lie v e (wierzy) - b e lie v e

Uv e
m ieszka) - lv e
W e ( k * o f ) - lo v e d ,
, l
/ r h z a w ie ra j c y c h ty l^
I
je d n o s y la b o w y
prze d k o c w k
1 cz c z a s o w n ik w
spgosk
p o d w a ja
s a m o g ( o s l? i k o t a w c h
t
.a
o s ta tn i
d<*ay
sp
O t o p rz y k a d y .
o s ,.,
re fe r (o d n o s i si) - re fe rre d ,
ca r ry (nie) - c a r r i e d / kserid /,
cry (p a k a )
c r ie d / k ra id /,
*M ori
r a v e | (p o d r o w a )
W k o . m o iq w o s . e P a s . S i m p l e
Czasowniki z a k o c z o n e n a - y. / yq d y o 1 " lm i POl<" " ' 0
,ry (p r b o w a ) - t r i e d / tr a id /,
c z a s o w n ik w
o c le e M .
o p U u w y 0 - s t o p p e d ,
kocw k - e d :
*udy (uczy s i , s tu d io w a ) - u
p rz y p a d k u
si
/ sta d id //
1
c z a s o w n ik i z a k o c z o n e na - y , g d y przed n im i p o ja w ia si sa m o g o s k a , m a j w czasie P a s t Sim

re g u la rn k o c w k - e d :
o b e y (by posusznym ) - o b e y e d ,
p la y (b a w i si, g ra) - p la y e d .
C z a s o w n ik i n ie r e g u la r n e
W ie le z p o d s ta w o w y c h a n g ie ls k ic h cz a s o w n ik w m a w czasie P a s t S i m p l e fo rm nie re g u la rn , zupeni.o d m ie n n o d , np . b e z o k o lic z n ik a . F orm c z a s o w n ik w n ie re g u la rn y c h n a jle p ie j nauczy si na pomi^
T a k a s a m a fo rm a n ie re g u la rn a o b o w i z u je d la wszystkich o s b w o b y d w u liczbach . O t o przykady,
g o (i) - w e n t:
W e w e n t to th e c in e m a la s t F r id a y . - W zeszy p i te k poszlim y d o kina .
e a t (je) - a te :
I a t e fis h f o r lu n c h . - N a lu n c h z ja d a m ryb.
P e n a lis ta c z a s o w n ik w n ie re g u la rn y c h z n a jd u je si na k o c u ksiki. Form y czasu P a s t S i m p l e znajduj

si w d r u g ie j k o lu m n ie ta b e li.
P r z e c z e n ia i p y ta n ia
Przy tw o rz e n iu przecze o ra z p yta w czasie P a s t S i m p l e niezbdny jest czasow nik posikowy did
N a le y b e zw zg l d n ie p a m i ta , e czaso w nik g w n y w przeczen iach i pyta n ia ch jest z a w s z e w formie
b e z o k o lic z n ik a .
P rzeczenie w
tym
czasie fo rm u u je m y
przy p o m o c y d i d
not
(lub
d id n 't )
oraz
be zokoliczn ika
D la w szystkich o s b w ten sam sp o s b . O to przykady:

I d i d n 't e a t b r e a k fa s t th is m o r n in g . - Dzi ra n o nie z ja d a m n ia d a n ia .
J a n e d i d n 't d o h e r h o m e w o r k y e s te r d a y . - Jane nie o d ro b ia w czoraj pracy d o m o w e j.
P ytania w czasie P a s t S im p le
tworzy si, sta w ia j c na p o cz tku czasow nik posikow y d id , pote^
p o d m io t, a n a st p n ie b e zo ko liczn ik. A n a lo g ic z n ie d la wszystkich o s b tak sam o:

J o h n b o u g h t a n e w c a r . - John k u p i now y s a m o c h d .
D id J o h n b u y a n e w c a r? - Czy John k u p i now y s a m o c h d ?
Y e s , h e d id . lu b N o , h e d id n 't . - Tak, k u p i, lu b N ie , n ie k u p i.
P ytan ia o tw a rte tw orzym y w czasie P a s t S i m p l e , d o d a j c przed d i d o d p o w ie d n i zaim ek
l u b p r z y s w
w h a t (co), w h e r e (gdzie), w h e n (kiedy), w h y (dlaczego) itd.

W h e n d id y o u m e e t M a r y ? - Kiedy sp o tka a si z M a ry?
W h e r e d id Tom m e e t his fu tu re w ife ? - G d z ie Tom p o z n a sw oj przysz zon?
W h a t d id th e y b u y y o u f o r C h ris tm a s ? - C o o n i k u p ili ci na gw iazdk*
Jedynym i za im ka m i p yta jnym i, p o ktrych nie w ystpuje czasow nik posikow y d i d , s w h o (ktoK
(co), a le tylko w pyta niach o p o d m io t w m ia n o w n ik u , tj. kiedy pytam y o w ykonaw c czynno
p y ta n ia c h p o w h o lu b w l i a t b e zp o re d n io p o ja w ia si czasow nik w fo rm ie przeszej.
W h o b r o k e th e w in d o w ? - Kto zbi okn o?
W h o h e lp e d y o u w ith y o u r h o m e w o rk ? - Kto p o m g ci w pracy d o m o w e j
W h o m a d e such a mess?
Kto tu tok n a b a a g a n i?
10. CZASY
|c o d r n i e n i a , w
ie z z a s a d
W h o
d id
a s o w n ik
c z a s o w n ik
d o p e n ie n ie ,
d id
p o s ik o w y
m e e t a t th e e o n c e rt?
y o u
k ie d y
w y k o n a w c a
i c z a s o w n ik
K o g o
c z y n n o c i je s t z n a n y ,
p o
(b y )
m a
ja
b y e m
ty
b y e
o n
she w as
o n a
b y a
it was
o n o
b y o
n a
k o n c e r c ie ?
n a s t p u j c e
b y a m
b y a
Z e s z e g o
la ta
It w as to o c o ld to g o s w im m in g y e s te r d a y .
fo rm y
n ie r e g u la r n e :
w e w e re
m y
y o u w e re
w y
th e y w e r e
o n i
b y li m y /
b y li c ie
b y a m
-
b y li
li,
gdy
p n o
o n ia z a m k n i t e
W a s
(ta k /
p o c z tk u
b y y m y
b y y c ie
o n e
b y y
G r e c ji.
W c z o ra j
b y o
za
z im n o
n a
p y w a n ie .
Tom s p a re n ts w e r e v e r y a n g r y w h e n h e c a m e b a c k h o m e la te la s t n ig h t.
na
s i
b y
I w as in G re e c e la s t s u m m e r.
e re
p o ja w i
b e z o k o lic z n ik u :
s p o tk a a
P a s t S im p le
c z a s ie
he w as
bardzo
w ho
to b e ( b y ) w c z a s ie P a s t S i m p l e
to b e
a s o w n ik
p y ta n ia c h
R o d z ic e
T o m a
b y li
w r c i w c z o r a j w ie c z o r e m .
n ie ) z c z a s o w n ik ie m
z d a n ia ,
n a s t p n ie
b y
k o le jn o
tw o rz y m y
p rz e z
in w e r s j : s t a w ia j c
c z a s o w n ik
w as
lu b
p o d m io t i r e s z t " .
Jane a n g r y w h e n s h e s a w th e b r o k e n w in d o w ?
C zy
Ja n e
b y a
z a ,
g d y
z o b a c z y a
z b ite
okno?
W e re the B ro w n s in v ite d to y o u r w e d d in g a n n iv e r s a r y p a rty ?

na w asze
p r z y j c ie
z o k a z ji
r o c z n ic y
C z y p a s tw o
u c z e n ia
ic h
B y a
z c z a s o w n ik ie m
b y "
fo rm y
tw o rz y m y ,
d o d a j c
s k r c o n e
w a s n 't
not
s w k o
o ra z
d o
fo rm y
ro k u
w c a le
n ie
p o je c h a a m
n a
m ia
c z a s o w n ik a
w as
lu b
w e re
P o n ie w a
m ia a m
d u o
p ra c y ,
w a k a c je .
J'm w a s n 't a t w o r k la s t w e e k , b e c a u s e he h a d a flu .

P o n ie w a
u s y s z a o
w e r e n t.
Because I h a d a lo t o f w o r k , I w a s n 't o n h o lid a y a t a ll la s t y e a r .

z e s z y m
z a s k o c z o n a , g d y
lu b ie ?
fb z o c z s to s to s o w a n e
b y li z a p r o s z e n i
lu b u ?
W e re y o u s u rp ris e d to h e a r th e n e w s a b o u t th e ir w e d d in g ?
w ia d o m o
B ro w n
J im a
n ie
b y o
p ra c y
z e s z y m
t y g o d n iu ,
gryp.
There w e re n 't m a n y p e o p le a t th e p a r k y e s te rd a y .
W c z o ra j w
p a rk u
n ie
b y o
d u o
lu d z i.
10.3.2. Zastosowanie
Pas
k -z a s u
S i m p l e u y w a si d o w y ra a n ia :
czynnoci
W
o ra z
s ta n w
p rz e s z y c h , z a k o c z o n y c h ,
k t re
m ia y m ie js c e w
k o n k re tn y m
m om encie
p r z e s z o c i. C z a s w y d a r z e n ia m o e b y p o d a n y w z d a n iu , a le n ie m u s i, je li z k o n te k s tu ja s n o wynika, ze
m o w a je s t o p rz e s z o c i. O k r e le n ia m i c z a s u ty p o w y m i P a s S im p le c z a s u s q m . in. y e s t e r d a y (wczoraj),
l a s t w e e k (w z e s z y m ty g o d n iu ) , l a s t m o n t h (w zeszym m ie s iq c u ), l a s t y e a r (w zeszym roku), last
M o n d a y (w zeszy p o n ie d z ia e k ) , a g o (te m u ), t w o w e e k s a g o (d w a ty g o d n ie te m u ), 1 0 y e a r s ago
( 1 0 la t te m u ) , i n 1 9 8 0 (w ro k u 1 9 8 0 ) itp .
L a s t m o n th ,
I w e n t t o v is it m y f r ie n d
in
R om e. -
W zeszym m ie s iq c u p o je c h a a m odwiedzi
p r z y ja c i k w R zym ie.
J .K .
R o w lin g
p u b lis h e d
h e r fir s t " H a r r y
P o t t e r " b o o k in
1997. -
P ierw szq ksik o Harrym
P o tte rz e J.K . R o w lin g w y d a a w 1 9 9 7 ro k u .

I 'm
s o r r y , b u t th e t r a i n t o L e e d s le f t 1 0 m in u te s a g o . - P rzykro m i, a le p o c iq g d o Leeds odjecha
1 0 m in u t te m u .
c z y n n o c i, k t re w p rz e s z o c i trw a y przez o k re lo n y p rz e d z ia czasu , a le ju si zakoczyy i nie maj

z w i z k u z te ra n ie js z o c i , n p .
W h e n I w a s a t e e n a g e r , I liv e d in B e r lin f o r th r e e y e a r s . - J a k o n a s to la tk a m ieszka am w Berlinie
p rz e z trzy la ta . (a le ju ta m n ie m ie s z k a m )
G i n a w o r k e d a s a t e a c h e r f o r 3 5 y e a r s , b u t s h e ' s r e t ir e d n o w . - G in a p ra c o w a a ja k o
n a u c z y c ie lk a
p rz e z 3 5 la t, a le te ra z jesl ju n a e m e ry tu rz e .
c z y n n o c i/ k t re w p rz e s z o c i byy n a w y k ie m , p rz y z w y c z a je n ie m , np.
B e f o r e I g a v e u p , I s m o k e d o v e r 3 0 c i g a r e t t e s a d a y . - Z a n im rz u c ie m p a le n ie , pa lie m pono
o ' c h ild I J
a lw a y s h a d
p o r r i d g e f o r b r e a k f a s t . - J a k o d z ie c k o zawsze na niadanie |o d a a "
o w s ia n k .
p r o b y p rz y p u s z c z e n ia , o p in ie - zazw yczaj z c z a s o w n ik a m i ta k im i jak h o p e (m ie nadziej), w o n d e r
I T
l o , o m e e t in g o n
m o t n in , - O
d o w ie d z ie , czy p a n A n d re w s b y b y o s i g a ln y na s p o tk a n ie w p i te k rano.
p o n d e r e d if y o u
w te j k w e s tii.
could
h e lp m e
out
w ith th is is s u e . - Z a s ta n a w ia a m s., czy m gby
* * -
10. CZASY
W IC Z E N IA
Uzupenij zdania o d p o w ie d n i form p od an ych cza so w n ik w regularnych:

,,
| (W O n t ) ...................... o
buy
som e
a p p le s a n d
T h e b o y s ( p l a y ) ..........................f o o t b a l l o n
o ra n g e
ju ic e , b u t th e
s h o p w a s c lo s e d .
S a tu rd a y .
c | (|jke)...............the film a lot.

T h e l e s s o n s ( f i n i s h ) ....................... a t 3
Y e s te rd a y e v e n in g , w e
f.
A fte r d in n e r , d a d
g. A s a c h ild
p .m .
( w a t c h ) ......................... T V a n d ( l i s t e n ) .......................... t o
(w a s h )
I a lw a y s
t h e d is h e s a n d
( w a l k ) ......................... t o
M y f a m i l y ( l i v e ) .......................i n
| ( t r y ) ........................t o
M y b r o t h e r ( s t u d y ) .......................L a w , b u t h e
k.
I w a s v e ry s c a re d
i.
M um
w hen
G d a s k f o r fiv e
th e
( c l e a n ) ........................ t h e
o.
p.
I ( l o o k ) ........................a t B e t t y ' s f a c e
I w a s s ic k , s o I ( s t a y )
a n d
in
I ( n e e d ) ......................y o u r h e l p
is a w r i t e r
house
m . W e ( d a n c e ) .........................a l l n i g h t a t J i m ' s
n.
w it h
y e a rs .
lin e w a s b u s y .
lif t s u d d e n ly
w h o le
d e s s e rt.
(p re p a re )
s c h o o l.
c a ll J im , b u t th e
m u m
m u s ic .
.
d.
(s to p )
n o w .
......................... b e t w e e n t w o
b e fo re
flo o r s .
g r a n d m a 's v is it .
p a rty .
( n o t i c e ) ..........................t h a t s o m e t h i n g
bed
(h a p p e n )
....
a ll d a y y e s te rd a y .
m y p r o je c t, b u t y o u
d id n 't a n s w e r m y p h o n e
c a ll.
Uzupenij zd a n ia o d p o w ie d n i fo rm p o d a n y c h c z a s o w n ik w n ie re g u la rn y c h :
J im
( e a t ) ............................... t h e
Som eone
w h o le
cake a n d
he
( s t e a l ) ................................ m y b i k e w h e n
L o rn ( d r i n k )
to o
C h e ls e a L o n d o n
( w in )
I ( b u y ) ..................................a
m uch
a t th e
................................... 2 : 0
O u r E n g lis h t e a c h e r ( t e a c h )
th e
a g a in s t A C
s ta ir s a n d
s a le s
( b r e a k ) ....................................h e r l e g .
w o r d s d u r in g
b a d
id e a
to
p r e v io u s
le s s o n .
1 5 e u ro s .
w a lk
in
S a l l y ( w e a r ) ...................................h e r b e a u t i f u l d i a m o n d
M r E d w i n s ( f l y ) ................................ t o
n.
W e (ta k e )
N e w
th e
t r o p ic a l is la n d .
I.
i^ v h o b c e p i
y e s te rd a y .
a t c h e m i s t r y , I ( u n d e r s t a n d ) ................................... e v e r y t h i n g
* ( k n o w ) ............................... i t w a s a
shop.
M ila n .
................................ u s m a n y n e w
f h e s e s h o e s ( c o s t ) ................................... m e o n l y
v e ry g o o d
...................................... i t o u t s i d e t h e
p a r t y la s t n ig h t .
W e ( s p e n d ) ...................................o u r l a s t h o l i d a y o n
I 'm
s ic k a f t e r w a r d s .
I ( le a v e )
lo v e ly b la c k d re s s a t th e
S a lly ( f a l l ) .................................. d o w n
k.
( fe e l)
Y o rk o n
th e
p a rk
e a r r in g s
th e t e a c h e r s a id .
la s t n ig h t
a t th e
p a rty .
b u s in e s s la s t w e e k .
lo ts o f g r e a t p h o t o s d u r in g
o u r tr ip
a c r o s s A s ia .
dla poczqlkuiqcych i zaawansowanych
183
W IE LK A G R A M A T Y K A JZYKA A N G IELSK IE G O
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n i fo r m c z a s o w n ik a to b e w c z a s ie P a s t S im p le n
I'
.............................
l o i n a n d P a u lo
So h a p p y lo see T o n i th a t I e v e n kissed h im .
.........................
a t th e c in e m a y e s te rd a y e v e n in g .
F o ste r d a y a t / p .m ., I .........................................o t h o m e w ith m y fa m ily .

d
W h e n m y d o g ....................................
W e ..............
sick,
I to o k h im to th e vet.
............... ... h u n g ry , so w e w e n t fo r a pizza .
ll .......................................q u ite w a rm , so w e d e c id e d t o g o fo r a w a lk.
I Ins b a g (n o t) .........................................very e xp e n sive , I b o u g h t it o n sale.
T h o m a s E d is o n ........................................ a fa m o u s in v e n to r.
i.
It ( n o t ) ........................................ m y fa u lt! I d id n 't d o it.
j.
The c h ild r e n
b o b a n d M o n ic a
I.
You
..............................
in th e g a rd e n w h e n it s ta lle d to rain.
.............................. at H ig h S c h o o l w h e n they started d a tin g .

rig h t, t h a t ........................................ the c o rre c t answer.
Z a m ie z d a n ia tw ie r d z c e n a p r z e c z e n ia :
a .
M y
g ra n d m a
b .
I h e a rd
w o rk e d
a b o u t th e
a s
n u rs e
fo r
o v e r th ir ty
y e a rs .
a c c id e n t
c. I w a s h a p p y to see Jim .
d
W e
I h o d
f.
I fo u n d
g .
J im
h.
T o m
i.
I c le a n e d
i.
T he
w a tc h e d
a
W o o d y
sh o w e r
a
d id
b e fo re
w a lle t o n
in v ite d
m e
h is
A lle n 's
to
th e
h is
s tu d e n ts
w in d o w s
w e re
w e ll
film
la s t w e e k
b re a k fa s t.
b u s.
b ir th d a y
h o m e w o rk
th e
n e w
p a rty
r ig h t a fte r
a n d
s c h o o l.
tid ie d
m y
ro o m
p re p a re d
fo r
th e
la s t w e e k e n d ,
e xa m
D o p o n i s z y c h z d a z a d a j p y ta n ia z a m k n i te (w y m a g a j c e o d p o w ie d z i ta k / me)
a . The p la n e crashed just be fore la n d in g
b . I spo ke to the m a n a g e r a b o u t my project,
c
M a ry lost her fa v o u rite ring
M r Brow n travelled a ro u n d the w a rid w hen he was young
0. W e m et B o b 's new g irlfrie n d last week

f. Everybody la u g h e d at B illy's jokes.
g
Tom g a ve m e a b u n c h o f be autiful flowers
h. It ro in e d a ll nig ht
1. M y n e ig h b o u r's d o g b it me
I
Jim a p o lo g is e d for his rude behaviour.
10. C Z A S Y
IU I"
h jhe film started o L Z j u n .
n < j t Q o s t f o r b r e a k fa s t.
e | read n? n r ir le a b o u t J o fla n e s e c u lt u r e .
.............................................................
t When I was a c h ild , I w e n t s k a tin g e v e r y jla y .
.............................................................
g Yesterday, Bill w o k e u p g t 9. p j p .
^ ......... .................
h. A man stole m y w a lle t o n th e m a r k e t.
.............................................................
i | put the d o c u m e n ts Q R y o u L d fiS k ..
............................................................
j. Dad repaired m y b ik e la s t w e e k .
........................ ....................................
k. I wrote a le tte r to S y lv ia .
, ..... ..................
I. I forgot a b o u t m y b e st f r i e n d 's b ir t h d a y .....................................................................................................
Uzupenij te k s t o d p o w i e d n i q f o r m q p o d a n y c h c z a s o w n i k w w c z a s ie Past S im p le :
graduate
spend
m ake
le a v e
m ove
perform
get
liv e
s tu d y
d ir e c t
r e c e iv e
Roman Polaski is o n e o f th e m o s t fa m o u s P o lis h film d ir e c to r s . H e w a s b o rn in P a ris, b u t s o o n

rter his fa m ily a
................................
to C r a c o w . D u r in g W o r ld W a r
II,
he
b ...............................
several years in th e C r a c o w g h e t to . A s a te e n a g e r , h e c ........................................... in th e th e a tre a n d

he d .
L.
h is f ilm d e b u t in 1 9 5 3 . H e
e.
H is firs t m o v ie , K nife in the W ater,
g.
................... in d , b u t h e n e v e r
................... a n O s c a r n o m in a tio n .
in F ra n c e , th e U K a n d H o lly w o o d
S oon a fte r h e h .
............................P o la n d , h e
w h e re h e i.
.................. h is m o s t fa m o u s film s , C hinatow n a n d Rosemary s Baby. In 2 0 0 3 , he
k....
i ..................................
o n O s c a r fo r The Pianist.
k l t l k z t k w m '* 15 ,0 rm C2a' rjw " lk iw ' ' B o r n y c h i d o p i.z j . do podanych

g i/e
b o g in
make
fmrj
v jy
w eor
Cjro/f
know
ie o /c
dn /<;
fhirik
bring
ve
f boow
fl
IJ
B
f
10. C Z A S Y
10.3.3.
Konstrukcja used
P
s:v,vx>sc
to
n n a w y k w p r z y z w y a o je r t u y w a n a jest k o n s tru k c ja
k K *e b y v r e g u la r n ie w y k o n y w a n e vn p rz e s z o c i
I used to d r in k a lo t o f m ilk w h e n I w a s a c h ild .

M ) u n c le u s e d to s m o k e 4 0 c ig a r e tt e s a d a y .
used to
O d n o s i si o n a d o
o b e c n ie n ie m o jq juz m ie js c a
J a k o d z ie c k o p ia m d u z o m le k a (teraz juz m e pi|)

M j w u je k p a li 4 0 p a p ie ro s w d z ie n n ie (juz m e p a li)
M y p a r e n ts u s e d t o t a k e u s t o th e c ir c u s o n c e a m o n th w h e n w e w e r e k id s .
c ; sc "
K ie d y bylim y
-o c:> ce z a b ie ra li n a s d o c y rk u ra z w m ie s i c u * (juz te g o n ie ro b i )
Konstrukcja to s k a d a s i z c z a s o w n ik a u s e d t o o r a z b e z o k o lic z n ik a - d la w s z y s tk ic h o s b s to s o w a n a jest

>c *v. v
no
no t d i d n ' t
zen o tw o rz y m y ja k d la in n y c h c z a s o w n ik w w c z a s ie P a s t S i m p l e
o p v 'a m o
za p o m o c d i d
s ta w ia j c n a p o c z tk u c z a s o w n ik p o s ik o w y d i d
M y g r a n d p a r e n t s u s e d t o liv e in a s m a ll v illa g e .
M o i d z ia d k o w ie m ie s z k a li vn m a e j w io s c e
M> g r a n d p a r e n t s d i d n ' t u s e t o liv e in a s m a ll v i l l a g e .
M o i d z ia d k o w ie n ie m ie s z k a li w m a e j
w iosce.
D id v o u r g r a n d p a r e n t s u s e t o liv e in a s m a ll v illa g e ?
C . v tw o i d z ia d k o w ie m ie s z k a li w m a e
w io s c e ?
This b u ild in g u s e d t o b e a p o s t o f f ic e .
W tym b u d y n k u m ie c ia si kied y p o c z ta .
This b u ild in g d i d n ' t u s e t o b e a p o s t o f f ic e .

D id th is b u ild in g u s e to b e a p o s t o f f ic e ?
W tvm b u d y n k u n ie m ie c ia si k ie d y p o c z ta
C zy w ty m b u d y n k u m ie c ia si k ie d y p o c z ta -
N cezy r w r o u w a g n a r n ic e m i d zy k o n s tru k c j u s e d
to
a z w ro te m b e
g et u sed
to
d o in g
s o m e t h in g (by p rz y z w y c z a jo n y m d o r o b ie n ia c z e g o / p rz y z w y c z a i si d o r o b ie n ia c z e g o ):
I u s e d to g e t u p v e r y e a r ly .
K ie d y w s ta w a a m b a rd z o w cze n ie .
I a m u s e d t o g e t t in g u p v e r y e a r ly .
Jestem p rz y z w y c z a jo n a d o w s ta w a n ia b a rd z o w c z e n ie .
I g o t u s e d t o g e t t in g u p v e r y e a r ly .
P rzyzw ycza ia m si d o w s ta w a n ia b a rd z o w c z e n ie .
I u s e d t o g o t o w o r k b y b ic y c le .
K .edvs je d z ia m d o p ra c y n a ro w e rz e .
I am
b ic y c le .
u s e d to
g o in g
to
w o rk
by
Je ste m p rz y z w y c z a jo n a d o je d e n ia d o p ra c y n a
ro w e rze .
I g o t u s e d to g o in g to w o r k b y b ic y c le .
P rzyzw yczaiam si d o je d e n ia d o p ro c y n a
rowerze.
" " a
g ra m a ty k a -
u t k a
WICZENIA
r b i, ^
o ra z c o
In t ie p a s t A n n ...
N o w Ann
hove 0 d 9
have a cat
g o o a t a lo t w ith frie n d s
p re f e r ,0 stoy a t h o m e
n o t r e a d a ot o f b o o k s
re a d o lo t o f b o o k s
h itc h h ik e
tra v e l b y tra in a n d p la n e
eo> o lo r ot fa s t fo o d
e a t h e a lth y , o r g a n ic fo o d
c h a n g e jo o s a lo t
h a ve h e r o w n c o m p a n y
n a v e io n g c u riy h a ir
n a v e s h o rt s tra ig h t h a ir
d o n o s p o rts
g o jo g g in g e ve ry d a y
a . In the p a st A n n .......................................................................................................................................
b ...........................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
d ..........................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n i fo r m c z a s o w n ik a used to:
a
M y b ro th e r ( p la y ) ..........................................................fo o tb a ll os a teenager.
(you, h a v e )
M y m u m (take) ........................................................m e to the playground every day.
P eople (spend) ........................................................ m o re tim e with their families in the post.
| (w rjte)
I je a ()
a pet w hen you were a child?
..................................................... a lot o f letters when I d id n 't have a m obile phone.

..................................................... healthy food w hen I lived with my parents.
People (tra v e l)......................................................... !ess because plane tickets were too expensive
h
Tom (read) ..........................................................(antasy bo oks when he was younger.
i.
;
(M ary, be) ....................................................... a blonde?

| (not like) ........................................................ spinach as a child, but I love it now.
10. CZASY
10 4 Czas przeszy
^.>.5 P ast
Continuous
C o n t in u o u s |est z o o n y m c z a s e m przeszym . U yw any jest d o o p is y w a n ia czynn oci, kt re
iv \ wykonywane w p e w n y m m o m e n c ie w p rz e s z o c i, n ie b y y za k o c z o n e .

T w ie r d z e n ia
fo iH* czasu P a s t C o n t i n u o u s s k a d a si z c z a s o w n ik a p o s ik o w e g o t o b e (by) w czasie przeszym

sn odpowiedniej fo rm ie d la d a n e j o s o b y ( w a s lu b w e r e ) o ra z cza so w n ika g w n e g o z k o c w k - i n g ,
czyli tzw im iesow u
czasu te ra n ie js z e g o .
A n a lo g ic z n ie d o czasu P r e s e n t C o n t i n u o u s , fo rm a im ie s o w u
jest ?ako sama d la w szystkich o s b , z m ie n ia si ty lk o fo rm a c z a s o w n ik a t o b e . N aley p a m i ta , e fo rm

imiesowu tworzym y w id e n tyczn y s p o s b , ja k w czasie P r e s e n t C o n t i n u o u s (patrz R ozdzia 1 0 .2 .).
I w as w o r k in g . - Ja p r a c o w a e m / p ra c o w a a m .
She w a s w o r k in g .
It w a s w o r k in g .
O n a p ra c o w a a .
O n o (to) p r a c o w a o .
They w e re w o r k in g .
O n i p r a c o w a li / o n e p ra c o w a y .
Oto przykadow e z d a n ia w czasie P a s t C o n t i n u o u s :
Yesterday at 5 p.m., I w a s still w o rk in g . - W c z o ra j o 5 n a d a l p ra c o w a e m .

I w a s h a v in g a s h o w e r w h e n the p h o n e ran g. - B ra a m prysznic, k,edy z a d z w o n i te le fo n .
The kids w e re p la y in g in the g a r d e n all d a y . - D zieci c a y d z ie b a w iy si w o g r o d * .
It w a s ra in in g h e a v ily all e v e n in g . - C a y w ie cz r b a rd z o p a d a o .
M u m w a s c o o k in g a n d d a d w a s setting the table. - M a m a g o to w a o , a ta ta n a k ry w a d o stou .
b e c z e n i a i p y ta n ia
^ e a e m o w czasie P a s t C o n t i n u o u s tw orzym y, d o d a j c d o w a s lu b w e r e s w k o przeczce n o t
"ta CO dzie p o w sze ch n e s fo rm y s k r c o n e przecze: w a s n ' t o ra z w e r e n ' t .
1 WQ5 not (w a sn 't) w o rk in g . - N ie p ro c o w a e m / p ra c o w a a m ,

ft w a s not (w a sn 't) w o rk in g .
N ie p ra c o w a o .
They w e r e not (w e re n 't) w o rk in g . - N ie p ra c o w a li.
I w a s n 't w a tc h in g T V all e v e n in g . - N .e o g l d a a m c a y w ie c z r tele w izji

Tom w a s n 't listening to m e at all. - T o m w c a le m n,e s u c h a .
The sun w a s n 't sh in in g a n d it w a s rather cold.
S oce nie w ie c io i b y o do z im n o
This time lost w a r w e w e re n 't living in W a rs a w . w W a rsza w ie
Rok te m u o tef po rze n ie m ieszkalim y
W IELKA G RAM A TY KA JZYKA A N G IE L SK IE G O
P y ta n ia z a m k n i t e , w y m a g a j c e o d p o w ie d z i ta k /
l
w as
P r z e s ta w ia j c fo r m
na
ko cu
lu b
e w e n tu a ln e
w e re
na
n ie , w c z a s ie
p o c z te k p y ta n ia , p o te m
W ere the children singing Christmas carols?

W as Tom eating lunch at 1 p.m.?
Yes, he was. l u b No, he wasn't.
s t a w ia m y p o d m io t , n a s t p n ie
imiesw
B r a a
k p i e l , k i e d y p r z y s z e d lis to n o s z ?
o tw a rte
p rz e d
n im
w ho
(k to ),
lu b
te n
sa m
o d p o w ie d n i z a im e k lu b
h o w m uch / m a n y
/ whi
c at 5 p f"- 7
e. laughing / w h |
I your parents
C zy T om
ja d lu n c h
p ie r w s z e j?
g so strangely t
. lor/aH evenir
C z y tw o ja
m am a
p r z y g o to w y w a a
o b io d ,
10.4.2.
No, she wasn't.
tw o rz y m y
I 'M ! * *
p r z y s z li m y ?
Yes, she was.
C z y d z ie c i p ie w a y k o l d y ?
W as your mother preparing dinner when we came?
P y ta n ia
t w o r z y m y p r z e z in w e r s P
d o p e n ie n ie , tz w . r e s z t * .
W ere you having a bath when the postman came? Was it raining yesterday? C z y w c z o r a j p a d a d e s z c z ?
k ie d y
P a st C o n tin u o u s
sposb
p r z y s w e k
p r z e s ta w ia j c
w hat
c z a s o w n ik
w h e re
(c o ),
{ g d z ie ) ,
w a s l u b w ere o r a z s t a w ia j c
w h e n ( k i e d y ) , w hy ( d l a c z e g o ) ,
Za
Cdsu Past C o n t in u a i
i czynnoci, k t r e
( ile ) , itd .
W hat were you doing yesterday at 6 p.m.? - C o r o b i e

W ho was driving when the accident happened? - K t o
ras, kiedy s i r
w c z o r a j o s z s te j?
p r o w a d z i s a m o c h d ,
k i e d y w y d a r z y s i
okoliczniki c z o s l
przez d uzszy czc
w yp a d e k?
Yesterday a t 4
On S u n d a y a t
W IC Z E N IA
Uzupenij zdania odpowiedni form podanych czasownikw
PastContinuous:
* parku.
rbiftne la s t m
po Indiach.
a .
T om
( w a l k ) ................................ i n
b .
L a s t F r id a y a t 5
c.
L a s t S a tu rd a y a t
d .
Y e s te rd a y a t 6
M y p a re n ts
f.
I t ( s n o w ) ................................... a l l d a y a n d a l l n i g h t .
g .
T h is t im e
Y ou
fo r tw o
p .m ., J a n e
h o u rs .
Tomwas snorii
th e s h o p p in g
1 0 a . m . , J im
( s till /
a n d
w ith
m y husband.
s l e e p ) ....................................
K a te ( p r e p a r e )
................................... d i n n e r w h e n
1 Ptnoki, k
fo r th e p a rty .
soup
I a r r iv e d .
E"g lisi
Tl' e situt
y e s t e r d a y , B i l l y ( d o ) ................................ h i s h o m e w o r k .
( s t u d y ) ................................ r e a l l y
A t 2
p a rk
p .m ., I ( d o )
(h a v e )
A t 9 .3 0 , S a ra h
i.
th e
o 'c lo c k
o n
h a rd
(h a v e )
fo r th e e x a m
la s t w e e k .
b re a k fa s t a n d
S a tu rd a y a fte r n o o n , J o h n a n d
her husband
(re a d )
............
n e w sp a p e r
S t e v e ( p l a y ) ..................................f o o t b a l l .
Zamie zdania twierdzce na przeczenia oraz zadaj do kadego z nich pytanie

zamknite (wymagajce odpowiedzi tak / nie):
^ I
y"no* w Pci..t
>na c,n S1
K r , , S8*
,rt n 1 w 0 s
ICdn O r
W
a.
J im
w a s lis te n in g
to
b.
O n
M o n d a y
c.
A t 9
O n
A t
f.
T h is t im e
I w a s w o r k in g w h e n
A t 9
m u s ic a ll e v e n in g .
m o r n in g , m u m
p . m . , L is a w a s h a v i n g
S u n d o y m o r n in g , T o m
1 o 'c lo c k , I w a s h a v in g
w o s c le a n in g t h e fla t .
a
r e la x in g
p .m .,
b a th
w o s r id in g
a b ik e ,
lu n c h w it h
m y boss
Ia s i y e a r , B e tty w a s ly in g o n
th e b e a c h
J o n e a r r iv e d
I w a s c le a n in g
u p a lte r th e p a r ty
dlo poczqtkuirjeych I /aow onto w anych
*doniQ<
.9dV)
Qrri
it Oj I
"W,
pyta nia z ro z s y p a n y c h s w :
th e c a t /
o t /
at
m um
la u g h in g
yo u r
so
k fo r
p -m . /
a r r iv e d
w h e re
w h y /
/ w as
y e llin g
w a s
s tr a n g e ly /
fla t
S a lly
.................................. .
y o u
...............................................................................
/ T o m / w a s / y e s te rd a y
a t
/ Bob
th e
a ll e v e n in g
d o in g
/ w hen /
w h a t
p a re n ts
s le e p in g
w h a t /
w a s
...................................................
th e c o n c e rt / w h o / s in g in g / yo u
a n d
Ja ke
/ at /
w e r e ........................................................ ...............................................................................
/ w h y / c le a n in g / w e re
w hy
w e re
b e h a v in g
...................................................
................... ................................
w as
...................................................
/ y o u / w h a t / lo o k in g ............................... ...................................................
lCj.4.2. Zastosowanie
Past C o n tin u o u s uyw a si d o w y ra a n ia :
noci,
k t re
m ia y m ie js c e w p e w n y m m o m e n c ie w p rz e s z o c i, b yy ro z p o c z te , a le n ie in te re s u je
, kiedy si ro z p o c z y o ra z czy i k ie d y si z a k o c z y y . W ta k ic h z d a n ia c h c z s to s to s o w a n e s
liczniki czasu o p is u j c e k o n k re tn y m o m e n t, g o d z in , d a t lu b w s k a z u j c e n a k o n ty n u a c j c z y n n o c i
ez duszy czas, n p . a l l , s t i l l , t h e w h o l e ... itp .
e r d a y a t 4 p .m ., I w a s still w o r k in g . - W c z o ra j o c z w a rte j jeszcze p r a c o w a a m ,

n S u n d a y a t 1 0 a .m ., B illy w a s jo g g in g in th e p a r k . - W n ie d z ie l o d z ie s i te j B illy b ie g a
rku.
is tim e la s t m o n th I w a s t r a v e llin g a c ro s s In d ia . - O tej p o rz e w zeszym m ie s i c u p o d r o w a a m

I d Indiach.
Tom w a s s n o rin g a ll n ig h t. - T o m c h ra p a c a q n o c .
noci, ktre wskazuj na s to p n io w z m ia n , rozw j, postp:
Jhe soup w a s g e ttin g c o ld . - Z u p a styga.

y English w a s im p r o v in g w ith e v e r y le s s o n . - M j a n g ie lski staw a si lepszy z ka d le kcj .
The s itu a tio n w a s c h a n g in g f o r th e b e tte r. - Sytuacja z m ie n ia a si na lepsze.
ynnoci, ktre byy tem innych w ydarze opisyw anych zazwyczaj za p o m o c czasu P a s t S i m p l e :
no w P a s t C o n t i n u o u s p o d k re la trw anie jednej czynnoci, podczas ktrej m ia a m iejsce ta
isana czasem P a s t S i m p l e :
hen I w a s w a tc h in g TV (czynno, ktra Irw a, ktra rozpocz a si wczeniej), th e p h o n e ra n g .
no jednorazow a, ktra p rz e ry w a " Irw anie p o prze dnie j)
lefon.
Kiedy o g l d a a m telew izj, za d z w o n i
okich zdaniach stosow ane s s p jn ik i w h e n (kiedy, gdy), w h i l e (podczas gdy), a s (gdy), j u s t a s

onie g d y )
e acc,dent h a p p e n e d w h e n I w a s d riv in g to w o rk .
gue
atk.
s ts
W ypadek zdarzy si, kiedy jechaam d o pracy
a r riv e d w h ile I w a s still m a k in g th e s a la d .
w as I w as le a v in g m y fla t, th e p h o n e ra n g .
Mon.
G o ci przyjechali, kiedy jeszcze ro b ia m
W anie gdy wychodziam i mieszkania, zadzwoni
W IELKA G RAM A TYKA JZYKA A N G IE L SK IE G O
d w c h
c z y n n o c i, k t r e
m ia y
m ie js c e
r w n o le g le
c z a s ie :
W h e n I w a s w a tc h in g TV, m y b ro th e r w a s p la y in g a c o m p u te r gam e.
t e le w iz j , m j b r a g r a w
g r
G d y
ja
o g lq d o ir -
Uzupetnii zda n
Continuous1
k o m p u te ro w .
The c h ild re n w e re p la y in g in the g a rd e n a n d th e ir p a re n ts w e re chatting in the living-room

D z ie c i b a w iy
s i w
o g r o d z ie , a
ic h
r o d z ic e
r o z m a w ia li w
s a lo n ie .
0. It (ram)
Inne zastosowanie czasu P ast Continuous:
-j
W hat (y o u , c
c_ T o m ( b r e a k )
o p is a c h
i o p o w ia d a n ia c h :
T he sun w a s sh in in g , a n d a m ild w in d w a s b lo w in g in fro m the sea... N o b o d y expected

th e tra g e d y th a t w o u ld h a p p e n la te r th a t d a y .
N ik t n ie
s p o d z i e w a s i
t r a g e d ii, k t r a
m ia a
S o c e
w ie c io , d e lik a t n y w ia tr w ia
s i w y d a r z y t e g o
od
W hy ( J e n n y ,I
W h ile I ( w o 11
W e (h a v e )
m o rz o
..
d n ia .
g. I t w o s o l o v e
p o d o b n ie
ja k
P re se n t Continuous
a lw a y s:
c z a s ie
z p r z y s w k ie m
Tom w a s a lw a y s ca llin g me in the m iddle
d o
w y r a e n ia
b a rd z o
o f
d o
o p is a n ia
the night.
T om
p rz y m o im
1. When nobc
c i g l e d z w o n i d o m n i e w r o d k u n o cy
u p r z e jm e j p r o b y :
I w a s w o n d e rin g if y o u c o u ld h e lp me w ith m y p ro je c t.
p o m c
h. W h ile I ( p r e
c z y n n o c i p o w t a r z a j c e j s i w p rz e s z o c i,
Z a s t a n a w ia a m
s i , c z y n i e m g b y mi
p r o je k c ie .
m.
Porwnanie czasw Past Simple
10.4. 3.
n.
i Past Continuous
C z a s u
Past Sim ple
c z y n n o c i
u y w a m y
je d n o r a z o w y c h ,
d o
o p is a n ia
C z a s u
o p is a n ia
z a k o c z o n y c h
w
w
p r z e s z o c i:
k s i k
M a m a
u g o t o w a a
o b ia d .
I watched an interesting programme on TV.

-
O b e jr z a a m
p o m o c
c z y n n o c i,
te le w iz ji
c z a s u
k t re
c ie k a w y
p ro g ra m .
Past Sim ple
n a s t p o w a y
je d n a
p o
w y p i f ili a n k
k a w y
i p o s z e d t d o
p ra c y .
N a ip ie r w
M a m a
g o to w a a
o b ia d .
O g lq d a lo m
t e l e w i z ji c i e k o w y p r o g r o n v
pomoc P ast C o n tin u o u s
d w ie
lu b
w i c e j c z y n n o c i, k t r e
m .o y
' S t I
i was d o ing my make-up
w s to ,
p o d s m a y a m
o b ro to m
w a rz y w a
w s z y s tk o
n a
i w
p a t e ln i
c e b u l ,
k o c u
p o
K in d , T n
B 't t a
- . ,
i"
"
w a rz y w a , p o d c z a s
, ^
First I fried some onion, than I peeled the

rest of the vegetables and finally mixed
everything in a pan.
_
k s i k .
d r u g ie j:
to work.
T o m
C z y ta a m
on TV.
Z o
o p is u je m y
Tom got up, had a cup of coffee and went

-
| was watching an interesting programme

-
Z a
c z y n n o c i r o z p o c z t e j i t r w a j c e j
Mum was cooking dinner.
Mum cooked dinner.

-
d o
p r z e s z o c i:
P r z e c z y ta a m
u yw a m y
I was reading a book.
I read a book.
-
Past Continuous
e m
p o m . e s . o lo m
,it ; . * , *.
was chopping the
_
O b ie r a a m
s ie k a o
c e b u l
dy mama
VJ.
Uzupe| n ij z d a n ia o d p o w i e d n i f o r m c z a s o w n i k w w c z a s ie P a s f S im p le lu b Past
Continuous:
3 lt jrajn) ............................... w h e n I ( g o ) ..............................

b What (you, d o )
o u t fo r a w a lk .
o n S a tu rd a y e v e n in g ?
Tom (b re a k )...............................th e w in d o w w h ile he ( p la y ) .................................. fo o tb a ll in th e g a rd e n .

d. Why (Jenny, cry) ................................. y e s te rd a y ?
e. While I ( w a lk ) ...............................to s c h o o l, I ( s e e ) .................................. a te rrib le a c c id e n t.
f.
We (h a v e )
g u e s ts ,
g. It was a lo ve ly d a y
w h e n a ll o f a s u d d e n Ja k e ( a r r iv e ) ...............................
th e s u n ( s h in e ) .................................a n d th e b ird s ( s in g ) ..................................
h. While I (p re p a re ) ................................. th e s a la d , m u m (set) .................................th e ta b le a n d d a d (sit)

..............................in a n a r m c h a ir d o in g n o th in g .
i.
When n o b o d y (lo o k ) ............................... Rex (eat) ............................ ,. a ll th e la m b c h o p s w e h a d

prepared fo r o u r gu ests.
I (b re a k )
m y le g w h ile I ( s k i) .............................. in Italy.
k. Kelly (alw ays, ask) .................................m e fo r h e lp w ith h e r h o m e w o rk .

Som ebody (steal) .................................M a rta 's w a lle t w h ile she (do)
I.
h e r s h o p p in g a t
the s u p e rm a rke t.
m. W hile w e (w alk) .............................. in th e p a rk w e ( m e e t ) .................................. o u r n e w n e ig h b o u rs w ith
their b e a u tifu l d o g .
n. First, I (dust) .............................. th e fu rn itu re , th e n I ( h o o v e r ) ..................................th e c a rp e ts a n d fin a lly
I (c le a n )
th e flo o rs .
o. W hile we (q u e u e )................................fo r the c o n c e rt tickets, they s u d d e n ly ( a n n o u n c e ) ...............................

they had sold o u t.
p. It ( g e t) ................................c o ld , so w e ( r e tu r n ) ..............................h o m e .
ESI
P oq cz w p a r y c z c i z d a :
1 W h ile
T o m
2 .
W h ile
I w a s
3-
Jane
4 -
I tr ip p e d
5 .
Tom
w a s
fis h in g
m a k in g
lo s t h e r w a lle t
a n d
fe ll o H
fe ll
a n d
...
s a n d w ic h
...
W h ile
m a n
I w a s
w a s
w h ile
h e
c.
w h ile
d .
I c u t m y
e .
I s a w
a n
f.
w h ile
sh e
g .
w h ile
I w a s
h ik in g
h .
w h ile
I w a s
f r y in g
fe ll
h e
w a s
in to
h e
r id in g
th e
w a s
h o rs e ,
w a te r.
c r o s s in g
th e
s tre e t.
f in g e r .
...
b ro k e
h is
a rm
6. I b u rnt m y h a n d ...
2 .
a .
w a lk in g
h it b y
in
c a r
th e
...
p a rk
o ld
la d y
w a s
b e in g
d o in g
in
m u g g e d .
h e r s h o p p in g .
th e
m o u n ta in s .
p a n c a k e s .
W IELKA G R A M A T Y K A J Z Y K A A N G IE L S K IE G O
U z d a n ia i p y ta n ia z r o z s y p a n y c h s w :
a .
w a itin g
b .
th e
c.
o u t?
d .
J im
e .
th e
f.
c a m e .
fo r
f ilm ?
m e
w a s
r a in in g
a n d
a r r iv e d
d u r in g
B o b
g u e s ts /
w h e n
w e re
s till /
c u p
I /
m y
f r ie n d s
Je n n y
w a s
w h y
yo u
y e s te rd a y /
p r e p a r in g
w e
th e
a t th e
c r y in g
it /
w h e n
I /
w h e n
w e re
w e n t
w h a t /
p o s tm a n
c lu b .
e v e n in g ?
w a s
h a v in g
th e
d o in g
s te w
o f c o ffe e
10.5 . 1 -
a r r iv e d .
as /
Twierdzenia
w e re
as P r e s e n t
g .
o u t /
f ilm
th e
lig h ts
w a tc h in g
o n
T V . /
w e n t /
w h e n
w e re /
we
pojedynczej) o r a :
'e g jla m y c h m a ,
h .
w ith
th e
s tre e t /
I /
w a s
h is
c r o s s in g
ju s t /
sa w
I /
a s /
n e w
g ir lfr ie n d . /
im iesw b i e r n y ,
B ob
& q k i.
I have w o r l
You have v
U z u p e n ij te k s t o d p o w ie d n i fo r m p o d a n y c h c z a s o w n ik w :
He has lo st
T h e re
th e
a .......................................... a
(b e )
k itc h e n
c h o p s ,
th e
she
k itc h e n .
W h e n
(s e e )
I (ru n )
m y
( r in g )
I ( t r y ) k ..........................................t o
e n d e d
w e ll a n d
in
s o a p
m y
see
she
k itc h e n ,
b u rn s
as
h o u se
fir e ,
fo r
w e e k.
u s.
(g o )
(s e e )
A s
M y
she
m u m
(fry )
(b e )
f ............................................
h ..........................................
b ................................
d ............................................t h e
t o p ic k
sm oke
j ..............................................T h e w h o l e
I (b u rn )
it
up.
c o m in g
th e
( a r r iv e )
s e r io u s , b u t th e
fir e
b r ig a d e .
p .......................
Iro m
k itc h e n
n e e ds
9t prcyWadov^
th e
I have live
c o o k e r w o s o n lire .
W h ile
They have
m eat
I ( w a tc h )
I ................................................m y s e l f . W h e n m y m u m
a m b u la n c e
w e r e n 't v e r y
la s t
she
w h a t (h a p p e n )
( c a ll)
th e
so
s u d d e n ly
p u t o u t th e
th e fir e ,
th e
m y
e ............................................
i .............................................t o
o ...........................
a t
d in n e r
fa v o u r ite
m ............................................
fir e
(p re p a re )
te le p h o n e
g ...........................................
te r r ib le
in
th e
fir e m e n
F o r tu n a te ly ,
Karen has
f in a lly
1haven't s
(w o
What has
e v e ry th ' 9
Hqs he t0 |
r e d e c o r a tin g .
P r z e tu m a c z n a j z y k a n g ie ls k i:
a.
K ie d y
b .
W c z o r a j p r a c o w a a m
c.
W a n ie
g d y
d.
M ia a m
n a d z ie j ,
n a
m e g o
c a y
m g b y
to b ie , zadzw onie d o m nie.

p o yczy
e jest lepszym kierow c ode
f.
Ja wieszaam d e ko ra q e , a M a ry przygotowywaa przekski - przyjci u
h.
G d z ie
r W
p a n
b y w
p o
ro d
p rz e k o n a ,
In te r n e c ie ,
o
Q ve
My
m i troch pienidzy.
J im
p r b o w a m n ie
^Puje o n z
!hQve b
ei
T,
has fc
p a d a deszcz. R obio si zim no i w ia wiatr.
d z ie .
r o z m a w ia li m y
.b y
S:S 2 c z a s
e .
c i g le
c z e k a a m , z a c z
*od
pf0VV(e
Paren
pitnastej i co pan wtedy ro b i?
Hove
V, Xo,
6S' 1
jslauko a0SU ^ r e s e n ^ e r *e c * o p ra w ia P o la ko m
wzgldu na
m oe
ze czas en n 'e m a b e z p o re d n ie g o o d p o w ie d n ik a w gram a tyce p o ls k ie j. Czas ten
wyraa z a r w
P re s e n t
uczqcym si jzyka a n g ie ls k ie g o w ie le trudnoci
P e rfe c t,
n o te r a n ie js z o ,
w y n i k a o b y , i
s iln y z w i z e k o p i s y w a n e j , n a w e t
ja k i przeszo. Jednake, z po dan ych niej kon tekst w uycia czasu
jest to raczej czas teraniejszy ni przeszy, a p rzynajm n iej w skazujqcy na
przeszej sytuacji, z teraniejszociq.
10.5.1. Forma twierdzqca, przeczenia i pytania

Twierdzenia
q os P re se n t P e r f e c t skad a si z czasow nika p o s ik o w e g o h a v e lu b h a s (dla trzeciej osoby liczby
p o je d y n c z e j)
oraz im iesow u czasu przeszeg o ( p a s t p a r t i c i p l e ) . Im iesw ten, w przypadku czasow nikw
r e g u io r n y c h
m a,
im ie s w
b ie r n y ,
zn a n q
z czasu P a s t S i m p l e ko c w k - e d ; dla czasow nikw nie re g u la rn ych jest to
tzw. trzecio fo rm o " z ta b e li czasow nikw n ie re g u la rn ych , ktra z n a jd u je si na kocu
k s i k i.
I have w o rk e d a ll n ig h t. - P ra co w a e m / P racow aam c a q noc.

You have w o rk e d a ll n ig h t. - P racow ae / P racow aa c a q noc.
He has lost the k e y . - O n z g u b i klucz.
They have lost the k e y . - O n i zg u b ili klucz.
Oto przykadowe zdania w czasie P r e s e n t P e r f e c t :

I have lived h e re a ll m y life . - M ieszkam tu c a e ycie.
Karen has b e en m y fr ie n d s in c e c h ild h o o d . - Karen jest m o jq przyjacikg o d dziecistw a.
I haven't seen Jo h n f o r a g e s . - N ie w id z ia a m Johna o d lat.
W hat has he sa id to y o u ? - C o o n ci po w ie dzia?
Has he to ld y o u a b o u t his a c c id e n t? - Czy on p o w ie d z ia ci o swoim w ypadku?
-zasownik by" w czasie P r e s e n t P e r f e c t m o fo rm b e e n i zachow uje si jak pozostae czasow niki
si z czasownikiem po siko w ym h a v e lub h a s . W a rto jed nak zap am i ta, e w P r e s e n t P e r f e c t
^stpuje on zawsze z przyim kiem t o .

I have been to R om e tw ic e . - D w a razy byam w Rzymie.
ôm ^ as been to th e s h o p . - T o m by w sklepie.
We have b e en b u s y la te ly . - Jestemy osto tnio zajci.
M Y parents h a v e n 't b e e n to a n y o f m y s c h o o l p la y s so fa r . - M o i rodzicie nie byli d o tej pory na
ZQd n y m
moim przedstaw ieniu szkolnym .
^ n'a * P rze cze n ia

0nia ZQrnkmte (tak / nie) w czasie P r e s e n t P erfect tworzy si przez inwersj, czyli staw iajqc czasownik
b a v e lub h a s na pierwszym m iejscu w zdaniu, a p o d m io t na drugim .
^Qve you seen the la te s t film b y R o m a n P o la ski? - W idziae ostatni film Rom ana Polask.ego?
eS/ * bave. lub N o , I h a v e n 't.
u
u * ^ snov/ed la te ly ? - Pada osta tnio nieg?

Ve you k n o w n Tom f o r lo n g ? - D u g o znasz Tomo?
'^^Kbce D|
Hln n n r M k u ln n r h I zaaw ansow anych
Pytom o o t w o rt e Iw o n y m , d o d o jq c no p o a q lk u odpow .odni ,c m o k lob praystwek w h o ! Irai k

l9 < M . w h , [d lo c o g o ), w h o |k l), h o w m o n y / m o < h (1 .) d
W h a t h a v e y o u d o n e ? ! - C o ty zrobie?!
W h e r e h a v e Ja n e a n d Tom m et? - G d z ie p o z n a li si Jan e i Tom ?
W h o h a s d ru n k all the m ilk?
W h y h a s Bill quit his jo b ?
K to w y p i c a e m le k o ?
D la c z e g o Bill rz u c i p ra c ?
P rzeczenia tw orzym y, d o d a jq t d o czasow nika p o s ik o w e g o h a v e lub h a s sow o n o t , powszechnie stosowane

aq lo rm y s k r c o n e h a v e n ' t o ra z h a s n ' t . F orm a im ie s o w u pozostu|e za kodyrn razem bez zmian.
W e h a v e n 't visited Italy yet.
Jeszcze nie o d w ie d z ili m y W io c h .
I h a v e n 't re a d this b o o k yet.
Jeszcze nie czytaam tej ksigki.
M y sister h a s n 't taken h e r d rivin g test yet.
M o ja siostra nie z d a w a a jeszcze egzaminu na prawo
ja zd y.
WICZENIA
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n iq fo r m q p o d a n y c h c z a s o w n ik w re g u la rn y c h :
a . I ( p la y ) .................. n e v e r .................... g o i.
b
W e ( liv e ) ....................in C ra c o w a ll o u r lives.
Tom (s ta y )................ n e v e r ..................... in such a fancy hotel.
(try )
......................
to c a ll Jim , but the ph one isn't w o rk in g .
e . I ( w a lk ) .................. a lr e a d y .................... the dog.

f
I (notice) ................... yo u are w e a rin g a new ring o n your linger.
| (want) .................... a lw a y s
to be an actress.
B ob (fin is h )................. |u s t
his ho m e w o rk, so he can g o out and play football
M u m (c le a n )..................a lr e a d y .....................the b a th ro o m , now she's c le a n in g the kitchen
j.
Y ou (lis te n ).............
n e v e r ................. to that C D I gave you, ha ven't you?
M y parents (watch)
........... ju s t ...............
Torn (dance) ..........
.. n e v e r...................the salsa.
the news.
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n iq fo rm q p o d a n y c h c z a s o w n ik w n ie re g u la rn y c h :
o
| (know)
Betty for over 10 years.
M a rk and I (do)..................................... a lre a d y ........................................ the shopping
It's the best film
cl
thanks, but it's O K . We (eat) .................................... a lre a d y ........................................
Listen everybody! M y brother (win) ...................................... the lottery!
M y parents (spend) ......................................a lot o l m oney lately.
O h nol I (b u rn ).................................... the dinner again!
I (s e e )............... , ...........
h. Tom (fo rg e t)..................................... to lock the d o o r.

t | (wear) .................................... n e v e r....................................... this dress before, it's new.
j
Jane (ta k e )............. .....................a lew days oH work,
You (drink) ...................................too much, you should lie down.
I, Someone (sto at).................................... my biket
tin iiocrqtkulqc.yr.h m o w o m o w o n y th
Z podanych w y ra z w u p rz e c z e n ia :
M o r k / n o t f i n d / h e k e y s . ...........................................................................
| /
not eat /
a n y th in g
VVe / n o t o r d e r /
T h e g u e s ts
B ill /
If
You /
to
j.
M y fr ie n d s
j.
Bob /
to
d o
.........................................................................................
la te ly .
h is
c.
It h a s r a i n e d
Tom
h o s tr ie d
........................................................ .................................
n e ig h b o u r s
s o f a r ....................................... ..........................................................
th e ir e x a m s y e t.
z d a :
a b o u t h i s p l a n s .................................................................................................................................
p a r a g lid in g
M y p a re n ts h a v e
B ill h a s j u s t h a d
..........................................................................................
p r o j e c t . ....................................................... .........................................................................................
lo t la te ly .
e.
W e h a v e liv e d
p ie .
f o r l u n c h . ............................................................ ..........................................................................................
m e
a
............................................................... .........................
p o n i s z y c h
p iz z o
J o h n h o s t o 'd
s c h o o l to d a y .
n o t ta k e
g.
.........................................................................................
m y n e w
n o t fin is h /
! have h a d
m y a p p le
not speak /
Z a d a j p y ta n ia
a.
y e t.
J e rry
n o t try /
....... ..........
........................................................................................
n o t a r r iv e
W e / n o t see
g.
y e t.
y e t.
not co m e
. ...................................................
b e fo re .
re d e c o ra te d
a
cu p
h e re
h o u se .
o f c o ffe e .
fo r o v e r
S am h a s n e v e r e a te n
th e
1 0
..........................................................................................
Y es,
it h a s .
.............................................................. ...........................
N o ,
h e
h a s n 't .
Y es,
he
has.
........................................................................................
.........................................................................................
y e a r s .......................... ...............................................................................................
c a v i a r . ....................................................... ......... ......................................................................................
Ow h a v e r e a d t h e
n e w s p a p e r th is
j-
i h o ve b e e n to
s h o p s ................................................................. ................................................... ..................................... .
th e
m o r n in g
N o ,
I h a v e n 't .
|0.5.2. Zastosowanie (1) - for, since, never,

ever, recently, lately
,o n n stanu ktry m ia sw j pocztek
mo2e bdzie jeszcze trw a nadal
P resent P e rfe c t uywany est m .in. d o opisania
-,-Joci).
#
n
^he has lived in W a rs a w since h e r d iv o rc e .
zoanse wskazuje, ze jego bo haterko zorn,esZ
mieszka w W arszawie o d czasu ro z w & lu .

W arszawie p o rozwodzie (przeszo) i mtesz o
miecie nadal, do c h w i l i ob e cn e j (teraniejsi

torn |a ko nauczycielka przez 1 0 lat. (i na a
>W
w orked as o te a c h e r f o r 1 0 y e a rs . - Pracowo
"ykonui t e n z a w d )
hove ho d this c a r fo r y e a rs . -
o d lat.
.
d lo poczqfkoiqcych i to o w a n so w a n ych
C h a ra k te ry s ty c z n e
n a
z w i z e k
d la
le g o
z a s to s o w a n ia
sq
p e w n e
w y r a e n ia , p r z y im k i, o k o lic z n ik i c z a s u , k t re w sk
o p is y w a n e j s y t u a c ji z te r a n ie js z o c i .
" be*
**
P rz y im k i s in c e / f o r (o d / p rz e z ):
p r z e s z o
S in c e
u yw ane
je s t, g d y w
z d a n iu
m o w a
je s t o
I h a v e n 't s p o k e n to Tom since C hristm as.

(a d o
i5o$ie
t e r a n ie js z o
k o n k re tn y m
N ie
m o m e n c ie
r o z m a w ia e m
p r z e s z o c i.
z T om e m
o d
B oego
N a r o d z e n ia ,
d z i w c z n ie )
She has b e e n sick since M o n d a y .
O n a
je s t c h o r a
W e h a v e n 't e a te n a n y th in g since 2 o 'c lo c k !
o d
N ie
p o n ie d z ia k u ,
je d li m y
n ic
(i d z is ia j je s t n a d a l c h o r a )
o d
d r u g ie j!
(a
d o
m o m e n tu
m w ie n ia )
Fo r
uyw a m y,
a d o
g d y
m o m e n tu
m w im y
c z y n n o c i,
k t ro
tr w a a
p rz e z
ja k i
o k r e lo n y
p r z e d z i a c z a s u , tr w a iq c y
m w ie n ia .
W e h a v e k n o w n ea ch o th e r fo r six m onths.
Jim has liv e d in Paris f o r
1 2
y e a rs .
I h a v e be en he re fo r an h o u r.
J im
J e s te m
tu
Z n a m y
m ie s z k a
p rz e z
s i s z e m ie s i c y , ( d o d z i w c z n ie )
P a ry u o d
12
la t . (i d z i n a d a l t a m
m ie s z k a )
g o d z in .
Naley zwrci uwag na rnic midzy zastosowaniem s in c e / f o r oraz a g o :

W h e n d id y o u m eet Jim ?
m et Jim fiv e y e a rs a g o .
K ie d y
a g o s t o s u j e m y z a w s z e P a s t S im p le )
H o w long have yo u kno w n Jim? I have know n Jim since 2 0 0 5
te m u .
Z na m
p o z n a a
J im a ?
P o z n a a m
(p rz y
J im a o d 2 0 0 5
W y r o e n ia
ever
ro k u /
od
5 la t . ( p r z y
( k ie d y k o lw ie k ) ,
s in c e
fo r
n e v e r... b efore
a lw a y s ( z a w s z e ) :
I h a v e n e v e r trie d C hinese fo o d .
s to s u je m y
fo r five years.
J a k d u g o m a s ,. ,rn o '
P re s e n t P e rfe c t)
( n ig d y w c z e n ie j) ,
the first tim e... evei
ra z ...),
H a v e yo u e v e r flo w n in a b a llo o n ?
a le
J i m a 5 la t
w c z n ie
z d n ie m
!
N ig d y
n ie
p r b o w a a m
C z y k ie d y k o lw ie k le c ia e b a lo n e m ?
d z is ie js z y m )
d u g im i w o s a m il ( p ie r w s z y r a z w y c iu , a d o
kuchni
( k ie d y k o lw
m o m e n tu
m w ie n ia )
"
( n ig d y ,
ie k
It's the first tim e I ho ve seen a w o m a n w ith such lo n g h a ir!
dla poczqtkuiqcych i wowonOWOhyct
c h i s k ie j
IP "
,
w g r .- m
p r z e s z o c i,
, .
Pierwszy raz w,dz<f kobtel
ve
t i l l n o w (a d o teraz) / s o f a r (jak n a razie) / n o w (juz o d
):
i e TeenP veryn |Uc k y so fa r . - Jak na razie m ie li m y d u z o s z c z u c ia , (w tq c z n ie z m o m e n te m

iV e
'enio)
have been m a rrie d f o r 2 5 y e a r s n o w . - Sq m a e s tw e m juz o d 2 5
la t. (w m o m e n c ie
ey
, i e n i o
s nadal m aestw em )
aniki this m o r n in g , w e e k , m o n t h , y e a r itp. (dzi ra n o , w tym ty g o d n iu , m ie s iq c u , ro k u , it p .)

to d a y (dzi) / re c e n tly (n ie d a w n o ) / la t e ly (o s ta tn io ). W y ra e z z a im k ie m t h i s m o n a u z y w a c
<asie P re se n t P e rfe ct ty lk o p o d w a ru n k ie m , e m o w a jest o o tw a rty m p rz e d z ia le cza su . T
o n th
is
uyjemy na przykad, g d y biecy m ie s i c n a d a l jeszcze trw a :
ere have been m a n y c h a n g e s in o u r c o m p a n y th is m o n th . - W tym m ie s iq c u w n a s z e j firm ie

iolo miejsce wiele zm ian.
've met Joan this m o rn in g o n m y w a y to w o r k . - D zi ra n o w d ro d z e d o p ra c y s p o tk a a m J o a n ,
wiemy w m om encie, gdy n a d a l jest p o ra n e k d a n e g o d n ia ; w y p o w ia d a j c to z d a n ie w ie c z o re m

jemy ju czasu P a s t S im p le )
have been q u ite
b u s y la te ly . -
Bylim y o s ta tn io d o z a j c i, (i p r a w d o p o d o b n ie
emy)
W IC Z E N IA
Uzupenij z w ro ty p r z y im k ie m fo r lu b since:
o.................................... five years
h .......................................... 1 9 8 2
.....................................yesterday
i .......................................
c.....................................C hristm as
i-
^ .................................... o v e r tw o weeks
k .......................................... 6 m o n th s
e.....................................M o n d a y
*........................................... I first s a w h e r
................................ 2 o 'c lo c k
A p ril
................................ 2 0 m in u te s
m .........................................o v e r a c e n tu ry
n.
................................... a lo n g tim e
^ .....................................h a lf an h o u r
Uzupenij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n im p r z y im k ie m fo r lu b since:
I haven't seen T o m ................................. y e a rs .
om has been s ic k ................................. M o n d a y .
I . . l e d ,o , f c c o m p o n , ................................. o n ly ^
y parents have lived In this h o u s e .............................
19 s
Jane hosd h hH VK ^
9 My qrand
* *
i!
0 V e ' 3 m o " th s
........ ....................... Iess th " - o n t h .
s s l i1- mhpitoi ;....

en in love w ith M a ry
f
..........................

' ,rs* hm e he saw her
nadal
tL K A GRAM A TYKA JZYK A A N G IE L SK IE G O
y b ie r z
p r a w id o w
I h o v e
b .
M y
c.
W e have know n Lisa .... ch ild h o o d .
d .
M y
b e e n
w a itin g
it* * * 0
el^l
o d p o w ie d :
p a re n ts
h a ve
s is te r h a s
e .
I h a v e
f.
M y
g .
W e
h.
B e tty
liv e d
liv e d
in
b e e n
in
h a d
h a s
.... o v e r o n
m a r r ie d
A u s tr a lia
R om e
da d hos w orked
h a ve
fo r T o m
....
o n
....
y e a rs .
S e p te m b e r.
....
j
b s ln c
b ' s |n c e
C K fo r
I w as
1 2
b,since
a police office r ....a lm o s t 2 0 years.
o s
a ^
s ix m o n t h s .
R ex, o u r d o g ,
b e e n
.... 2 5
h o u r n o w .
y e a rs o ld .
d i e t . . . . lo s t M o n d a y .
a . f0 r
o
fo r
fa r
b i r o
u
^
^ ''
fe
kno'
yve h v0
' nC
b. since
* . I** it <*ve
|h o P e
have
I There
P rz e k s z ta z d a n ia , u y w a j c p o d a n y c h c z a s o w n ik w o r a z p rz y im k w for i since*
a .
b.
I m e t J im
f iv e
y e a rs a g o .
(k n 0 W >
..............................................................................................................................................................................................5 y e a r s .
(k n o w )
.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 0 0 5 .
B e tty a n d
P a u l g o t m a r r ie d
in
Uzdan,a
fl
O c to b e r.
a. *e / h a v e /
(b e
m a r r ie d )
..............................................................................................................................................................................................8 m o n t h s .
(b e
m a r r ie d )
..................................................................................................................... ....................................................................... O c t o b e r
b. I / work / t
c so far / the
c.
I h a d
b re a k fa s t a t 8
o 'c lo c k
in
th e
m o r n in g .
(n o t e a t)
.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 h o u r s .
( n o t e a t)
..............................................................................................................................................................................................8 o ' c l o c k
d ever / y o u
e eat / 1 / s f
f. not try / w
d .
e.
T om
m o v e d
to
P ra g u e
la s t m o n t h .
( liv e )
..............................................................................................................................................................................................J a n u a r y .
( liv e )
..............................................................................................................................................................................................o v e r a m o n th .
I la s t v is it e d
9. be / very
n. our b u s ir
m y g r a n d m o t h e r a t C h r is tm a s .
( n o t v is it)
..............................................................................................................................................................................................C h r i s t m a s
( n o t v is it)
..................................................................................................................................... ........................................................ 6 m o n , h s -
D a v id
a t 5
Q Przetumar
o. Czy kiec
f.
a r r iv e d
o 'c lo c k .
b. Na razii
(b e
h e re )
............................................................................................................................................................................ ................ 2 h o u r s
(b e
h e re )
............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 ' d o c k '
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n i fo rm c z a s o w n ik a o ra z p rz y s w k a m i e ve r lub never.
c. Nie czy
i Nigdy r
e Bezrob
hczba
(y o u , b e )
to
b.
( T o m , try )
........................................................... t o
c.
I (tru s t)
d .
M y
( le t)
e.
Jane
( t , r a i n ) ............................................................i n
g .
( y o u , lo s e )
h .
( y o u , m e e t ) ......................................................... a
i.
M r T h o m p so n
p a re n ts
B o b , I kn e w
h e 's a
9- M ojeq
C h in a ?
o.
c le a n
u p
th e
fla t o n
lia r .
m e
b a b y s it m y little
( l i k e ) ............................................................c o o k i n g , t h a t ' s w h y
I (s e e )
M oj
NoJ
h is o w n ?
th is
b ro th e r. T h e y s a y I m to o
h e r h u s b a n d d o e s it .
.........................................................y o u r w a l l e t ?
(b e
p e rs o n ?
m a r r i e d ) .......................................................... l , h o u 9 h h e *
........................................................... s u c h
Al/i nrr/fl ik u io c y c ti zaaw ansow onych
b e a u tifu l w o m a n
i- Miow
M zyk
1 Nigd
p a r t o f A fr ic a ?
fa m o u s
ir r e s p
b e fo re .
5 5
mi zdania podanym i w yraeniam i:

g f Uzupen l*
^^
ts the first time
l>ve
k
this month
before
lately
alw ays
now
this year
.............................................w a n te d to b e a n a c tre s s , th a t's w h y I w e n t to a c tin g s c h o o l.
!one has ne ve r ta k e n a n y e x a m s ................................................ th a t's w h y s h e 's s o n e rv o u s n o w .

............................... I'v e b e e n to In d ia a n d I'v e fa lle n in lo v e w ith it.
j
g
We have k n o w n J im f o r o v e r 1 0 y e a r s ................................. ................

.................................... I v e c o n s id e r e d P a u l th e m o s t re s p o n s ib le a n d r e lia b le p e rs o n I k n o w .
| hope it never c h a n g e s .
h a v e
b e e n
lo t
o f
c h a n g e s in th e g o v e r n m e n t .................................................
T h e re
Sue, have yo u re a d a n y in te re s tin g b o o k s ................................................. ?
h. My son B o b b y ha s a lr e a d y b e e n s ic k t w i c e .................................................
U z d a n ia z r o z s y p a n y c h w y r a z w , u y j c z a s o w n ik w w o d p o w i e d n i e j f o r m ie :
o. we / h a v e / la te ly / w ith o u r te e n a g e s o n / m a n y p r o b le m s
...................................................
b. I / w o rk / th is m o n th / h a r d e r th a n u s u a l
....................................................
c. so fa r / th e m o s t b e a u t if u l / Ic e la n d / b e / I / se e / p la c e
....................................................
d. ever / yo u / th in k / ? / a b o u t m o v in g to a n o t h e r c o u n t r y
....................................................
e. eat / I / s h rim p s / it's th e fir s t tim e
....................................................
f.
....................................................
not try / w in d s u r fin g / b e fo r e / I / b u t / I / h e a r it is fu n
g. be / v e ry s tric t / m y m u m / a lw a y s / w ith us
....................................................
h. o u r b u s in e s s / v e ry s u c c e s s fu l / u p till n o w / b e
....................................................
o. Czy k ie d y k o lw ie k p y w a e w o c e a n ie ?
b. N a ra zie n ie w id z ia e m t e g o film u .
c. N ie c z y ta e m o s ta tn io a d n e j d o b r e j k s i k i.
d . N ig d y n ie b y e m w H o n o lu lu .
e. B ezro bocie w z r o s o w ty m r o k u .
f-
Liczba tu ry s t w w P o ls c e p o d w o ia si o d m a ja 2 0 0 7 ro k u .
9- M o je g o n a jle p s z e g o p r z y ja c ie la z n a m o d c z a s w s z k o y re d n ie j,
h
To p ie rw s z y ra z , g d y s p o tk a a m r o d z ic w m o je g o c h o p a k a .
'
N a u czye m si o s ta tn io w ie lu n o w y c h s w .
I-
M ia e m w ty m ty g o d n iu w ie le p r o b le m w ,
k- C zy k ie d y k o lw ie k s k a m a e m a m ie ?
!
N ig d y
n ie s p o tk a e m ta k n ie g rz e c z n e j o s o b y .
D o k o c z z d a n ia , o d n o s z c si d o w a s n y c h d o w ia d ,
Iczen:
a . I h a ve n e v e r ...................... ...........
c.'
Viiive
d . So fa r I h a ve . . ................................
,he......................................
b6Stbk' h0Veeverread
e . I h a ve k n o w n m y best frie n d fo r / since

f.
.............................................
I h a ve a lw a ys w a n te d .................................
......................................
g . M y best frie n d has n e v e r

h . U p till n o w , m y p a re n ts .......................
10.5.3. Zastosowanie (2) - just, already, yet

P r e s e n t P e r f e c t suy r w n ie d o o p is a n ia czynnoci przeszej, ale nieokrelonej konkretnie w
czsto m a j c e j w p y w na c h w il o b e c n .
czasie,
I h a v e b e e n to P aris se v e ra l times. - Byam kilka razy w Paryu.

Jim h a s b o o k e d a table at his favourite restaurant. - Jim zarezerw ow a stolik w swojej ulubionei
re s ta u ra c ji.
H a v e y o u h a d lu n c h ? - J a d a ju lunch?
N a le y z w r c i u w a g , e d o d a n ie w powyszych zd a n ia ch o ko liczn ika czasu w ym ag aob y uycia czasu
P a s t S im p l e .
I was in Paris last summer. -
Byam w Paryu zeszego lata.
Jim b o o k e d a table at his favourite restaurant y e ste rd a y . - Jim zarezerw ow a wczoraj stolik
w s w o je j u lu b io n e j re s ta u ra c ji.
D id y o u h a v e lunch with Tom last w e e k ? - Czy ja d a z Tom em lunch w zeszym tygodniu?

P r e s e n t P e r f e c t zasto sujem y d o o p is a n ia stanu o b e c n e g o , ktry jest rezultatem czynnoci przeszej,
za zw ycza j n ie o d d a lo n e j b a rd z o w czasie.
O h no! I h a v e lost m y keys! - O h nie! Z g u b ie m klucze.

C z y n n o (z g u b ie n ie kluczy) m ia a m iejsce w przeszoci, a le jest o n a cile zwizana z teraniejszoci, na
p rz y k a d : z g u b ie m klucze i teraz n ie m o g d o sta si d o m ieszkania.
U ycie cza su P a s t S i m p l e (I lost m y keys.) s u g e ro w a o b y czynno przesz, ktra me ma wpywu na
m o m e n t m w ie n ia : Z g u b ie m kied y klucze, ale po tem je znalazem lub nie, ole teraz nie ma to za nego
Zn Pe te r h a s h a d a c a r accident.
Peter m ia w ypa dek sam ochodow y, (jest teraz
L J
w s z p ita lu )
p r a w d o p o d o b n e
H e 's w a s h e d the car. - O n um y s a m o c h d , (ktry w y g l d a teraz adme)
I
......n n e n w a n V C h
un kontekcie P r e s e n t P e r f e c t czy si z c h a ra k te ry s ty c z n y m i o k o lic z n ik a m i czasu. Sq to : j u s t

c0 . ) / a l r e a d y (ju) / y e t ( ju - w p y ta n ia c h / jeszcze nie - w p rze cze n ia ch ).
I have just h a d a c u p o f c o ff e e . - W a n ie przed c h w il w y p ia m fili a n k kaw y.

Tom has just g o n e o u t.
Tom d o p ie ro c o w yszed.
Have you p a c k e d y o u r s u itc a s e a lr e a d y ? - C zy s p a k o w a e ju w a lizk ?

Billy has a lre a d y d o n e his h o m e w o r k . - B illy o d r o b i ju p ra c d o m o w .
Have you
b o u g h t a ll
your
C h ris tm a s
p re s e n ts
y e t?
Czy k u p ia
ju w szystkie
prezenty
witeczne?
Inne zastosow anie P r e s e n t P e r f e c t

zas present P e rfe ct jest p o w s z e c h n ie uyw any w c o d z ie n n y c h ro z m o w a c h , lis ta c h , w ia d o m o c ia c h
K asow ych,
t e le w iz y jn y c h
j n ie i b d z i e o p i s y w a n e
o ra z ra d io w y c h , w c e lu w p ro w a d z e n ia p e w n e g o te m a tu , w y d a rz e n ia , kt re
w
czasie P a s t S im p le . N a p rz y k a d :
- W here ha ve y o u b e e n ? - G d z ie bye?
- I've been to th e c in e m a . - Byem w kinie.
- W hat d id y o u see? - C o w id z ia e ?
- I saw the n e w J a m e s B o n d film . - W id z ia e m now y film o B ondzie.
a.
( w a s h ) .............................................................................................................
B o b 's c a r is c le a n no w .
b.
( l o s e ) ............................................................................................................................................................................... I
c a n 't fin d m y glasses.
c.
( c u t ) .............................................................................................................M y
d.
( s t e a l ) .............................................................................................................I
e-
(b re a k d o w n )
I-
( w in )
( s t o p ) .............................................................................................................It's
fin g e r is b le e d in g .
d o n 't have a b ike a n y m o re .
............................................................................................................... I c a n 't use the c o m p u te r.
............................................................................................................ M atysz has a g o ld m e d a l now .

n o t ra in in g now.
h- (eat a s a n d w ic h )............................................................................................................... I a m n o t hu n g ry.
^ .IK A
g r a m a t y k a jzyka
d a n ia o d p o w ie d n i fo rm c z a s o w n ik a o r a z just, already lub yet:
a n g ie ls k ie g o
W (hove / a lr e a d y ,...............................|u nch, w .V e n o l h u ngn f.

a n
c o p y
y o Ur M a th s
m sorry you
c.
B r ia n
is n
m is s e d
a n
e.
T o m (phone
f-
I d o n
fe e l
e x e r c is e s ?
B ill.
h o n e s t
H e
S o rry ,
( le a v e /
p e rs o n .
g o in g
o u t.
y e t ) .................................................
j u s t ) ......................................................
h o p e
j u s t ) ..............................................
lik e
I (n o t d o
he
W h a t? !
yo u
(n o t
s a id
he
B ut
in v e s t
w ill b e
I (b o o k
y e t)
la te
..............................................
fo r th e
a lr e a d y )
j n b is
b u s in e s s
m e e tin g .
................................................ u s a
ta b le a t
the
restaurant.
kno w
g .
h .
T h e
i.
I (hear
j.
I am
n o t g o in g
k.
(y o u
I.
th e
tra in
B o b ,
d e a d lin e
fro m
is t o d a y , b u t I ( n o t f i n i s h
L iv e r p o o l ( n o t a r r iv e
j u s t ) ............................................... t h e
te ll /
to
th e
y e t)
new s o n
w ith
yo u
y e t ) ............................................. t h e
.................................................
th e
b e ca u se
a l r e a d y ) ................................................t h e
it h a s a
r a d io . W h a t a
................................................. e v e r y o n e
a lr e a d y )
( w a lk /
c in e m a
d o g ?
(s e e /
W a n ie
b .
J u c z y ta e m
c.
N ie
w id z ia a m
d .
N ie
d o s ta a m
e .
Ju
r o z m a w ia a m
f.
Jeszcze
g .
W a n ie
z a d z w o n i T o m .
h.
W a n ie
p r z e s ta o
j.
Ju
b y a m
Ju
n a p is a a m
k .
Jeszcze
L e k c ja
m .
J u o d d a a m
n .
Ju
z ja d a m
n ie
n ie
o b ia d .
k s i k .
je s z c z e
je s z c z e
film u .
z a p r o s z e n ia
o d
Jane.
z s io s t r .
z r o b ia m
te g o
z a ku p w .
p a d a ,
P a ry u .
lis t d o
b a b c i.
s p r z e d a a m
w a n ie
s i
s ta re g o
s a m o c h o d u .
z a c z a .
c i p ie n i d z e .
r o z m a w ia a m
z Ja n e
w a k a c ja c h .
2 0 - m in u te
t e r r ib le
d e la y .
e a rth q u a k e !
a l r e a d y ) ...............................................t h i s f i l m .
a b o u t th e
N o , I (d o
s u r p r is e
/
it /
P rz e tu m a c z n a j z y k a n g ie ls k i, u y w a j c just, already, yet:

a.
p r o j e c t ............................................
p a rty fo r J a n e ?
y e t ) ........................................ .
5 4 porwnanie czasw Present

1
j Past Simple
S im p le
P a s t
Z
" Z
p r z e s z e , d o k o n a n e , k t r e
^ ''" 'z o d n e g o z w i z k u
n ^ e k s tu
w y ra a m y
ma w p y w u
Simple
na
czynnoci przesze, ktre m a j bezporedni
n ie
z te r a n ie js z o c i ,
z d a n ia w y n ik a , e d a n a
c zyn n o
m o m e n t t e r a n ie js z y .
u yw a m y z a w s z e , m w i c
Za p o m o c czasu P r e s e n t P e rfe ct wyraamy
P a st
o k r e lo n e j
w pyw n a teraniejszo lub takie, ktre zaczy

si w przeszoci i trw aj nadal.
I h a v e w o r k e d as a te a c h e r fo r 10 y e a rs
now .
- P racuj ja ko nauczycielka od 10 lat.
f j o i e d as a te a ch e r fo r 1 0 y e a rs .
Pracowaam jako nauczycielka przez 1 0 lat.
(janie procuj jako nauczycielka)
(zaczam pracow a 10 lot tem u i nadal to

robi)
J a n e h a s lo s t h e r w a lle t. S h e 's lo s t a ll h e r
jane lost her w a lle t last w e e k .
m o n e y a n d c re d it c a rd s .
- W zeszym tygodniu Jane z g u b ia portfel*
- J a n e z g u b ia
(niewierny, czy go znalaza czy nie, a le fakt
p ie n i d z e
len nie ma wpywu na teraniejszo)
a d n y c h
p o r t f e l. S tr a c ia
i k a rty
k re d y to w e ,
p ie n i d z y
i je s t w
w s z y s tk ie
( n ie
m a
te ra z
t r u d n e j s y tu a c ji)
Napoleon B onaparte d ie d in 1 8 2 1 .
- N a p o le o n B o n a p a r t e
u m a r w
18 2 1
ro k u .
Czasu Past Sim p le uywamy zawsze, gdy
G d y nie jest znany d o ka d n y czas w ykon ania
znany jest dokadny czas w yko n a n ia czynnoci
czynnoci przeszej, uywamy czasu P r e s e n t
wprzeszoci W zdaniach p o ja w ia j si w tedy
Perfect. W zdaniach stosowane s wtedy takie
to<ie okrelniki jak: tw o y e a r s a g o (2 lata
o kre ln iki jak: re c e n tly / la te ly (ostatnio), s o
temu), last m onth (w zeszym m iesi cu),

when 1 was a child (kiedy b ye m dzieckiem ),
f a r (dotychczas, jak na razie), just (wanie),

a l r e a d y (ju), th is m o r n i n g (dzi ra n o -
in l 980 (w 1980) itp.
po d w a ru n kie m , e nadal jesl rano) itp.
1was n Rome last y e a r.
I'v e bee n to Rom e recently.
W zeszym roku byam w Rzymie.

Tom left an ho ur a g o .
- Byam ostatnio w Rzymie.
^0fl wyszed godzin tem u.
Tom h a s just left.

- Tom w anie wyszed.
aosie Past S im p le m oliw e jest za d a n ie
W P re s e n t Perfect nie jest moliwe zadanie
ni 0 f ' kiedy co si w yda rzyo W h e n
pytania W h e n ... ? (kiedy?), moliwe jest za to
,d / W hen w a s (w e re ) ... ? lu b W h a t
,lr" e ...?
did the accident h a p p e n ?
_ * edy wydarzy si wypadek?
J18" d,d you meet B o b ?
J * dy Podae Boba?
6n were y ou in R om e?
zadanie pytania H o w lo n g ... ? (Jak dugo ... ?)
H o w lo n g have yo u know n B o b ?
- Jak d u g o znasz Boba?
H o w lo n g have yo u lived in R om e ?
- Jak d u g o mieszkasz w Rzymie?
H o w lo n g have yo u been m a rrie d ?

- Jak d u g o jestecie maestwem?
bye w Rzymie?
'O k u
the p a rty start?
^ [p o c z a si im preza?
" ^ o b c e .p l
d la p o c z tk u j c y c h
t za a w anso w anych
- ^ C iK |EGO
w ic z e n ia
.. .d o n '0
y < ;>
1
* Z Qn' i P P ra w r*e? Z n a jd i p o p r a w w nich b d y :
o- O h n o ! | b u m f d jn n e r agQ jn!
,0. . y M
C.
'
* " *
ch i|d h o o d . He is my best fnend.
otld^re!urn
c-
o n i ived m Pozna f0 r 2 years, he likes it o lo t there.
500
N a p o le o n has lost the b o ttle o W a te rlo o in 18 1 5 .
n fo . T
#B^ rS/'be)
e. H o w m any p e o p le d id you invite so far?
e-
f.
A le x a n d e r G ra h a m Bell invented the telephone in 187.
O ld you see any g o o d m ovies recently?
9'
h.
h. H a ve yo u a!ready had breakfast?
They{Bish> -
J * w w 1ir
T o m has g ra d u a te d in 2 0 0 2 .
H a ve you seen my glasses anyw here-
Boon's dod ('
< I (no*eatl
Joke (not bel
U z d a n ia z ro z s y p a n y c h w y r a z w , u y w a j c c z a s o w n ik w w o d p o w ie d n ie j formie
w c z a s ie Past Simple lu b Present Perfect:
a
m ove
to A u stra lia
Q Uzupenij
di<
Present Perfec
tw o years a g o Jason
\ - Tom and I
a nurse
w ork
since 2 0 0 1
as
-Where (th
-They (go)
C. recently
B ob
d. in Pons
m eet
a new c a r
buy
over 0 years ag o
- 1(never.
my grandparents
B
Bem-
o skiing trip i break
last m onth
on
- H o w lo n <
- W e (k n o v
her lea
- W h e r e (y
my w a lle t ! lose / fo r a second tme / I / all documents
this m onth
- W e m e e
and
C
..........
invent / w hen / ? / the telephone / be

~ H
one
'U iu s t /
be fore / I / be / never / a ro ck concert / to
H id
H id *
Z a p y ta j o p o d k re lo n cz z d a n ia :
0
I hove know n Jim fa r 10 V M S
W e have been best friends sinps_L2SQ
U H
" Oh no
c . w e m et in J 3 S Q a t a fo o tb a ll gam e.
d |n ? 0 0 3 . we went o n a ro und -the -w orld trip together.
[fol
'P.OOr P
e. Jim an d C a ro lin e have been m arried f a r _ ia jf ia s

f
g
In ? 0 0 5 Jim 's da ugh ter was bom .

. s m o o t h Jim m oved to a new house next to mine.
h. So w e've been neighbours ssflCiLAiffi!
_____ . i ..-eh i iaoon$o-anyct>
(h
'So) .
.........
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n iq fo r m q c z a s o w n ik w w c z a s ie Past Sim ple lu b
Perfect:
Present
police (a rre s t) ..........................................t h
T he
(y o u
g ! O h
n o !
S o m e b o d y
Sandra
d .
o n
th e
(re tu rn )
I (n e v e r /
f.
I c o m p le te ly
j.
B r ia n 's
o f th is
fro m
s h e
(fo rg e t)
w o rk ,
I (n o t e a t)
I.
Jake
(w o rk )
b e ) to
........................................ i n
.........................................a n y t h i n g
( n o t b e ) ........................................w e l l
U z u p e n ij
d ia lo g i
b ik e !
I ( l e a v e ) .........................................
(h a v e )
I 'm
........................................
n e w
th a t
n e w
b a n k
to d a y .
la t e ly
so
c o m in g
to
p o o l
sh e
tw o
it h e r e
fro m
th e
Tom
W h e re
They
I (n e v e r /
B. -
H o w
a n d
B e tty
( ju s t /
(th e y /
g o )
w a s
fu r io u s
w e e k s
W e
W h e re
W e
(y o u
k n o w )
y e a rs ,
b u t h e 's
r e tir in g
(y o u
(m e e t)
m e e t)
e a c h
f in a lly
fo r m q
(g o )
.......................................... t o
c z a s o w n ik w
th e
d o c to r
c z a s ie
I ( ju s t /
N o , I d o n 't lik e
P a u l (h a v e )
n o !
S c h o o l.
g o o d
b o o k s
r e a d in g
/
lik e )
t h a t k in d
r e c e n tly ?
(y o u
o f
w e
.............................................t o
la te s t n o v e l
b y
T e rry
P ra tc h e tt.
e v e r /
re a d )
a n y
o f h is
b o o k s ?
lite r a tu r e .
a c c id e n t!
............................................ ?
.......................................... d o w n
M a y b e
th e
it?
..............................................
W h a t (h a p p e n )
P o o r P aul _
I
a n y
fin is h )
Y e S / 1 d d ...............................................
O h
y e a rs .
yo u ?
......................................... ( y o u
1 0
.............................................. ?
......................................... ( y o u , r e a d )
N o , a n d
c o n c e rt.
o th e r fo r o v e r
........................................... a t H i g h
th e
s h o u ld
see
h im
s ta ir s
a n d
v is it h im
n e x t y e a r.
s ta r v in g .
............................................... S a r a h ?
( k n o w ) ...........................................
m e .
p o o l?
o f th e m .
w ith
fa r?
fo r o v e r 3 0
h e
E d ito r s
h e a r)
lo n g
th e
a g o !
a g o .
............................................ o u t .
( g o ) ........................................... t o
m in u te s
th a t.
.............................................. ?
g o )
1 0
a ttic .
resent Perfect:
,
y e s te rd a y .
s h o w e r a n d (lie ) ......................
c h a n g e
a n d
s w im m in g
P a r is
I 'm
so
b ir th d a y
s w im m in g
b e ) to
o d p o w ie d n iq
n o t p la n n in g
K e lly 's
te r r o r is t a tta c k
b e fo re ?
n o is e
a n d
t i m e s ........................................ ( y o u ,
d a d
k.
a lr e a d y
fo r th e
a u th o r
(h e a r)
........................................ b u i l d i n g t h e
m a n y
m y
.......................................... a b o u t
r e s p o n s ib le
S w e d is h
.......................................
( s te a l)
s u d d e n ly
h ............................................ ( y o u
H o w
h e a r)
p e o p le
b e ) ......................................... m a r r i e d
( f in is h )
i.
e v e r /
.......................................
s o fa . T h e n
g. They
in
y e s te rd a y .
(b re a k )
h o s p ita l?
h is
le g .
P ast
y e s te rd a y .
S im p le
lu b
W IELKA G RAM A TYKA
JZYKA A N G IE L S K IE G O
10-6. Czas Present Perfect Continuous

i
* |is

T w ie r d z e n ia
^
C za s
P r e s e n t P e r fe c t C o n t in u o u s ,
5^
ja k
ka d y
czas
C o n t in u o u s ,
s k a d a
s i
c z a s o w n ik a b y " oraz czasow nika z kocw k - i n g , czyli z form y h a v e
d fb c c
o d p o w i e d n i e j fo rm y
been
:eG
lub h a s been
(die trzeciej os. I. p o j.) oraz czasow nika z ko cw k - i n g . Przy tw orzeniu im iesow u obow izuj te same
re g u y c o w pozostaych czasach C o n t in u o u s (patrz Rozdzia 1 0 .2 .).
I h a v e b e e n re a d in g a b o o k . - C zytaam ksik.
'
i0i
^
Y o u h a v e b e e n w o r k in g r e a lly h a rd . - Bardzo ciko pracow aa.

T o m h a s b e e n h a v in g a b a th . - Tom b ra kpiel.
j. My
M y frie n d s h a v e b e e n w a itin g f o r m e since 5 o 'c lo c k . - M o i znajom i czekali na mnie od pitei
arnie
P rz e c z e n ia i p y ta n ia
Przeczenia tw orzym y, d o d a j c d o h a v e / h a s sw ko przeczce n o t. Popularne s form y skrcone:
h a s n ' t o ra z h a v e n 't .
T o m h a s n 't b e e n fe e lin g w e ll a ll e v e n in g . - Tom nie czu si dobrze cay wieczr.
It h a s n 't b e e n r a in in g m u c h la te ly . - Nie p a d a o o sta tn io zbyt duo.
T h e y h a v e n 't b e e n s tu d y in g a t a ll f o r th e e x a m , - O n i w cale nie uczyli si przed egzaminem.
I h a v e n 't b e e n s le e p in g . I'v e b e e n re a d in g a b o o k . - N ie spaem . Czytaem ksik

~
m
a.
Kn
b Wc
c. Dc
d. Be
e. Th
g.w
Pyrania zam knite (tak / nie) tworzym y przez inwersj, staw ia j c na pocztku h a v e / h a s , nastpnie
p o d m io t, p o te m b e e n oraz czasow nik z kocw k - i n g , o na kocu d o p e n ie n ia .
H a v e y o u b e e n ru n n in g ? - Biegae?
Q Ut;
Y e s , I h a v e , lu b N o , I h a v e n 't.
0. y
H a s it b e e n s n o w in g h e a v ily ? - Bardzo p a d nieg?

Y e s , it h a s . lu b N o , it h a s n 't.
4!
P ytania o tw a rte tw orzym y, d o d a j c no pocztku pytania ta k / nie o d p o w ie d n i zaim ek lub przyswek:
w h a t (co), w h e r e (gdzie), w h y (dlaczego), w h o (kto), h o w m a n y / m u c h (ile) itd.
i.
W h a t ha s h e b e e n d o in g a ll d a y ? - C o on ro b i cay dzie?
H o w lo n g h a v e y o u b e e n w a itin g fo r m e? - Jak d u g o na m nie czekasz?
W h y h a s M a r y b e e n s tu d y in g a ll n ig h t? - D laczego M a ry uczya si c a noc?
Uzupenij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n iq fo rm q p o d a n y c h c z a s o w n ik w :
0
it (ra in )......................
fo r
b. John (work)
h o u rs .
a ll n ig h t.
I (Stu d y )............................. o t th is university since 2 0 0 9 .

d. The children (play) ........................... in the p la y g ro u n d since breakfa st.
e j im (s it)........................... in fro n t o f th e TV a ll d a y lo n g .
f
| (le a rn )........................... E n g lish since I w as 6 years o ld .
g.
Mary and her frie n d s (shop)
| (lo o k )............................fo r m y glasses a ll da y a n d I still c a n 't fin d them a n yw h e re .
. Kate ( c o o k )
j
........................................ a ll
a fte rn o o n .
a ll w e e k e n d - w e 're h a v in g guests to n ig h t.
My d a u g h te r (talk) ............................o n the p h o n e fo r hours.
Zamie z d a n ia n a p rz e c z e n ia :
a. It has been sn o w in g a ll n ig h t.
....................................................
b. We have been p a rty in g a ll w e e k e n d .
....................................................
c. Dad has been m o w in g th e la w n a ll a fte rn o o n .
....................................................
d. Betty has been w ritin g a d ia ry a ll he r life.
...................................................
e. The cou ncil has been d e b a tin g since 12 o 'c lo c k .
...................................................
f.
....................................................
Tom has been re a d in g f o r th re e h o u rs.
g. We have been d e c o ra tin g the tre e a ll e v e n in g .
...................................................
h. We have been w a itin g f o r T o m fo r o v e r h a lf an h o u r .........................................................
pytania z r o z s y p a n y c h sw , uyj c z a s o w n ik w w o d p o w ie d n ie j formie:
a. you / w a it / why / so lo n g
....................................................................................
b. you / Spanish / le a rn / lo n g
....................................................................................
c. how long / sleep / yo u
....................................................................................
d. M ary an d Paul / a ll n ig h t / d a n c e
....................................................................................
sing / w ho / in the sho w
....................................................................................
f- it / get / lately / w a rm e r
....................................................................................
9- tennis / play / h o w lo n g / you
....................................................................................
h. what / Tom / a ll a fte rn o o n / d o ..................................................................................................
w ielk a
j z y k a
gram atyka
oc
Ynn
^ niC1
i f? eI!oc''
10.6.2. Zastosowa le
s e n t P e r fe c t C o n t in u o u s
u y w a s i w
n a s t p u j c y c h
o n a
tr w a j
lu b
za ko czon a
w id o c z n e w
d o p ie r o c o
s i z a k o c z y y . W a n a
c z y n ie . D u g o t r w a e
c z y n n o , j e j t r w a n i e , a n i e t o , c z y jest
je s t s a m a
I h a v e be en jo g g in g fo r tw o hours, I'm exhausted n o w .

( n ie d a w n o
* 9
9 ''
" >
w y k o n y w a n i e d a n e j c z y n n o c i p r z y n o s i c z s t o r e z u l t a t y , k t r e so
te r a n ie js z o c i.
te ra z w y k o c z o n a ,
. ' 'O
k o n te k s ta c h :
o o p i s a n i a c z y n n o c i l u b s t a n w , k t r e t r w a y p r z e z j a k i p r z e d z i a c z a s u , k t r e z a c z y s i w p r z e s z o c i
' na
U1
s k o c z y a m
B ie g a a m
b ie g a , w i c t e r a z je s te m
Jim has been re a d in g fo r five hours now .
J im
c z y ta
ju
od
p r z e z d w i e g o d z i n y , je s te m
'0.6-3
i Prt
w ykoczona)
p i c iu
g o d z in ,
(c z y n n o
n ie je s t
zakoczona)
W h o has been using m y phone?

e w id e n tn e
K to u y w a m o je g o t e le f o n u ?
( k t o u y w a t e g o t e le f o n u i s q te g o
OnsPresen
P e rfe c
zako czon ('
o z n a k i)
Y o u r eyes a re re d . H ave yo u been crying?
M a s z c z e rw o n e o czy?
> 4
P a k a a ?
ktra pa'
nijjjiniejsoci - waz
d la
p o d k r e le n ia , e
te g o
d a n a
s q p e w n e w y r a e n ia
czynno
b y a
w ykonyw ana
p rz e z
p e w ie n
p r z e d z ia c z a s u .
S to s o w a n e d o
s skoczona:
uqq has r e p a ir e d
i p r z y im k i:
-Tcmnaprawi sarrtc
since / for
( o d , p rz e z ) -
a n a lo g ic z n ie
d o czasu
Present Perfect:
.35 P re s e n t P e r e
I ha ve been w o rk in g here since N ove m be r. - Pracuj tu od listopada-
n o fe k t re j r e z u l t
Tom has been m o w in g the law n fo r three hours now !
Tom
ju o d t r z e c h g o d z i n k o s i tr a w n ik !
dr a na te r a n ie js z
a ll + d ay
night / m orning
r o k it d .
Tuesday / w eek
year
torn has b a k e d a
it d . -
( c a t y d z ie / n o c / p o r a n e k / w to re k
u p ie k a c i o ;
t y d z ie /
I ha ve been clea ning the house a ll m orning.

Jessica has been studying a ll w eekend.
I have been thin king a b o u t you all night.
r w n ie
n ie k t r e
a a s o w n ik i
w s k a z u j
na
wsio)
-
C a y r a n e k s p r z ta a m
J e s s ic a u c z y a
-
M y la a m
c z y n n o c i,
dom .
tobes painted tf
s i c o y w e e k e n d .
t o b ie c a
' "-tf pomalowa n
noc.
holowane mie
k t re
z a z w y c z a j tr w a j
p rz e z
d u s z y
czas
i sq
Present Perfect Continuous. S q t o m . i n . learn ( u c z y s i ) , lie ( l e e ) , live

( m i e s z k a ) , rain ( p a d a - o d e s z c z u ) , snow ( p a d a - o n i e g u ) , sit ( s i e d z i e ) , sleep ( s p a ) , stand
( s t a ) , study ( u c z y s i , s t u d i o w a ) , work ( p r a c o w a ) . W
c z a s i e Present Perfect C o n t in u o u s
p o i a w i a i q s i t e c z s t o t a k i e c z a s o w n i k i j a k think ( m y l e , z a s t a n a w i a s i ) , wonder ( z a s t a n a w i a
c z s to
s i ,
s to s o w a n e w
hope
ro z w a a ),
( m ie n a d z ie j ) .
I'v e been thinking a b o u t y o u r idea, and I'm not convinced it's a go od one. s i
nad
tw o im
p o m y s e m , a le
s p e c y fic z n y m
z n a c z e n iu
n ie je s t e m
w y s t p u je
Z a s ta n a w ia e m
Present Perfect Continuous
have been w anting to see that film fo r weeks now!
film!
Ikujqcych i loowansowonych
|olku|.K
tio
i * * - . *
" U lh
p rz e k o n a n y , e to d o b ry w y b r.
c z a s o w n ik
want
enij
( c h c ie ) .
S u y o n d l a p o d k r e l e n i a , j o k b a r d z o c h c i e l i m y c o z r o b i :
|
* e Se r
Ju o d
k ilk u t y g o d n i c h c ia a m
z o b a c z y en
10. C Z A S Y
0nia a y n n o c i, kt re b yy lu b n a d a l sq z w y c z a je m lu b n a w y k ie m i w ie lo k r o tn ie p o w ta rz a y
do oP1
szoci:
* w p ta s z .:
be
I h0Ye b e e n s ta y in g u p la t e f o r t h e p a s t w e e k - r
p a r in g
e v e r y n ig h ,
codziennie wieczorem.
sss -
e m <>nth. - p rze z c
D,_
* * p * no
SPQ-
10.6.3. Porwnanie czasw Present Perfect
' Present Perfect Continuous

Czas P re s e n t P e r f e c t o p is u je czyn n o
C zas P r e s e n t P e r f e c t C o n t i n u o u s
przesz, z a k o c z o n (w b a rd z o b lis k ie j
p o d k re la s a m czyn n o , jej trw a n ie - nie
przeszoci), ktra p rzyn io sa e fe k ty
in te re s u je nas, czy czyn n o z a k o c z y a si czy
w teraniejszoci - w a n y jest fa k t, e c z y n n o
nie :
jest zakoczona:
D a d h a s b e e n re p a ir in g the c a r all
Dad Has r e p a ir e d th e c a r .
a fte rn o o n .
-Toto na pra w i s a m o c h d .
- T a t a n a p ra w ia s a m o c h d c a e p o p o u d n ie .
Czas P r e s e n t P e r f e c t o p is u je z a k o c z o n
P r e s e n t P e r f e c t C o n t i n u o u s r w n ie
czynno, ktrej re z u lta t w id z im y lu b k t re j e fe k t
w s k a z u je na re z u lta t c z y n n o c i, a le w y n ik a o n
wpywa na teraniejszo:
z d u g o c i jej trw a n ia .
Mum has b a k e d a c a k e .
M u m is tired b e c a u s e sh e h a s b e e n b a k in g
- M am a u p ie k a c ia s to , (e fe k te m jest g o to w e
a cake .
ciasto)
Tom has p a in te d th e fla t.
-T o m p o m a lo w a m ie s z k a n ie , (e fe k te m jest
p o m a lo w a n e m ieszka nie)
- M a m a jest z m c z o n a , p o n ie w a p ie k a
c ia s to , (ale n ie w ie m y , czy s k o c z y a )
T om is dirty b e c a u se h a s b e e n p a in t in g the
flat.
- T o m jest b ru d n y , p o n ie w a m a lo w a
m ie s z k a n ie , (ale nie w ie m y , czy skoczy)
Za p o m o c P r e s e n t P e r f e c t o p is z e m y ,
ile
razy m ia a m ie jsce z a k o c z o n a , przesza
Za p o m o c P r e s e n t P e r f e c t C o n t in u o u s
p o d k re lim y , ja k d u g o trw a a d a n a czy n n o :
I h a v e visited A th e n s 3 times.
I h a v e b e e n livin g in A t h e n s fo r o v e r 2
m onths.
- Byem w A te n a c h 3 razy.
- M ie s z k a a m w A te n a c h p o n a d 2 m ie s i c e .
Tom h a s p la y e d tennis tw ice this y e a r.
T om h a s b e e n p la y in g te n n is all a fte rn o o n .
czynno:
T o m g ra w te n isa d w a ra zy w tym ro k u .
- T o m g ra l ten isa c a e p o p o u d n ie .
m im B I E L S K I
EGO
W IC ZEN IA
U z u p e n ij zd an ia odp o w ie d niq formq czasownikw w czasie Present Perfect!ub Pres
Perfect Continuous:
a
1 (r e a d ) .................................... fo r ^
h o u rs a n d I ( r e a d )
....................... tw o chapters.
b . Y o u re a ll d ir ty ! - I ( r e p a ir ) .................................... the car.

c.
H o w m a n y tim e s (vis it) .....................................g ra n d m a this year?
d . I ( w o n d e r ) ..................................... m a y b e w e c o u ld g o aw ay fo r the weekend?

e . T o m (fin is h )
his h o m e w o rk a n d he's g o in g ou t with friends now.
I h a v e a n e x a m to m o r r o w , th a t's w hy I (s tu d y )................................all w eekend.
| ( t r y ) ...................................... to save s o m e m o n e y fo r the past six m onths. And I (sa ve )........................

a b o u t 1 0 0 0 z lo ty s .
T o m (w o rk ) ......................................o\\ n ig h t, th a t's why he has overslept this m orning.
.'
| (lo s e )
j.
It ( s n o w ) ...................
k.
H o w lo n g (y o u , l e a r n ) ....................................E nglish?
W h a t 's th a t s m e ll? (y o u , s m o k e ) ................................
m y glasses, I ( lo o k ) .................................. fo r the m fo r over tw o hours

a ll n ig h t.
?
C zy ponisze zdania sq poprawne? Znajd i popraw w nich bdy:

a . I h a v e t h o u g h t a b o u t it a ll d a y . M a y b e it's a g o o d id e a .
b
I 'm a ll s w e a ty b e c a u s e I h a v e b e e n jo g g in g .
c.
M y m u m h a s r e a d a b o o k f o r o v e r tw o h o u rs .
d . H o w m a n y b o o k s h a s J.K . R o w lin g b e e n w ritin g ?

e . T o m is la te a g a in ! W e 'v e b e e n w a itin g fo r a lm o s t h a lf o n h o u r.
^n h < ; n o w a n d w e 're ru n n in g o u t o f m oney.
tr a v e lle d f o r th re e m o n th s n o w
si---We
re e years.
(
W
e h a v e U n knowing Jim fo r o v e r th
9worked hard since e a rly m

n o rn in g .
W e have b e e n k
-
T a ke o b re a k - yo u
ve
10. CZASY
I
I l f Uzupenij teksty podanym i czasow nikam i w o d p o w ie d n ie j form ie Present Perfect , Present
Perfect Continuous lu b
Past Simple:
A.
Bob ( p lo y ) ....................................te n n is s in c e h e w a s 5 y e a rs o ld . R e c e n tly h e ( w i n ) .......................................tw o
im portant to u rn a m e n ts . H e (a lw a y s / w a n t ) ....................................to b e a te n n is p la y e r a n d h e (p r a c tis e )
.................... e v e ry d a y . H e ( n e v e r / m is s )
/ return) .................................. fr o m
t r a in in g s e s s io n . L o o k ! H e (
h is tr a in in g . H e 's e x h a u s te d b e c a u s e h e (p la y ) .....................................
with his c o a c h fo r th re e h o u rs .
B.
A m a n d a is m y m u m 's b e s t fr ie n d . S h e ..................................... (w o r k ) a s a m o d e l f o r a lm o s t 1 0 y e a rs . N o w
she is a m o d e llin g a g e n t a n d tra v e ls a lo t. S h e o fte n m o v e s fr o m o n e p la c e t o a n o t h e r . S h e (liv e )

.....................
in a c o u p le o f d iffe r e n t p la c e s in h e r life . S h e (liv e )
in N e w Y o r k
for som e tim e n o w . A m a n d a (ju s t / re tu rn ) .................................... h o m e a f t e r a lm o s t 1 0 h o u r s o f w o r k .

jhe n e e d s to re la x . S he ( d o ) ..................................... o v e r tim e a lm o s t e v e ry d a y .
W IU K A
' iM A T i
'w
0.7. Czas zaprzeszy Past Perfect

^
Q S ^ ^ e r ^ e c * s W a d a s i z c z a s o w n ik a
c w
F o rm a
ed
d la
c z a s o w n ik o
c z a s o w n ik w
p o s ik o w e g o
r e g u la r n y c h
je s t t a k a
had
p o s ik o w e g o
s a m a
o ra z
d la
tz w .
o r a z im ie s o w u
tr z e c ie j f o r m y
w s z y s tk ic h
W e h a d m o v e d to L o n d o n b e fo r e Jim s ta rte d s c h o o l.
Jim z a c z szko.
T h e c o n c e r t h a d b e g u n b e fo r e w e a r r iv e d .
I h a d m e t J im b e fo r e h e jo in e d o u r te a m .
Przeczenia tw orzym y,
d o d a j c
h a d n ' t . Pytania
z a m k n i te
p o d m io t, p o te m
im ie s w , a
p rzys w ek: w h a t
(c o ),
d o
(ta k /
n o
w h e re
c z a s o w n ik a
had
w y b u c h e m
c z a s o w n ik w
P r z e p r o w a d z ili m y s i
K o n c e r t z a c z s i , z a n im
P o z n a e m
s w k o
J im a , z a n im
not,
p rz e c z c e
d o p e n ie n ia . W
( g d z ie ) ,
w hy
p y ta n ia c h
( d la c z e g o ) ,
who
(k to ),
d o c z y d o
p o w s z e c h n ie
n a s z e j d ru y n y .
s to s o w a n a
je s t f o r m o
had,
n a s t p n ie
how m any
-
N ie
m uch
z a u w a y a m
( ile ) it d .
n ic
p o d e jr z a n e g o
p o a ru .
S t e v e 'o
p rz e d
z e s z to ty g o d n io w y m
C z y J im
p r a c o w a ja k o
m a ry n a rz ,
C z y t w o i r o d z ic e p o z n a ,
p r z y j c ie m ?
W h e r e h a d J im w o r k e d b e fo r e he jo in e d o u r c o m p a n y ?
G d z ie
H o iT lo n g h o d y o u k n o w n B o b b e fo r e he p r o p o s e d to y o u ?
si o w ia d czy?
L o n d y n u , z a n im
p r z y je c h a li m y .
z a n im d o c z y d o naszej firm y?
H a d y o u r p a re n ts m e t y o u r b o y fr ie n d S te ve b e fo r e la s t w e e k 's p a rty ? c h o p a k a
d o
o t w a r t y c h , d o d a j e m y o d p o w i e d n i z a i m e k lu b
H a d J im w o r k e d a s a s a ilo r b e fo r e h e jo in e d o u r c o m p a n y ?
tw o je g o
n ie r e g u la r n y c h
n ie ) t w o r z y m y p r z e z in w e r s j , s t a w ia j c n a p o c z t k u c z a s o w n ik
k o c u
c z y li fo r m y
o s b .
I h a d n 't n o tic e d a n y th in g u n u s u a l b e fo r e th e fir e s ta rte d .

p rze d
d la
p a s t p a rtic ip le ,
Jo k
p r a c o w a J im , z a n im
d u g o
z n a o
d o c z y
B o b o , z o n im
ci
,0 7 2. Zastosowanie
Past P e rfe c t, tzw . c z a s z a p rz e s z y , o p is u je c z y n n o p r z e s z , k t r a m i a a m ie js c e p r z e d i n n
-T n o c i przesz. C z y n n o p n ie js z o p is u je m y z a z w y c z a j z a p o m o c c z a s u P a s t S i m p l e .
When Bob a r r iv e d h o m e ,
Judy
had
already gone.
K ie d y J im
p r z y je c h a d o
d o m u , J u d y ju z
( w c z e n ie j) w y s z a .
W powyszym z d a n iu c z a s o w n ik w c z o s ie P a s t P e r f e c t o p is u je c z y n n o , k t r a w y d a r z y a s i w p r z e s z o c i
wczeniej, a P a s t S i m p l e
p n ie j, w m o m e n c ie w y j c io w y m d la o p is u s y t u a c ji: n a j p i e r w J u d y w y s z a ,
a potem Bob p rz y je c h a d o d o m u .
W hen w e
arrived at the concert, someone had already taken our seats.
K ie d y p r z y je c h a li m y
na koncert, kto ju (w c z e n ie j) z a j n a s z e m ie js c a .
I
was sad because Jim hadn't phoned me the other day.
B y a m
s m u t n a , p o n ie w a J im
n ie
zadzwoni do m n ie t a m t e g o d n ia .
B e fo re
they began eating, the father had said a prayer.
Z a n im
z a c z li je , o j c i e c o d m w i
m odlitw .
w Past P e r f e c t u y w a n e s s p jn ik i b e f o r e ( z a n im ) , w h e n ( k ie d y , g d y ) o r a z a f t e r ( p o ty m ja k ) :
Before
Jim met Suzy, he had never been in love.
Z a n im
J im
p o z n a S uzy,
n ig d y
n ie
by
zako ch a n y.
W hen
we entered the house, we noticed that someone had stolen our va lu a b le paintings.
- Kiedy weszlimy d o d o m u , z a u w a y li m y , e k o u k r a d nasze c e n n e o b ra z y .

A fte r
Jim had done his homework, he went out with his friends.
d o m o w , w y s z e d z k o le g a m i.
P o t y m j a k J im o d r o b i p r a c e
*
10.7.3. Porwnanie czasw Past Perfect,

Present Perfect i Past Simple
P a s t S im p le o p isu je czynnoci przesze
P a s t P e r fe c t
w y s t p u j c e
m ia a
je d n a
p o
d r u g ie j lu b
m i e j s c e w c z e n ie j n i i n n a c z y n n o p r z e s z a
B e fo re I w e n t to w o r k , I h a d w a lk e d the
r w n o c z e n ie :
I g o t u p a t se ve n , w a lk e d th e d o g a n d
dog.
w e n t to w o rk .
W s ta e m
7 , w y p r o w a d z ie m
i p o s z e d e m
d o
psa
n a
Z a n im
psa
s p a c e r
h e r.
b y a
d o m u ,
n a
p o s z e d e m
d o
p r a c y , w y p r o w a d z ie m
s p a c e r.
J a n e h a d g o n e to th e s h o p w h e n I p h o n e d
p ra c y .
J a n e w a s h o m e w h e n I p h o n e d h e r.
Ja n e
o p is u je c z y n n o p r z e s z , k t r a
k ie d y
d o
n ie j
J a n e
w y s z a
d o
s k le p u ,
k ie d y
d o
n ie j
z a d z w o n ie m .
z a d z w o n ie m .
P a s t S im p le
th e n
now
Past Perfect
P r e s e n t P e rfe ct
z a c z a
s i w
z a k o c z y a
i w id o c z n e
c z y n n o , k t ra
p r z e s z o c i i n a d a l t r w a
s i , a le
w
o p is u je
je j e f e k t y
lu b
s o d c z u w a ln e
t e r a n ie js z o c i:
fo r o u r trip .
T a ta
n a p r a w i s a m o c h d , w i c
g o to w i n a
je s te m y
w y c ie c z k .
o d
1 0
la t in te r e s u je
n ic w s p ln e g o
z te r a n ie js z o c i
p rz e d
s i
b io lo g i .
in n
p r z e s z
i*
dlo pociqtkujqcych i zaawontov/onych
c z y n n o c i
k t ra
n ie
m a
i w y d a r z y a
lu b
s i
m o m e n te m
D a d h a d r e p a ir e d th e c a r b e fo re w e set
o u t o n o u r trip .
-
T a ta
n a p r a w i s a m o c h d , z a n im
w y r u s z y li m y
w y c ie c z k .
Tom h a d ta u g h t C h e m is try b e fo re he cam e

to o u r s c h o o l to te a c h B io lo g y .
T om
u c z y c h e m ii, z a n im
s z k o y u c z y
P re s e n t P e rfe c t
czyn n o ,
p r z e s z o c i.
na
Tom has b e e n in te re s te d in B io lo g y fo r 10
y e a rs n o w .
T o m
o p is u je
D a d has re p a ire d th e c a r, so w e 'r e re a d y
P a s t P e rfe ct
b io lo g ii.
p rz y s z e d d o
naszej
10. C Z A S Y
Uzupenij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n iq fo r m q c z a s o w n ik w w Past P erfe ct:

Before
th e g u e s ts
a r r iv e d ,
w e
(p re p a re )
...........................d in n e r a n d snacks.
b Before mum ba ked the ca ke , she (d o ) .......................... the s h o p p in g .

When wo arrived a t the c o n c e rt h a ll, the s h o w (b e g in / a lr e a d y ) .............................
d After we (pack) ...........................a ll the b a g s , w e c a lle d fo r a taxi to the a irp o rt.
B e fo re I in v it e d
J im
I w a s v e ry e x c it e d
Tom
A fte r J o h n 's
w a s v e ry
o u t w ith
to
m y
p a rty ,
b e c a u s e
n e rv o u s
I ( c a ll)
............................ J a n e to m a k e sure she w a n te d to see
h im
/ never) ............................ to a live c o n c e rt b e fo re .
(b e
b e c a u s e
h e
(n o t b e ) .............................to a jo b in te rv ie w b e fo re .
parents (d isco ve r) ............................ c ig a re tte s in his p o c k e ts , he w a s n 't a llo w e d to g o
h is f r i e n d s .
I d id n 't g o
W hen
to
th e
c in e m a
I re tu rn e d
fro m
w ith
y o u
h o lid a y s ,
because
(s e e ) ...........................the film
b e fo re .
n o tic e d th a t s o m e b o d y (destroy) ........................... a ll the p la n ts
in m y g a r d e n .
k.
I c o u ld n 't u s e
I.
I c o u ld n 't h e lp
the
p r in te r b e c a u s e
yo u
b e cause
Na p o d sta w ie p o d a n y c h
it
(b re a k d o w n ) .......................... a few days e a rlie r.
(lose) ............................ m y glasses.
informacji napisz zdania w czasie Pas P erfect. Uyj spjnikw
podanych w n a w ia s a c h :
a We arrived at the c in e m a . The film a lre a d y b e g u n , (w hen)
b.
Tom
re tu rn e d
hom e. A ll the guests a rriv e d , (when)
W e se n t o u t th e
I to o k
w e d d in g in v ita tio n s . W e m a d e
some m e d ic a tio n Later,
list o f guests, (after)
w e n t to the d o c to r, (b efore)
1cleaned the w h o le fla t. L a ter g ra n d m a a rriv e d , (b efore)
* wen* to the disco. I asked my p a re n ts ' p e rm issio n , (b efore)
was late. His c a r b ro k e d o w n , (because)
,nY job. I asked John fo r a d v ic e , (before)
W K A a n o .i I S K I I G O
I Po <?c* w Pory C i k i zda:

j
i i i ,
" o l r i p , o A s l '>
a. the lads had a lre a d y g o n e to sleep
' d , d " ' f l o r lu n c h b e t o

3 . T o m h a d l.f> h ,5 k . s w h m e
, * "
b. wo had ha d a ll the necessary vacc inations

<
d o t l ' 'O '" , ! fro m w o rk
d. w had a p p lie d for a loa n,
1WS nervous because

< A fte r m y c re d it c a rd h o d b e en stolen.
B e fo re th e p ia n o to o k o ff..
8
I c a lle d the b a n k to have it blocked
B e fo re w e d e c id e d to buy a house.
I ha d oaten a la rg o breakfast
the m echanics ha d c h e c k e d a ll the engines,
be fore lie w ont o n h o lid a y
I h a d n 't flow n by p la n e before.
Uzuponij zdania odpowiedni form czasownikw w
P ost
Poifect, Present
P e rfe c t
lub Past
S im p le :
a
Last s u m m e r, w e (go)
to S pain, we (rent) ............... a house b y the beach and (spend)
th e w h o le tim e s u n b a th in g
lo r n (n o t a rrive )
(h a ve )
........... at the a irp o rt o n tim e because he (miss)
... to ta k e the next flig h t,
c.
jane? (g o )
If (n o t ra in )
e.
W h e n I ( n o t ic e )
I (a lre a d y / see)
I (MO| g G)
lo s t n ig h t. I (see)
.....
to the s h o p , ple ase c a ll late r,

. . . for a lm o s t three m onths.
th a t s o m e b o d y (b re a k i n t o )
T o m (try)
B efore I (buy)
to the c in e m a w ith m y frie n d s b e t ause I (s e e )
(do)
the police
the film before
m y best frie n d 's b o y frie n d w ith a n o th e r g irl! I (phone)
.. .. her
he r eve ryth in g .
to n e g o tia te w ith his boss b e fo re he fin a lly (resign)

a present for Jane, I (a s k )
M v p a re n ts (a lre a d y / d e c id e )
Betty ( c le a n )
o u i fla t, I (ca ll)
this film , so I w o n 't be g o in g to the c in e m o w ith you
im m e d ia te ly a n d ( t o l l )
'
his train and so he
her friends w hat she really liked.
th a t w e 're g o in g to France this sum m er
'h o h o u se , ( c o o k )
a ll th o t, she (invite)
........
d in n e r a n d ( d o )
h e r n e ig h b o u rs for o c u p o f too
the sh o p p in g . After she
in8. Czos Past Perfect Continuous _________

C m
P o s t P e r f e c t C o n t i n u o u s , jo k w szystkie cza sy
jay}* kc -b//" o ra z
jte
rn r;-^ o //u
/ kocw k
-ing,
Continuous,
s k a d a si
o d p o w ie d n ie j fo rm y
czyli o d p o w ie d n io fo rm y h a d
been
-ing
c* or/>b o b o w i /u ie o v j m o fo rrn a c z a s o w n ik a . P r/y tw o rz e n iu im ie s o w u o b o w i z u j te sam e
/epy, co w pozostaych czosoch Continuous

//h e n I a r n / e d
at the office,
10.2).
(p a trz R o z d z ia
noticed that someone had been using my computer,
P '/<ie tho;err:
b u ra , z a u w a z /e m , / e kto k o r //s to / m o je g o k o m p u te ra
Tom h o d b e e n
waiting for two hours in the rain before the bus finally arrived.
K iedy
Torn czeka
dwie godziny n a d e szczu, /a n ir n w k o c u p rz y je c h a a u to b u s

Jane h a d b e e n
studying oil night, and that's why she overslept that day.Jane
uczya si c a
noc, d la te g o z a s p a o ta m te g o d n ia
f W . z * /; twrzyrny, d o d a j c d o h a d s w k o przeczce n o t
Powszechnie stosow ano |ost fo rm a skrcona
h a d n 't
Jane h a d n 't b e e n stu d y in g m u c h for the e xam ,

d u /o d o e g z a m in u ,
dlatego
g o nie
th a t's w h y she failed it.
Jane nie u r /y o si zbyt
zdaa.
I h a d n 't b e e n s le e p in g w h e n w e h e a r d th a t te r r ib le s c re a m .
N ie s p a a m , g d y usyszelim y ten
'''T O p fi/ kr/yk
P/t/jr.uj zam knite tak / rue tw o r/y m y przez inw ersj, ito w io jq c : n o p o cztku c za so w n ik h a d , na st p n ie
podff a t, p < ^trri b e e n
* cza so w n ik / k o c w k - I n g , a n a ko cu d o p e n ie n ia
'V im c rr.y rxJp ow .ed ni za im e k lu b przysw ek
w h a t (co), w h e r e
W p y ta n ia c h o tw a rtych,
(gdz.e), w h y (dla czeg o), w h o (kto),
h o w lo n g (jak d u g o ) itd .
H a d Tom b e e n w o rk in g h a r d b efore the b o ss offered a special b o n u s fo r that project?

C zy Tom o / k a p ra c o w a , z a n im szef z a p o w ie d z ia s p e c ja ln p re m i za ten p ro je k t?
^s, he h ad , lub N o , he h a d n 't.

Had
yo u r
p are n ts
been
re d e coratin g
the
h o u se
before
g r a n d m a 's
visit
last
ye a r?
r ./y h/0, ro d z ic e o d n a w ia li d o m przed zeszoroczn wizyt ba bci?
Yes, they had. lu b N o , they had n't.

H o w lo n g h a d y o u be e n ru n n in g so that you c o u ld n 't m ove a muscle the next d a y ?
lak d u g o
b ie g a e , ze n a st p n e g o d n ia nie m o g e si rus/y?
W b e re h a d you b e e n k e e p in g the m one y before the b u rg la ry ?

przed zdaw aniem ?
G d zie trzym ae pie nid ze
10 .8 .2 . Zastosowanie
ast Perfect Continuous
uyw any jest d o o p is a n ia czynnoci, kt ra trw a a w przeszoci prze;
p e w ie n p rz e d z ia < /fJSU/ zanjm w yd a rz y a si in n a czynno przesza, ia k wszystkie czasy

po
Continuous
n J o trw a n ie d a n e j < /y n n o c i, a le jest to te c /a s zaprzeszy i p o d o b n ie jak P a st P e rfe c t odnosi si
< o c z e g o , c o m ia o m ie is c e w< zeniej w o b e c in n e j (led ne j lu b w i c e j) czynnoci przeszej. Konsekwencje

te| c z y n n o c i byy w id o c z n e w d a n y m m o m e n c ie w przeszoci
w h e n (k ie d y ):
N ajczcie j stosow anym spjnikiem jest
W h e n w e a r r iv e d h o m e , w e n o tic e d th a t s o m e o n e h a d b e e n ru m m a g in g th r o u g h o u r d ra w e rs
K ie d y w r c ili m y d o d o m u , zauw aylim y, ze kto szp e ra w naszy h szufladach.
W p o w yszym z d a n iu c /a s P a s t P e r f e c t C o n t i n u o u s o p is u je czynno, ktra trw a a przez jaki czas

i h a d b e e n r u m m a g i n g ) , za n im w y d a rz y a si in n a czynno przesza ( a r r iv e d h o m e ).
P a s t P e r fe c t C o n tin o u s , a n a lo g ic z n ie d o P r e s e n t P e rfe c t C o n tin u o u s, czsto wystpuj
c z a s o w n ik i w s k a z u j c e
na czynn oci, ktre zazwyczaj trw u |
lie (le e ), liv e (m ieszka), r a in (p a d a
d u g o , czyli m in.
o deszczu), s n o w (pada
s l e e p (s p o ), s t a n d (sta), s tu d y (uczy si, s tu d io w a ), w o r k (p raco w a ).
le a r n (uczy si),
o niegu), sit (siedzie),

W
c/a s ie P re se n t Perfect
C o n t in u o u s p o ja w ia j si tez czsto takie czasow niki jak t h in k (m yle, zastanaw ia si), wonder
(z a s ta n a w ia si, ro zw a a ), h o p e (m ie nadziej).
W h e n w e g o t u p th a t m o r n in g , w e n o tic e d it h a d b e e n s n o w in g a ll n ig h t.
Kiedy wstalimy
ta m te g o p o ra n k a , zauw aylim y, e c a noc p a d a nieg.

I f e lt e x h a u s te d a ll s u m m e r, I h a d b e e n w o r k in g r e a lly h a r d o n m y the sis.
Przez cae lato
c z u a m si z m czo n a , ci ko p ra c o w a a m nad m o j p ra c m agistersk.
P a s t P e r f e c t C o n tin u o u s m o e te su/y. d o o p is a n ia czynnoci, ktre byy lu b n a d a l s zwyczojem lub

n a w y k ie m i w ie lo k ro tn ie p o w ta rz a y si w przeszoci.
W h e n J e n n y a n d T o m w e r e a c o u p le , he h a d b e e n p h o n in g h e r a t le a s t ten tim es a day.
K ie d y Jenny i Tom byli p a r , o n w yd zw a n ia d o niej p rzyn a jm n ie j 10 ra /y dziennie.
M o le /y p a m i ta , o c /a s y zaprzesze uyw ane s g w n ie w tedy, gd y chcem y podkreli
c h r o n o lo g i
darze-i o b y zozna< y, e je d n o < /yn n o m ia a m iejsce w czeniej ni inn o. G d y kolejno zdarze jes
\ zv w l*ta i m e m a p o trzeb y jej p o dkre la lu b , g d y nie m a w zd a n iu jasno o kre lo n e g o m om entu, d o ktrego

,rny (teraniejszo < /y przeszo), s to s u jm y ,</a s y P a s t S im p le i P a st Continu ous.
,08 3 Porwnanie czarw Presem Perfer,
icr;;;r 5'
Czos P r e s e n t
P erfect C o n tin o u s
o p is u je
C zas
Past P erfect C o n tin u o u s
te o p is u je
aynno, ktra za cz a si w p rz e s z o c i, tr w a a
c z y n n o , k t ra trw a a przez ja k i czas, a le
przez jaki czas, z a k o c z y a si lu b n ie , a le je j
w p rz e s z o c i, z a n im w y d a rz y o si c o in n e g o .
efekty s w id o czn e w te ra n ie js z o c i:
Jej e fe k ty b yy w id o c z n e w p e w n y m m o m e n c ie
Tom is tired now because he has been
w p rze szo ci:
jogging.
- Tom jest (teraz) z m c z o n y , p o n ie w a b ie g a .
Before we entered the room , Tom had

been doing exercises.
Where have you been? 1 have been

waiting for over an hour!
- Z a n im w e s z li m y d o p o k o ju , T o m r o b i
- Gdzie bye? C z e k a m o d p o n a d g o d z in y !
1 had been w aiting fo r o ve r an hour when

the bus arrived.
w ic z e n ia .
- C z e k a a m p o n a d g o d z in , z a n im p r z y je c h a
a u to b u s .
Past Perfect
o p is u je c z y n n o c i je d n o r a z o w e ,
krtkie":
P ast P e rfe ct C o n tin u o u s
o p is u je c z y n n o c i,
k t r e trw a y p rzez ja k i p r z e d z ia c z a s u .
After 1had done the shopping, 1 cleaned

the kitchen and baked a cake.
1 had been shopping all m orning, that's

w h y 1 was tired the other day. - C a y
- Po tym jak z ro b ia m z a k u p y , p o s p rz ta a m
p o r a n e k r o b ia m z a k u p y , d la t e g o b y a m
kuchni i u p ie k a m c ia s to .
z m c z o n a ta m te g o d n ia .
w ic z e n ia
Z rozsypanych sw u zdania (tw ierdzenia, przeczenia lub pytania), uyj czasow nikw
w odpowiedniej formie (Past Perfect lub Past Perfect Continuous):
- Bill / lo r 3 0 m in u te s / w a it / b e fo re / a rriv e / w e
..........................................................
b. loud m u sic / liste n to / y o u / a g a in / ?
..........................................................
o. Tom / th a t m o rn in g / n o t ru n
..........................................................
d. for hours / the k id s / p la y / in th e liv in g - r o o m
- all night / it / rain
^ sleep / s o m e b o d y / in m y b e d
I
I
9- not study / a t a || / B o b a n d Lisa / lo r th e e x a m

ro,n / th a t s u m m e r / it / h e a v ily / ?
Ihe house / th e B ro w n s / fo r m o n th s / r e d e c o ra te
...........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
.........................................................
not exorcise / th e y / r e g u la r ly ............................................. .........................................................
W IELKA G RA M A TYKA J Z Y K m
N a p o d s ta w ie p o d a n y c h in fo rm a c ji n a p is z z d a n ia w c z a s ie Pas Perfect Continuous'

a .
M y
d a d
q u it s m o k in g
W e
c .
S a lly 's e y e s w e r e
d .
Ih e
e.
T o m
f.
I passed
m y e x a m s w it h o u t a n y
g .
T he
fo rk
w a s
1 he
ro o m
i.
M y
j.
T he
w e re
su p p o se d
g ro u n d
h a d
la s t y e a r ,
to
m e e t a t f iv e . T o m
re d .
d ir ty ,
e n v e lo p e
( fig h t /
w ith
th e
(s o m e o n e
w as
a r r iv e d
( r a in
h is f a c e ,
w a s a n
y e a rs )
m u d d y,
a t s ix .
( w a it /
o n e
h o u r)
i K
a ll n ig h t)
o th e r b o y s )
(s tu d y /
f o r m o n th s )
10.9 . 1 - 1
use)
(s o m e b o d y /
e n g in e e r ,
o p e n ,
p r o b le m s ,
s tu n k o f c ig a r e tte s ,
g ra n d a d
2 0
(c ry )
w a s a ll w e t a n d
b r u is e s o n
(s m o k e /
(w o rk /
(s o m e b o d y /
sm oke)
fa c to ry /
3 0
re a d
le tte r )
th e
KTt ao5U p r
y e a rs )
S>oinfini
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia c z a s o w n ik a m i w o d p o w ie d n ie j fo rm ie w c z a s a c h Past Perfect Continuous
Iwill 9 ,0 *
y0uwill go
lu b Past Simple:
Theywill 9C
Shewill go
a .
Y o u
in
(b e )
th e
b.
T o m
c.
T he
....................................
a ll
d ir ty
w h e n
(s e e )
you that day, (work) ...................
.........
g a rd e n ?
(b e )
iSczasieFutur*
...................................
la te
be ca use
he
a ll night and he (oversleep)
(s tu d y )
year w nasfr
ip&iiej), in a r
B ro w n s
to th e
d .
T he
e.
W h e n
( liv e )
......................................
c o u n tr y s id e
p h o n e
in
( r in g )
in L o n d o n
fo r
o v e r
3 0
y e a rs
b e fo re
th e y
(m o v e )
...............................
19 8 9 .
Mumwill t
Don't wor
......................................
f o r a lm o s t
fiv e
m in u te s
b e fo re
th e
s e c re ta ry
fin a lly
( p ic k
it u p )
procy domt
lorn will p
in
th e
(s e e )
p a rk
f.
W h e n
g .
I (c a n n o t)
w a s
h.
....................................
T ed,
h is
fa c e
(b e )
....................................
a ll
re d
he
(ru n )
...............................
I ( b e ) ...................................... a
.....................................
c h ild
I ( c l i m b ) ........................................ t r e e s .
le a v e th e
g a ra g e
because
it ( s n o w )
beczenia i
...................................... a l l n i g h t a n d
th e d o o r
b lo c k e d .
W h e n
w th c o l o u r e d
p e n c ils
z d a n ia
o n
o u r new
w h ite
c z a s o w n ik a m i
W h e n
I t 's c o l d
c.
T he
d.
A fte r I ( s p e a k )
Jane
( a r r iv e )
a n d
B ro w n s a re
a n d
o u r
to
w e
b ir th d a y
| ( t h i n k ) ......................................a b o u t y o u r o f f e r , b u t t o
I ( le a r n )
h.
I ( a lw a y s /
A lte r Ih e
|.
Jo h n l W h a t
w a n t)
p e rfo rm a n c e
to
p ia n o
liv e
in
p a rty
la s t
( b e g in /
I h a te
w eek,
u s fo r
h o lid a y to
she
(tin p o c iq ik u iq c y c h *oaw anow anych
JQnecan
T,2mo
li
will not
a u tu m n .
b e
h o n e s t it 's n o t a
fo r o v e r fiv e y e a r s b e f o r e
( in v it e )
over
2 0 y e a rs .
T u n is ia .
....................................
g o o d
ss
a *m o S
V h,
id e a .
I ( d e c i d e ) ............................. o 9 u , t
N v
S c o tla n d .
........................................ a l l t h e s e
............................................... y o u .
Perfect,
a l r e a d y ) ......................................
k i d s ( d o ) ....................................... t h e i r h o m e w o r k , I ( l e t ) ......................................... t h e m
(y o u , d o )
Past
g r e a t tim e .
th e
c z a s a c h
Past Simple:
I ( b o o k ) ..................................... a
( h a v e ) ....................................... a
p la y
lu b
( l i v e ) ........................................ n e x t d o o r t o
m y boss
a
......................... t o
fo r m ie
a ll n ig h t -
n e ig h b o u r s . T h e y
( o r g a n is e )
e v e ry b o d y a n d
th e
it ( r a i n )
Rwnik g!<
'* o n H
o d p o w ie d n ie j
. . . . ............................... a t t h e o p e r a
w in d y
t h e k i d s ( p l a y ) .................................
s o fa .
Past P e r f e c t C o n t i n u o u s Pr es ent Perfe ct C o n tin uo u s

w e
Uczenia twc
ofermo sfc,
I ( e n t e r ) ......................................t h e f l a t I i m m e d i a t e l y ( n o t i c e )
U z u p e n ij
Ihope we
e a r lie r .
y e a rs ? l
It ( b e )
g o
to
................................... 9 e s
th e p a
s ,n c e
ifc
f ia s
przyszy Future Simple
j a i
j
Cios
C; I
prosty tworzony jest w jzyku angielskim za p o m o c czasow nika m o d a ln e g o w i l l . (W icej

m0j 0 lnych w Rozdziale I I ) . C /a s o w n ik w tym czasie m a tak sam o rm d la wszystkie h o s b ,
o m o r .
mwi si o a y n n o c io c h przyszych w ynikajcych / dec yzji i oczekiw a m w i c e g o
0 10
1| q
9 1 . Forma twierdzca, przeczenia i pytania
\y . f
Foitry aasu przyszego prosogo,
tworzymy zo
p o m o cq
w ill
b e z o k o lic z n ik
bez
sw ka
to
bare Infin itive) Przybiera o n tak sam form d la wszystkich osb:

I wi|| go to the cinem a.
Pjd d o kina.
You will go to the cin e m a .

They will go to the cin e m a .
She will go to the cin e m a .
Ty pjdziesz d o kina. / W y pjdziecie d o kicina.

O n i / O n e p jd d o kina.
O n a pjdzie d o kina.
Wczasie Future Sim ple uywane; s takie okrolniki czasu jcik: to m o rro w (jutro), n ext w e e k / m o n th
/ year (w nastpnym tygodniu / m iesicu / roku), so o n (n ie d u g o ), to n ig h t (dzi w ieczorem ), la t e r
(pniei), in a n h o u r (za godzin), itp. oraz przyswki p ro b a b ly i p e r h a p s (p ra w d o p o d o b n ie ):
Mum will take us s h o p p in g to m o rr o w .
M a m a zabierze nas jutro na zakupy.
Don't worry, I'll h e lp y o u w ith y o u r h o m e w o rk la te r.
N ie m a rtw si, pniej p o m o g ci przy
pracy domowe).
Tom will p ro b a b ly re tu rn o n F rid a y .
I hope w e'll go to S pain n e x t y e a r.
Tom p ra w d o p o d o b n ie w rci w pitek.

M a m nadziej, o w przyszym roku pojedziem y d o H iszpanii.
Przeczenia i pytania
Fneaenio tworzymy dodaj do w ill sw ko przeczce not W jzyku codziennym najczciej stosow ana
t,- l lorma skrcona won't
Pena form a w ill not uywana jest tylko em fatycznie, d la po d kre le n ia .
Czasownik gwny pozostaje ho / zmian

I won t help you because I d o n 't h a v e tim e .
N ie p o m o g ci, poniew a nie m a m czasu.
tone can't come to the c in e m a w ith us, h e r m um w o n 't le t h e r.
Jane nie p jd zie / na m i d o kina ,
m a m a 1! n i e p o z w o l i .
* W*H not tolerate such b e h a v io u rl

Pyton
i ' I,1
N ie bd tolerow a ta kie g o zoch ow an lol
t ak / nie w czasie Fu tu re S im p le tworzymy prze/ inwersj tj przestaw iajc w ill na
r t w o r t P , nm owiamy p o d m io t, nastpnie bezokolicznik i na kocu d o p e n io n io W pyta niach
I' '
i|my odpow iedni zaimek lub przyswek: w h a t (co), w h e re (gdzie), w hy (dlaczego)

. h w m a n y / m u c h w itd
(>m ho|p y | pejint the house?

He w ill. |ub
he w o n 't
What will hn
How ,
na p P, n ,n
( zy Toin pom oe nam p o m a lo w a dom ?
n e x t e p iso d e ?
C o si wydarzy w nostpnym odcinku?
P* p l* WiH CO,n" ' y o u r p a r y d o y o u
Jnk
lln os b P nryld fB no twj
Wh
ill the p arty ta ko p la ce ?
( dzie odbdzie si przyjcie?
dlu poc|lku|cych i loewnmuwanych
223
W IELKA G RA M A TY K A J Z Y K A A N G IE L SK IE G O
WICZENIA
Z r o z s y p a n y c h w y r a z w u tw r z z d a n ia w c z a s ie Future Simple:
o .
J im
h e lp
d a d
c le a n
u p
th e
g a ra g e
......................................................................................
b. The lesson / finish / soo n

c.
I /
g o
d .
T o m
e .
M y
c o u s in
f.
M y
p a re n ts
g .
I /
le n d
h .
I /
n e v e r /
T h e
S te re o ty p e s
to
th e
c o m e
c in e m a
/
to
m y
s ta y /
/
th e
yo u
......................................................................................
p a rty
a t o u r p la c e
le t m e
m o n e y
te ll y o u
w e a th e r /
w ith
b ir th d a y
n e v e r /
yo u
.....................................................
p r o b a b ly
n e ve r /
fo r a
b u y
if y o u
J u lie 's
......................................................................................
su ch
n e e d
w e e k
a n
.................................................................... .................
e x p e n s iv e
it
.....................................................................................
......................................................................................
s e c re t
/
w a tc h
......................................................................................
c h a n g e
n e x t m o n th
d ie
.....................................................................................
......................................................................................
Z a m ie z d a n ia n a p r z e c z e n ia i p y ta n ia z a m k n i te (w y m a g a j c e o d p o w ie d z i tak / nie):
a .
It w ill s n o w
th is
w e e k . .............................................................................................................................................................................................................
b .
T h e se
c.
Y o u
w ill h e lp
d .
T im
w ill
e .
S u z y w ill s ta rt h e r
f.
W e
s tu d e n ts
w ill ta k e
a n
g ra n d m a
b r in g
u s th e
w ill h a v e
th e
m o n e y
new
b ig
in
e xa m
jo b
p a rty
t o m o r r o w . ................................................... .....................................................................................
g a r d e n . ...................................................................... ................................................. ...................................
t o m o r r o w . ................................................................... .....................................................................................
o n
M o n d a y . ........................................................................................................................................................
f o r d a d 's
b i r t h d a y . .................................................... .....................................................................................
Z a p y ta j o p o d k re lo n cz z d a n ia :
a .
T he
c o n c e r t w ill p r o b a b ly
b .
T he
film
c.
M y
d .
I w ill b u y
M a ry
e.
I w ill le n d
B o b
f.
I w ill g o
g.
The
B ro w n s
h.
Y ou
w ill g o
Jo o n
j.
W e
w ill s ta rt a t
c o lle a g u e
to
fro m
w o rk
n e c k la c e
J u ly .
w ill h e lp
w ill h a v e
h o lid a y
m e
w ill c o m e
........................................................... ........................
to
m y
fo r h e r b ir th d a y .
b ir th d a y
p a r t y .................................................................................................
....................................................................................
................................................ ...................................
s e l l t h e i r h o .U S fi s o o n . .............................................................................................................................
i n A u .flU S l- ................................................................................... ....................................................................................
p re p a re
o . p ii^ . a
g L t h e J o w n J io J J . ...................... .....................................................................................
..................................................................................
w ill p r o b a b ly
o n
p la c e
o ' c lo c k -
S f lf lL f iU L Q S .
I t a ly in
ta k e
d i n n e r . .....................................................................................................................................................................
f o r l u n c h . ......................................................................................... ..........................................................................
m
iu.#2. Zastosowanie
Bo s u Future S im p le
p
d o
w y r a e n ia
i w y r a e n ia m i
im a g in e
uyw am y:
p rz y p u s z c z e
ja k :
hope
( m ie
( w y o b r a a s o b ie ) ,
I a m a f r a id
( o b a w ia m
z a p la n o w a n e , le c z
( n ie
p la n w ! )
n a d z ie j ) ,
know
n a
te m a t
th in k
( w ie d z ie ) ,
s i ) . C z y n n o c i, o
p r z y s z o c i
( m y le ) ,
suppose
b e lie v e
ta k im i
I a m s u re
czsto z b ie g u
w y n ik a j
c z a s o w n ik a m i
expect
( w ie r z y ) ,
(p rz y p u s z c z a ),
m owo,
k t ry c h
c z s to
( o c z e k iw a ) ,
( je s te m
p e w ie n ) ,
w y d a rz e ,
n ie
p r z e w id z ia n e :
I a m s u re y o u w ill s o lv e y o u r p ro b le m s s o o n .
J e s te m
p e w n a ,
n ie d u g o
r o z w i e s z
s w o je
p r o b le m y .
I h o p e T o m w ill c o m e s o o n .
M a m
O h n o ! I l l miss th e bus a g a in !
n a d z ie j , e T o m
n ie !
Z n o w u
S a lly w ill b e h e re o n tim e , she a lw a y s is.
d o
w y r a e n ia
o b ie tn ic
n ie d u g o
u c ie k n ie
S a lly
b d z ie
p r z y jd z ie .
m i a u to b u s !
p u n k tu a ln a ,
ja k
zaw sze.
i g r b :
Y ou w ill g e t a n e le c tric tr a in f o r C h ris tm a s , I p ro m is e .
D o s ta n ie s z
p o d
c h o in k
e le k tr y c z n
k o le jk , o b ie c u j .
B eha ve y o u rs e lf o r I 'l l c a ll y o u r p a re n ts .
do
w y r a e n ia
d e c y z ji d o t y c z c y c h
Z a c h o w u j s i , a l b o
p rz y s z o c i, k t r e
oferujc p o m o c :
D o n 't lift this b a g o n y o u r o w n . I 'l l h e lp y o u .
I have a n id e a : w e 'll o r d e r p iz z a fo r lu n c h !
w g rz e c z n y c h
p o d e jm u je m y w
N ie
M a m
p o d n o
p o m y s :
z a d z w o n i
d o
m o m e n c ie
sa m a
te j to rb y .
z a m w im y
t w o ic h
r o d z ic w .
m w ie n ia ,
P o m o g
p iz z
n a
n a
p r z y k a d
c i.
lu n c h !
p ro b a c h :
W ill y o u p le a s e h e lp m e w ith th is b a g ?
W ill y o u p le a s e o p e n th e w in d o w ?
C zy
P o m o e s z m i, p r o s z , z t
m g b y o tw o r z y
to rb ?
o k n o ?
10.9.3. Czasownik shall

Czasownik m odalny s h a ll uywany jest zam iennie z w ill, ale tylko d la pierwszej osoby liczby pojedynczej
mnogiej, I oraz w e, i tylko w jzyku b a rdzo form alnym .
I shall be h o n o re d to h a v e y o u f o r d in n e r. - Bd zaszczycona goci was na ob iedzie .
Przeczenie z s h a ll tworzymy, d o d a j c sw ko not. F orm skr co n jest s h a n 't, lecz naley p a m i ta ,
ze 'es ono bardzo rzadka i naduyw anie jej moe brzm ie nie natu raln ie .
W e shall n o t (s h a n 't) to le ra te such la n g u a g e in o u r s c h o o l. - N ie bdziem y to le ro w a ta kie g o
izyko w naszej szkole.
tytonia tworzymy, staw iajc s h a ll na pocztku zdania. Takie pytania w yraaj zazwyczaj grzeczne
^
^ P ^ z y c je , proby oraz sugestie:

Shall I open the w in d o w ? - M oe otworz okno?
all we w a it fo r yo u ? - Czy m a m y na ciebie czeka?
We go? - M oe ju pjdziem y?
I y^'obce pt
I q p OC2qtlcujqcych i za a w a n so w a n ych
225
W i l l KA O K A M A TY K A J U * K A A N O ItL S K IIG O
WICZENIA
U z u p e f n ij d a n ia o d p o w io d n iq f o r m q c z a s o w n ik a w Future Sim ple:
d
II y o u ask p o lite ly , I (take) ...........
I h o p e the w in te r (end)
i . I (m ake)
y o u s h o p p in g lo the n e w s h o p p in g m a ll.
....... .............................s o o n .
....................
s p a g h e tti! W h a t d o y o u say?
N o p ro b le m ! W e ( le n d ) ........................................ yo u th e m o n e y.
I ( t e ll) ............... . ..................... m u m you b ro k e the vase!
I'm a fr a id w e (have to)
II T o m 's n o t a t h o m e , I (c a ll)
................................ ....... (yo u , he lp) m e o p e n the jar?
i,
The p o litic ions e xp e ct th a t u n e m p lo y m e n t ( f a l l)
The w ea ther fo re c a s t says it ( r a in ) .......................................... to m o rro w .
C o m e o n 1 H urry u p ! The film ( s ta r t) .......................................... s o o n .
......................................ask o u r p a re n ts fo r s o m e he lp.
........................................la te r.
next yea r.
........................... (m u m , c o o k ) s o m e th in g fo r us?
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia p o d a n y m i c z a s o w n ik a m i w o d p o w ie d n ie j fo r m ie :
com e
ra m
c a li
g iv e
The $\v s dark and cloudy, it
It s
a lm o s t seven a
n e w
spend
s ta r t
n o t te ll
........................................................... soon.
s fla s h ..............................................................................................i n
tw o
m in u te s .
c. I
... .............
you the money, just don't tell mum.
d I
.....................................
you when Tom gets here.
e. I promise I
*
.................................
Jenny about your surprise for her.
II I hove money, I . .............................................................to Japan next summer.
g Grondmo ..................................
h ! hope I
to visit us next week.

tomorrow's evening with Bob.
Z a m ie z d a n ia , u y w a jg c s h a ll ty lk o ta m , g d z ie je s t to m o liw e :
a. I w
h e lp you w ith y o u r p ro je c t,
..........
b. M a ry w ill jo in us fo r d in n e r
..........
c . W ill v*e do n e e ?
..........
M a rk w ii
VV
W e *' 1 baye d in n e r to g e th e r o n Friday
9
h
eîd m e som e m oney
..........
you o p e n the w>ndow please?

_____
p ro b a b ly visit M r Jo h n so n next week
We w
go
never fo rg e t vxhat you dd for us.
..........
1p.
Konstrukcja
K onstrukcja going to
going to w y ra a
z a m ia r , z a r w n o w o d n ie s ie n iu d o p rz y s z o c i, ja k i n ie z re a liz o w a n e z a m ia ry
, nreszoci. Istotne jest ro z r n ie n ie z a s to s o w a n ia
Simple oraz
going to
w w y ra a n iu p rz y s z o c i o d u y c ia
Future
Continuous
P re s e n t
10.10.1. Forma tw ie rd z c a , przeczenia

i p y ta n ia
Konstrukcjo
going to
s k a d a si z o d p o w ie d n ie j d la d a n e j o s o b y fo r m y c z a s o w n ik a b y " w c z a s ie
teraniejszym lub p rze szym , w y ra e n ia
going to
o ra z b e z o k o lic z n ik a .
Czas teraniejszy:
I am g o in g t o b u y a n e w c a r . - M a m z a m ia r k u p i n o w y s a m o c h d .
M a rk is g o in g to h a v e a p a r t y o n F r id a y . - M a r k m a z a m ia r z ro b i w p i te k im p re z .
Czas przeszy:
I w as g o in g to b u y a n e w c a r , b u t I c h a n g e d m y m in d . - M ia a m za m ia r k u p i
nowy samochd,
ale zmieniam zdanie.

M a rk w a s g o in g t o h a v e a p a r t y b u t h e f e ll s ic k . - M a r k m ia z a m ia r z ro b i im p re z , a le ro z c h o ro w a
si.
come (p rzyj) s rz a d z ie j s to s o w a n e z k o n s tru k c j going to, a b y w y ra z i je j

znaczenie, uyw any jest czas Present Continuous (w i c e j w R o z d z ia le 1 0 .1 0 .4 ) . C h o fo rm y going to
com e i going to go s g r a m a ty c z n ie p o p r a w n e , p o w ie m y ra c z e j:
Czasowniki
go
(i) i
Tom is c o m in g f o r d in n e r t o m o r r o w . - Tom p rz y jd z ie ju tr o n a o b ia d .
W e re g o in g to G r e e c e th is s u m m e r . - T e g o la ta je d z ie m y d o G re c ji.
P rzeczenia i p y ta n ia
U c z e n ia tw orzym y, z a p rz e c z a j c c z a s o w n ik b y " - d o d a j c d o n ie g o s w k o
wYrazeniem
going to,
not.
T w o rz c p rz e c z e n ia
s to s u je m y ta k ie s a m e fo rm y s k r c o n e ja k w p rz e c z e n ia c h c z a s o w n ik a b y " ,
wno w czasie te ra n ie js z y m , ja k i p rze szym .

h a s n 't g o in g
to
t e ll
e v e ry o n e ,
I p r o m is e !
P rz y s i g a m ,
n ie
m ia a m
z a m ia ru
w szystkim
powiedzie.
Tom w a s n t g o in g t o b e c o m e a d o c t o r , b u t f i n a l ly h e w e n t to m e d s c h o o l. - T o m n ie p la n o w a
osta le ka rze m , a le w k o c u p o s z e d n a a k a d e m i m e d y c z n .
W IELK A G R A M A T Y KA JZYKA A N G IE LSK IE G O
Pytania zamknite tak / nie w przypadku konstrukcji g o in g to tworzymy przez inwersj tj. przestawiajc
form
czasownika
by"
na
pocztek pytania, potem
stawiamy odpowiedni
podmiot, nastpnie
g o in g to, a na kocu bezokolicznik czasownika gw nego i ewentualne dopenienie, tzw. reszt".

W pytaniach otwartych dodajem y odpowiedni zaimek lub przyswek: w h a t (co), w h e r e (gdzie), why
(dlaczego), w h o (kto), h o w m a n y / m u ch (ile) itd.
A r e y o u g o in g to a s k d a d f o r s o m e m o n e y ?
Masz zamiar poprosi tat o pienidze?
Y e s , I a m . lub N o , I a m n o t.
Is M e g g o in g to v is it us d u r in g th e w e e k e n d ? - Czy Meg nas odwiedzi w weekend?
Y e s, she is. lub N o , she is n 't.
W e r e th e k id s g o in g to p la y in th e g a r d e n w h e n it s ta rte d to ra in ? - Czy dzieci miay zamiar
bawi si w ogrodzie, kiedy zaczo pada?

Y es, th e y w e r e , lub N o , th e y w e r e n 't.
W h y is B en g o in g to m o v e to C a rd iff?
Dlaczego Ben przeprowadza si do Cardiff?
W h e n w e r e y o u g o in g t o te ll m e a b o u t th e b r o k e n w in d o w ? - Kiedy zamierzalicie mi powiedzie
o wybitym oknie?
W h y w a s T o m g o in g to q u it his jo b ?
Dlaczego Tom mia zamiar rzuci prac?
H o w m a n y p e o p le a r e g o in g to c o m e to y o u r p a rty ? - Ile osb przyjdzie do ciebie no imprez?
K onstrukcji g o in g to uywamy:
do wyraenia zamiarw dotyczcych przyszoci, do ktrych prawdopodobnie, ecz
n ie k o n ie c z n ie ,
poczyniono pewne przygotowania:

H e n ry is g o in g to ask S y lv ia to m a rry him . - Henry mo zamiar poprosi Sy!vi o rk. by moe
kupi ju nawet piercionek)

W e a re g o in g to v is it a u n t S o p h ie n e x t w e e k e n d . - W nastpny weekend mamy zamiar o d w ie d z i
cioci Sophie
I a m g o in g to sell the h o use.
Mom zamiar sprzedo dom.
do opisywania sytuacji, w ktrych przewidujemy, e co wvdorzy si w medalekie) przyszoci no

podstawie przesanek, oznak widocznych w chwili mwienia:
The sky is d a rk a n d it's c lo u d y . It is g o in g to ra in soo n. - Niebo jest ciemne iest pochmurne
Niedugo bdzie podaIt is v e ry stuffy to d a y . I'm sure w e re g o in g to h a v e a storm .
J e s t d z i
b a rd z o
duszno. J e s v '
pewiien, ze bdzie dzisoj burza

B illy is p la y in g w ith the scissors. H e 's g o in g to h u rt him se lf! - Billy bawi s* noivczkom
sobie
k rz y w d !
Zrob
10. C ZASY
WICZENIA
f f l Uzupenij zdania cza so w n ika m i w o d p o w ie d n ie j fo rm ie , u y w a j c g o i n g to w czasie
teraniejszym:
0 Blake (sell)........................................................ his car because it costs him too much to run.
b Joan (have) ............
V**
dinner with her future in-laws on Saturday.
........................................... (you, help) me with this task or not?
d Oh no! It (rain).......................................................... again in a minute!

c
..................................................(we, invite) the Browns to our anniversary party?
|'m going to the shop, I (b u y )................. ....................................... a present for Maria.
.....................................................(Maria, have) a party for her birthday?
h This offer sounds interesting, ....................................................... (you, apply) for it?

,
.....................................................(the kids, stay) at grandm a's tonight?
1 My parents (redecorate) ...................................
thehousethissummer.
I Uzupenij zdania czasow nikam i w o d p o w ie d n ie j fo rm ie , u y w a j c g o i n g to w czasie

przeszym:
a. We (buy).................................. that house but it was too expensive.
b. Tom (visit)
us but he got stuck in a traffic jam.
c. I (coll)................................but I forgot.
e At first, we (travel)
d. Bill (ask)............................... Jane to marry him, but he changed his mind.

by train, but in the end we bought a plane ticket.
f. I knew I (become).................................. on actress.

9 When................................. (you, tell) me you failed your exam?
h I (not cry)
but I couldn't hold back my tears.
My parents (not let) ................................ me drive on my own, but I convinced them.

i Sue (not eat) .........................
herself.
the cake, because she was on a diet, but she couldn't help
Napytajj o p o d k re lo n c z z d a n ia :
0 &Qb is going to help us paint the fence

h Jane and Bob are going to send out wedding invitations next week.
1m going t0 quit my job because I gm constantly arguing with my boss
d We re going to have a party on Friday.
^ fam and Bill were going to play tennis but it began to r ain.
kike is going to invite about 20 people to his party.
|ho conference is going to take place on Friday. 23"* July
is going to be responsible for the project
I0 10 3. Porw nanie going to i Future Simple

- r ^ T g o in g
Czasownika w i l l uywamy do wyraenia
o ^ w a m y do wyraenia
spontanicznej decyzji podjtej w chw ili
I c h zamiarw. Decyzje dotyczce tych
m wienia:
"la r w podjliby prawdopodobnie ju
I haye a great idea! W e 'll have a party on
y/czeniej.
F r id a y !
We ore g o ing to h a v e a p a r ty o n F r id a y .
- M am wietny pomys! Z robim y w pitek
W piqtek zamierzamy zrobi imprez.
imprez!
(t decyzj podjlimy praw dopodobnie

wczeniej, by moe poczynilimy jakie
przygotowania)
I am
D o n 't w o r r y a b o u t y o u r p r o je c t ! I w i l l h e lp
you!
- Nie martw si o swj projekt! P om og ci!
going to h e lp Tom w ith his
Geography p ro je c t.
Mam zamiar pomc Tomowi przy jego

projekcie z geografii.
Gdy nie ma wyranych oznak w teraniejszoci;
Za pomoc g o in g t o wyraamy
przewidywania na podstawie tego, co dzieje si
wchwili mwienia:
e co si wydarzy, uywamy czasownika w i l l :

T o m w ill b e h e re in a m in u t .
Look at the sky! It is g o in g to r a in in
- Tom bdzie tutaj za chwil.
a minute.
F o r h e r 2 1 5 b ir t h d a y , I w i l l b u y L u c y
Popatrz na niebo! Zaraz zacznie pada.
a g o ld e n b r a c e le t.
I feel terrible, I am g o in g to b e s ic k .
- N a d w u d z ie s te pierw sze u ro d z in y k u p i Lucy
Czuj si fatalnie; bd chora.
z o t b ra n s o le tk .
w ic z e n ia
Uzupenij z d a n ia k o n s tru k c j g o i n g t o lu b c z a s o w n ik ie m w i l l :
a. I m sorry, Tom is not home. - N o , problem , I (w a it)
*have' ...................................... pasta for dinner tonight - w ould you like to join us?
is watch is very expensive - I hope you (not b u y ).......................................................
jj
am (apply)........................................ fo r
f W0 ' ^ 0QSe ^ n cêan ^ e
, 6
g.
fo r him.
position advertised in today's newspaper.
on Yur w n> I (h e lp )..........................................yOU|

a house inthe mountains.
| ( te ll)
K r
? n u .................................
what 1 hink - t's the worst idea you've ever hadl
Q< Coffee? Something to eat? - I (have)
[ e i ............................................
esPresso and a cho colate
biscuit.
i IC
k Oh no! J
I u
,
w
"
,heir hOUSe and m ve to a n o h er state.
6 7
,he' * <,0ke).........................................
m,ssed my bus! - D o n 't worry, I (d riv e )
-
' *
painkil,er os soon as I find one

,
,
' o
* "*
W y b ie rz o d p o w ie d , kt ra b a rd z ie j pasuje d o zdania:
a . W h o w a n ts t o h e lp m e in th e k itc h e n ? - 1 ................................. ,
a
b . a m g o in g to
1 ................................. k n e e
s u r g e r y n e x t m o n th .
a . w ill h a v e
b . a m g o in g to h a v e
c. I promise I ............................|ate.
a. w o n t be
d.
Give me some money

a . w ill te ll
e*
................................d a d y o u r o o k th e
b . a r e g o in g to h a v e
Be
c a r e fu l! Y o u ...............................d o w n .
b . a r e g o in g to fa ll
b.
a m g o in g to w a it
h- W e ................................ t o m a t o s o u p a n d ro a s t c h ic k e n w ith frie s

o . w ill h a v e
b.
p le a s e .
a r e g o in g to h a v e
I g u e s s o u r n e i g h b o u r s ..................................s o o n .
a . w ill m o v e o u t
j.
a s k in g
I .................................f o r T o m u n til h e g e ts h o m e , I n e e d to s p e a k t o h im .
a . w ill w a it
i.
ear w ith o u t
b . a m g o in g to te ii
D o n t s ta n d o n th a t c h a ir - it's s h a k y .
a . w ill f a ll
9-
or
.................................a b ig p a r ty f o r g r a n d m a 's 8 0 * b irth d a y .

a . w ill h a v e
f.
b . a m n o t g o in g t o b e
T h e p h o n e is r in g in g . a . w ill g e t
b . o r e g o in g to m o v e o u t
I ..................................it!
b.
a m g o in g to g e t
U z d a n i a z r o z s y p a n y c h w y r a z w , u y w a j g c c z a s o w n ik a w ill lu b g o in g to:
a . y o u r p r o b le m s / I / b e s u re / s o o n / y o u / s o lv e
b . b u y / n e w fu r n itu r e / w e / f o r th e liv in g - r o o m
c.
a t th e s ta tio n / b e / o n tim e / w e
d . I / b e a fr a id / n o t b e a b le / I / y o u / h e lp
e . d in n e r / c o o k / m u m / to n ig h t / f o r
12
p e o p le
T o m / a t h o m e / n o t b e / c a ll / h im / I / so / la te r
g . th e w e e k e n d / m y p a re n ts / a t th e s e a s id e / s p e n d
i / y o u / s h o w / use / h o w / th is m a c h in e
O10 .4 . W yraanie przyszoci - p o r w n a n ie ,
'
pow trzenie
ku angielskim , przy w y ra a n iu
^ m w i c e g o
p rz y s z o c i u y c ie d a n e g o
czasu
lu b
s tru k tu ry
z a le y m .in .
od
o d te g o , czy d a n o c z y n n o jest z a p la n o w a n a czy n ie , o r a z k to m a w p y w n a d a n e
nf( Ll
a y m w i c y s a m p o d e jm u je d e c y z j czy w y d a rz e n ie w y n ik a z n ie z a le n y c h u s ta le , n p .
vvydorzeme
y
ho,monogramw, ro z k a d w ja z d y itp .
Za pom oc P re s e n t S im p le o p is u je m y ro z k a d y ja zd y, h a r m o n o g r a m y , p r o g r a m y te le w iz y jn e o r a z
nasze plany zalene o d c z y n n ik w z e w n trz n y c h , ro z k a d w , itp .
The tra in to G la s g o w le a v e s a t f iv e . - P o c i g d o G la s g o w o d je d a o 5 .
I start m y class a t e ig h t. - M o je z a j c ia z a c z y n a j si o
8.
i Czos Present C o n tin u o u s o p is u je c z y n n o c i z o r g a n iz o w a n e , z a p la n o w a n e , k t r e w y d a rz si

w niedalekiej przyszoci. U y w a j c te g o c z a s u w o d n ie s ie n iu d o p rz y s z o c i, n a le y za w s z e p o d a
dokadny czas w y d a rz e n ia . U y c ie P r e s e n t C o n tin u o u s m a w y d w i k ra c z e j o s o b is ty - o d n o s i si
do planw i decyzji m w i c e g o , c z s to d o ty c z y s p o tk a i w y d a rz e to w a rz y s k ic h .
W e are fly in g to I b iz a o n F r id a y . - W p i te k le c im y n a Ib iz .
M y p a re n ts a r e g o in g to th e t h e a t r e t o n ig h t . - M o i ro d z ic e id w ie c z o re m d o te a tru .
I'm h a v in g lu n c h w ith T o m t o m o r r o w . - J u tro je m lu n c h z T o m e m .
Konstrukcja g o in g
to w y ra a z a m ia ry i in te n c je m w i c e g o , le cz w o d r n ie n iu o d P r e s e n t
Continuous nie o z n a c z a , e p o c z y n io n o ja k ie k o lw ie k u s ta le n ia d o ty c z c e d a n e j c z y n n o c i, n p .
umwienie te rm in u . W w ie lu s y tu a c ja c h je d n a k czas te ra n ie js z y i g o in g
to m o g by uyw ane
zamiennie. G o in g to o p is u je p o n a d to c z y n n o c i p rz e w id y w a n e n a p o d s ta w ie o z n a k i p rz e s a n e k
widocznych w m o m e n c ie m w ie n ia :
I Qm g o in g to s ta r t le a r n in g S p a n is h . - M a m z a m ia r z a c z uczy si h is z p a s k ie g o .
A c c o rd in g to th e fo r e c a s t , it is g o i n g t o b e v e r y c o ld n e x t w e e k . - W e d u g p r o g n o z y p o g o d y
w P^YSzym ty g o d n iu b d z ie b a rd z o z im n o .
re g o in g to s e ll g r a n d m o t h e r 's o ld h o u s e . - M a m y z a m ia r s p rz e d a s ta ry d o m b a b c i.
Czasownik w ill w yraa c z y n n o c i, o k t ry c h d e c y d u je m y w m o m e n c ie m w ie n ia , o b ie tn ic e , g ro b y ,

Y 1 zgod na co. W ill w y ra a r w n ie p rz e w id y w a n ie m w i c e g o w o d n ie s ie n iu d o ia k ie a o
wYaarzenia.
1
I
9 e*
ph o n e ! - O d b io r te le fo n !
J a n m *Se ^ W n *
I'll heT*^
a n y n e - ~~ O b ie c u j , e n ik o m u n ie p o w ie m .
b e a n a c tr e s s . - J a n e p r a w d o p o d o b n ie z o s ta n ie a k to rk .
e P y o u w ith th e s u itc a s e , d o n ' t l if t it y o u r s e lf . - P o m o g c i z w a liz k , n ie p o d n o je j s a m a .
W IE L K A G R A M A T Y K A J Z Y K A A N G IE L S K IE G O
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia k o n s tr u k c j g o in g to lu b c z a s o w n ik ie m w c z a s ie Present C ontrnuous:
o . W e ( h a v e ) ......................................
a b ig c e le b ra tio n fo r o u r 3 0 !r w e d d in g anniversary
b. O n W e d n e s d a y a t 12 , I (have)
.......................................................lun ch w ith my boss.
c. W e ( g o ) ............................................
d
I have a d a te to n ig h t - I (m eet)
sk iin g to Ita ly to m o rro w .

.......................................................Tom a t the cafe.
e. M r B ro o ks ( f iy ) ...............................
f.
to V ie n n a o n Friday,
W h a t (yo u, d o ) ..............................
to n ig h t?
g. W e (n o t in v it e ) ...............................
the Sm iths to o u r party.
h. M y c o m p u te r is o ld , I ( b u y ) ..........................
i.
T o m a n d Jim ( p la y ) ..........................................
j.
I'v e just c o m e b a c k fro m th e g ym , I (take)
k. T h ey say it ( r a in )
a new one next m onth.

squash on Saturday m orning.
................................. to m o rro w .
...................................
(Jane, go ) to the c in e m a w ith us tonight?
W y b i e r z p r a w id o w o d p o w ie d :
a
T h e next tra in to H a m b u rg is le a v in g / le a v e s a t seven o 'c lo c k ,
I h o p e y o u r g ra n d fa th e r w ill b e / is b e tte r soon.
c. W e w ill h a v e / a r e h a v in g a surprise p a rty fo r Jenny to n ig h t.

d . T o m is g o in g to t r a v e l / tr a v e ls to A sia next su m m e r.
e . I a m g o in g / w ill g o to th e d e n tis t to m o rro w a t fo u r.
f.
D o n 't w o rry , I w ill d o / a m g o in g to d o the s h o p p in g fo r you.
g . W h a t w ill y o u d o / a r e y o u d o in g o n S atu rda y m o rn in g ?

h. I w ill b e / a m b e in g o n tim e , I p ro m ise .
a shower.
Uzu
penij dialogi odpow iednim i form am i czasow nikw :
. Tom Has a s k e d m e o u t o n o d a te !
. Really? T h a t's w o n d e r fu l! W h e n (y o u , m e e t ) .....................................................h im ?
jq o j
to th e c in e m a o n F rid a y .
....................................(y o u , te ll) y o u r p a re n ts ?
y e s | ( |e ||) ................................................. th e m t o m o r r o w .
. I'm a fra id th e y (n o t b e ) .................................................. v e r y p le a s e d , th e y d o n 't lik e T o m .
. ! know ... B ut I ( c o n v in c e ) .................................................... th e m h e is a n ic e g u y .
. | (k e e p ).................................................... m y fin g e rs c ro s s e d f o r y o u .
B
- H e llo , M r J e n k in s ? It's T o m B u rn e tt fr o m C r y p to . I ( b e ) ...................................................... in L o n d o n n e x t

M o n d a y . C a n w e m e e t?
- Sorry, I ( h a v e )
- Torn, hi! O f c o u rs e ! M a y b e w e c o u ld m e e t f o r lu n c h o n M o n d a y ? Say, 1 2 o 'c lo c k ... ?

lu n c h w ith o u r p r o d u c tio n m a n a g e r . H o w a b o u t la te r ?
A ro u n d fo u r?
- U n fo rtu n a te ly I ( f l y ) ....................................................t o B ru s s e ls in th e a ft e r n o o n .
- T h at's a p ity ...
- H o w lo n g (yo u , s t a y ) ....................................................in L o n d o n ?
- Till the en d o f th e w e e k .
- Let's m eet o n T h u rs d a y th e n ! I ( b e ) ..........................................
- G re a t! I'm fre e o n T h u rs d a y .
- Lunch a t 12?
- Perfect. W e ( b e ) ................................................... in to u c h !
I P rz e tu m a c z n a j z y k a n g ie ls k i:
a. W :e m , e w szystko d o b rz e s i s k o c z y .
b. N ast pny film za czyn a si za g o d z in .
C. M c m p o m y s : z a d z w o n im y d o J im a i p jd z ie m y n a d y s k o te k .
d. Jeli m i nie p o m o e s z , ju n ig d y si d o c ie b ie n ie o d e z w .
e. M o i ro d zice z a m ie rz a j k u p i n o w y s a m o c h d .
f- Jutro w ie c z o re m id z ie m y n a k o n c e rt w f ilh a r m o n ii.
9- ! om za m ie rza o tw o rz y w a s n y in te re s ,
h
ajcz ci ko rzysta z p o c z ty e le k tro n ic z n e j. S p jrz !
b a c k fr o m B ru s s e ls o n W e d n e s d a y .
10 11. Czas przyszy Future Continuous

Czas Future C on tin uo us ska d a si z fo rm y cza so w n ika b y " w czasie przyszym , czyli w ill be
oraz im iesow u czasu teraniejszego, czyli czasow nika z k o c w k - in g
(g e ru n d ). Taka sama forma
ob ow izu je dla wszystkich osb.

I w ill b e g o in g to th e s h o p s o o n , d o y o u n e e d a n y th in g ? -
B d n ie d u g o sza d o sklepu,
potrzebujesz czego?
T o m o r ro w a t six, Tom w ill b e a lr e a d y fly in g to N e w Y o rk . - Ju tro o
6 Tom
b d z ie ju le c ia do
N o w e g o Jorku.
W h e n I re tu rn h o m e , m y h u s b a n d w ill b e p r o b a b ly s le e p in g . - K iedy w r c d o d o m u , m j m
bdzie p ra w d o p o d o b n ie spa.
Przeczenie tworzymy, d o d a j c d o w ill sw ko przeczce n o t. P ow szechnie s to s o w a n a jest fo rm a skrcona
w o n 't Pytania zam knite tak / nie w czasie F uture C o n tin u o u s tw orzym y przez in w e rs j tj. przestaw iajc
w ill na pocztek pytania, potem staw iam y p o d m io t, na stp nie b e o ra z cz a s o w n ik z k o c w k -in g ,
na sam ym kocu s d o p e n ie n ia . Pytania otw arte tw orzym y w ten sam sp o s b - d o d a j c na pocztku
pytania zam knitego o d p o w ie d n i zaim ek pytajny: w h a t (co), w h e re (gdzie), w h y (d la c z e g o ), w h o (kto),
how m a n y / m uch (ile) itd.
I w o n 't b e w o rk in g to m o r r o w e v e n in g . - Jutro w ie czo re m nie b d p ra c o w a .
Tom w o n 't b e r e p a irin g his c a r o n his o w n . H e 'll ta k e it to th e lo c a l g a r a g e . - Tom nie bdzie
sam na p ra w ia sam ochodu. O d d a g o d o warsztatu.
W h e r e w ill Tom b e s p e n d in g his h o lid a y ? - G d zie T o m bdzie sp dza w a ka cje ?

H o w lo n g w ill y o u b e u sin g th e b a th ro o m fo r? - Jak d tu g o bdziesz k o a y s to z a z ie n k i?
W h o w ill be c o m in g w ith us? - Kto bdzie z na m i szed?
,om rrow ! - Zies iu" 1 " mi *
r ,
kt
9*
Yes, she w ill. lub N o , she, w o n 't.
o P a r k u j c y c h
t zqow an*ow onych
* - *
- < *
. - i p
jO 1 1.2. Zastosowanie
Czasu
I
'
Futu re C o n tin u o u s uyw am y:
0p,sania
czynnoci, kt ra w p e w n y m m o m e n c ie w przyszoci b dzie w tra k c ie w y k o n y w a n ia :
This time n e x t w e e k , I w ill b e ly in g o n th e b e a c h . - Za tydzie o tej porze b d lee na play.

T o m o rro w
a t 5 o 'c lo c k , T o m w i l l b e w o r k in g .
Ju tro o 5 T o m b dzie p ra c o w a .
On S a tu rd a y a t 10 , w e w ill b e p la y in g te n n is . - W s o b o t o 10 b d zie m y g ra w tenisa.
do opisania czynnoci z a p la n o w a n e j na przyszo (z a m ie n n ie z P r e s e n t C o n t i n u o u s ) :

W hat time w ill y o u r d a d b e a r r iv in g ? - O k t re j przyjedzie tw j ta ta ?
I'll be h a v in g d in n e r w ith
m y fr ie n d s to n ig h t. -
D zi w ie c z o re m zjem o b ia d z p rz y ja c i m i,
(lub I'm h a v in g d in n e r w ith m y fr ie n d s to n ig h t.)
w uprzejmych pytaniach o p la n y z n a jo m y c h , zw aszcza, g d y c h c e m y p o p ro s i o p rzysu g :
W ill you be g o in g s h o p p in g ? I n e e d s o m e s a lt. - Bdziesz sza na zaku py? P o trz e b n a jest m i sl.
W h a t time w ill y o u b e d r iv in g to w o r k ? C o u ld y o u g iv e m e a lift to th e c e n tr e ? - O k t re j
g o d z in ie
bdziesz je c h a d o p ra cy? M oesz m n ie p o d rz u c i d o ce n tru m ?
W ill you be n e e d in g a n y th in g e ls e ? - Czy b dzie pa n p o trz e b o w a jeszcze czeg o?
10 11.3. Porwnanie czasw Future Simple

i Future Continuous
Czas F u tu re S im p le w yraa je d n o ra z o w ,
F u tu re C o n tin o u s o p is u je czy n n o , k t ra
krtk" czynno przysz, o k t re j d e cyd u je m y
bdzie w tra k c ie w y k o n y w a n ia w d a n y m
w momencie m w ienia.
m o m e n c ie przyszoci.
W e w ill h a ve d in n e r w h e n M a r y a r r iv e s .
A r o u n d 7 in th e e v e n in g w e 'l l b e h a v in g
- Kiedy przyjedzie M ary, zjem y o b ia d .
d in n e r so d o n 't c a ll m e th e n .
- O k o o 7 bdziem y je k o la c j , w i c nie
d z w o d o m n ie wtedy.
F u tu re S im p le uywamy w uprzejm ych
F u tu re C o n tin u o u s uyw am y w p y ta n ia c h
probach i pytaniach:
o czyje p la n y, m a j c w d o m y le u p rz e jm
W ill y o u h e lp m e o p e n th e ja r?
p ro b o przysug lu b p o m o c :
Pomozesz mi o d kr ci ten so ik?

W you be so kind a n d ta k e this b a g fo r me?
Bdziesz tak miy j wemiesz ode m nie t torb?
W ill y o u b e s to p p in g a t m y h o u s e
to m o r r o w ? M a y b e y o u c o u ld h e lp m e
m o v e s o m e o f th e fu r n itu r e .
- W p a d n ie s z d o m n ie ju tro ? M o e m g b y m i
p o m c przenie k ilk a m e b li?
W ill y o u b e s e e in g J im ? P le a s e te ll h im to
c a li m e .
- Bdziesz w id z ia si z Jim em ? P ow ied z m u ,
prosz eby d o m n ie z a d z w o n i.
N a p o d s ta w ie ta b e lk i u z d a n ia w czasie Future C ontinuous:
to m o r r o w a t 6
o n S a tu rd a y
This tim e n e x t
m o rn in g
year
prepare for my trip

to Italy
fly to Milan
do sightseeing of
Roman monuments
Tom
watch his favourite

TV series
og in the park
relax on a tropical
beach
M y p a re n ts
have dinner with

their friends
do the shopping at
the supermarket
move to a new
house
Z ro z s y p a n y c h w y r a z w u zdania tw ie rd z c e , p rz e c z e n ia lu b p y ta n ia w czasie
Future Continuous:
a . at the shop / you / call / on your way home / ?
b. not work / at 1 2 / tomorrow / Sue / it be / Sunday / because
c. this time next year / we / move / to our new house / hope / I / that
d. talk / you / to Jim / this week / ?
e. the pupils / next week / not ottend / the spring break / because of / school
f.
to Sarah's wedding / on Sunday at 12 / we / drive
g. a cake / mum / tonight / bake

h. my sister / clean / on Sunday morning / the flat
d to p o c z q lk u jq c y c h z o o w a n s o w a n y c h
10. CZASY
g ZUp e fn ij z d a n ia c z a s o w n i k a m i w F u t u r e S i m p l e l u b F u t u r e C o n t i n u o u s :
a I hope yo u ( h e l p )
g r a n d m a w ith th e s h o p p in g .
b I ca n 't c o m e , ( h e l p ) ....................................... g r a n d m a w ith th e s h o p p in g to m o r r o w .

c W hen d a d c o m e s h o m e , w e ( w a i t ) ..................................... f o r h im w ith d in n e r .
d. I know ! I ( d r iv e ) .....................................th e k id s to s c h o o l a n d y o u ( w a l k ) .....................
e You ( d o ) ...................................... th e d is h e s to m o r r o w . I t 's y o u r tu r n .
f
W h a t (M a ry, d o ) .......................................a lo n e o n a F r id a y e v e n in g ?
g. le t's g o fo r a w a lk . W e ( t a k e ) ...................................... J a n e w ith us.

h........................................ (y o u , c a ll) a t th e p h a r m a c y o n y o u r w a y h o m e ?
i.
I'm n e rv o u s . T o m o r r o w a t n in e , I ( w r i t e ) ....................................... m y e x a m .
W e ( h e lp ) ...................................... y o u c le a n u p a fte r th e p a rty , d o n 't w o rry .
th e d o g .
10.12. Czas Future Perfect

C /o s F u tu r e P e rfe c t tw o rzym y /a p o m o c w ill h a v e o r o / im ie s o w u b ie rn e g o p a s t p a rtic ip le , czyli
t/w
trz e c ie j fo rm y c z a s o w n ik a . ( h a ra kte rystyczn ym p rz y im k ie m d la te g o czasu jest by.

I w i ll h a v e fin is h e d th e p r o je c t b y F r id a y .
T h e f ilm w i ll h a v e fin is h e d b y m id n ig h t.
P roje kt sko cz d o p i tk u .
Film sko czy si prze d p n o c .
T o m w i l l h a v e p a s s e d a ll h is e x a m s b y th e e n d o f n e x t w e e k .
D o k o c a przyszego tygodnia
T o m z d a w szystkie sw o jo o g /a rn in y .
b y i o k re le n ie czasu m o e z n a jd o w a si z a r w n o na p o c z tk u , jak i na k o c u z d a n ia .
P rze cze n ie tw o rzym y, d o d a j c d o w ill s w k o przeczce not. P ow szechnie s to so w a n a jest fo rm o skrcono
w o n 't P yto n io z a m k n i te tak / n ie w czasie F u tu re P e r fe c t tw orzym y przez in w e rsj tj przestawiajc

w ill n a poc ztek p y ta n ia , p o to m s ta w ia m y p o d m io t, n a s t p n ie h a v e o ra z im ie s w , na sam ym kocu sg
d o p e n ie n ia
P ytania o tw a rte tw orzym y w ten sam sp o s b
d o d a j c na p o cztku p y ta n ia zam knitego,
o d p o w ie d n i za im e k lu li przysw ek w h a t (co), w h e r e (gdzie), w h y (d la cze g o ), w h o (kto), h o w m any
/ m u c h (ile) itd.
I w o n 't h a v e fin is h e d th e p r o je c t b y F r id a y .
I h o film w o n 't h a v e fin is h e d b y m id n ig h t.
N ie skocz p ro je k tu d o p i tk u
I ilm nip skoczy si przed p n o c ,
T o m w o n 't h a v e p a s s e d a ll h is e x a m s b y th e e n d o f n e x t w e e k .
Tom mo zda wszystkich
s w o ic h
e g z a m in w d o ko ca przyszego tyg o d n ia .
W h o w ill h a v e fin is h e d th e p r o je c t b y F rid a y ?
W h a t tim e w ill th e film h a v e fin is h e d ?
Kto skoczy p ro je k t d o p i tku ?
Przed kt r skoczy si ilm ?
H o w m a n y tim es w ill John h a v e c a lle d y o u b y no on?
Ile razy John zadzwoni d o ciebie d o poudnia?
( /o s u F u tu re P o r te d uywamy
m
(jo
opisyw a nia
sytuoc ji, gd y
pew no
czynno
zostanie
zakoczono
przed d a n y m
m om entem
w przyszoci, ktry okrelony jest ta p o m o c p rrylm ka b y

By the e n d o f the w e e k , I w ill h a v e fin is h e d this b o o k .
Skocz t ksik d o k o c a tygodnia
I hope I w ill h a v e le a rn e d a ll th o s e ru le s b y th e e n d o f th e w e e k .
M o m na dziej , / naucz si
tych w tu y tlk li h regu d o ko. a tygodnia

d o o p isaniu , ilo razy dano c/yn n o r bdzie pow trzono d o d a n e g o m om entu w przyszoci
I w ill h a v e p h o n e d Jim 10 tim e s b y n o o n .
D o p o u d n ia zadzwoni d o Jima 10 rxuy
T h at b o y w ill h o v e a s k e d m e fo r m y p h o n e n u m b e r 2 0 tim es b e fo re the e n d o f the p o rty

Zanim skoczy li im prezo, len * hopcik 2 0 m /y poprosi o m | num er telefonu.
iouttkj|qcyc.h i ioavon*owat>y*h
dstaw ie ta b e lk i u z d a n ia w c z a s ie F u tu re P e r f e c t :
Na P
finish
c o o k d in n e r
fin ish
this
w ritin g
he r
p a y o ff a ll m y d e b ts
fin d a n e w jo b
thesis
sell th e ir fla t
p re p a re th e pa rty
arrive
Tom and J e n n y
re a d in g
book
send a ll the e -m a ils
Sally
b y n e x t m o n th
b y F r id a y
b y 3 o 'c lo c k
Uzupenij z d a n ia c z a s o w n ik a m i w o d p o w ie d n ie j fo r m ie c z a s u F u t u r e P e r f e c t
o. My parents (d e c id e )............................................. to m o ve to Pozna by the e n d o f this w e e k.

b. I (repay)............................................ the m o n e y by F riday.
c We (deliver)..............................................the p a c k a g e by n o o n .
Mum (p re p a re )
d in n e r fo r 10 p e o p le by
6 o 'c lo c k .
e ' W l.............................................. a ll the p a p e rw o rk by 5 o 'c lo c k .

A/ brother and I (c le a n ).................................................the w h o le ho use by to m o rro w .
3 Amanda (g ra d u a te ).............................................. fro m university by the en d o f June.
h* They (finish).......................... _................. film in g the new Jam es B ond m o v ie by the e n d o f A u g u s t.
The guests (a rriv e )
by
7 o 'c lo c k .
bis autnor (p u b lis h )....................................................................his new b o o k by 1* M a rc h .
i] 'Uzupenij tekst o d p o w ie d n im i c z a s o w n ik a m i w c z a s ie F u t u r e P e r f e c t :
f eturn
pick up
p re p a re
do
a r r iv e
d e c o r a te
VYe
e Qfp u,.
W
ving a surprise birthday party fo r Tim. Everything is carefully planned:

........................................................
bY 12 o'i W l
;l<xk we a ................................... the cake fro m the coke shop. W e
the
shopping ^
200 .
We
c ....................................
snores by 5.00. The guests e .

iurPhse!
the
(lot by 4 .0 0 .
We
b.
d.
by 6 .0 0 . Tom f .....................................h o m e by 6 .3 0 .
"^ .p l
d la p o czq tku jq cych I zo aw on so w on ych
10. 13. 1. Forma twierdzca, przeczenia i pytania

c cos F u tu re
P e rfe c t C o n tin u o u s tw orzym y zo p o m o c q w ill h a v e bee n ......
ta r o in ie js z e g o , e ty k s o w o i k a z k h c d . k , , 9 ( g d l Toko somo ,orm o

d lo wszys Inch o s b b . C h a ra k te ry s ty c z n y m p a y im k ie m d lo , , 9 o czosu ,es, b , W cco si, >,m
c z a s o w n ik i, k t re w y s t p u j z k o c w k -in g . (Patrz: Rozdzia 10 .2 .3 .).
B y F r id a y
I " J u n e , I w ill h a v e b e e n w o r k in g f o r this c o m p a n y fo r fiv e y e a rs . - W piqtek
1 cz e rw c a m in ie 5 la t, o d kied y p ra c u j d la tej firm y.

B y 1 1 o 'c lo c k , T in a w i l l h a v e b e e n u s in g th e b a th ro o m f o r o v e r tw o h o u rs ! - O i l
min dwie
g o d z in y , o d k d T in a korzysta z a zie n ki.
by + o k re le n ie czasu m o e z n a jd o w a si z a r w n o na pocztku, jak i na kocu zdania.

P rze cze n ie tw o rz y m y , d o d a j c d o w ill s w ko przeczce not. Powszechnie stosow ana jest form a skrcona
w o n 't . P yta n ia z a m k n i te ta k / nie w czasie F u tu re P e rfe ct C o n tin u o u s tworzymy przez inwersi

tj. p rz e s ta w ia j c w ill na p o cz te k p yta n ia , potem staw iam y p o d m io t, nastpnie h a v e been oraz
im ie s w z k o c w k - in g , na sam ym kocu s d o p e n ie n ia . Pytania otw arte tworzymy w ten sam sposb
d o d a j c n a p o c z tk u p y ta n ia z a m kn i te g o o d p o w ie d n ie sw ko pytajce: w h a t (co), w h e re (gdzie),
w h y (d la c z e g o ), w h o (kto ), h o w m a n y / m uch (ile) itd.

W i l l T o m h a v e b e e n s tu d y in g M e d ic in e f o r s ix y e a rs b y 2 0 1 0 ? - Czy w 2 0 1 0 minie
6 lai,
od
k ie d y T o m s tu d iu je m edycyn?
Y e s , h e w ill, lu b N o , h e w o n 't .
W h o w ill h a v e b e e n w o r k in g f o r th is c o m p a n y f o r fiv e y e a rs b y June? - Dla kogo w czerwcu
m in ia S la t o d kie d y p ra c u je d la tej firm y?
H o w lo n g w ill T o m h a v e b e e n s tu d y in g M e d ic in e b y 2 0 1 0 ? - Ile la t m inie w 2 0 1 0 roku, od re y
T o m s tu d iu je m edycyn?
10. 13 2. Zastosow anie

D a r t .f l C o n t i n u o u s uywamy d o o p is a n ia a y n n o d , ktra d o okrelonego mome
C L "o T b g d n .
ir w o i p rs e i da ny o k.e s raosu. Z a p o m o c , . .g o a o s u . ok i . r f n d . a a
hove
8 n n nie 6 g o d n a ,
been
p lo y in g
c o m p u ...
gam e
o d kied y m d i b ra , g m g a f k o m p o te m .,.
s i . h o u .s b y
8 V
* *
Uzupenij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n i fo rm c z a s o w n ik w w F u tu re P e r fe c t C o n tin u o u s :
a Danny (s le e p )........................................................................f o r 12 h o u rs by 1 0 o 'c lo c k .
b. It ( r a in ) ....................................................................... n o n -s to p f o r a w ee k by to m o rro w .
c. O u r baby ( c r y ) .......................................................................... fo r th re e h o u rs by 2 o 'c lo c k .
d. James (write)................................................................................ his thesis for over three years by next month.
e. My parents (io o k f o r ) ........................................................................ .... new f|a f f o r sjx m o n th s by F rid a y .
f. Jason (travel) .......................................................................... a c ro s s A s ia f o r th re e m o n th s by M o n d a y .
g. | (le a rn )
S p a n is h fo r tw o years by next F rid a y .
h. The discussion (g o o n ) ........................................................................ f o r th re e h o u rs by 5 o 'c lo c k .
Z ro z s y p a n y c h w y r a z w u z d a n i a w F u tu re P e r f e c t C o n tin u o u s :
a. I / nof study / for three years by June
b. The c o n fe re n c e / last / f o r th re e d a ys by to m o r r o w
U
c. Steve / w o rk / as a fir e m a n / f o r 1 5 ye a rs by 1st M a y
...................................................................................................................................
d. She / no t exercise / fo r th re e h o u rs by
-
8 o 'c lo c k
..........
e. A unt Betty / stay / in h o s p ita l f o r tw o w e e k s by W e d n e s d a y
f. W h o / w o rk o n th is p r o je c t f o r tw o y e a rs by S e p te m b e r?
W y b ie r z p r a w id o w o d p o w i e d :
a They w ill h a v e r e p a i r e d J w i l l h a v e b e e n r e p a i r i n g th e c a r by F rid a y,
b. The m echanic w ill h a v e r e p a ir e d / w ill h a v e b e e n r e p a ir in g the
c
c a r fo r tw o h o u rs by
o 'c lo c k .
1 w ill h a v e le a r n t / w il l h a v e b e e n le a r n in g e v e ry th in g fo r th e test by F rid a y ,
b- I w jll h o v e le a r n t / w i ll h o v e b e e n le a r n in g C h in e s e fo r o v e r a w e e k by F rid a y .
e M u m w ill h o v e b a k e d / w i l l h a v e b e e n b a k in g e v e ry th in g f o r th e p a rty by F rid a y.
f
M u m w ill h a v e c o o k e d / w i l l h a v e b e e n c o o k in g fo r o v e r a n h o u r by 3 o 'c lo c k .
9 The w o rke rs w ill h a v e p o in t e d
w ill h a v e b e e n
p a in t in g th e w h o le h o u s e b y to m o r r o w
a fte rn o o n ,
b The workers w ill h a v e p o in t e d / w ill h o v e b e e n p a in t in g th e h o u s e fo r tw o h o u rs by 4 o 'c lo c k .
i u. 14. Czasy - wiczenia podsumowujce

w ic z e n ia
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w i e d n i f o r m c z a s o w n ik a :
a . H o w lo n g ................................. (y o u , w o rk ) as a te a c h e r? - I ................................ (w ort<) os g ,
f o r o v e r 1 5 ye a rs n o w .
b . W h e n I .................................. (a rrive ) a t th e p a rty , a ll th e f o o d ................................ (a lread y / eat).
c.
I ...................................(a lw a y s / w a n t) to live in N e w Y o rk .
d . T h e s tu d e n ts ...................................
(chat) lo u d ly , w h e n th e te a c h e r .................................
(enter) the
c la s s ro o m .
e - T o m ................................. (re c o m m e n d ) us th e film h e .................................. (see) som e tim e a g o at the
c in e m a .
f.
I t ................................. (be) a b e a u tifu l d a y . The su n .................................. (shine), i t ..............................

be) w a rm . S o w e ................................... (go) fo r a p ic n ic .
g . T h e y ................................. (finish) b u ild in g th e n e w s ta d iu m next m o n th .

h . T h is tim e to m o r r o w I ................................... (fly) to R om e.
1.
O n ^ u e s d a y i ................................... (have) lu n c h w ith m y boss, o n W e d n e s d a y I ............................

h a v e ) c m e e tin g w ith M r J a c k s o n , so w e c o n s c h e d u le a n a p p o in tm e n t fo r Thursday.
I-
I .................................. (n e v e r / be] to L o n d o n . I o n ly .................................. (go) to S cotland with my

p a re^*s la s t s u m m e r. W e ................................. (fly) d ire c tly to E d in b u rg h a n d v / e ........................ .
stay th e re f o r 2 w ee ks. I t ................................. (be) a b e a u tifu l city.
U z u p e n ij d i a lo g o d p o w ie d n im i fo r m a m i c z a s o w n ik w :
- H e llo , J im ? It's ,*4ark.

- H i M a r k ! H a w a re yo u ?
- N o t b e d . A nd you? W h a t a
(y o u , be) u p to these days?
- N o th in g s p e d o i. W o rk , fa m ily . .
. Yoc b.
H o w a b o u t yo u ?
.........................(n o t b e lie v e ) iff c ............................. (just / re tu rn ) fro m a trip a ro u n d the world
- W o w ! Im p re s s iv e ! Y o u m u s t te ll m e a ll a b o u t it.
. W e ll..
First w e d ............................ (d riv e ) a c ro s s Aso in 4 * 4 s . In N o rth A m e ric a w e e .........................irer'
m o to rc y c le s and f ............................. (rid e) th e fa m o u s R o u te

(tra v e l; d o w n th e A m a z o n a n d
finally
66
In S outh A m e ric a we g .
w e h ............................ (soil) across the A tto n t.c an d up n
........................... (re
tu rn ) to E n9g ._
la n d o n bicycles: we
th e
e cc o
oa
a sts
s ts o
o tf /Avfric
a .. W
e i...........................
a lo n g th
nco
rv e
---------------------(c y c le fr o m S*c>fy# a c ro s s th e AJps a n d s tra ig h t to L o n d o n . W h ile w e k ............................ (camp) n
F ra n c e , s o m e b o d y I .............................. (s te a l) o u r b ic y c le s a n d w e m
(have) to buy new
o n e s . O u r np n ............................. (be) fu ll o f a d v e n tu re s .
- O b , I b e t. I w o n t to h e a r o il a b o u t it. '//h e n c a n w e m e e t?
- W e il, o n S a tu rd a y I o ........................
- P e rfe c t, ft p ..............................
(vis-t) m y fa m ily , s o ...
Sunday maybe?
............... (see) you. r.
!b e ) yea rs u n c e I lo s t q . ..
{I, recognise) you?

- Y o u s u re w'H. I h o v e th e d a rk e s t s u n to n e ve r
th a t w ill lo s t fo r centuries.
10 . CZASY
Wybierz p r a w id o w o d p o w ie d :
How long . . . . i n
0 .
b
d id y o u
J a n e is t h e
B r is to l?
b. have you lived
liv e
m o s t b e a u tifu l
a. have m e t
d.
girl I .... in my whole life.
b. met
at 7, don't be late,
b. starts
is s t a r t i n g
I hope
a.
e.
....
The p e rfo rm a n c e
a.
- For 5 years now.
i t ....
is n 't g o i n g
W h ile
I ....
I want to go on a picnic,
to d a y ,
to
b. isn't raining
r a in
th ro u g h
th e
park, I saw a strange-looking man.

b. was walking
a . w a lk e d
f.
a.
g.
....
A fte r I
had
W hen
a.
th e
k id s
to school
went back to bed and fell asleep again,

b. have walked
w a lk e d
I .... the flat, my husband was lying on the sofa and reading a book,
b. was cleaning
c le a n e d
h. When .... Mary? - Last Friday.

a.
d id
you last seen
b. have you last seen
i. We .... our wedding invitations yet.

j.
sent
b. didn't send
a.
h a v e n 't
I 'm
sure I .... this project by Friday.
a.
w ill h a v e
finished
b. will be finishing
U zupenij z d a n ia c z a s o w n ik a m i w o d p o w ie d n ie j fo rm ie :
study
be
p re p a re
w o rk
lo se
w a tch
in te r r u p t
have
fin is h
le a v e
0 - John.................................................................. (always) me when I'm watching my favourite soap.
b. I'm tired, I ................................................................... my project all night.

c.
d.
e.
We
painting the house by Friday.
The train to Liverpool................................................................ at 5.

W e ...................................................................guests on Saturday for dinner.
f. Last year I .................................................................. all summer for my final exam in September.

9- * .................................................................(never) in ,ove with anybody before I met my future husband
h. When I entered my flat I realised that I ..................................................................... briefcase.
L We
(already) 5 movies at the cinema this month.
I* MY d a d .................................................................. as 0 Posman for 20 years, but he retired last month.
1 1 . Czasowniki mocalne
Modal verbs
z a s o w n i i m o a ln e w jzyku a n g ie ls k im to ca n / co u ld , m a y / m ig h t, m u st (m u s tn 't), w ill / would
s ou
o ra z o u g h t to. C e c h charakterystyczn wszystkich czasow nikw m o d a ln ych jest fakt, e majq
one
w ie le zn a cz e , czasem p o d o b n y c h , i uywane s w w ielu o d m ie n n ych kontekstach. Z w izane s z wyraaniem

m o liw o c i, u m ie j tn o c i, ycze, p r b , zakazw lu b nakazw . M a j take kilka innych cech wsplnych:
w y s t p u je p o n ic h c z a s o w n ik w fo rm ie b e z o k o lic z n ik a , czyli sw ka to (tzw. b a re Infinitive).
W y j tk ie m jest
ought o:
Y o u c a n s w im . - U m ie sz pfyw a.
T h e k id s m u s t b e q u ie t. - D zieci m usz by cich o .
Y o u m a y o p e n th e w in d o w .
M oesz otw orzy o k n o .
D a v e o u g h t to b e m o r e p o lite . - D ave p o w in ie n by ba rd zie j uprzejmy.
d la w szystkich o s b m a j tylko je d n , ta k sam fo rm , nie w y m a g a j adnych kocw ek:

Y o u c a n d a n c e w e ll.
Potrafisz d o b rze taczy.
H e s a n d a n c e w e ll. - O n p o tra fi d o b rze taczy.

T h e y gn d a n c e w e ll.
O n i p o tra fi d o brze taczy.
n ie w y m a g a j uycia a d n y c h c za so w n ik w p o s ik o w y c h . W przeczeniach d o d a je m y d o nich stwko
not,
a w
p y ta n ia c h sto su je m y inw ersj. P oszczeglne fo rm y zostan o m w io n e w rozdziaach
p o w i c o n y c h k o n k re tn y m cza so w n iko m :
Y o u s h o u ld n 't (s h o u ld n o t) g o th e re . - N ie p o w in n a ta m i.
T o m c o u ld n 't ( c o u ld n o t) h e a r y o u . - Tom ci n ie sysza.
M a y I o f f e r y o u a c u p o f te a ? - Czy m o g z a p ro p o n o w a ci fili a n k herbaty?
S h o u ld I g o to th e d o c to r ? - Czy p o w in n a m i d o lekarza?
m m o g w yst p o w a w fo rm ie c o n tin u o u s , czyli b e + czaso w nik z -in g :

| s h o u ld b e g o in g n o w .
P ow inn am ju i.
H e m u s t b e s w im m in g n o w .
S h e m a y b e s le e p in g .
M u si teraz pyw a. (N a p e w n o teraz pyw a.)
O n a m oe teraz spa. (P ra w d o p o d o b n ie teraz pi.)
/ufalnv c a n (forma czasu przeszego c o u ld ) uywany jest niej opisanych kontekstach.
Do w y ra e n ia u m ie j tn o c i
9 ' -an speak S panish. - U m ie m m w i p o hiszpasku.

Tom can ride a ho rse. - Tom u m ie jedzi k o n n o .
Mary and Jenny ca n sin g b e a u t if u lly . - M a ry i Jenny p o tra fi p i knie piew a.
Can you sing? - Czy umiesz piew a?
W pieczeniach stosowana jest forma c a n 't (c a n 4 n o t ) lub c a n n o t :

I can't / cannot s p e a k S p a n is h . - N ie u m ie m m w i po hiszpasku.
Tom can 't ride a h o rs e . - Tom n ie um ie jedzi k o n n o .
Mary and Jenny c a n n o t sin g a t a ll. - M a ry i Jenny w ca le n ie p o tra fi piew a.
Wodniesieniu do przeszoci moe by uyw ana fo rm a c o u ld lu b w yraenie b e (w a s / w e r e ) a b l e t o

ovc w stanie co zrobi). C o u ld w yraa o g ln e u m ie j tn o c i, n a to m ia st b e a b l e t o o d n o s i si d o
.konkretnej sytuacji. Ponadto c o u l d czciej czy si z ta k im i czaso w nikam i jak: s e e , h e a r , s m e l l ,
taste, fe e l, r e m e m b e r , u n d e r s t a n d .
I could ride a horse w h e n I w a s a c h ild . - Ja k o dziecko p o tra fia m jedzi ko n n o .
Tom could p la y ten nis v e r y w e ll w h e n he w a s y o u n g e r . - Tom w ietnie g ra w ten isa, kiedy by
modszy.
When the a c c id e n t h a p p e n e d , I w a s a b le to h e lp th e in ju r e d p e o p le . - Kiedy zdarzy si w yp a d e k,
byam w stanie pomc rannym.

Because o f the tra ffic ja m , I w a s n 't a b le to g e t to th e m e e tin g o n tim e . - Z p o w o d u k o rk w nie
mogam dotrze na spotkanie na czas.
Wyraenie b e a b le t o zastpuje c a n / c o u ld w e wszystkich pozostaych czasach (o p r cz P r e s e n t

S im ple i P a st S im p le ) , po n ie w a ten czasow nik m o d a n y n ie tworzy form adnych innych czasw :
1 hope
I w ill be a b le to c o m e to th e p a r ty o n F rid a y . - M a m nadziej, e bd m o g a i w p i te k
no im p r e z .
So far, w e h a v e n 't b e e n a b le to d ia g n o s e th e p a tie n t. -
Dotychczas nie bylim y w stanie
âgnozow a pacjenta.
"0 p o e n i m o liw o c i uywane s zarw no czasow nik c a n , jak i c o u ld . Form a przesza ( c o u ld )

Mniejszo stopie p ra w d o p o d o b ie stw a w ydarzenia, o ktrym m ow a.
Someone s a t the d o o r . It c o u ld b e M a r k . - Kto dzw oni d o drzw i. To m oe by M a rk .
ays in G re e c e c a n / c o u ld b e fu n ! - W a k a c je w G re c ji m o g / m o gyby by fa jn e !
W od
niesieniu do przeszoci uywamy zwrotu c o u ld 4- h a v e 4 trz e c ia fo r m a c z a s o w n ik a :
' y u c u ld h a ve k ille d y o u rs e lf o n th a t m o to rb ik e ! - Sam , m oga si zabi na tym m otorze!
wied**^0^
CQn#* rno^no wyrazi zdecydowany brak moliwoci, ktry jest poparty jak dodatkow
So
roeone s a t the d o o r. It c a n 't b e M a r k ! H e 's in V ie n n a n o w . - Kto dzw oni d o drzw i To nip
"*** by Mark! O n jest teraz w W ie d n iu .

fc^ykioboe pi
d lo p o c z q tk u jq c y c h j z o a w a n s o w a n y c h
~ 247
W IE L K A G R A M A T Y K A JZYKA A N G IE LSK IE G O
D o p y ta n ia o p o z w o l e n ie , w y ra e n ia p o z w o le n ia lu b zaka zu. Uycie c o u ld

*
u p rz e jm e :
zam .cst c a n jest bardzie.
M u m , c a n I g o t o th e c in e m a ? - M a m o , m o g i d o k in a ?
Y e s , y o u c a n g o t o t h e c in e m a , b u t d o n 't b e la te . - T a k, moesz i d o kina ole
pno.
'
wrac!
C a n / C o u ld I u s e y o u r p h o n e ? - C zy m o g / m g b y m skorzysta z tw o je g o telefonu?
I c o u ld le n d y o u s o m e m o n e y , b u t I h a v e to a s k J im firs t. - M o g a b y m poyczy ci troch pienidzy
a le m u sz n a jp ie rw z a p y ta J im a .
S o r r y , y o u c a n 't c o m e in . - P rzykro m i, nie m oesz w ej.
J e n n y , y o u c a n 't w e a r a ll t h a t m a k e -u p , y o u 'r e to o y o u n g . - Jenny, nie w olno ci robi takiego
m a k ija u , jeste za m o d a .
D o w y ra e n ia p r o b y s to s u je m y z a r w n o c a n , ja k i grzeczniejsze c o u ld :
C a n / C o u ld y o u h e lp m e ?
C zy m oesz / m g b y m i p o m c ?
C o u ld y o u le n d m e s o m e m o n e y ? - Czy m g b y poyczy m i tro ch pienidzy?
D o w y ra e n ie s u g e s tii:
C a n / C o u ld w e g o to th e c in e m a to n ig h t? - M o e m o g lib y m y i w ieczorem do kina?
O fe r u j c p o m o c :
C o u ld I c a r r y y o u r b a g ? - C zy m o g p o n ie tw o j to rb ?
I c o u ld lo o k a f t e r th e k id s t o n ig h t . - M o g a b y m dzi w ie czo re m zaj si dziem i.
WICZENIA
N a p o d s t a w ie t a b e li n a p is z z d a n ia o u m ie j tn o c ia c h (lu b ic h b r a k u ) p o n i s z y c h
in th e p a s t
now
S a lly
Ted
You?
rid e a m o to rb ik e
skate
rid e a horse
s in g
speak som e
swim
dance
sing
.....................................
a . S ally . .....................................
14*
b. Ted ..
c.
1 ........
'
.................................... H i *'#****111
............ ........... .
....................................
.................. .................
French
osob
11. C Z A S O W N IK I M O D A LN E
Zamie zdania na p rz e c z e n ia :
G
Jenny c a n
c o m e
| c a n le n d
yo u
Tom
can
to
m y
t h is
A s a c h ild ,
I c o u ld
g o
g. Y o u c a n
c a r.
u n d e rs ta n d
I can o p e n
| c o u ld
o u r p a rty .
to
J a p a n e s e .
b o x.
th e
r id e
p a rty .
use
m y
p h o n e .
h.
B o w lin g c a n
be
fu n .
It c o u l d
have
It c o u l d
b e th e
b e e n
a.
I lo s t
th e
T om
p iz z a
Uzupenij z d a n ia
r o lle r s k a te s .
o n
th e
p h o n e .
d e liv e r y .
czasownikiem
k e y y e s te rd a y
c a n , could
lub b e a b le o w odpowiedniej formie:
so I (n o t o p e n ) ........................................................ the d o o r.
b. M u m ,..........................................................(1/ w ear) y o u r red dress to n ig h t? I'm g o in g o u t w ith Billy.

c.
When I entered the ro o m , I ( fe e l) .......................................................... there w as s o m e b o d y else inside.
d.
I w oke
e.
f.
I o s k e d everybody, b u t o n ly H e le n ( le n d ) .......................................................... m e so m e m oney.
g.
M a y b e
(not
up
re a c h )
.......................................................... the b o o k on the to p shelf, so M a rk h e lp e d m e.
..........................................................(we, go) to a re sta u ra n t to n ig h t? It's o n m e!
h. When I w
on th a t sun ny m o rn in g a n d I ( fe e l) ........................................................ sp rin g in the a ir.
as
a little g irl I (kn it a n d s e w ) ........................................................ - my g ra n d m a ta u g h t m e.
i.
Jason
( p la y )
j.
It
too dark - I (not re c o g n is e ) ............................................................................................. w h o was s ta n d in g a t the g a te .
w as
the p ia n o very w ell
he's really ta le n te d .
U zupenij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n i fo r m w y r a e n ia b e a b /e to :
o. I hope I (come).................................................................... to the party on Friday.
b. Jane (never, w in )......................................................................at Scrabble against me.

c. I (always, persuade) ................................................................... mY husband Tom to agree with my ideas.
d
(you, drive) me to the airport tomorrow?
e- ^ I finish my project on time, I (take)...................................................................a *ew days off from work.

f- Before the accident happened I (d o )................................................................... 0,1 kinds of sPorts.
9- I'm sorry, but I (not co m e )..................................................................... to the m e e tin g with us.

h- Because of their working hours, my parents (not g o ).................................................................... on holidays
together for ages. My dad's a doctor and my mum's a nurse.
Ill i
'.Ut t't
h t
11,
, I J/ / 1 /> / , 4
V /" *
'/
'/ V ,
/ ' V * V , V///. j ' , / ' / /
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f t ' s * 4/, ' X V 1-'/ "*/ - *"/ y 7 ' / s ' v ' f y
i >''#4 *'
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\ / / V $ V/ -5/,' ^
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k-A
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z V *. y / ^ l / y
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V , / z ,* / , y
f //V z 3
A.
*" {t* ***>

V v * / * V
' *V - '
'
^ "
May,
m ig th
jit rnodany m ay (forma czasu przeszego to m ig h t) uywany jest w poniszych kontekstach.

wyraenia p r a w d o p o d o b ie s tw a i p r z y p u s z c z e . M a y i forma przesza m ig h t mogq by
*
,vane zamiennie, tyle e m ig h t wyraa mniejsze prawdopodobiestwo wydarzenia, o ktrym

m owo-
Przeczenie tworzymy dodajc do m a y swko n o t, m ig h t 4- n o t ma form skrcon m ig h tn 't, lecz

nie jest ona zbyt powszechna.
W here's Tom? H e m a y b e a t h o m e o r h e m ig h t still b e a t w o r k . - G d z ie jest T o m ? M o e by
w domu lub moe na d a l by w pracy.
Tom may / m ig h t still b e w o r k in g .
Tom m oe n a d a l p ra c o w a .
Jane may / m ig h t b e fe e lin g tir e d a ft e r this m o r n in g 's te n n is p r a c tic e . - Jane m oe czu si

zmczona po porannym tre n in g u tenisa.
W odniesieniu do przeszoci uywana jest forma m a y / m ig h t 4 h ave 4 trz e c ia fo r m a c z a s o w n ik a :

He m ay have a lr e a d y s o ld th e h o u s e , b u t I'm n o t su re . - M g ju sprzeda d o m , a le nie jestem
pewno.
Josh m ay /
m ig h t h a v e a lr e a d y t o ld
his w ife th e tru th . - Josh m g ju p o w ie d z ie o n ie
prowd.
Do wyraania p r a w d o p o d o b ie s tw a i m o liw o c i w przyszoci. M a y i m ig h t m o g by uyw ane
z a m ie n n ie .
I might g o to the c in e m a w ith y o u . - M o e p jd z w a m i d o kina.

Tom m ight n o t c o m e w ith us, h e h a s a lo t o f w o r k to d o . - Tom m oe z n a m i nie p j , m a d u o
pracy.
It m ay ra in to m o r r o w . - Jutro m oe p a d a .
Dinner m ay n o t b e r e a d y y e t. - O b ia d m oe nie by jeszcze go tow y.
M ig h t uywane jest tylko w p rzyp a d ku , gdy m o w a o sytuacji n ie re a ln e j:

If I had en o u g h m o n e y , I m ig h t b u y a h o u s e . - G dybym m ia a pienidze, k u p ia b y m d o m . (ale nie
mam)
W fym kontekcie m oliw a jest r w n ie fo rm a c o n tin u o u s :

* w a y be fly in g to M a d r id to m o r r o w . - M oe p o le c ju tro d o M a d rytu ,
fa m m ight be jo in in g us f o r d in n e r . - M o e Tom do czy d o nas na k o la c j .
I
|
PytQnia o p o z w o le n ie , w yraenia p o zw o le n ia lu b zakazu, ale tylko w o d n ie s ie n iu d o teraniejszoci

Job przyszoci. Uycie m a y su g e ru je , e to czy m oem y co z ro b i jest zalene o d jakiej siy zew ntrznej.
q q "ypow iedzi bardzo grzeczne lub / i b a rd zo fo rm a ln e :
^ y I p a rk here?
Czy m o g tutaj zap arko w a?
es' y u m a y o p e n the w in d o w .
Tak, moesz otw o rzy o kn o .
Th0U m ay n o t sm o ke in h e re . - T utaj nie moesz pa li.
6 kds
ma y n o t p la y h e re . - D zie cio m nie w o ln o si tu ta j ba w i.
^ ^ . o b c e pl
,,
L .
,
dla poczqtkuiqcycb i *aowan*LQwonyCh
~25T
GRAMATYKA JZYKA ANO in .-...

WIELKA
fw czasach P e rfect, P a s t o ra z F u tu r ), zamiast
do
uu yw
yw a
a nne
e
' ( L d pojw olonw ). M M O - * * * *
i* *
jest w yraenie
y ra e n ie D
be O
u i.l ~ * -----
cou
/ c o u ld n 't.
--lda llo
I hopefI|irxwi_<ill-
be
w e d to com e to th e party. - Mam nadziej, e bd m o g a i na mDr
I w ill be allowed to come to tn e p u ,,7.
'*1) e n fe r the
ro o m . - Nie
pozwolono
e j d
ju .
^
't allowed to ( couldn't
the room.
N ie p
o z w o lo n o mi
mi w
wej
d oo pp oo kk oo ju
I wasn n e ve r b e en allowed to take part in fam ily d iscu ssio n s. - Nigdy n ie byl 0 mi wolno
c z a s o w n ik a
| have never
|
W IC Z E N IA _______
Q
Z a d a j p y ta n ia , u y w a j c may:
a.
I w o u ld
lik e
to
u s e th e
b.
I w o u ld
lik e
to s m o k e .
c.
I w o u ld
lik e t o a s k y o u
d.
I w o u ld
lik e t o
le a v e
p h o ne .
a q u e s tio n .
e a r lie r .
e. I would like to use your pen.

f.
I w o u ld
lik e
a g la s s o f w a t e r .
g.
I w o u ld
lik e t o
h.
I w o u ld
lik e
o ffe r y o u
to s p e a k
s o m e th in g
to
you
in
to
d r in k .
p r iv a te .
Zam ie z d a n ia , u y w a j c might:
a.
P e r h a p s th is m a n
b.
P e rh a p s J o h n
c.
P e rh a p s th e y k n o w
d.
P e rh a p s J a n e
is J e n n y ' s
is w a i t i n g
b ro th e r.
fo r u s a t h o m e .
w h ic h
h a s P h ilip 's
b u s to
p h o n e
ta k e .
n u m b e r.
e. Perhaps it is a mistake.
f.
P e r h a p s J a n e is h a v i n g
g.
P e rh a p s m u m
is
still
d o in g
b a th .
the shopping.
h. Perhaps Jane isn't feeling well.
y * n^
Where is Paul?
a. go shop
b. repair car in the garage
Where was Paul?
C. be asleep
d. watch TV
Where is my umbrella?
e. leave it on the bus
f. be ot your office
..................
Why didn't Tom answer the phone?

g. take a sho>wer
'
h. steep
11. CZASOWNIKI MODALNE
Zam ie z d a n ia i p y ta n ia u y w a j c m a y :
o. Am I allowed to le a v e e a r lie r ?
b.
Y o u a re n o t a llo w e d to le a v e e a rlie r.
c. S tudents a re n o t a llo w e d t o use th e lib r a r y o n S a tu rd a y s .
d. C h ild re n a re o n ly a llo w e d to p la y in th e p la y g r o u n d u n til 5 o 'c lo c k .
e. A re a ll s tu d e n ts a llo w e d t o a p p ly f o r th is s c h o la rs h ip ?
f.
Y o u a re a llo w e d to in v ite frie n d s h o m e w h e n e v e r y o u w a n t.
g. Y o u a re n o t a llo w e d to s p e a k w ith o u t p e rm is s io n .
h. C h ild r e n a re n o t a llo w e d t o s w im in th e s w im m in g p o o l.
U z u p e n ij z d a n i a o d p o w i e d n i f o r m w y r a e n i a b e a l l o w e d t o :
a.
1 hope
I (s p e n d ) ............................................ th e s u m m e r w ith m y frie n d s ,
b .................................................. (y o u , g o ) a w a y f o r th e w e e k e n d w ith m e ?
c. J im ( u s e ) .............................................. d a d 's c a r u n til h e p r o v e d h e w a s a n e x c e lle n t d r iv e r
d . T h e k id s ( p la y )
in th e g a r d e n la s t w e e k e n d b e c a u s e th e w e a th e r w a s n ic e .
/ / h e n z/e g o to th e m o u n ta in s , y o u (ski) .............................................. o n y o u r o w n
I (never, listen)
to grown-ups talking.
M u * lt l u t Vt lo
I b tijiuhi
h | | l / | ' l l I p i i V |l(H II
I /
.. i
H w
i,
|<ik>|W
*K f lM m \ i * f
M I f ! / M IW M
' I t - ,,
l-U I O fllt
-il o i u I m
-I
-I I
- i i i 1/ i '
' lt | -( m u , II
i" '
n iH H i 'lu ll'
n t-i
I'
"
..............
-
, | , ..................... (
.i,.
(|,l h ,
lilt'll'
Iv
"
tl t^ - ,|'it|- |H |* :-.|n iw tt u||iv,4 . - t f - i m p
i(
I
I/1" !" ' 't'lll' I'M*- 'MIIIH iN lllH flW M ll't *v>MHI||9 wil^vMMim
i). I ' -
i* (.......
I 1' Mil I III M ' *M ' M|l' -- t|t"H
l i l i l l l - l t o . -,| V. .'W||. Im MU l l ' W Mi
\\s\m
M - Mp l i
tv.M|, ...
m m tHi
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< !|im !m < l N I H * l
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Iftftft
VhH HU i ||MV* f* "'l lilii l" " HvW I* i limu I H *||\ V'vVHHM iH l
N,'; WA** ;v'
I *|f.ii|i |iw|ti."-'.'M (|i| f '* H i'i i " 1 ' -(i "-'V i'Vltt
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V '1 H ' \V'I\
I | | | m i | t II { jjn W H m i M
M i i i m in i l l i l i i i H i\(i mmn
i | | M y * l u i w' ' m* , l
\ v( \\' i Vi\\"
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s "'Ax'
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V v %' iv
11. C Z A S O W N IK I M O D A L N E
, c d /y m u s t ' H a v e to dotyczy tylko zda tw iordzqcych, N ie

^ "
dotyczy przecze a n i pyta,
,, m u s t w ni< h i)io w ystpuje / ustpuje g o w tedy h a v e to , ktro zachow uje su;jak n o rm a ln y
l wymaga uycia c zasow m ka p o s ik o w e g o , a w tr/ocoj oso bie li< /b y pojedynczej w czasie

âsowniK
i
sent S im p le zmienia si w h a s to .
don't hm'6 1 9 o sc*1 0 0 ^ l o m o r r o w / '* s a n a tio n a l h o lid a y .
N ie musz i ju tro d o szkoy,
10S,*wi<to narodowe,
H o
h a s
to be there.
M usi tam by.
Po you have to be a t the s ta tio n a t six?
Musisz by na stacji o
6?
pocs M ary have to p r e p a r e h e r p re s e n ta tio n f o r to m o r r o w ?
Czy M a ry m usi przygotow a
prezentacj na utro?
Tom doesn't have to c o m m u te to w o r k , b e c a u s e he liv e s in th e c ity c e n tre ,
lo m nie m usi
dojeda do pracy, poniew a m ieszka w centrum .

Have to stosowane jest we wszystkie h </a s a c h i lo rm a c h , m u st o d n o si si tylko d o teraniejszoci.
Did you have to a tte n d th a t s tu p id tr a in in g session?
M u sia a uczestniczy w tym g u p im
szkoleniu?
I hope I w o n 't h a ve to d o th a t.
M a m nadziej, e nie !>d m u sia te g o robi.
WICZENIA
Q
Dokohcz z d a n ia u z y w a jq c m u s t i o d p o w ie d n ie g o z w r o tu :
take a p a in k ille r
g o to b e d
have
a snack
buy a new dress
h u rry u p
r e a d it
m e e t a g a in
d o th e la u n d r y
a. I'm tired. I .....................................................................................................

b. f have nothing clean to wear. I ......................................................................................................
c. It's a great book. You......................................................................................................
d. I have a terrible headache. I ......................................................................................................
' I* was wonderful to see you! W e ................................................................................ ...................soon.
^ I ............................................................................................. I c a n 't w ear this o ld on e lo r Jim 's party.
9 I'm starving. I ......................................................................................................

h We'll be late. W e ......................................................................................................
U zd a n ia d o ty c z q c e s z k o y , u y w a jq c h a v e t o :
ln my school.
a students
wear uniform s
b students - be quiet d u rin g the lessons

j he teacher - praise the students
f
ihe teac her
be patient a n d u n derstan ding
,,vmyi>ody
students - d o their h o m e w o rk
jf students
ûdnnts
keep the classroom clean
not bring all their b o o ks to school every cloy

com e to school o n tim e
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n ie j fo r m q h a v e to :
a ........................................................ (I, d is c u s s ) m y p r o je c ts w ith y o u ?
b . W e (n o t g o ) ...................................................... to th a t s tu p id tr a in in g s e s s io n to m o rro w .
c . | ( w a l k ) ...................................................... th e d o g y e s te rd a y b e c a u s e m y b r o th e r is sick.
d . A s a c h ild , I (ta k e c a r e ) ...................................................... o f m y little b r o th e r a n d sisters.
e ........................................................ (y o u , be ) h o m e b y m id n ig h t ?
f ..........................................................(I, a p p ly ) fo r s p e c ia l p e r m is s io n to r id e th a t m o to rb ik e ?
g . W h e n m y d e b it c a r d w a s s to le n I ( g o ) ....................................................... to th e b a n k a n d get it blocked
h. W h y
(y o u , c h a n g e ) y o u r h o lid a y p la n s f o r th is y e a r?
U z d a n i a z m u s t w o d p o w i e d n i e j f o r m ie :
a . I'm su re T o m w ill pa ss th e e x a m .
b . I'm s u re B ill h a s a lr e a d y b o o k e d a ta b le f o r us.
c.
I'm su re D ia n e d id n 't d o su c h a c ru e l th in g .
I'm s u re B o b w a s n e rv o u s b e fo re fly in g fo r th e firs t tim e .
e . I'm su re S a n d ra d id n 't d o th a t e x e rc is e o n h e r o w n .
f.
I'm su re M r S im p s o n lo v e d his w ife d e e p ly .
g . I'm su re y o u re a d th a t b o o k ! E v e ry b o d y d id !
h. I'm s u re T im d id n 't ta k e y o u r p e n . I d id !
U z d a n ia z r o z s y p a n y c h w y r a z w , u y j c z a s o w n i k w w o d p o w i e d n i e j fo rm ie :
a
y e s te rd a y / I / to w o rk / n o t h a v e to g o
b . a ll w e e k e n d / h a v e to c h e c k / th e te a c h e r / th e tests
c . th a t film / y o u / a b s o lu te ly / see / m u st
d
a n irre s p o n s ib le / Jim / n o t h a v e d o n e / th in g / s u c h
e- t o h o s p ita l / n o t h a v e to ta k e / th e in ju re d m a n
f.
s in c e / g la sse s / I / be fiv e / I / h a ve to w e a r
g . w h a t / h a v e to d o / I / p e rm is s io n / to g e t
h. these pills / I / every d a y / h a ve to ta ke / exercise / a n d / d o
C Z A S O W N IK I MODALNE
| need
to go home.
- M u sz i d o d o m u .
Po you n e ed to g o h o m e ? - M u sisz i d o d o m u ?
Job czasownik m o d a ln y n e e d z a c h o w u je w szystkie cechy ta k ic h czasow nikw :

| need ask J e n n y f o r h e r o p in io n . - M u sz zap yta Jenny o zdanie.
Need I d o o v e rtim e ? - C zy m u sz zo sta p o g o d z in a c h ?
Wformie pytajcej nie w yst p u je je d n a k zbyt czsto. B ard ziej pow szechna jest jego fo rm a przeczca, czyli
needn't - oznacza o n a b ra k k o n ie c z n o c i, p o d o b n ie ja k n o t h a v e to.
You n e e d n 't w o r k o v e r tim e . - N ie m usisz p ra c o w a p o g o dzina ch,
You n e e d n 't w o r k o n S a t u r d a y . - N ie m usisz p ra c o w a w sobot.
They n e e d n 't le n d h im th e m o n e y . - N ie m usz poycza m u pienidzy.
Tom n e e d n 't h e lp m e . - T o m n ie m u si m i p o m a g a .
You n e e d n 't ta k e a n u m b r e lla - it 's s u n n y ! - N ie musisz bra p a ra so la , jest sonecznie!
'V odniesieniu d o przeszoci u y w a m y n e e d n ^ t *f h a v e -+- tr z e c ia fo r m a c z a s o w n ik a :

You n e e d n 't h a v e c a lle d f o r th e a m b u la n c e - it w a s just a b ru is e . - N iepo trze bnie zadzw onie
po karetk - to by ty lk o s in ia k .
You n e e d n 't h a v e c le a n e d t h e f lo o r , it 's d ir t y a g a in a lr e a d y . - N ie m usiaa my p o d o g i, uz
1tok jest
U* 9 a !
b ru d n a .
You must...
M usisz ...
Y o u h a v e t o ...
M usisz ...
Y o u d o n 't h a v e t o ...
N ie musisz ...
You n e e d n 't...
You mustn't ...
You needn't have done
N ie musisz ...
N ie w o ln o ci ..
N ie p o trz e b n ie co z ro b ia ...
W I E L K A G R A M A T Y K A J Z Y K A A N G IE L S K IE G O
WICZENIA
p s z z a k a z y d o t y c z q c e s z k o y , u i y w a j q c m ustn 't:
At school
a . sm oke
b . ru n in th e c o rrid o rs
c.
p la y w ith m o b ile p h o n e s d u rin g classes
..........
d . e a t d u rin g classes
e . lig h t w ith cla ssm a te s
f.
b e ru d e to te a ch e rs
g . w rite o n desks
h. ta lk w h e n th e te a c h e r is ta lk in g ..................... .................................................................................
N a p is z z d a n ia z m ust n a p o d s ta w ie n a p is w :
a . N O S M O K IN G
b . D O N 'T FEED THE A N IM A L S
..................................................
............................. ......................................................................
c. SPEED LIM IT 3 0 M P H ..........................................................................................................................

d . N O PHOTOGRAPHS
....................................................................................................
e . N O LEFT T U R N
....................................................................................................
f.
....................................................................................................
D O N 'T W A L K
g . D O N 'T D R O P LITTER
.....................................................................................................
h . SILE N C E
.....................................................................................................
i.
N O P A R K IN G
.....................................................................................................
f.
D O N 'T W A L K O N GRASS
....................................................................................................
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia n e e d n 't lu b n e e d n 't h a ve :
a . It's S a tu rd a y to m o rr o w , yo u ( g o ) .....................................................to w o rk .
b
Y o u ( c a l l ) ...................................................... f r
I m a n a g e d w ith o u t h im .
You
(te ll) ............................................... m u m I w a s s ic k ' n o w she kee ps c a llin g m e 1 0 tim e s a day.
You
( w a s h ) ............................................... the d is h e s , I w as s u p p o s e d to d o it.
T o m (run)
Y o u ( s ta y ) .....................................................so *o n 9 a t w o r ^ th e d e a d lin e w as m o v e d to next m onth.
Y o u (d o )
you
................................................. f r the le c tu re - it w a s c a n c e lle d a n y w a y .
the s h o p p in g , I b o u g h t e v e ry th in g ye ste rd o y.
( d r iv e ) ............................................... m h o m e , I'll ta ke a ta xi.
11. CZASOWNIKI MODALNE
W y b ie r z p r a w i d o w o p c j :
a . It's o cash c h e c k o u t o n ly . Y o u
b.
must / needn't
The p e rfo rm a n c e w a s c a n c e lle d . W e
c. It's n o th in g s e rio u s . Y o u
p a y in c a s h .
needn't / mustn't
d o n 't have to / mustn't
h u rry .
c a ll f o r a n a m b u la n c e .
e. Y ou
needn t have tqk.en_y.cqn t have taken o u t a lo a n , yo u

don't have to / d o n 't need c a ll m e 1 0 tim e s a d a y !
f. Y ou
mustn't
d. You
g. W e
needn't
don 't have to
u se th e o v e n w h e n I'm n o t a t h o m e .
must
p a y h ig h e le c tric ity b ills b e c a u s e w e a re h a rd ly e v e r a t h o m e .
h. The film s ta rts in o v e r a n h o u r . Y o u

i.
The kid s a re s le e p in g . Y o u
j.
needn't
mustn't
c o u ld h a ve a s k e d m u m fo r m oney.
mustn't
m ustn't / needn't
d o n 't have to
h u rry .
m a k e a n o is e ,
a s k f o r m y v is a e x te n s io n yet.
! Przetumacz na jzyk angielski:

a. N ie m u s ia e m w i c a e j r o d z in ie , e s tra c ia m p ra c .
b. N ie m u sisz ju tr o o p ie k o w a si Suzy, z o s ta n ie m y w d o m u .
c. W ty m m ie c ie n ie w o ln o u p r a w ia h a z a rd u .
d . N ie w o ln o p r o w a d z i s a m o c h o d u , p r z y jm u j c te ta b le tk i.
e. W ty m k r a ju k o b ie to m n ie w o ln o p o k a z y w a s w o ic h tw arzy.
f.
P ani J e n k in s p rz e c h o d z i n a e m e ry tu r , w i c m u s im y p o s z u k a z a s t p s tw a .
g. N ie m u s is z o d w ie d z a m n ie c o d z ie n n ie .
h . N ie m u s is z tu m a c z y k a d e g o s o w a . T ro c h z n a m h is z p a s k i.
WIELKA O K A M A I . -
ht to
j i ''h o u lc l
Ciosownik doln,
. i , rodf , o p f " ki! ,e; *

U
..
.
_______ .
^ ^
j^ , 0 n a t a (ok np o io s .)
I- N e le
Ie,mn s k r c o n a : s h o u ia n ..
D ,. ,in p n i
pp
, ^
P rz e c ie I w o ,,,,, dod< %
d o le k a rz a , k ie p s k o w y a la d o
si wicej uczy, za tydzie ma egzamin.

i..
*, 5tntn sDelniona w przeszoci u y w a m y s h o u ld + have
Gdy mwimy o powinnoci, ktra n,e zostaa spetmo
4- trzecia
You
form o czaso w nika.
should hove fold me Ih*
. , . ,
Iro ti- - Rzwiniene by p o w ie d z ie m i
j_
prawd
Tina should have gone to the d o c to r e a rlie r. - Tina p o w in n a b ya .sc w cze n ie , d o leka rza.
oczekiwanie w stosunku do przyszoci lub gdy co me spenia naszych oczekiwa:

Everything should end h a p p ily . - Wszystko powinno si szczliwie skoczy.
Y o u 've been w o rkin g h a rd. Y ou should pass this e x a m . - C i k o p ra c o w a a . P o w in n a zda ten
egzamin.
M a ry should be here no w , she's late a g a in ! - Mary powinna by tutaj teraz, znowu si spnia!
The ta x i should a lre a d y be here. - Takswka ju powinna tutaj by.
Czasownik ought to ma identyczne znaczenie co s h o u ld , jest jednak duo rzadziej uywany

w jzyku potocznym. Jako jedyny ze wszystkich czasownikw modalnych wystpuje ze swkiem to.
W przeczeniach swko not pojawia si przed to: o u g h t n o t to
You ought to be m ore p o lite . - Powiniene by bardziej uprzejm y.
You ough! tT h a v e T o ld m J t h J W h w h e n ^ a s k e d y o
' k ,mWi d n a u c z VcielL
kiedy ci spytaam.
^ U* ~ ^ o w in 'e n e b y p o w ie d z ie m i prawd,
w ic z e n ia
N ap isz ra d y d o p o n i s z y c h sytu a cji u v w /
C|1' u*>rw a I V c z a s o w n ik a s h o u ld ta lk
9 0
i -
a. I have a headache.
I. U -
(r io n d s
ta k e a p a in k ille r
9 to s le e p e a r ly
ta k e a t a x i
b. I don't have any money.

C 1 wil1 be late lor work,
d. I'm too fat.
e- I'm tired.
f* 1 haye problems at work.

tit
? ! 9e bad morks a! school
<0
dl POwqikulacvch ,
tu
"
t*
c za s w n ik i m o d a ln e
rozsyPanych wy ra z w u zdQnia:
ou / m ore / d riv e / s h o u ld / c a re fu lly
always / you / tell / th e tru th / s h o u ld

' mony / no t e a t / so / yo u / s h o u ld / sw eets
rive / sho uld / a n d / y o u / n o t d rin k
e people / th in k / sp o rts / I / s h o u ld / m o re / d o
t
read / leorn / yo u / b o o k s / s h o u ld / E n g lis h / th e la n g u a g e / to

you / see / the p o lic e / s h o u ld / w h e n / a n a c c id e n t / c o ll / you
I, t / cold / be / w a rm / y o u / p u t o n / s h o u ld / b e c a u s e / a sw ea ter
U zu p e n ij z d a n ia f o r m q s / io u / d ( n o t ) h a v e :
a You (90) ..................................... to
b.
d o c to r e a rlie r as I to ld y o u to d o .
M ary ( q u it) ....................................... h e r o b m o n th s a g o .

You (not e a t ) ...................................... so m a n y sw eets. N o w o n d e r y o u 're fe e lin g sick.
d You (c o m e ) ......................................to m e w h e n y o u h a d a p ro b le m .
e Tom (not t a k e ) ...................................... th e c a r w ith o u t p e rm is s io n .
f. You ( c o m e ) ......................................to th e p a rty . It w a s g re a t!
g. W e ( h e lp ) ......................................h im , he n e e d e d us.
h You (not b o r r o w ) .................................... so m u c h m o n e y , n o w o n d e r yo u ha ve s o m u c h d e bt.
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia fo r m q o u g h t n o t t o :
a The n e ig h b o u rs w e re c o m p lo in g , y o u ( lis t e n ) ...............................................to th e m u s ic so lou d.
b. D ad w as a n g ry , yo u ( p la y ) ..................................................................... fo o tb a ll in th e g a rd e n .
c.
I g o t m u g g e d . - Y o u ( w a lk ) ..................................................................in th e p o rk o t n ig h t.
d.
He c h e a te d o n m e . I ( t r u s t ) .................................................................. h im .
e. I g o t a tic k e t fo r s p e e d in g . I ( d r iv e ) ....................................................................s o fa st.

f.
B obby b ro k e T o m 's m p 3 p la y e r. H e ( s w im ) ................................................................................... w th it.
a. P ow inna b y a m i z a u fa ,
b
W szystko p o w in n o si d o b rz e sko c z y .
I o w in n a m m ie w y s ta rc z a iq c o d u o p ie n i d z y , e b y k u p i t s u k ie n k ,
P ow inien e b y b y o stro n ie js z y , b a w i c si n o y c z k a m i,
e. P ow inn im y b y li z a d z w o n i p o k a re tk , k .e d y z o b a c z y li m y w y p a d e k
I.
N ie p o w in ie n e b y m w i d o n ie j w te n s p o s b , te ra z p o w in ie n e iq p rz e p ro s i ,
P o w in n a m sko czy p ro |e k t d o p i tk u .
T o m p o w in ie n b y te ra z w d o m u i p o m a g a m i w p r o c a c h d o m o w y c h .
km m a T Y K A j z y k a a n g ie ls k ie g o
W in
1 1 . 6 .
C z o s o w n ik
w ill
__
u y w a n y je s t p rz e d e w szystkim d o w y ra e n ia przyszoci. Z o s ta o n szczeg ow o omwiony
Futur $imple. N ie na ley z a p o m in a je d n a k , ze jest o n czasownikiem

b e z o k o lic z n ik a bez to, nie jest ko n ie c z n e sto so w a n ie w raz z mm adnych
w ro z d z ia le p o w i c o n y m c z a s o w i
m o d o ln y m
w y m a g a u ycia
c z a s o w n ik w p o s ik o w y c h , p y ta n ia tw orzy si przez inw ersj itp. W o d n ie s ie n iu d o przyszoci wyraa

o b ie tn ic e , d e k la ra c ie . a rn h u
W ill
w y ra a p o z a ty m :
z a o e n ie , p ra w ie p e w n o :
T h e b e li i$ r in g in g . T h a t w i l l b e T o m .
Kto d z w o n i d o drzw i. T o p e w n ie Tom
w o l , c h w y k o n a n ia c z e g o :
I f y o u w i l l b e so n ic e a n d h e lp m e c a r r y th is b a g .
Jeli zechcesz by tak m iy i pomoesz mi nie
t to r b .
p ro b y , zw a szcza , g d y jestem y z iry to w a n i:

W i l l y o u p le a s e b e q u ie t f o r a m in u te ?
Czy m g b y by przez c h w il c ic h o ?
W IC Z E N IA
P r z e t u m a c z n a j z y k a n g ie ls k i:
a . C zy m g b y prosz ciszy m uzyk? P rb uj p ra c o w a .
b . To p e w n ie d o s ta w c a pizzy! O tw o rz drzw i.
c. C zy m o g a b y przesta za m n q c h o d zi? To irytu j ce ,
J e s te m
p e w n a , e syszaa, e ze rw a a m z B ortem .
Jeli byby tak m iy i z ro b i d la m n ie zakupy.
Komu d zw o n i te le fo n !
i o p e w nie m j!
,1.7. Czasowniki modalne - .

podsumowujcy
'enia
L ic z e n ia
Zam ie c z a s o w n ik i n a f o r m c z a s u p r z e s z e g o P a s S i m p le :
a. You can g o to th e c in e m a w ith y o u r frie n d s .
b. You have to b e q u ie t d u r in g th e le s s o n .
c. You s h o u ld g o to th e d o c t o r a b o u t th a t h e a d a c h e s ........................
d. Suzy m ay b e rig h t.
e. You m ust lis te n to y o u r te a c h e r s .............................................. ..................
I. You n e e d n 't g o to th e s h o p ........................................................ ..................
g. We m ust b o r r o w s o m e m o n e y fr o m o u r p a re n ts .
.................
h. Tom c a n 't p la y th e g u ita r ................................................................................
P rz e tu m a c z n a j z y k a n g i e l s k i :
a. Powinna p rz e p ro s i m a m i p o w ie d z ie o z b ity m w a z o n ie .
b. Nie p o w in n a b y a ej o k a m y w a .
c. Nie m u s ia e p rz y je d a p o m n ie n a s ta c j .
d. Musisz by bardzo ostrony, prowadzc sam ochd w nocy.
e Czy mogabym zada ci pytanie?

Kto dzwoni do mnie w nocy, to musia by Tom.
9 Mogam do niego zadzwoni, ale nie chciaam.
ê wolno ci otwiera tej szuflady.
'7y ^ ^ s z moga poyczy mi troch pienidzy?
1 Czy musiae by taki niemiy?
Nastpstwo czasw i mowa

zalena Sequence of tenses
and reported speech
12.1. Naspstwo czasw_____________________
N a s t p s tw o czas w sto so w a n e jest w zdaniach podrzdnie zoonych oraz w mowie zalenej. Polega
n a c o fn i c iu " czasu uyte go w zda niu podrzdnym. Cofnicie" to zaley o d czasu uytego w zdaniu
g w n y m , a d o k a d n ie j o d czasu, w ktrym wystpuje czasownik raportujcy.
I k n o w T o m lik e s f o o t b a ll. - Wiem, e Tom lubi pik non.
z d a n ie g w n e I k n o w : P r e s e n t S im p le
z d a n ie p o d rz d n e T o m lik e s fo o t b a ll: P r e s e n t S im p le
I k n e w th a t T o m lik e d f o o t b a ll. - Wiedziaam, e Tom lubi pik non.
z d a n ie g w n e I k n e w : P a s t S im p le
zd a n ie p o d rz d n e T o m lik e d fo o tb a ll: P a s t S im p le
przykadach wida, e jeli czasownik w zdaniu nadrzdnym jest w czasie przeszym, czas
zdania podrzdnego zmienia si z teraniejszego na przeszy, cofa si". Naley zauway, e w jzyku
polskim czas zdania podrzdnego, a tym samym znaczenie, nie zmieniaj si. Oto przykady:
I k n o w J u a n is S p a n is h . - Wiem, e Juan jest Hiszpanem.
I k n e w J u a n w a s S p a n is h . - Wiedziaam, e Juan jest Hiszpanem.
pow yszych
I k n o w J e n n y is p la y in g te n n is . - Wiem, ze Jenny gra (teraz) w tenisa.

I k n e w J e n n y w a s p la y in g te n n is. - Wiedziaam, e Jenny gra (wtedy) w tenisa.
I k n o w th a t Tom b o u g h t a c a r. - Wiem, e Tom kupi samochd.
| k n e w th a t Tom h q d b o u g h t a c a r. - Wiedziaam, e Tom kupi samochd.

| k n o w Ja n e has b e e n to C h in a . - Wiem, ze Jane bya w Chinach.
I k n e w Ja n e ho d b e en to C h in a . - Wiedziaem, ze Jane bya w Chinach.
Wiem, e Jim przy|dzie na kolacj.
I k n e w Jim w p u ld c o m e to d in n e r.
Wiedziaam, e Jim przyjdzie na kolacj.
I k n o w Jim w ij) om to d in n e r.
C zaswnki modalne rwnie zmieniaj ormy na przesze:

I k n o w o te ve fljD rid e a h o rse .
Wiem, ze Steve potrafi jedzi konno.
I k n e w Steve
rid e a h o rse .
Wiedziaam, e Steve potrafi jedzi konno.
12. NASTPSTWO CZASW I M O W A Z A L E N A
n t a b e lo p r z e d s t a w i a z m i a n y , j a k i e z a c h o d z w
p o s z c z e g ln y c h c z a s a c h , je li c z a s o w n ik r a p o r t u j c y
ST -2 1
Present Simple
'p re s e n t
P ast
Past S im p le
Continuous
Past C o n tin u o u s
Past P erfe ct
Simple
post Continuous
'P r e s e n t
Perfect
Past P e rfe ct C o n tin u o u s
Past P erfe ct
'Present Perfect C o n tin u o u s ,1
Past P e rfe c t C o n tin u o u s
! Past Perfect
Past P e rfe c t
Past P e rfe c t C o n tin u o u s
Past Perfect C o n tin u o u s
Future S im ple
F u tu re in th e Past (w o u ld )
c o u ld / b e a b le to
w o u ld
could
would
might
h a d to
z k iin , a d y f " . wjtp

l s,
Zosody nastpstwa czasw n ie o b o w i
^su,
np.
o p raw ach fizyki,
r e
g ro rn
'
E o rth g o r o u n d .h e
I knew the E a rth g o e s r o u n d th e sun.
e Z ie m ia kry
ZM W > W
Soca.
j
S toco
Z a m ie z d a n ia stosujc nastpstw o czasw :

a.
I k n o w T o m lik e s K a te . I k n e w .......................................................................
b. I think it is a good idea. I th o u g h t........................................................

c.
I m s u r e T o m w ill c o m e w ith us. I w a s s u r e ..............................................................
d . M u m k n o w s I w a n t t o g o s k iin g . M u m k n e w ..........................................................
e.
M y b o s s th in k s t h a t I a m ill. M y b o s s t h o u g h t ........................................................
t.
E v e r y b o d y k n o w s I c a n p la y g o lf w e ll. E v e ry b o d y k n e w ....................................
g . I h o p e y o u w ill h e lp m e . I h o p e d ......................................................................
h . I a m g la d y o u lik e m y p re s e n t. I w a s g l a d ................................................................
i.
I b e lie v e T o m is r e lia b le a n d h o n e s t. I b e l i e v e d ....................................................
j.
I a m a f r a id y o u a r e w r o n g . I w a s a f r a i d ...................................................................
k . W e k n o w Ted h a s g o n e to th e s h o p . W e k n e w .......................................................
I.
T o m is s u re w e w ill g e t th e jo b . T o m w a s s u r e ........................................................
D o k o c z z d a n ia , k o r z y s t a j c z p o d a n y c h w c u d z y s o w iu in fo r m a c ji:
a . 'J a n e w ill c o m e t o n i g h t / I t h i n k .....................................................................

b . 'T o m a n d S u e w ill c o m e to v is it u s / W e w e re c o n v i n c e d .................................
c . 'J e n n y lik e s ro s e s th e m o s t / I r e m e m b e r ..................................................................
d . 'T o m h a s f o u n d a n e w j o b / W e h a v e h e a r d ..........................................................
e . 'I w ill fin is h th e p r o je c t o n t i m e / I w a s s u r e .............................................................
{.
'I c o n d o th e s h o p p i n g / B o b s a i d ....................................................................
g . 'I t w a s n 't a n a c c i d e n t / E v e ry b o d y k n e w ....................................................................

h
'W e h a v e t o p a y th e b i l l / T o m r e m e m b e r e d ..........................................................
j.
'T o m w o n th e l o t t e r y / W e k n o w ....................................................................
'I 'm h a p p y to see y o u / I s a i d ....................................................................
Zdania tw ierd zce w m owie za le n e j

1 2 -
wczeniej nastpstw o czasw sto so w a n e jest p rzede wszystkim w m o w ie zalenej, w ktrej
0 ^ '^ Wytacza, re la cjo n u je czyj w yp o w ie d :

M wo iniezalena:
Tom 5ys: * m *'rec^
Tom s a y s: * m tir
ôm mwi: Jestem zmczony."
t
-
I $
n ^L
Bob soys: 'Je n n y w e n t to L o n d o n .' - B ob m w i: J e n n y p o je c h a a d o Lo ndyn u."
Mowo zaleno:
Tom said he w a s tire d . - Tom p o w ie d z ia , e jest zm czony.

Bob said th a t J e n n y h a d g o n e t o L o n d o n . - B o b D
in
i
p oow w
te d^ ziat,
ze Jenny
p o |e c h a a d o Londynu.
r : ~ r :~
j j j .
, ^
ae ,,
zr
w m o w ie ; o t e i e | w o d ie : . nJ
do
'I must go to the d o c t o r . ' - M u sz i d o leka rza.

Tom said he h a d to a o to th e a
d0
o cCt i0
o rr ~ ,o m p o w ie
d
j zia ,
i ze
. m usi i d o lekarza.
IW mowie zalenej zmianie ulegaj te zaimki i przyswki.

-
th a t d a y
th e d a y b e fo r e
th e n e x t d a y / th e f o llo w in g d a y
th e f o llo w in g w e e k / m o n th
nt week / month:
!o ye a r a g o
th e p r e v io u s w e e k / m o n th
jKere
th e re
I >w
'
'
a y e a r b e fo r e
th e n
th a t
th o s e
i * --"
i,.
lo b in to rv ie w t o d o y . '
;ra*w,,
ro
/m
I O oWw ** a pra<
!> <
>)
Id d z ii no rozm ow o proc.
,oiobinerviewthotdoy-
T m
i ^
%
W p o t m arried a y ea r a g o .'
P o b ro liirn y si,? ro k temu
Suzy and Jim la id th e y h a d got m a r r ie d a y e a r b e fo r e

rok wc/.einiej.
*
C
Jlm N ie d z ie li,
* Ji
G w n y m i c z o io w n ik a m i ra p o rtu j c y m i z d a n ia tw ie rd z c e s s a y oroz te ll p.
n,mi i--.t fo k l, / w m o w ie zalenej t e ll w y m a g a zowsze uycia d o p e n i. , ds,awov'q r6niCg

(W;* oj o s a y i te ll w ro z d z ia le 12 .5 .)
^ n,enio
zaimka lub rzea J ^ | rf
Tom s a id ( th a t) h e w o u ld c o m e to m y p a r t y . - Tom p o w ie d z ia e przvid
T o m s a id to m e t h a t h e w o u ld c o m e to m y p a r ty . - T o m p o w ie d zia * " ^
irnprH
im p re z
K Pojdzie no
M a r y f o ld m e she lik e d T o m a lo t. - M a ry p o w ie d z ia a m i, e bardzo lu b i Toma
Inne c z a s o w n ik i ra p o r tu j c e to : d e c la r e (o w ia d c z a ), s ta t e
s u g g e s t (s u g e ro w a ), r e p o r t (d o n o s i , z d a w a ra p o rt).
(stwierdza)
p ro m i , L
W IC Z E N IA
N a p is z z d a n i a w m o w ie z a le n e j:
a . H e w e n t to a n Ita lia n re s ta u ra n t yeste rda y. T o m s a i d ............................
b. I'm n o t fe e lin g w e ll. M a ry to ld m e ..........................................................
c. I m u s t ru n b e c a u s e I'm la te . Jake s a i d ...............................................................
d . W e 'v e b e e n to a c o n c e rt. M a ry a n d Jen ny s a i d .........................................................
e. T h e c a k e tastes w o n d e r fu l. K a te s a i d ................................................................
f.
M u m d id th e s h o p p in g a n d c o o k e d d in n e r. Ben to ld m e .....................................
g . W e a re g o in g to th e c in e m a to m o rr o w . M y p a re n ts s a i d .......................................
h . I d o n 't k n o w P a u l v e ry w e ll. S a lly to ld m e ................................................................
i.
I a m h a v in g a s h o w e r. Ja n e s h o u t e d .................................................................
I h a v e a lw a y s w a n te d to h a v e a d o g . J im m y to ld m e ..............................................
N a p i s z z d a n i a w m o w i e z a le n e j, z w r u w a g n a p o d k r e lo n e c z c i:
a . It's rn y b ir th d a y to d a y . T o m s a i d ..................................................................
b . W e w e n t to th e c in e m a y e s te rd a y . M y frie n d s s a i d ...................................................
C, W e 'r e g o in g c a m p in g to m o r r o w . T o m a n d S teve s a i d ...........................................
d
I h a v e a n e x a m next. w e e k , lo r n s a i d .................................................................
(*, I w a s ill last w e e k . M y b ro th e r to ld m e .................................................................

f.
It h a p p e n e d a y e a r
ago.
B ill s a i d ..................................................................
g . I'v e liv e d h e m a ll m y life , lin a s a i d ..................................................................

h
I b o u g h ! th is b o o k o n M o n d a y . R o b e rt to ld m e ..........................................................
l b'Cyy<a<i),
12. NASTPSTW O CZASW I M O W A ZALEN A
Pytania w m ow ie z a le n e j_______________________
M pytaniach w m o w .e z a le z n e j n a le y zaw sze p a m i ta , e m a j o n e szyk z d a h tw ierd zcych ,
*
n.e w y s t p u je w n ,c h in w e rs ja p o d m io tu i c z a s o w n ik a p o s ik o w e g o . C a e orzeczenie
p y t a j c y c h
nojdoie * P p o d m io c e .
p^tooio otw a rte :
W h e re d o y o u liv e , J a n e ?
G d z ie m ieszka sz, Jane?
| a ske d J a n e w h e r e i h f i J i Y f i d W hen d id y o u s e ll th e c a r ?
Z a p y ta a m J a n e , g d z ie m ieszka.
K ie d y s p rz e d a e s a m o c h d ?
He a s k e d B o b w h e n h h f lr f ftp ld th g r .
Z a p y ta T o m a , kie d y s p rz e d a s a m o c h d .
Pytonia z a m k n i te :
Do y o u lik e c o f f e e ?
Lubisz k a w ?
A n n a s k e d if I J iked _.C Q .ffee.

D id J o h n c o m e t o th e p a r t y ?
A n n z a p y ta a , czy lu b i k a w .
C zy J o h n przysze d na im p re z ?
Sue a s k e d if J o h n h a d c o m e t o t h e p a r t y .
Sue s p y ta a , czy J o h n przyszed na im p re z .
Pytanie zalotne m o e b y c z c i z d a n ia , k t re c a e jest p y ta n ie m / p ro b :

C o u ld y o u t e ll m e w h e r e M o r y liv e s ?
D o y o u k n o w w h e n t h e p a r t y is?
C zy m g b y m i p o w ie d z ie , g d z ie m ie s z k a M a ry ?
C z y w iesz, k ie d y je s t im p re z a ?
Najczstszym s p jn ik ie m w z a m k n i ty c h p y ta n ia c h z a le n y c h jest
whether
(czy)
if
(czy), o p r c z n ie g o s to s o w a n e jest
W w i k s z o c i p r z y p a d k w s to s o w a n y jest c z a s o w n ik r a p o r tu j c y
fo rm a ln ych k o n te k s ta c h u y w a n o s c z a s o w n ik i
inquire, enquire
ask
(p y ta ). W b a rd z o
(p y ta , d o w ia d y w a si).
W IELKA G R A M A TY K A JEYKA A N G IE L S K IE 0
WICZENIA
P r z e k s z ta p y t a n ia n a m o w z a le z n q .
0. W h e re d o yo u c o m e fro m ? Tom a s k e d m e
.....................
b. W h a t tim e d o yo u g e t up ? H e
.....................
a s k e d
m e
c. W h o b ro k e the w in d o w ? M u m a s k e d
d. W h a t d id they bu y M a ry fo r b irth d a y ,
^
a e
me
e. H o w m a n y tim es h a v e yo u b e e n a b ro a
f.
W h e n d id yo u sell y o u r c a r? B o b a ske d m e
......
g. W h e re a re they g o in g o n h o lid a y ? O u r n e n s c
h. W h a t w ere yo u d o in g w h e n the p h o n e r a n g .
e P
1.
W h y d id yo u q u it y o u r jo b ? D a v e a s k e d .........................
j.
W h a t d o yo u d o o n Fridays? A n n a s k e d .......................
P r z e k s z ta p y t a n ia n a m o w z a l e i n q :
a . D id yo u ha ve a g o o d tim e ? T o m aske d i f ...............................
b. D o y o u like y o u r to w n ? Betty aske d i f ......................................
c. H a v e yo u seen th a t m a n b e fo re ? Eve a s k e d i f .....................
d. Is Joh n a rriv in g in the m o rn in g ? F io n a a s k e d i f ....................
e. Is Betty y o u r best frie n d ? M u m aske d i f ....................................
f.
D o e s y o u r fa th e r s m o k e ? Sam aske d i f ....................................
g. C a n yo u s p e a k S p a n ish ? Juan aske d m e .................................

h. A re y o u r p a re n ts a n g ry a t you ? M a ry a s k e d i f .......................
i-
W ill the p ro je c t be re a d y to m o rro w ? M y boss a s k e d if
j.
A re yo u u sin g this d ic tio n a ry ? M y frie n d a s k e d
i f .....
12. NASTPSTW O CZASW I M O W A ZALEN A
,2.4 . Tryb r o z k a z u j c y , su g estie , propozycje

w m o w ie z a le n e j
po wyraania n a k a z u , s u g e s tii lu b p ro p o z y c ji w m o w ie z a le n e j uyw ane s cza so w n ik, tell oraz a s k
Po tych cza so w n ika ch m u s, p o ,o w i si d o p e n ie n ie blisze, czyli o s o b a / o s o b y , d o k t ry c h s k ie ro w a n y jest
noka:, proba czy p r o p o z y c ja , a p o n ic h c z a s o w n ik w b e z o k o lic z n ik u

'Bill, cali m e!'
B ill, z a d z w o d o m n ie !
Kate t o ld BjJJ t o c a ll h e r . - K a le p o w ie d z ia a B illo w i, eb y d o n ie j z a d z w o n i.

' P lease, o p e n th e d o o r / - P rosz , o tw rz d rz w i.
Mum asked m to o p e n the d o o r. - M a m a p o p ro s ia m n ie , ebym o tw o rz y d rzw i.

Be q u ie t!
B d c ie c ic h o !
The te a c h e r t o l d
t o b e q u ie t . - N a u c z y c ie l k a z a n a m by c ic h o .
W bardziej fo rm a ln y c h w y p o w ie d z ia c h , d o w y ra e n ia n a k a z u lu b p ro b y u yw a ne s c z a s o w n ik i ta k ie ja k :
command (ro z k a z a ), request (p ro s i ,

warn (o s trz e g a ), rem ind (p rz y p o m in a ).
order
Zakazy tw o rz y s i , d o d a j c
not
w y m a g a ),
urge
(n a le g a ),
implore / beg
(b a g a ),
p rz e z b e z o k o lic z n ik ie m :
D o n 't g o t h e r e ! - N ie id ta m !
She told me not to go there.

Relacjonujc
p r o p o z y c je
Let's...,
- P o w ie d z ia a m i, eb ym ta m n ie szed.
w m o w ie z a le n e j u y w a n y jest c z a s o w n ik
L e t's h a v e a p a r t y o n S a t u r d a y !
M um
suggest:
Z r b m y im p re z w s o b o t !
s u g g e s t e d t h a t w e h a v e a p a r t y o n S a t u r d a y , lu b M u m s u g g e s te d h a v in g a p a r t y o n
S a t u r d a y , lu b M u m s u g g e s t e d t h a t w e s h o u ld h a v e a p a r t y o n S a t u r d a y .
M a m a z a p r o p o n o w a a ,
e b ym y w s o b o t z r o b ili im p re z .
invite (z a p ro s i ), offer
promise (o b ie c a ).
W p rz y p a d k u p r o p o z y c ji m o n a u y ta k ic h c z a s o w n ik w ja k
z a o fe ro w a ),
advise
(d o ra d z i ),
recommend
(p o le c i ),
( z a p ro p o n o w a
W ,E L K a "
a m a t y k a jzyka
WICZENIA
O
P rz e k sz ta p ytan ia na m ow za le n :
0- G o to your room! Mum (tell / I ) ..............................
b. Do exercises 2 and 4 on page 1 7 . The teacher (order / we) ..........................................
c. I urn the music down! Kate (ask / John) ..............................................................
d. Don't b e so rude! Mary (tell / s o n )...............................................................
e. Water the flowers three times a week. My neighbour (ask / I ) ...................................................
Com e to my place on Friday around seven. Betty (tell / w e ).....................................................
9- ^"e s 9e SuzY a dog for her birthday. Tom suggested th a t.........................................................
h. C a ll an ambulance! Jim (order / m e )...............................................................
1- I II help you! Tom (offer) ................................................................
j.
Let s go away for the weekend! Mum suggested................................................................
k. Don't be late! Mum (remind / I ) ................................................................

I.
Let's invite Danny for dinner! Sarah suggested th a t.............................................................
P r z e t u m a c z n a j z y k a n g ie ls k i, u y w a j c p o d a n y c h c z a s o w n ik w :
t e ll
o rd e r
r e m in d
suggest
beg
p r o m is e
ask
a . Kate zasugerow aa, abymy odwiedzili babci w szpitalu.

b. Poprosiam To m a, aby pomg mi przy pracy domowej z fizyki.
c.
S zef n a k a z a n a m , a b y m y przez ty d z ie p r a c o w a li o d
8 do
5.
d . M a m a k a z a a m i p o s p rz ta p o k j i z ro b i z a k u p y .
e.
J o h n d o r a d z i m i, a b y m p o p r o s i o p o m o c d o r a d c k re d y to w e g o .
f.
T im o b ie c a , e p o m o e m i p rz e w ie rzeczy d o n o w e g o m ie s z k a n ia .
g . M a r y b a g a a m n ie , e b y m n ic n ie m w ia ej m o w i.
h . M j b r a J o e p r z y p o m n ia m i, e b y m k u p i m a m ie k w ia ty n o w i n y .
adv
12. NASTPSTWO CZAS W I M O W A Z A L E N A
Porwnanie czasownikw say orgz tell___

n ie !o l' i r a i -
te 1
Tom says 'I am h u n g r y '. - T o m m w i: Jestem g o d n y ".

Tam said th a t he w a s h u n g r y . - Tom p o w ie d zia , e jest godny.
Uywamy go zawsze w od niesieniu d o jzyka o b c e g o :
Kow d o ,00 sa y 'h o llo ' in H in d i! - ja k , w i
c w n ,k a lego oywamy zawsze w zw rotach:
w ^
h|ndj?
h o llo / g o o d b y e / p le o . e , t h a n k y o
M e ro ,
Christmas / H a p p y B i r t h d a y .
c r r jr
He just said 'g o o d b y e ' a n d le ft. - P ow iedzia d o w id z e n ia " i wyszed.

Did you say 'th a n k y o u '? - P ow iedziaa d z i k u j "?
Po czasowniku t e l l zawsze w ystpuje d o p e n ie n ie (po s a y - nigdy)

Tell me w h a t y o u th in k a b o u t th a t. - Pow iedz m i, co o tym mylisz.
He to ld us he w a s sick. - P o w ie d zia n a m , e jest chory.
Tell uywamy w pytaniach o d ro g :

Con yo u lo ll m
I h . w a y t o th e s f o lla n ! - C zy m ae m i p o n p o w io d z lo i, k d o sta s l, o stacie?
ii+zzzt^trbm
iw
oin,m
i!sp6inikom
,:,eM
r
: : ! 1
M t l T
m * w h e re !h e w s
' ies! w!!e "
9oin9
* * *
~/ '
* *
*.
'h a tim e / a M o t, / a l i . / th e tru th / a to ke .
us a fu n n y jo k e . - B ill o p o w ie d z ia no m m ieszny d o w c ip .
t s tim e to te ll th e tru th . -
Czas powiedzie prawd.
Inne czasowniki:
speak
i w obcym jzyku: I s p e a k a little J a p a n e s e . - M w i tro c h p o ja p o sku .
- WV9 osza m ow : T h e P re s id e n t is s p e a k in g . - Prezydent w ygasza m ow .
porozm awia z kim : s p e a k to s o m e b o d y / s p e a k w ith s o m e b o d y (AmE)
W M a l k e d T r h n '9 d y r
WyS,P1U'e W m w ie niezale2ne' lu b z a le ^nej ja k o c z a s o w n ik ra p o rtu j c y .
C
,
h o u rs . - R o zm a w ia ym y g o d z in a m i.
o b y ta lk y a t? - C zy d z ie c k o p o tra fi ju m w i ?
WICZENIA
O
Uzupenij zd an ia czasow nikam i sa y , te ll lub s p e a k w o d p o w ie d n ie j form ie:

a.
b.
Y esterday, M a r k ......................................
* b o u t hiS ' T' P ! * * * '
H e n e v e r ....................................................... 'h e llo ' w h e n h e e n te rs th e ro o m .
c.
W h y d id n 't y o u
m e ,h e tru th ? ,
d. I w o u ld re a lly like t o ..................................................... to * o u b Ut

1
e . Ji m ....................................................... th a t he w o u ld n 't c o m e to o u r p a rty .
f.
M a r y ...................................................... to o fast, I d o n 't u n d e rs ta n d h e r.
g.
T o m ...................................................... th a t he d id n 't k n o w a b o u t th e a c c id e n t.
h.
i.
Be q u ie t! The c h a ir m a n .........................................................
W e .....................................................a b o u t o u r p la n s f o r th e s u m m e r w h e n J a n e c a m e
j.
C a n the b a b y ........................................................Ye t?
k.
H e c a n ........................................................th re e la n g u a g e s .
I ..............................................................m e w h e re yo u a re g o in g .
m . H e ........................................................m e so m a n y lies th a t I d o n 't tru s t h im a n y m o r e .
W ybierz praw idlow q odpowiedz:

a . Tom
said / told
he w o u ld n 't le n d m e th e m o ney.
tell / say yo u
b ro th e r a lw a y s asks
b . D id Betty
she w as g e ttin g m a rrie d ?
c. M y
tell
m e fa r m o n e y .
talked / said to J o h n a b o u t this?

he say / tell 'g o o d b y e ' w h e n he left?
m u s t say / tell m u m the tru th .
d . H a v e yo u
e . D id
f.
You
g. H o w d o y o u
h. C a n yo u
say
say
i.
I ju s t c a m e to
j-
He
speak
'I lo v e y o u ' in S p a n is h ?
tell m e th e w a y
say / tell 'h i'.
/.
asks./ says
to th e p o s t o ffic e ?
m e so m a n y q u e s tio n s .
^26. N a st p stw o
c z a s w i m o w a z a le n a
- w ic z e n ia p o d su m o w u j c e
pêkszta z d a n ia n a m o w z a l e n :
a | 'm g o in g to p r o p o s e to J a n e t o m o r r o w / S teve to ld m e ...
:
1 storied
"W here w e re y o u la s t n ig h t ? ' M u m a s k e d m e ...
to w o rk f o r th is c o m p a n y tw o y e a rs a g o / S a lly s a id ...
D o yo u lik e C h in e s e f o o d ? ' Tim . a s k e d us ...

e. 'D o n 't g o th e re ! ' F ra n k w a r n e d m e ...
:
w5f s g o to th a t n e w Ita lia n r e s ta u r a n t !' C a r l s u g g e s te d t h a t ...
a fr a id o ; h e ig h t s / K a te c o n fe s s e d ...
C a n yo u h e lp m e m o v e r r n g s to m y n e w f ia t ? ' S a lly a s k e d : ...

>'m g o n g to N e w Y o r k o n b u s in e s s n e x t w e e k .' D a d to ld us ...
Please r e p m e
m s s a g . An e ld e rly lady asked m e ...
Na p o d sta w ie tekstu n a p is z z d a n i a w m o w ie z a le n e j:
/ t
c e c a . ng :c c * c c
a r.d Barce o ^ o s m y f c / o u r'fe te a m . Las'* week
am g o in g to c . . * c:ke*s :o r a
io o tb c
m arches d u rin g E uro 2 0 - 2 . D o you
four ;c v o u n *e a a . e r ? .e - s e e . 'o o 'c c - a* m e w e e < e n d /
- ^ m said ...
- J
c.
US
esc :
d
-
fo ki
osxec
e a sc asked .....
J'~
gges?ed mat
p o /e d r
rj
to u rn a m e n t,
<e :o o vo a ;l? / / n o
formie om
Z " " 16' Wiw k u Cin9 |elskim tworzymy zawsze za pomoc czasownika .by* w orf
c*oz imiesowu biernego (past p articiple), czyli tzw. trzeciej formy czasownika
d"'5
a t a p rin tin g house. - Ksiki s drukowane w drukami.

a u to r w .0 0
W r it n
by
F rC n c h
U th o rS - ~
Te
k s ,q z l< i z o s t o l V n a P ls n e
p rz e z f r a n c o ^
* h a t b o o k w a s b u g h t y e s te rd a y . - Ta ksika zostaa kupiona wczoraj.
o rsa czasownika by" zaley od czasu, ktry zosta zastosowany w stronie czynnej oraz ocj teo
v-zy podmiot zdania w strome biernej jest w liczbie pojedynczej czy mnogiej.
( P r e s e n t S im p le
P o lice m e n ca tch th ie ve s. - Policjanci a p i zodziei.

T h ie ve s a re c a u g h t b y p o lic e m e n . - Zodzieje s apani przez policjantw.
F u t u r e S im p le :
I th in k Jo h n G ris h a m w ill p u b lis h a n e w b o o k . - John Grisham wyda n0w*
ksik.
A n e w b o o k w ill be p u b lis h e d b y Joh n G ris h a m , I th in k . - Nowa ksiko
zostanie wydana przez Johna G risham a.
Past S im p le )
M u m b a k e d a c a k e . - M a m a upieka ciasto.
A c a k e w a s b a k e d b y m um . - C iasto zostao upieczone przez mam.
T w o rz c zd a n ia w stronie bie rn e j, naley rozpoznaw a, kto lub co jest podm iotem , a co dopenieniem.
D o p e n ie n ie w stronie czynnej staje si po d m io te m w stronie biernej, a po dm io t w stronie czynne; d o p e n ie n ie m w stronie bie rn e j. W ykonaw ca czynnoci w stronie biernej wprow adzany jest zo pomoc
p -zyim ka b y (przez). Przyimek ten czsto jest pom inity, zwaszcza gdy w ykonaw ca czynnoci jest oczywisty
n ie is to tn y , lu b nie w ia d o m o , kim jest:
T h e h a ll is s w e p t e v e r y d a y . - Korytarz jest zam iatany codziennie, (oczywiste jest. ze robi to
sprztaczka)
T h e r o a d is b e in g r e p a ir e d a t th e m o m e n t.
ro b i, w ane, e to si dzieje)
M y h o u s e w a s b r o k e n in to la s t m o n th .
W anie n a pra w ia na jest d ro g a , (niewane kto to
W zeszym m iesicu w a m a n o si d o m ojego demu
(nie w ia d o m o , kto to zro b i)
STRONA C ZYN N A:
M y f a t h e r (podmiot) w a tc h e s th e n e w s (dopenienie).
m y fa t h e r
p o d m io t, w yko n a w c a czynnoci
th e n e w s
d o p e n ie n ie , p rz e d m io t czynnoci
.
M j toto o g l d a w iadom oci.
STRT h e n e w s (podm,ot) is w a tc h e d b y m y fa th e r (dopenienie).

m o je g o tat.
th e n e w s
Uv<
p o d m io t czynnoci
fjth c tr
d rin rtn ia ru e . wvkonGWCO 7VHnO( i
W ia d o m o c i s og ldane p a
1 3 . S T R O N A B IE R N A
m olenie od czasu, w ktrym jest okrelone dooen.W

pros bierne- Naley jednak pamita, e strona bierno w 2o o nvrfT ^
a l M ous, wystpuje n,ezm,ernie aodko, Ponodto n i e k Z
W* ZInieprzechodmch
,erZT
i0So . n * d w
^przetumaczy dosownie.
(m.raZirZr1
o
P rfe
P te W
"P
" ^ M n im i
' ,np- 9<"
l" * < Pron,
angielskipry, w z w in z k p " " l * * ' W * * " P W t a jest wiece!
11
V " " " * ! * zdania w stronie bierne, Z
W k o le jn y c h rozdziaach omwione jest tworze

Wpozostaych - jest to moliwe wedug takich som yV regub
" " ia !d e i " i,w " ich *
. podmiot strony czynne, staje si dopenianiem w stronie bierne,,

. dopenienie strony czynne, staje s i, podmiotem w ro n i. biere ,,
.
uywomy czasownika b y ' i trzecie, form y czasownika,
(o rm a c z a s o w n ik a b y " z a le y o d c z a s u , w ja k im uyty z o s ta w s tro n ie czynn ej.
W IE LK A G R A M A T Y K A JZYKA A N G IE L S K IE G O
Z
13.1. Tworzenie srony biernej czasw prostych^
13.1.1. Strona bierna czasu Present Simple
/
S tro n a b ie r n a
S tro n a c z y n n a
M u m c o o k s d in n e r e v e ry d a y .
D in n e r is c o o k e d ( b y m u m ) e v e ry d a y .
Mama codziennie gotuje obiad,

m u m - podmiot
d in n e r - dopenienie, liczba pojedyncza
- Obiad jest codziennie gotowany (przez

mam).
d in n e r - podmiot, liczba pojedyncza
m u m - dopenienie, wykonawca czynnoci
A p o s tm a n b r in g s le tte rs .
L e tte rs a r e b r o u q h t b y a p o s tm a n .
- Listonosz przynosi listy,

a p o s tm a n podmiot
le tte rs - dopenienie, liczba mnoga
- Listy s przynoszone przez listonosza,

le tte rs - podmiot, liczba mnoga
a p o s tm a n - dopenienie, wykonawca
W stronie biernej w czasie P r e s e n t S im p le czasownik by" ma form is lub a r e , zalenie od tego,

w jakiej liczbie jest podmiot w stronie biernej (dopenienie w stronie czynnej). W pierwszym przykadowym
zdaniu podmiot strony biernej (dopenienie czynnej) jest w liczbie pojedynczej, d i n n e r (obiad), a zatem
czasownik ma form liczby pojedynczej is. W drugim zdaniu podmiot strony biernej (dopenienie czynnej)
jest w liczbie mnogiej, le t t e r s (listy), a zatem czasownik ma form liczby mnogiej a r e . Podobnie dzieje
si w pozostaych czasach.
Z d a n ie t w ie d z q c e :
P r e s e n t S im p le
is
P o d m io t
t r z e c ia fo r m a
b y + d o p e n ie n ie
c z a s o w n ik a
(w y k o n a w c a ).
a re
C a r a m e l Is m a d e fr o m s u g a r . - K a rm e l jest ro b io n y z c u k ru .
S w e e ts a r e e a te n b y c h ild r e n . - S o d ycze sq je d z o n e przez d z ie c i.
P a n c a k e s a r e u s u a lly e a te n f o r b r e a k f a s t. - N a le n ik i sq zazw yczaj je d z o n e n a n ia d a n ie .
P rzecze nie tw o rzym y, d o d a j c d o c z a s o w n ik a
b y " s w k o
o d p o w ie d n ie d la d a n e g o cza su . P yta n ia z a m k n i te ta k /
not.
M ona
s to s o w a fo rm y skrcone,
n ie tw o rz y m y przez in w e rs j
p o c z tk u z d a n ia fo rm b y " , n a s t p n ie p o d m io t, a p o te m
s ta w ia j c na
trz e c i fo rm c z a s o w n ik a . W
pyta niach
o tw a rty c h d o d a je m y n a p o c z tk u o d p o w ie d n i z a im e k p y ta jn y lu b p rz y s w e k . P y ta n ia i p rz e c z e n ia tworzym y
id e n ty c z n ie w e w szystkich c z a s a c h w s tro n ie b ie rn e j.
13. S T R O N A B IE R N A
teczeê:
P re s e n t S i m p l e
is n o t ( is n 't )
trz e c ia fo rm a
a r e n o t ( a r e n 't )
C ora m e l isn 't m a d e fro m m ilk. -
c z a s o w n ik a
Karmel nie jest robiony z mleka.
Sweets a re n 't e a te n e v e ry d a y .
C h o c o la te
tat-
Sodycze nie sq jedzone codzie

iennie.
cake is n 't b a k e d b y m y d a d . - Ciasto czekoladow
e nie |est pieczone przez mojego
tytanie:
P r e s e n t S im p le
Is
p o d m io t
A re
Is this c h o c o la te c a k e b a k e d b y y o u r m um ?
trz e c ia fo rm a
c z a s o w n ik a
- Czy ciasto czekoladowe jest pieczone przez
twojq mamq?
Yes, it is. lub N o , it is n 't.
A re pancake s u s u a lly e a te n f o r b re a k fa s t? - Czy naleniki sq zazwyczaj jedzone na niadanie?

Yes, they a re . lub N o , th e y a r e n 't.
W hen a re p a n c a k e s u s u a lly e a te n ? - Kiedy zazwyczaj sq jedzone naleniki?

W h a t is c a ra m e l m a d e o f? - Z czego zrobiony jest karm el?
w ic zen ia
2 ro z s y p a n y c h w y r a z w u z d a n ia w s tro n ie b ie r n e j (c z a s P re s e n t Simple)
a. cars / m ake / in a fa c to ry ......................... .................................................................................
b. a sandwich / m a ke / by m y b ro th e r
.................................................................................
c. a bo ok / buy / a t a b o o k s h o p ................. .................................................................................

d. vegetables / sell / a t the m a rk e t
..................................................................................
e. trucks / re p a ir / by a m e c h a n ic
..................................................................
f.
.......................................................................
photos / take / by a p h o to g ra p h e r
g . the law n / m o w / by o u r g a rd e n e r
................................................................
h. a picture / p a in t / by a n a rtis t
..............................................................
i-
I / invite / to a p a rty
......................................................
j.
Bob / interview / by the m a n a g e r
.....................................................
W I E L K A G R A M A T Y K A J Z Y K A A N G IE L S K IE G O
Z a m ie z d a n ia n a s tro n b ie r n :
/
a
P e o p le sp e a k E nglish a ll o ve r the w o rld .
b. A vet c u re s a n im a ls .
c. A reporter writes newspaper articles,

d Mum waters the flowers every day.
e. Mary teaches children French.
f.
The c le a n e r c le a n s o u r o ffic e every tw o days.
g. A driver takes Mr Jones to his office every morning.

h . E v e ry b o d y m a k e s m ista k e s .
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n i form strony b ie rn e j:
a
A n e w P re s id e n t ( a p p o in t ) ..............................................................every 5 years.
W e (e x a m in e ) .............................................................. by th e strictest o f a ll th e te a c h e rs .
c . M a n y a c c id e n ts (ca u se ) .............................................................. by s p e e d in g .
d . C r im in a ls ( s e n d ) .............................................................to Prjso n as a P u n is h m e n t.
e . O u r c a r ( k e e p ) ............................................................. ' n ^ e
f.
W o o l (n o t w a s h ) ............................................................. ,n
9a r a 9e w a te r *
g. Where (chocolate, produce) ..................................................?

h. This area (flood).................................................every year.
a
fire , th e fire b r ig a d e
(call)................................................
i.
W h e n e v e r th e re is
j.
These earrings (m ake).................................................. of 9old and diamonds-
13.1.2. S trona b ie rn a czasu Past Simple

Z d a n ie tw ie rd z c e :
Strona bierna
Strona czynna
M u m c o o k e d d in n e r yesterday.
M am o ugotowaa wczoraj obiad
D inner y/qjj cooked (by mum) yesterday.

O biad zosla wczoraj ugotowany (przez
mam).
te postman brought the letters.

l istonosz przynis listy
The letters
brought b y the postman.
Listy zostay przyniesione przez listonosza.
1 3. S T R O N A B IE R N A
i l ' P l* c" 1<~ " lk - b y t ' m o

VV7
____________
P a st S im p le
w as
podmiot
trz e c ia fo rm a
by + d o p e n ie n ie
c z a s o w n ik a
w e re
^
----------d o tu m " w o l n .
M o ja d o k u m ,,,,, , a
0lv
ro d, 10
My car was d a m a g e d in th e accident.

M j samochAH ,
w o . c o , . d b y * fo g . - * * * *
* .
',
J
- *
pfzczenie:
P a s t S im p le
was not
( w a s n 't )
Podm iot
w e re n o t
trz e c ia Form a
c z a s o w n ik a
(w y k o n a w c a ) .
( w e r e n 't )
My docum ents w e r e n 't s to le n , I lo s t th e m .

My car w a s n 't d a m a g e d in th e a c c id e n t.
M o je dokum e nty nie zostay skradzione, zg u b ia m je.

M j sam och d nie zosta uszkodzony w w ypa dku
Pytanie:
P a s t S im p le
Was
trzecia forma
czasow nika
podmiot
Were
W at your c o t b o d jy d a o t o g . d h f t . a c c id . n t ,
b y + dopenienie
(w ykonaw ca).
C , .otoo cbd d .o d d ! b o td to o ttk o d to o ,
w wypodku?
Vet, it was. lub No, it wasn't.

What wo* the accident caused b y?
When w a. the mugger arrested?
C o s p o w o d o w d o wypadk?
Kmdy ro s ta la io s rt o w o n ^ e ^ ^ ^ ^ S1#niu
How many people were killed in the earthqua
WICZENIA
QH
Z ro z s y p a n y c h w y r a z w u z d a n ia w stro n ie b ie rn e j (czas P as S im p le ):
a . this house / b u ild / in 19 8 5
...................................................................
b. o u i flig h t / ca n ce l / because o f th ick fo g
...................................................................
c. this b o o k / w rite / by Ryszard K apuciski......................................................................................

d. o u r c a r / steal / last n ig h t.................................................................... ................................................
e. this p h o to / take / last s u m m e r in Paris............................................................................................
f.
this p a in tin g / p a in t / by P ablo Picasso........................ ....................................................................
g. the p a tie n t / g iv e / an in je c tio n ....................................... ....................................................................

h. the d in n e r / p re p a re / by m u m a n d g ra n .................... ....................................................................
i.
Tom / n o t invite / to S a lly 's p a rty.................................... ....................................................................
j.
the id e a / no t a c c e p t / by the b o a rd o f d ire c to rs
....................................................................
Z a m ie z d a n ia n a s tr o n b ie r n q :
a . The te a c h e r c o rre c te d the test.
.....................................................................
b. M ic h a L o re n c c o m p o s e d the m u s ic fo r this f ilm ...........................................................................

c. Jen ny w ro te this le tte r.
.....................................................................
d. The m a n a g e r fire d S ally.
.....................................................................
e. M a ria S k fo d o w s k a -C u rie d is c o v e re d p o lo n iu m .............................................................................

f.
The d o c to r e x a m in e d th e p a tie n t.
.................... .................................................
g . T h e p u p ils a n s w e re d a ll the q u e s tio n s .
.....................................................................
h. M y d a d g a v e m e a n e w b ic y c le fo r m y b ir th d a y .............................................................................
i.
W e sa w Tom in the p a rk yesterday.
.....................................................................
j.
This tim e , M a rk d id the s h o p p in g .
.....................................................................
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w i e d n i q f o r m q s t r o n y b ie r n e j w c z a s ie P a s t Sim ple:
a . W h e n (the first H a rry Potter b o o k , p u b lis h ) .............................................................................................. ?
b.
T he fa c to ry ( c lo s e )
c.
H u n d re d s o f p e o p le ( k i l l ) .............................................................................................. in the e a rth q u a k e .
rl
e.
f.
b e c a u s e o f the crisis.
I h e p a c k a g e (n o t d e l iv e r ) ................................................................................................o n tim e .
The te le p h o n e (disc o v e r )
................................................................................by A . G . Bell.
This to p ic ( d is c u s s ) .............................................................................................. d u r in g the last m e e tin g .
g . T h e o ffe r (n o t a c c e p t ) .................................................................................................
h
T o m m y ( p u n is h ) ............................. ............... ...................... ...
b e c a u s e he w as ru d e .
i.
T h e d o o r (n o t l o c k ) ..............................................................................................p ro p e rly , th a t's w hy som ebody

b r o k e in to th e h o u s o
.............
(th e s u itc a s e s , p a c k ) o n times-
13. STR O N A B IERN A
#tm| zdania
iW .
o d p o w ie d n iq
fo rm q
s tro n y
b ie rn e j
czasie
Past Simple lub
0 prtf'
r^n W 'M illio n s o l n e w s p a p e r s ( s e l l ) ...................................................... e a c h d a y .
This ,' n ie '
l , a ' n ^n *
.................................................... ar|d w e a r r iv e d o n tim e .
l Th(S o ld c a st le ( f o r g e t ) ..................................................... , n o o n e e v e r g o e s th e re .
j O v e r 6 0 0 p e o p l e ( e m p l o y ) .................................................. ,. b y t h e c o m p a n y .
Our neighbours' house ( s e ll) ..........................................................last week.

I
This b r id g e ( b u i l d ) .....................................................la s t y e a r .
I fhm k I ( f o l l o w ) ...................................................... o n m y w a y h o m e la s t n ig h t .
D e a l p o s s e n g e r s , b e c a u s e o f t h e s t r ik e , a ll p l a n e s ( c a n c e l ) .................................................... t o d a y
M a n y p a in t in g s ( d a m a g e ) ...................................................... b y t h e fire a t th e m u s e u m .
..................................... ( b a n a n a s , g r o w ) in P o l a n d ?
13.1.3. Strona b ie rn a czasu Future Sim ple

S tro n a b ie rn a
S tro n a c z y n n a
D in n e r w ill b e c o o k e d (b y m um ) to m o rro w .
M u m w ill c o o k d in n e r to m o rro w .
-
M a m a
u g o tu je
ju tr o
o b ia d .
Th#
The p o s tm a n w ill b rin g the letters.

-
L is t o n o s z
s t r o n ie
p r z y n ie s ie
b ie r n e j w
lis t y .
c z a s ie
Futur Simpie
O b ia d
c z a s o w n ik
z o s ta n ie
le t te r s
b y "
m a
u g o to w a n y
(p rz e z
m a m ).
b e b ro u g h t b y the postm an.
w ill
L is t y z o s t a n
ju tr o
p r z y n ie s io n e
ty lk o
je d n
fo rm
p rz e z
lis t o n o s z a .
w ill be.
Future Simple
Podmiot
trzecia forma
czasownika
w ill be
by + dopenienie
(wykonawca).
The salaries will be increased next year. - W przyszym roku pensje zostan podniesione.
The football match will be played next week. W przyszym tygodniu zostanie rozegrany mecz
piki nonej.
Przeczenie:
Future Simple
Podmiot
w ill not be
(w on't be)
trzecia forma
czasownika
by + dopenienie
(wykonawca).
The s a la rie s w ill n o t b e in c re a s e d n e x t y e a r. - W przyszym roku pensje nie zo sta n podniesione.

The fo o tb a ll m a tc h w o n 't b e p la y e d n e x t w e e k .
z o s ta n ie rozegrany.
dla pocztkujcych i /.uowunsowanych
W przyszym ty g o d n iu m ecz p ik i nonei nie
13. STRONA BIERNA
Pytani
Fufure Si m ple
W ill
podmiot
be
trzecia forma
czasownika
by + dopenienie
(wykonawca).
Will the salaries be increased next year? C /y w przyszym roku pensje zostanq p o d n ie s io n e ?
Ye, they will. lub No, they won't.
Will the football match be played next week. C /y w przyszym ty g o d n iu ro ze g ra n y zo sta n ie mecz
pliki nonej?
Yes, i w ill lub N o , it w o n 't .
Why will the salaries be
increased next year?
D la c z e g o
przyszym
ro k u
pensje
zostanq p o d n ie s io n e ?
Where will the football match be played next week.

zostanie mecz p ik i n onej?
G d z ie w przyszym ty g o d n iu ro ze g ra n y
WICZENIA
(c z a s
Future S im p le J:
w s tr o n ie b i e r n e j
u z d a n ia
Z ro z s y p a n y c h w y r a z w
a . o il problem s / solve / o n e d a y
b. the fusion o f the tw o com panies / announce / o n F rid a y
USIL/II u'.
1rm o n o f o u r co m p a n y
c the speech / deliver / by the chairm an
d the b ill / p a y / tom orrow

e. the conference / organise / next m o n th
f. o u r house / redecorate 1 soon
g. the new b o o k b y Paolo C o e lh o / publish / in July
iu
----
h.
new lu
furniture
deliver
/ oround 5
h. new
iiiiiu iv t/
-
i. the exam / h o ld / next W e d n e s d a y a t 10

j.
I h o p e our offer / a c c e p t
Boba i M ary? N apisz z d a n ia w stronie biernej

Co bdzie zrobione przed przyjciem
w czasie Future Simple:
Bob and M a ry 's anniversary party:
-
buy new dress ond suit

- make o list o f guests
send invitations
order a coke at the cake shop
book a restaurant
find accom m odation fo r guests
- choose o special song

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
9-
Uzupenij zdania odpowiedni form strony biernej

w czasie Past Sim ple, Present Simple
ub Future Simple:
a.
b. Perhaps, my article (print)
1 e, re p a ir) fo r n e xt M o n d a y ?
c. A new road ( b u ild ) .......................
in th e lo c a l p a p e r .
d The thief (p u n ish )..................................................

e
The kids ( n o ta llo w ) .................................................................... .....
i ka l
'
re f u n d e d .
M y boss (arrest)
I'm sorry, but you (not invite)
" h i r '-
h p e this mystery ($0 lvf*)
i-
next
Two pe op le (injured)
to m y h o u s e la s t m o n th .
a 2 - y e a r s e n te n c e fo r th e b u rg la ry .
..........P la y f o o t b a ll in t h e liv in g r o o m o n d
....................................
fr a u d y e s te rd a y !
........................................................ * * > p o rt
....................................
..........................................................................
e v e ry d a y .
286
* -
.....................................in . c ; id0, ,hii momio
:
rv'.AOJ
r r ttZ
1 3. STRONA BIERNA
y^jfworzenie strony biernej czaswcigych

]32j. Strona bierna czasu Present Continuous
Strona czynna
Strona bierna
Mvm i oîng dinner.
Dinner is being cooked (by mum).
.Ulotno gotuje o b ia d .
- O b ia d jest (teraz) g o to w a n y (przez m am ).
Mark is writing letters.
Letters are being written by Mark.
. M a r k pisze listy.
- Listy sq (teraz) pisane przez M a rka .
,Vstronie biernej w czasach C o n t i n u o u s p o ja w ia si d o d a tk o w y e le m e n t - im ie s w czasu teraniejszego

r w n ik a .by", czyli b e i n g . Z d a n ie w s tro n ie b ie rn e j ska d a si zatem z p o d m io tu , o d p o w ie d n ie j fo rm y
c z a s o w n ik a
p ro s ty c h
by , im iesow u b e i n g , trze cie j fo rm y cza so w n ika i d o p e n ie n ia . T a k jak w przypadku czasw
forma czasownika by' zaley o d czasu i liczby, w kt re j w ystpuje p o d m io t. Im ie s w b e i n g jest
niezmienny i wystpuje zawsze w z d a n ia c h w stro n ie b ie rn e j cza s w C o n t i n u o u s .
A new school is being built in our town. - W naszym m ie cie jest (teraz) b u d o w a n a n o w a szkoa.
The classrooms are being cleaned at the moment. - Klasy sq (w tej ch w ili) sprztane.
The student is being examined at the moment. - S tudent jest w a n ie e g za m in o w a n y.
Przeczenie tworzymy, d o d a j c d o c z a s o w n ik a b y " s w k o n o t . M o n a stosow a fo rm y skr co ne ,
odpowiednie dla d a n e g o czasu. P yta n ia z a m k n i te ta k / n ie tw o rzym y przez inw ersj - s ta w ia j c na
pocztku zdania form b y " , n a s t p n ie p o d m io t, p o te m im ie s w b e i n g , a na ko cu trze ci fo rm
aosownika. W p yta n ia ch o tw a rty c h d o d a je m y na p o c z tk u o d p o w ie d n i za im e k pytajny lu b przysw ek.
A new school isn't being built in our town. - W naszym m ie cie nie jest (teraz) b u d o w a n a n o w a
szkoa.
The classrooms aren't being cleaned at the moment. - K lasy n ie sq (w tej c h w ili) sp rz ta ne .
The exams aren't being written a t the moment. - E g za m in y nie sq eraz pisane.
h a new school being built in yo u r town? - Czy w tw o im m iecie jest teraz b u d o w a n a now a
szkoa?
Yw, it 5. lub No, it isn't.

Are the classrooms being cleaned at the moment?
Czy k la sy sq e ra z sprztane?
they are. lu b No, they are n't.

Where i$ the new school being built? G d z ie jest b u d o w a n a n o w a szkoa?
Who ** being examined by the teacher? K io jest e g z a m in o w a n y przez nauczycielom
^ h y are the classrooms being cleaned at the moment?
I )la c z e g o klasy s eraz sprzqtcinev
M C IIN IA
1
< X * *,
b, ei tT O
II,o c o r / ,e p Qir /
lh e m <jm eiit
*"
"""I
P h o t o s / ta k e / b y B e n n o w .......................................................................................................................
C, th e w h o le c o n c e r t / r e c o r d ................................................... ..................................................................
d . th e n e w b u d g e t / p r e p a r e / b y th e g o v e r n m e n t
.................................................................. .
e . t o m a t o s o u p / c o o k / a t th e m o m e n t
f.
...................................................................
t h e P r im e M in is t e r / a s k / m a n y q u e s tio n s .................. ......................................................................
g . a b o t t le o f c h a m p a g n e / o p e n / n o w
...................................................................
h . o u r o f f ic e / r e d e c o r a t e / n o w
..................................................
i.
t h e d is h e s / w a s h / b y o u r h o u s e k e e p e r
....................................................................
j.
t h e m o n u m e n t / r e n o v a t e / a t th e m o m e n t
...................................................
Z a m ie z d a n ia na stron biernq:
a.
S o m e b o d y is s i n g i n g a s o n g .
b.
P a s s e n g e r s a r e b o a r d i n g th e p la n e .
c.
D a d is p a i n t i n g t h e r o o m .
d.
T h e g a r d e n e r is m o w i n g th e la w n ........................... ........ ..............................................
e.
T h e m o t h e r is f e e d i n g th e c h ild ............................... .......................................................
f.
T h e y a r e s h o o t i n g a film in o u r stre e t to d a y .
g.
T h e w a it e r is s e r v i n g d e s s e r t .................................... .......................................................
h.
B o b is e a t i n g a s a n d w i c h . ........................................ ........................................................
i.
S t u d e n t s a r e w r it in g a test........................................ ........................................................
j.
T h e t e a c h e r is c o r r e c tin g essays...................................... .......................................................................
.......................................................
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n i form q strony biernej w czasie Present Continuous lub
Present Simple:
, ,
,
i
D i n n e r a t o u r h o u s e ( a l w a y s / s e r v e ) ...............................................
b ; B o b ! C o m a e n d si. a . . h e . o b i . ! D i n n e r ( s e r v e ) .............................
c.
O u r d o g (u s u a lly /
d.
F i s h ( r a r e ly /
ta k e )...................
....................... ^ ^
a* seven o 'c lo c k .
*....................................................
d re s s f o r M a r y ( s e w ) .................... Z
at
I Z Z Z ' Z
( c h e c k ) .............................
t^ e m o m
b e f o r e th e ta k e -o ff.
f.
The plane
g.
I ( q u e s t i o n ) ..............................................* ..............................................................
a n e w b o o k a b o u t C h i n a ( w r i t e ) ..............................................
j.
O u r w e d d i n g ( o r g a n i s e ) ..............................................
T h e m i c r o w a v e ( n o t u s e ) .........................................
by the po|ice at
,h e
moment.
now .
q p r o { e s s io n a | firm.
a t m o r n e n t.
g 2.2. S tro n a b ie r n a c z a s u Past C ontinuous

Strona czynna
Strona bierna
Dinner w a s being cooked (hy
yesterday.
was cooking dinner.
_ Moma gotow aa o b ia d .
m um )
O b ia d b y (wtedy) g o to w a n y (przez m a m ).
Mor|<was writing letters.
Letters w ere being written by Mnrlc
.M ark pisa listy-
Listy byy (wtedy) pisa ne przez M a rk a .
Formy strony biernej d la czasu P a s t C o n t i n u o u s sq tw o rz o n e a n a lo g ic z n ie d o czasu P r e s e n t S i m p l e
:rznicq,
czasow nik b y " jest w o d p o w ie d n ie j fo rm ie czasu przeszeg o, w a s lu b w e r e .
The piano w as b e in g p la y e d b y m y d a d . - Tata g r a na p ia n in ie .

Magazines w e re b e in g re a d b y m y b ro th e r. - G a z e ty b y y czytane przez b ro ta .
Dinner was be in g p re p a re d b y m y m um . - O b ia d b y szyko w a n y przez m a m .
The cats w eren't being fed by g ra n d m a .
Koty nie byy k a rm io n e przez b a b c i .
Dinner w a s n 't b e in g p r e p a re d d b y m y m um . - O b ia d n ie by szykow any przez m a m .

Magazines w e re n 't b e in g re a d b y m y b ro th e r. - G a z e ty n ie byy czytane przez m o je g o b ra ta .
Were the cats being fed by gra nd m a? - C zy ko ty byy k a rm io n e przez b a b c i ?

Yes, they were, lu b N o , they w e re n 't.
What was being p re p a re d by y o u r mum? - C o b y o s z y k o w a n e przez tw o j m a m ?
Who were the cats being fed by? - Przez k o g o byy k a rm io n e koty?
How long was the p ia n o being p la y e d by y o u r dad? - J a k d u g o tw j ta ta g r a n a p ia n in ie ?
W IC Z E N IA
Z rozsypanych w y ra z w u z d a n ia w stronie b ie rne j (czas Past C ontinuous):

a. the a c to r / in te rv ie w / b y a jo u r n a lis t......................................................................................................
b. ye ste rd ay e v e n in g a p a r ty / h o ld / a t m y h o u s e
....................................................................
c. S c ra b b le / p la y / b y th e c h ild r e n ............................................................................ ................... ...............

d. w he n I a rriv e d / d in n e r / s e rv e ............................................... ....................................................................
e- o p a tie n t / e x a m in e / f o r a n h o u r
...................................................................
T I / ask / m a n y q u e s tio n s a b o u t th e a c c id e n t
...................................................................
g. the n e w s h o p p in g m a ll / b u ild / f o r o v e r 2 y e a rs
..................................................................
b. the r o a d / r e p a ir / a fte r th e f lo o d
...... ............................................................
' the s h o p / c lo s e / w h e n I a r r iv e d
...................................................................
i- TV / w a tc h / a ll e v e n in g
........... ................................... ...................
""U W A T Y K A j z y k a a n g i e l s k i e g o
Zam ie zd a n ia na stron biern:

a- I was eating an ice cream.
The speaker was announcing the results,
c. rh e nurse was helping the injured,
d- The cook was chopping the onions.
e. The housekeeper was cleaning the floors.
f.
S om ebody was using the phone.
9- M u m was frying the pancakes.

h. O n e thousand people were watching the concert...............
i.
The boss was giving a speech,
j.
The p o lice were looking fo r a missing boy.
W y b ie rz p ra w id o w opcj:
a. This bracelet was made / was being made by my sister.
b. W h e n I arrived, ice cream w as eaten / was being eaten by the children.
c. Tom w a s b ro u g h t up / w as being brought up by his grandmother.
d. Tw o hundred people w ere made redundan / were being mad redundant because
o f th e com pany's financial situation.
w as used / was being used yesterday at 6.45.
e.
This
f.
The fo o tb a ll match w as cancelled / was being cancelled because o f the rain.
We
co m p u te r
w e re
fo llo w e d / w ere being follo w e d once we left the office.
h. A t th a t tim e grandpa was treated / was being treated fo r pneumonia in hospital.
Stro n a b ie rn a
Strona czynna
S tro n a b ie rn a
ft/m is going to cook dinner.

Storna ma zam iar ug oto w a o b ia d
<yiu" ~ _______
i ..
D in n e r is g o i n g to b e c o o k e d ( b y m um ).
Mark is 9 0 ,n 9 to w rite som e le tte rs .

Mark mo zam iar napisa kilka listw.
Letters a r g o i n g to b e w ritten b y M a r k
O b ia d bdzie ugotow any przez m am .
- Listy b d napisane przez M arko.
Strono cz y n n a
S tro n a b ie rn a
Mum was going to co o k dinner.
D in n e r w a s g o in g tQ b e c o o k e d ( b y m u m )
Mama miaa zamiar ugotowa obiad
- O b ia d m ia by u g o to w a n y przez matm.
Mark was going to w rite some letters.
Letters w e r e g o i n g to b e w ritten b y M a r k .
- Listy m ia y by napisane przez M a rka .
Mark mia zam iar napisa kilka listw.
K o n s tr u k c ja
g o i n g t o r w n ie m oe bye uyta w stro n ie b ie rn e j. Tak ja k we wszystkich czasach zm ienia
tylko forma
c z a s o w n ik a
b y
i s lu b a r e
w o d n ie s ie n iu d o przyszoci lu b w a s i w e r e
do
p rze szo ci.
The house is g o in g to be p a in te d .
D o m b dzie p rze m a lo w a n y.
N ew furniture is g o in g to be b o u g h t. - N o w e m e b le b d ku p io n e
New curtains are g o in g to be hung.
N o w e za so n y zo sta n pow ieszone.
The c a r w a s g o i n g to b e r e p a i r e d , b u t w e d i d n 't h a v e e n o u g h m o n e y to d o it. - S a m o c h d m ia

by napraw iony, a le n ie m ie li m y w y s ta rc z a j c o d u o p ie n id zy, eby to zro b i.
The kid s w e r e g o i n g to b e s e n t o n h o l i d a y s , b u t t h e y fell ill. - D zieci m ia y b y w ysa n e na
wakacje, a le z a c h o ro w a y .
The h o u s e is n 't g o i n g t o b e p a in t e d . - D o m n ie b d z ie p rz e m a lo w a n y .
N e w furniture i s n 't g o i n g t o b e b o u g h t .
N o w e m e b le n ie b d k u p io n e .
N e w flo o rs a r e n 't g o i n g t o b e la id . - N ie z o s ta n p o o o n e n o w e p o d o g i.
N e w c u rta in s a r e n 't g o i n g to b e h u n g . - N o w e za so n y n ie zo sta n p o w ie szo n e .
The c a r w a s n 't g o i n g t o b e r e p a i r e d . - S a m o c h d n ie m ia b y n a p ra w io n y .
The k id s w e r e n 't g o i n g to b e s e n t o n h o l i d a y s . - D z ie c i n ie m ia y by w ysa n e n a w a k a c je .
Is n e w fu rn itu re g o i n g t o b e b o u g h t ?
C z y n o w e m e b le zo s ta n k u p io n e ?
A re n e w c u r t a in s g o i n g t o b e h u n g ?
C zy z o s ta n p o w ie s z o n e n o w e za so n y?
W e r e the k id s g o i n g to b e s e n t o n h o l i d a y s ?
W h e n is n e w f u r n it u r e g o i n g t o b e b o u g h t ?
W h e r e w e r e th e k i d s g o i n g t o b e s e n t ?
^ iwykiobce pl
C zy d z ie c i m ia y b y w y s a n e n a w a k a c j e ?
K ie d y b d k u p io n e n o w e m e b le *
G d z ie d z ie c i m ia y b y t w y s a n e ?
dla pociqlku|qcych t zaawansowanych
WICZENIA
u zd a n ia w stronie
m
Z ro z s y p a n y c h w y ra z w
a. the car / repair / next week
b. the students / examine / on Friday

c. the conference f h o ld i lost Monday
d. a party for Jane / organise / o n S a tu rd a y
e. grandma / take / to hospital fo r surg ery
f. the letters / send / yesterday, b u t I forg ot

g. the parcel / deliver / yesterday
h. the restaurant / b o o k / fo r tom orrow evening
Zamie zdania na stron biernq:

a. We ore going to sell the house.
b. W e were going to e a t pasta f o r d in n e r .
c. My parents were going to b u y a n e w sofa.
d. Tom is going to clea n th e w h o le house.

e. We are g o in g to c a ll a d o c to r.
f. They are going to cut d o w n th a t tree.
9 I was going to read that b o o k .
h- W e are going to discuss that issue at th e m e e tin g .
b ie rn e j (ko n stru kcj
O. j l K U N A
4 Tworzenie stron
b iernej czasw Perfect

Strona bierna
strona czynna
l riX k e d dinner.
^ X t o w a t o obiad.
1
* ,
BIERNA
Dinner has been cooked (by mum).

O b ia d zosta ugotowany przez rnam .
I
------- -------------1
Some letters have been written by Mark
K , has written some letters.
1
- Listy zostay n apisane przez M arka.
n o p * ^ ! ! ^ ____________________
Strona bierna
Strona czynna
Mumhod cooked dinner.
I ^Moma ugotowao obiad.
I Mark had written some letters.
-Mark napisa kilka listw.
Dinner had been cooked (by mum).

- O b ia d ro s ia ugotow any przez m am .
Some letters had been written by Mark.

- Listy zo sta y n a p is a n e przez M a rk a .
- 0*. Perfect zarw no P r e s e n t , ja k i P a s t , r w n ie m o g by uyte w s tro n ie b ie rn e j. W czasie

present Perfect czasow nik,, b y " p rz y jm u je fo rm h a s b e e n lu b h a v e b e e n , n a to m ia s t w P a s t P e r f e c t
had been.
This delicious cake has been baked by my mum.
- T o pyszne c ia s to z o s ta o u p ie c z o n e przez
moj mam.
All the cookies have been eaten by Tommy. - Wszystkie ciastka zostay zjedzone przez. T o m m ie g o .
A sandwich has been made fo r you. - Z o s ta a z ro b io n a d la c ie b ie k a n a p k a .
The snacks have been prepared for the party. - P rzekski zo sta y p rz y g o to w a n e na im p re z .
The cake had been eaten before I arrived. - C ia s to z o s ta o z je d z o n e , z a n im przysza m .
The invitations had been sent before I asked Mark to do it. - Z a p ro s z e n ia zo s ta y w y s a n e , z a n im
poprosiam M a rk a , eby to z ro b i.
All Ihe cookies haven't been eaten by Tommy. - W szystkie ciastka n ie zostay zjed zo n e
przez Tommiego.
A sandwich hasn't been made fo r you. - N ie zostaa z ro b io n o d la c ie b ie k a n a p k a .

The cake hadn't been eaten before I arrived. - C ia s to n ie zo sta o zjed zo n e , za n im przyszam
The invitations hadn't been sent before I asked M ark to do it. - Z a p ro s z e n ia n ie zo sta y w ysa n e ,
zanim poprosiam M a rk a , eby to z ro b i.
Has this delicious cake been baked by your mum? - C zy to pyszne c ia sto z o sta o u p ie c z o n e przez
lw>jq mam?
.
,
Hod the cake been eaten before you arrived? - C zy c ia s to z o s ta o zje d zo n e , z a n im przysza*?
Why have the snacks been p re p a re d ?
D la c z e g o p rz e k s k i zo sta y p rz y g o to w a n e ?
Who had the invitations b e en sent by?
Przez k o g o z o s ta y w y s a n e za p ro sze n ia ?
^fftfykiobce.pl
fJ|u pocztkujcych i zaawansowanych
293
.1"
A -
,
w stronie b ie rn e j (czasy P erfect)
u zdania w srr
A <'*
r j z
a the
&
/ not finish / ye
b. the
,
,
c my phone /s te a
d all the letters / send

l ^ n // byy Tom .
the room // rclean
'
0.
1M 1
b. the w in n e r/ announce
the message / delete

c o m p u te r /b u y /to my office
a new
jOriOS
fit
Zamie zd ania na stron b ie rn q :

a. They have recently repaired the road.
b.
have finished the
re p o rt.
c. Somebody hos taken my m obile phone.
jjjownW-
d. I have done the shopping.
impeded th a t
e. Tom had made the reservation.

f. I had booked the concert tickets before.
g. Mum hos advised Tom to confess to his lie.
h. Bob has taken many beautiful photos.
to h
i. I hove made many new friends recently,
t abeiieved to
j. Henry hos made up this story.
"fsaidto hav^
Present
Uzupenij zdania odpowiednimi czasownikami w form ie strony biernej w czasie

Perfect:
^'îwrc;
hang
lock
find
leave
arrest
spend
d rink
damage
lose
in s ta ll
Pc
^ôltanifoi
a. A set of keys.............
b. A message
c- My co ffe e
r
Z
on th e bus.
^
Oppose k
usfoiert
d. A priceless statue
by the police.
9- A new program
................. re cently th a n I e x p e c te d .
h- My le tte r................
' The murderer
I- A new painting
> **
................................. o n m y c o m p u te r .
P ostm an.
^Ppo
in p riso n .
o n th e w a ll.
*1*
sy
dla
Pocztkujcych i
!00anSOwanych
fftVt':*
Zr:
13. S T R O N A B IE R N A
13.5. Strona bierna: zastosowanie czasownikw

sa y, believe, suppose itp.______________
oowszecfinyu'y^..,
dooglnych zjavslsk lub konkretnych osb
II
1-
--------
s lepszymi kierowcami ni kobiety,
I, s known tfwt men are better drivers than women
kierowcam i ni kobiety.
It
,1
'
mczyni sq iepsz/rni
' r om o/
in statistics that 70% of road accident,

j l
- Statystyki donosz, e 70 % wypodkw na drogach
jest s-or -d o w
T a* n y c h prze* m<>zczyzn,
^
W Oprzez
m enl
ko*ty!
J
'eSl
nie
is re p o rte d
It is said t h a t ...
It is belie ved / th o u g h t t h a t ...
ft is re p o rte d t h a t ...
It is know n t h a t ...
It is e xpe cted t h a t ...
John is said to b e a g r e a t d r iv e r . - M w i si, ze Johr. est w ietnyrr kie ro w cq

John is k n o w n to h a v e a v e r y fa s t c a r . - / / o d o m o , ze John rno sz/b k
John is b e lie ve d to h a v e c a u s e d a s e rio u s a c c id e n t.
John is said tc h a v e s o ld his fa s t c a r .
sa m o ch d
'Jw ao v , zeJohn s p o w o d o w a p o w a n y
M w i s , e J o h r sprzeda- sw j szyhk
s/ j ^
ochd
Uwoga! Noley z w r c i uwag n a form czasownika w bezokoliczniku w ta k ic h zdaniach, gdy odnoszq

: do
* e r c r 'e
szco 2o czasw^ < raportu;qcyrr // s t r a e
bezckoi czr <a to h a v e to b e ,
b i e rr
ei, odnoszqc/rr si d o *eror- ciszoci
e odnossm / s do przeszfie
bezoko! czr ha przeszego
to hove sold to h a v e c a u s e d , rip.

'Czosc*- , s u p p o s e uyw a,
-e r oo wyrozer a o a z *
w obec k o g o t /
czego, w /r >o q<ycr
: ezetniepzyrf* utfce n
John f j o p p o s e d to b e h e re a t fW e .
is supposed to
ha ve
h e lp e d
John ^ ra ?j*a
M a ry
o 5
w ith the s h o p p in g .
John r- -at
por- zy M ory
z c fc u p c c h .
* * c s supposed to be w a rm to d a y .
d zivo i
ROC**</iqyc>9
293
. z w ( g t - n y cza so w n ik w c z a , i. l. r o n i. js z y n *
ff- y/
la z rozsypanycr.
rozsyPanT " r/
g j U zdania
0. a( wv
^,
u .u ^ o n e s can be h a rm fu l
c 1/ say / m obile phones con oe
------ *
d. teenagers / say / be addicted to mobile phones
e. two hundred people / report / be killed in th e crash
................................................................................................................................
f. Mark / believe / be an honest and generous man
.......................
,/
V
.......................................
...................................
^
yi
the weather / expect / change soon
....
the winter / expect / end soon
........................................................
= i t / b e lie ve /
k. j e n n y / s a y / b e
.....................................................................
................
/ s te a l a lo t o f m o n e y
the
..................
m o s t t a le n t e d s t u d e n t
...........................................
I. the film / suppose / finish a t 5
Zamie zd a n ia na stron b ie rn q .
o Everybody knows M a rk has m any u n u s u a l h o b b ie s .
b. Everybody believes that the D e m o c ra tic c a n d id a te w ill w in
th e e le c tio n ,
c Everybody expects that Sandra w ill re c o v e r q u ic k ly a fte r th e s u rg e ry .

d
Reports say that m any teenagers o re p a ra ly z e d w ith stress b e f o r e t h e ir
Everybody knows John a n d Betty a re in v o lv e d in c h a rity .
exam s,
f. Everybody knows th a t the exam w ill be very d iffic u lt.

g. Everybody knows Ted and Jake a re best frie n d s .
h. Everybody knows that Linda w ent to A sia fo r 3 m o n th s .
Zam ie
zdania odnoszqce si do danej osoby:
It is said that Jane is an excellent artist. Ja n e ....
It is said that Roman Polaski is o ne o f the best m o v ie d ire c to rs in th e w o r ld .......
c. U ts expected that this film w.ll get an O scar.

e I II M l d i 0 ' !he UnempiV m ent >te has fa lle n s ig n ific a n tly .......
e It is believed that Jane w orks to o m u c h .......
i W k " 8 ie U k i-
d John nuai i^taj by o )2 John

e - Jone m iao p o m A
.
h W ,,.
^ c
'
z d a n ia a d p o d a n y c h w y r a a . :
^ ' e ra ^ k a rie r n i ycie
r o d z in n e . W o m e n
w M a r y , J o h n n y ....
I[" , k " " i y
w szyslla ch . T h is p a in t in g ....
1 3 . S T R O N A B IE R N A
13 6 Czasownik get + imiesw

fo s a m i w z d a n ia c h w s tro n ie b ie r n e j, z a m ia s t c z a s o w n ik a b y " , m o e by uyty c z a s o w n ik g e t zw aszcza
ndy m w im y o ty m , c o si k o m u p r z y tr a fio w k o n te k c ie n ie szcz i w y p a d k w . Jest to c h a ra k te ry s ty c z n e

a n ie fo rm a ln e g o jzyka m w io n e g o :
| w a s in v it e d t o a p a r t y . =
I g o t in v it e d t o a p a r t y . - Z o s ta a m z a p ro s z o n a n a im p re z .
Tw o p e o p l e w e r e h u r t in t h e c r a s h . = T w o p e o p l e g o t h u r t in th e c r a s h . - D w ie o s o b y zo sta y
ranne w w y p a d k u .
I was bitten by a dog. = I got bitten by a dog. - Z o s ta a m p o g ry z io n a przez p sa .
WICZENIA
Z a m ie n a s t r o n b ie r n q , u y w a j g c c z a s o w n ik a
get:
a. S o m e b o d y s to le m y b ik e .................................... .........................
b
M y b o ss fin a lly p a id m e f o r m y w o r k .....................................
c. H e o ffe r e d m e a p a y ris e ................................... .........................

d . The fire d a m a g e d th e p a in tin g s .
.........................
e. S o m e b o d y b r o k e th e v a s e .
.........................
f.
.........................
A b e e s tu n g m e .
g . M y b o s s fir e d m e !
.........................
h. M y b o s s p r o m o te d m y c o lle a g u e M a r k ...............................
13.7. Strona bierna - wiczenia

odsumowujgce
W IC Z E N IA
Uzupenij zdania odpowiedniq form czasownika w stronie biernej:

.................... (the d e c is io n / a n n o u n c e ) a lre a d y ?
a.
b. O u r fla t (re d e c o ra te )
â s * Ve a r '
c. I th in k I ( fo llo w ) ....................................................................r m s c a re d d. The m oney (tra n s fe r).............................................. ................to m o r r o w .

e. This film ( d ir e c t).................................................................by S teven S p ie lb e rg in 1 9 9 3 .
f.
The p a tie n t (e x a m in e )
by th e d o c to r a t th e moment.
g. I (never / in v ite ) ................................................................ to su ch a fa n c y party.

h. Tom ! D in n e r (s e rv e ).............................................................. !
i.
W hen the a m b u la n c e a rriv e d , th e in ju re d d riv e r (q u e s tio n )
.....................................................
by the p o lice.
j.
If it continues to snow , a ll flights (cancel) ...................................................................
k. U nfortunately y o u r last w ee k's
p re s e n ta tio n
(n o t
p re p a re )
......................................................
properly.
I.
Bread a nd
rolls
(bake)
...............................................................
in
b a ke ry
a nd cheese (moke!
............................................................ in a diary.
Uzupenij zdania odpowiedniq formq podanych czasownikw w stronie biernej:

deliver
water
delay
introduce
organise
sell
g iv e
fr o r c e
a n n o u n ce
know
c lo s e d o w n
d e stro y
a. This p l a n t .....................................
b. The f a c t o r y ..................................
............................................................................
d. O u r w e d d in g .............................
.................. tw ice o week.

..................... lost m onth because o f fin a n cia l problems.
(ever) to m ake such a d iffic u lt decision?
......................... by a professional com pany although if
q u ite costly.
e . I h o p e the p a c k a g e .................................................................. o n tim e .

f.
O u r h o u s e ................................................................. la s t m o n th f o r o v e r 3 0 0 , 0 0 0 .
g . F o u r houses in o u r v il la g e ...................................................................in y e s te rd a y s f 're h. The ju d g e s ' v e r d ic t.................................................................. (just).

i.
A ll to d a y 's f lig h t s ................................................................ d u e to ,
w eather conditions.
i- M a r k ................................................................ (kn o w ) to h a v e b iz a rre id e a s .
k. A b a n o n sm o kin g in p u b lic p la c e s ................................................................... re ce n tly
I. The w in n e r
in many
............................................................... h is m e d a l a t th e m o m e n t.
298
dlo iXK/tjtktMqcych l oawanawonyr.h
]4. Zdania warunkowe

Conditional semeni
A
zdonio w a r u n k o w e s k t a d a i s i z a w s z e z d w c h c z o n w zdania and

do spenienia o r a z z d a n ia n a d r z d n e g o , o p is u j c e g o czynno H a
S a n e k ze z d a n ia p o d r z d n e g o . O t o p rz y k a d
I h g y e a lot of money,
w akacje d o F r a n c ji.
'
I will go on holiday to France. -
tru n e k
spe, si?
Jeli bd miaa pienidze, pojad na
Pierwsza ( p o d k r e lo n a ) c z z d a n ia w y ra a w a ru n e k : posiadanie pienidzy. Druga odnosi si do czynnoci,

ktra o d b d z ie s i , je li s p e n i si w a ru n e k : p o ja d d o Francji, pod warunkiem e bd mioa pienidze.
Zdanio w a r u n k o w e w j z y k u a n g ie ls k im m o g o d n o s i si do przyszoci, jak rwnie do teraniejszoci
i
przeszoci. W y r n ia s i trz y p o d s ta w o w e typy zda warunkowych: typ pierwszy, drugi i trzeci. Ponadto
istnieje ta k e tz w . ty p z e r o w y " o ra z w a ru n k i m ieszane. N ajoglniej zdania warunkowe okrela si take

jako re a ln e , o d n o s z c e s i d o p rzyszo ci o ra z n ierealne - do teraniejszoci i przeszoci. Na to, z |ak,m
w arunkiem m a m y d o c z y n ie n ia , w s k a z u j uyte w zdaniu czasy.
, iM u (jeli), lecz istnieje take szereg innych sp,nikw,
P odstaw ow ym s p jn ik ie m z d a w a ru n k o w y
|
^
na przykad: unless (chyba e, o ile me),
ktre z o s ta n o m w io n e w k o le jn y c h p o d ro
. s u p p o s in g (przypumy, zakadajc ze),
p r o v i d i n g / p r o v i d e d (p o d w a ru n k ie m , za ka d a . c ze),
hoald (jeli, gdyby) i w * innych.
K olejn o z d a k lo d o w y c h
ok i o d ^ d n e .
ie a
N a le ,
7 * P,dnko.
b ~ " - 0 ,0
" * * * * P
rtm nne ci.
m e, I ^
I w ill help you if y U ^
z d o n i.
p o * " i '
trzeba w s ta w i p o n im p rz e c in
PpOPr SiSZ-
'
299
..l l M q <ych i
VCh
g r am atyka
jzyka
a n g
WIELKA
.e l s k .e g
14.1. Zdania w arunkow e - typ zerow y

Zdania warunkowe typu z e ro w e g o odnoszq si d o kw estii, k t re sq zaw sze praw dziw e, no _
p aJ 0 natury lub
p r z y z w y c z a io .
N ie dolyczq o n e je d n o s tk o w y c h s ta n w lu b sytuacii. W takfch J
spjnik if (jeli) moe by zastqpiony przez w h e n
In,0ch
kie ly).
' If (when) you heat ice, It m elts. - Jeli (kiedy) p o d g r z e j l d , o n s.

If (when) you are 18 , you con buy cigarettes. - Jeli (gdy) m asz 18
ro z ta p ia .
lo t, moesz kupi
PQP'erosy.
W zdaniach warunkowych typu z e ro w e g o " w o b yd w u czciach z d a n ia w ystpu je czas P re s e n t Si
impie
lub czasownik m odalny ca n / m u s t / m a y w fo rm ie czasu te ra n ie jsze g o .
If / w h e n + P r e s e n t S i m p l e , P r e s e n t S i m p l e
Inne przykady zda warunkowych typu ze row e go":
When it is sunny, many people go for walks in the park.
- K iedy jest c ie p o , wiele ludzi chodzi
na spacery do parku.
If you drive too fast, you must pay a speeding fine.
- Jeli jedziesz za szybko, musisz zoplad
mandat za przekroczenie prdkoci.
When I am tired, I usually take a bath and then go to sleep.
- Kiedy jestem zmczona, bior
kpiel i id spa.
When you don't water the plants, they die.
- G d y nie p o d le w a s z ro lin , o n e usychajq.
C W IC Z E N IA
Uzupenij zdania odpow ie dnim i form am i c z a s o w n ik w w na w ia sach :

a. When it (ra in )
b. |f m ea| (a tN ...............................' m
....
.
,
Pe p le (s ta y )......................................a t hom e and watch W.
1 .............................. wet, it (rust) ..
C. When you (b re a k )
d. If you (be)
,
'..........
e. When you (mix)............................ .......
,
....... .. ........................
a w ' you (9et) ...................................... punished.
Pe p !e ' ,hey (be> ....................................nice to you.
f- When Tom (w a n t)................................
and b lu e ' V0 (get) ..................................... green.
g. I (not w a lk )
relax' be alw ays (lis te n ).................................... to music.
h. When you (peel)

' I you (study)
i* II you (not
..................... a l n0
the parl< w ben if (get) .....................................dark'

o n ,o n J you (cry) ......................................
a r / you ( g e t) ..................................... g o o d results.
pay)
grades for your tests.
attention du rin g classes, you (get) .................................
k- If the car (b re a k ).......

* w hen homemade
o a doctor.
dl,J Pc,,kuiqcych
m eH ^'
/oowonsowanyeh
' d Wn' * ^toke) ..................................... if to the mechanic.
(not
w ork)
.,
we
(go)
-xsV,
1 4 . Z D A N IA W A R U N K O W E
Poifl
cz ici zd o w Pory. b y
t w
l o
iczne wyp 0 w ied 2 i;
1 . When I have a headache, ....
2. When w e're hungry, ....

3. When it is cold, ....
4 . If T o m
goes away on business, ....
5. When Jane has some money......

6. If y o u
don't know the meaning of a word, ....
7. If y o u
wash wool in hot water, ....
8 . If y o u
want to make Jane happy, ....
a.
she buys c lo th e s a n d e a rrin g s .
b.
I ta k e a p a in k ille r,
c.
b u y h e r s o m e c h o c o la te
d.
I'm ve ry s a d .
e.
w e g o o u t fo r a sn a ck,
f.
it s h rin k s .
9-
y o u lo o k it u p in a d ic tio n a ry .
h.
I sta y a t h o m e a n d d rin k h o t
c h o c o la te .
a sie d o w y d a r z e , k t r e b d q m io t y m ,e ,s c e w p r z y s z o * ,, ^
Z d a n ia w a ru n k o w e typ u p ie rw s z e g o o 0 " 0 5 ^
e r e a ln e , m o liw e d o s p e n ie n ia ,
z o sta n ie s p e n io n y p e w ie n w a ru n e k . b q o sy
|f the weather is nice tom orrow , w

p o je d z ie m y n a w y c ie c z k r o w e ro w
_ J e it i j u r o b d z ie o d n Q
a w d o p o d o b ie s t w o ,
(|
e jutro b d z ie a d n o pogodc
w y c ie c z k )
,he univerii,y T
uczy si wysra rc 2 . j q c o d u o , n i zd a sz e g z a m in u w s t p n e g o n o u n iw e r s y te t.
zd a n ia ch
w arunkow ych
typu
p ie rw s z e g o
z d a n iu
p o d rz d n y m
po
' ' Je!li nie b,d!,K!
s p O jn ik u
w s t p u je
P r e s e m S i m p l e , n o to m io s lw z d o n iu n a d rz d n y m a o s przyszy F u t o r e S i m p l e , cz y i, w i l l + c z a s o w n ik . Z o n a ,
czasu przyszego m o g w ystpow a ta ke cz a s o w n ik i m o d a ln e c a n / m u s t / m a y lu b try b ro zka zu j cy.
If y o u e v e r n e e d h e lp , y o u c a n a l w a y s c a ll m e . - J e li k ie d y k o lw ie k b d z ie s z p o t r z e b o w a a pom ocy,
m oesz zawsze d o m n ie z a d z w o n i .
If w e d o n t le a v e o n tim e , w e w ill m is s th e t r a in . - J e li n ie w y jd z ie m y w p o r , n ie zdym y no
p o c i g .
If y o u d o n t r e p a i r th is h a i r d r y e r , y o u c a n b u y a n e w
m oesz k u p i n o w .
one. -
J e li n ie n a p r a w is z te j suszarki,
T
i r T
f
W e " V iS il S P h ie n W
W a y b t t e k . - J e li b d z ie m y m ie li w y s t a r c z . *
d u zo czasu, w d ro d z e powrotnej O d w ie d z im y Sophie.
G d y m w i c y jest p e w ie n , e d a n y w a ru n e k cie j
I w ill c a ll y o u w h e n I a r r iv e
W h e n th e le tte r a r r iv e s
W hen
hom e
I w ill in f r , r
w e fin ish th e p r o je c t
m ' Z a m ia s t s p jn ik a i , u y w a n e je s t w h e n .
a z w o n if< d o c ie b ie , k ie d y p r z y ja d d o d o m u .
'l T
w a k a c je .
~ ^ ' n f r m u i (? c i^
on
U w a g a ! W i l l w fo rm ie CZQSu
'* M O i "
b e l
.
X u w m b e so n ic e to w a it a
Jeli bylby p a n u p rze jm y p o c z e k a
'
ay. -
k je d y lis t d o jd z ie .
G d y s k o c z y m y p r o je k t , p o je d z ie m y 110
' i'-1" 1 w w , iq ,k o w y m *
I I y o u w i||
" ' ; ,' ;P U |' P r' ,w |c n ig d y w z d a n iu p o d r z d n y m , s p * "

" - . z n a a .n iu
sekund T
! ^
u p rzu ^
p r o ib y :
J n e S k " W , h a y u ' r e l o o k i n g f <>r h"
w ie m p a n u J o n e s o w i, e p a n g o s z u k a
Uzup*
* a Ityp 1):
e n o u g h tim e , I (h e lp )
fl. If I (hove).................
b If Tom ( p o s s ) ...........
h ' S e X O m S, h e (g o ) ............................. you with yon. l
t If I (fin is h )...................
, h j hP r | e d n ,im e < m y boss (let)
' r i p A*io.
j |f you ( m i s s ) ............
e |f your c o r (n o t s ta rt)
n If I (w o n t)................
, we (miss)
f. If we (not h u r r y ) .......
* e
................................ youalift-
* 9 ' * o t p a r t ,, |
l,oin'
h. If you ( b e ) .................................... h u n g r y , m u m ( m a k e )
i, If it M
.................. ...
.................................... s u n n y to m o r r o w , w e ( g o )
Y U 0 sondwich'
j. If Ann ( b e ) ...................................la t e a g a in , th e b o s s (fire)
k' ,,y0U ( b 6 ) .............................. tire d ' 1 <h e lP )
' h e ^ 0^ '
- *-" you in the kitchen
I( 1 <be no t> ................................ h o m e b y 11 P-m . to n ig h t, (not w a it) ........................
up for me,
m. When B ill ( f i n is h ) ..................................... H ig h S c h o o l, h e ( g o ) ............................... to university.

n. You ( f o il) .................................. y o u r e x a m s if y o u ( s p e n d ) .............................. all your time partying.
N a p isz z d a n i a w a r u n k o w e n a p o d s t a w i e p o d a n y c h tw ie rd ze :
a. You m ust s lo w d o w n . Y o u w ill p a y a s p e e d in g fin e . I f ....
b. You're fe e lin g w o rs e . Y o u s h o u ld g o to the d o cto r. I f ....

C- Maybe yo u w ill m e e t T o m . In v ite h im f o r d in n e r. I f ....
d. You m ust b e o n tim e a t s c h o o l. T h e te a c h e r w ill b e angry. If
* I'm still lo o k in g f o r a jo b . M a y b e w e w ill sell th e house and move out of town.
* Come to th e p a rty . M y fr ie n d s fr o m S c o tla n d w ill b e there. I f ....
9- Don t e a t a ll th e c h o c o la te s . Y o u w ill h a v e s to m a c h a c h e
h- 1wont to g o to th e U S A . I w a n t to see th e G ra n d C anyon.
' Y u s h o u ld s a v e s o m e m o n e y . Y o u w ill h o v e m o n e y o r a
' There is a |o t Qf s n o w . W e w a n t to m a k e o sn o w m a n .
^B tum acz zd an ia na j zyk angielski.

Jeli nie p o d o b a c i s i te n s w e te r, k u p s o b ie n
A *'1' le si cz u je s z , id d o le k a rz a !
z m ojego-
1* " j te le fo n n ie d z ia a , m o e sz skorzy
!: *
.
I
-------------------------e il J,m z o rt
y ' id d o d o m u l
dH
t
9r >
? POf)
ni'
lW / ie
j '' ^
S/r | tnie
1
|elefonu. be 5
doiY 1 P zw o/7 skorzysta z p a n a
frJ//fJ' J.f>ra*owo,zapomnijopodwyce!
3
J 1'* P a p ie ro s a , m oesz spo w odo w a poar
I f ....
....
osza si d o
Zdania warunkowe typu d ru g ie g o o d
te ra n ie js z o c i
lu b
p rz y s z o c i.
D otycz Syf
s p e )n io n y p e w ie n w a ru n e k . J e d n a k w a ru n e k ten nie
hipotetycznych, ktre m iayby m . e | s c e ^
n je re o |n e i n ie o d b d si.
moe zosta speniony, dla teg o tez sy u ^
^ ^
_ J e |. m je |jb y im y w ysta rcza j co du0
( * * * ' < -
hip> ,' n" po" iew oi" " mo"> -
Gd,b'im w,9ro' 00 loK,ii' poi l' * k>"
na wycieczk dookoa wiaa.
zdaniach
w a ru n k o w y c h
P a s S im p le , natom iast
typu
d ru g ie g o
z d a n iu
p o d rz d n y m
po
s p jn ik u
if
wystpuje czas
zdaniu nadrzdnym w o u l d + c z a s o w n ik . Z a m ia s t w o u l d m o g wystpowa
take czasowniki m odolne c o u id lub m ig h t .
If + P a s t S i m p l e , w o u l d ( c o u l d / m i g h t )
What would you do if you lost your job? - C o by z ro b i, g d y b y s tra c i p ra c ?

I wouldn t work at all if I had a rich husband. - G d y b y m m ia a b o g a te g o m a , w o g le bym nie
procowaa.
If Tom d id n 't h a ve so m uch w o r k , he w o u ld c o m e w ith u s t o J a n e 's p a r t y . - G d y b y Tom nie mia
tyle pracy, poszedby z nam i na im prez Jane.
I might help you if you asked me. - G dyby m n ie p o p ro s i, m o g a b y m ci p o m c .

3
w o u ld y o u h a n d i in th e p o ,ic e ? - G d ^
liczby pojedynczej
Vf a CZaSOwnika " b < ' d l wszystkich osb
dla pierwszej i trzeciej osoby liczbv DoieH
so w a n |est fo rm a w e r e . U ycie re g u la rn e j formy was
If I were (was) the Queen of F '7 j
dtdem' est jednak mniej popularne.
- Gdybym bya krlowa anaielskn 0 9 n ' 1 w o u ld s p e n d m o s t o f m y tim e w a lk in g m y dogs.

* ,i were
pikrrk.
(was) warmer, l e l o
f c
past
picnic.
n a s p a c e ra c h z m o im i psami,
- G d y b y b y o c ie p le j, z o r g a n iz o w a lib y ^
w o u lH
t n
bfa rd z o u p rz e im ie p ro b y WVStqpi w z d o n iu p o d rz d n y m p o sp in iku i lvlU
y ra te iu l if y Qu
i i
*
^ o m ia s t
'
ave a
Podobnie jak w przypadku w i l l

Z' C
l T
w N * . i
|V*
* - B ybym 1 * 1 = . S * *
S im p le
n m 'Z 'z ] z r ' ,hK,mo

IX irj3i9 ,,p moii'w
' * * * > i ; = - * . ' - ; ' ! " hr ;
t
ij
h e a d a c h e . - G d yb y tyle
'J,,,
ôwcin.owariYeh
i,c" a
. *
nie gada
iJlKP
zdania o d p o w ie d rtiq fo rm q czasow nika (typ 2)-
1(, (w in )

........................ a m illio n d o lla r s , I ( p u t ) ..............
b o ^ r ie n d M
.....................................
o n , I( b e , ............. I
jo h o ln o . w o r k ) ..................................................
it a ll in a bank.
.............
n ig h t, h e (g e t u p ) ..............................
m orning.
d K Y0U ( lo c k ) ......................................... m e c a r , th e y (n o t s t e a l) .........................................
e. |( jo n e ( b e ) ........................................ " l o r e e a s y - g o in g , she ( h a v e ) ........................................ m ore friends.
) || | ( c a n )......................................... c o o k , I ( p r e p a r e ) ....................................... .... d e liciou s d in n e r fo r you.
If you ( p a in t ) ......................................... th e r o o m y e llo w , it ( lo o k ) ........................................ m uch better.
h If we ( h a v e ) ........................................... e g g s , w e ( m a k e ) ........................................an om elette.

j
|f there (n o t b e ) ........................................... so m a n y p e o p le a t th e co n ce rt, I (e n jo y )...................................

it more.
(. |( Helen
(n o t
com e)
...........................................
to m y
p a rty,
(be)
...................................
d isa p p o in te d .
k |f we ( b e )
I
lu c k ie r , w e ( w in ) ...................................... the lottery.
|{ | (be) ........................................a film s ta r, I ( liv e ) ......................................... m Los Angeles.
U z d a n ia ( t y p 2 ) :
a. if / I / h o ve m o n e y / I / b u y O b e a u tifu l p re s e n t fo r M a ry
b. if / the film / b e in te re s tin g / w e / w a tc h it till the very en
c. if / I / get a lo a n / I / b u y a n e w fla t
d. if / John / h a v e a c a r / h e / d r iv e y o u to w o rk
e. if / the w e a th e r / b e n ic e / w e / g o a w a y fo r th e w e e ke n d
f* if / I / n o t p a y th e b ill / th e y / c u t th e p h o n e o
9- if / I / sp e a k S p a n is h / I / h e lp y o u tra n s la te t
h - if / he / b e in n o c e n t / the p o lic e / n o t a rre s t
f / 1 / h a ve h is p h o n e n u m b e r / I / in v ite
p a rty
im o ^ ^ ^
. js
1- if / the te a c h e r / b e m o re p a tie n t / s e
I Co by z ro b i, g d y b y ...? D o k o c z z d a n ia :
- i lost a ll m y d o c u m e n ts a n d m o n e y , I
Q u e g n o Englond, I .......
k* II I fo u n d o u t I w a s a lo n g lo s t g ra n d s o n
Î .........
c- ff I saw a m o n k e y ru n n in g a r o u n d
^ M I smelt sm o ke in th e m id d le o f the n ig
*
III w on a t th e lo tte ry , I
. .
'I I were s h ip w re c k e d o n a d e s e rt is a n ,
I ' ound a w a lle t fu ll o f m o n e y In th e stree ,

III were ij p o w e rfu l p o litic ia n , I
din p o c tifv '
very
, e7f1 sie d o w y d a r z e ,
Z d a n ia w a r u n k o w e ty p u tr z e c ie g o o
przeszoci
w ( jr u n e k n i e r e a ln y .
z o s ta s p e n io n y p e w ie n w a r u n e
: r
ktre miayby miejsce
F jd
'
| w o u |d
.c i r r
have sent him a card. -
- -
q j.
w y s a a m )
W
z d o n ia c h w u r u n k o w y c h ly p u t y c i e g o
w z d a n iu
p o d rz d n y m
P e r i o d , n a to m io st w z d a n iu n o d iz d n y m - k o n s t r u k c j o w o u l d
po
h a ve
s p jn ik u
+
if w y s t p ^
im ie s w
a o s pM
c z a s u p r z e s z e g o
( p a s t p a r t i c i p l e , t r z e c i a f o r m a ) . Z a m ia s t w o u l d m o g b y t a k e u y t e c z a s o w n i k , m o d a l n e c o u l d lub
m ig h t .
I would have come earlier if I had known you needed my help.
- P rz y s z a b y m w c z e n ie j, gdybym
w ie d z ia a , e potrzeb ujesz m o je j p o m o c y , (a le n ie w ie d z ia a m i n ie p rz y s z a m )
If you had practised more, you would have passed your driving test.
- G d y b y w i c e j wiczy,
zd a b y e g za m in na p ra w o ja zd y, (a le n ie w ic z y e i n ie z d a e )
If we hadn't called the police, the fight might have ended tragically.
- G d y b y m y n ie zadzwonili
na p o lic j , b jk a m o g a b y si s ko czy tra g ic z n ie .

P orw naj z d a n ia :
row er, (typ d ru g
I) ^
W W uld 9 cyc,,n9-
If it h a d b e e n s u n n y la s t
G d y b y (te ra z ) b y o s o n e c z n ie , poszlibym y no
son ecznie , poszlibym y na ro w e r, (typ
9 n 6 C y C ,in 9 , G d Yb y w zeszV w eekend byo
'W zda niach w arunkow ych trzecienn

P a s t P e rfe ct:
If
u m o z ,w e jest uycie c z a s u
Past P erfect
C o n t i n u o u s zones'
you hadn't been drivinq so f
nie
ie dostalibym y m a n d a tu .
$' ^
W o u ld n ' f
have got a fine.
- G d y b y n ie je c h a tak W * *
jj
U !P e " '
--------------------------. . . q . o r r n , C 2 a . v , ik o ( ly p 3 |
* f " 1',........................ r ' ,0 :,Wer' "9.l(repo|

'
b If you ( w o r n ) .................................... m e , I (n o t tru st) ...
dinner
1,11
^
,his iQb ould be h-d. i
If we (install)

......................... an s,s,en,' * h -h v . [no,
our house.
e. If I (s tu d y )................................... h a r d e r a t H ig h S c h o o l, I (g o )
, || niy h u sbo n d (no, jump)
in fo
^
0, If I (not f o r g e t ) .................................... m y c a m e ra , I (take)
, . ,,
9 my h o lid a y.
lots o f beautiful photos on
h. If you (n o t d r i n k )
...........................
s o m u c h a t th a t party, you (not fe e l) ................................
bod
the next d a y .
1. * 1 (fake) ........................... y u r a d v lc e - 1 (not l o s e )
all thot money
j. If you ( b e ) .................................... m o r e c a r e fu l, y o u (n o t c r a s h ) ................................. the car.
Uzupenij z d a n i a o d p o w i e d n i q f o r m q c z a s o w n i k a (ty p 1, 2 i 3):

o. If one d a y I (be)
ric h , I( b u y ) .....................................a house by the beach.
b. If you ( b e ) .................................... 1 8 , y o u (b e a b le t o v o t e ) ..................................but now you can't.

c. If I ( s e ll)....................................a ll m y b o o k s , I ( h a v e ) .................................... money fo r new ones!
d. If I (not g o ) .................................. to S p a in last su m m e r, I (not m e e t)................................my fianc, Juan.
e* If I ( b e )
y o u , I ( a c c e p t ) ................................... fhis i b offer.
f- If you (not d r i v e )
so fa s t, w e (n o t g e t )
0 fine
on a date with him.
9- If I ( k n o w )....................................h e h a d a g irlfrie n d , I (not go)

....................
that terrible cough.
h- !f you (n o t s m o k e ) .................................... . Yo u (n o h a v e )
m iserable.
' If I ( lo s e ) .................................... y o u , I ( b e ) .............................
lots o f horses on it.
I* WI ( h a v e ) .................................... a fa r m , I (keep)
mher
r.Cl to
IV-Tclean o u r house.
k ,
.
,
she was o rtiie !. we (no1îre) ........ ! . * *
" "
?' When
I (fin ish ).............................. . w ork. w . (g o ).......................
Pqcz zdania w p a ry (typ 1/
3)*
a . yo u
there w a s n 't s o m u c h r a in ,
'h e a m b u la n c e h a d n 't a r r iv e d o n tmn
orrested.
b. the woman w ould have had the baby in
s o m e o n e o ffe n d e d m y fa m ily /
she h a d m o re fr ie n d s ,
* h a d n 't e a te n a ll M a r k 's b ir th d a y c a
mY best fr ie n d le ft fr o m W a rs a w ,
/o u h a d lis te n e d t o m e ,
YOu h o o v e r th e fla t,
wouldn't have ended up getting
the shop.
,
c. I'll make dinner.

d. I w ouldn't have fell sick for two days.
e w e would spend more time on the beach
f
she wouldn't feel so lonely
A I would be very sad.
I would seek revenge
14 5 Z d a n ia w a r u n k o w e m i e s z a n e
u IyoA conditionojs
t n U o t 7w z d a n ia w a r u n k o w e m ie s z a n e . O z n a c z a to , ze wystpy.r n y c h ly p b w w a r u n t w . ic h u y c ie z a le , o d k o n .e k s .p ^
Istniej d w ie najcz ciej s p o ty k a n e k o m b in a c ie w a r u n k w .
1. If + t y p d r u g i, t y p t r z e c i
Z d a te g o typ u u yw am y m w i c o s y tu a c ji p rz e s z e j, k t r a m o g a b y si p o to c z y in a c z e j, gd yby pewien
w a ru n e k by s p e n io n y w te ra n ie js z o c i.
If + P a s t S i m p l e , w o u l d ( c o u l d / m i g h t ) h a v e + t r z e c i a f o r m a
If I w e r e y o u , I w o u l d h a v e a c c e p t e d t h a t j o b o f f e r . - G d y b y m b y a to b , p rz y j a b y m t ofert
p ra c y , (sytuacja h ip o te ty c z n a , p rz y j c ie o fe r ty " , o d n o s i si d o
p rz e s z o c i, n a to m ia s t ewentualny
w a ru n e k g d y b y m b ya to b " d o te ra n ie js z o c i)
If J a n e s p o k e S p a n i s h , s h e w o u l d h a v e g o t t h e j o b . - G d y b y J a n e z n a a h is z p a s k i, d o sta a b y t
p ra c . (Jane n ie d o s ta a p ra c y w p rz e s z o c i, a h is z p a s k ie g o n ie z n a a i n a d a l, w te ra n ie jszo ci, nie
zna)
2.
If + ty p trz e c i, t y p d r u g i
Z d a n te g o ro d z a ju u yw a m y, g d y m w im y o s y tu a c ji z p rz e s z o c i, k t r a m a w p y w n a te ra n ie jszo .
If + P a s t P e r fe c t , w o u ld ( c o u ld / m ig h t )
I f w . b o d s o ld g r a n d m a 's c i d b o u s e , I w o u ld h o y o o l , f m o n e y n o w . - G d y b y m s p r e d o lo s W
o m b o b a , m io ta b ym teraz d o z o p ie n i d z y , (w o ro n e k . .s p r z e d a d o m o ', o d n o s i si d o przesloSci,
s y tu a q o h ip o te ty c z n a d o c h w ili o b e c n e j)
i " ' ! " 1 a 1" " * 0
b ' h '
" " ld P r b a b l r b *
k,e ' OW nlkl'i m - |J b b <
m a n a g e r n o w . - G d y b y J im p rz y iq t I , p r o .
k ie r o w n ik ie m , g d , b , w p o e s z .o S c p o d * .
p T ,.)
1 4 , Z D A N IA W A RU N KO W I
pen,| z d o n io
odpowiedniq formq czasownika (typ mieszany):
0 Ifyoo ( te ll) ...............
.... m e h e h a d d is h o n e s t in te n tio n s , I (n o t b e ) ................
muCh tro u b le n o w .
in so
b. If I (d o ).....................
m o r e s p o r ts a s a c h ild , I ( n o t h a v e ) ....................................... s o m a n y b a c k
problems now .
c If you (accept) ..
...................
unemployment b e n e fit n o w .
th e
jo b , y o u
(n o t h a ve
to )
d. If I (b e )........................................0 m a r >< th e y ( g i v e )
a sk f o r
m e t he jo b .
e. It I lseei ............................................... a<d e r lie r , w e ( h a v e ) ....................................... a b e a u tifu l n e w fla t n o w .

f. If you (p a y )
th e b ill, w e (n o t h a v e to )
fre e ze in a c o ld fla t!
g. If you (not b e ) ....................................... s o im p a tie n t, th e p o lic e (n o t s t o p ) ..............................

h. If Tim (not m is s ) ....................................... th e tr a in , h e ( b e ) ........................................h e re n o w .

o Gdybymy w czen ie j z a u w a y li p o a r , d z i n a d a l m ie lib y m y d o m .
0 Gdyby nie b y ta k i n ie g rz e c z n y , z a p r o p o n o w a lib y c i t p ra c .
Gd/bym nie b a a si la ta s a m o lo te m , ju d a w n o p o le c ia a b y m d o A zji.
Gdyby d b a a o z d ro w ie , n ie b y a b y te ra z w s z p ita lu .
" dybv rn(î syn b y b a rd z ie j o d p o w ie d z ia ln y , te n straszny w y p a d e k n ie w yda rzyb y si,
Gdyby nie
G dyby
b ya ta k a z a b o rc z a , T o m n ie z e rw a b y z to b
my nie w y rz u c ili te g o lo s u n a lo te ri , b y lib y m y m ilio n
h.
* * * * e j a d / w o n i p o k a re tk ,
' , z . . , y z " i ,
^ b | d d" S
us.
14.6. Zdania w arunkow e z innym i spjnikami;

in case, suppose, provided it|
W z d a n ia c h w a r u n k o w y c h o p r c z s p jn ik a f (je li) m o g w y s t p o w a in n e , o ta k im s a m y m lu b podobnym
iu : je li, p o d w a r u n k ie m , g d y b y " . O t o o n e w ra z z p r z y k a d o w y m i z d a n ia m i:
z n a c z e n iu
a s l o n g a s / p r o v i d e d / p r o v i d i n g / o n c o n d i t i o n t h a t - je li / p o d w a r u n k ie m e
W e 'l l g o
c a m p i n g a s l o n g a s it d o e s n 't r a i n . -
>
P o je d z ie m y n a k e m p in g , p o d w a ru n k ie m e nie
b d z ie p a d a .
T h e c o m p a n y w ill h ir e n e w s t a f f p r o v i d e d ( p r o v i d i n g ) t h a t it h a s s u f f ic ie n t r e s o u r c e s . - R rma
z a tr u d n i n o w y c h p r a c o w n ik w , p o d w a r u n k ie m , e b d n a to w y s ta r c z a j c e r o d k i fin a n so w e .
I w ill h e l p o n c o n d i t i o n t h a t h e a s k s m e p o l i t e l y . - P o m o g , je li m n ie g rz e c z n ie p o p ro s i.
s u p p o s e d / s u p p o s i n g - je li, p rz y p u m y , e ...
S u p p o s i n g y o u w o n t h e lo t t e r y , w h a t w o u l d y o u d o ? - P rz y p u m y , e w y g ra e na lo te rii, co by
w te d y z r o b i?
s h o u l d - je li, g d y b y
S h o u l d y o u s e e T o m , te ll h im I m is s h im . - Je li s p o tk a s z T o m a , p o w ie d z m u , e za n im tskni.
If y o u s h o u l d c o m e w it h u s, le t m e k n o w first, a n d I 'l l b o o k t h e t ic k e t s . - J e li bdziesz z nami
s z a , d a j m i z n a w c z e n ie j, z a re z e rw u j b ile ty .
b u t f o r / if n o t f o r - g d y b y n ie
B u t f o r J i m 's h e l p ( = if J im h a d n 't h e l p e d u s ) , w e w o u l d n 't h a v e m a n a g e d . G d y b y nie pomoc
J im a , n ie p o ra d z ilib y m y s o b ie .
*: r
If it h a d n t b e e n f o r d o c t o r J o n e s , w e w o u l d n 't a ll b e h e r e t o d a y . G d y b y n ie d o k to r Jones, nie

b y lib y m y tu ta j d z is ia j ra z e m .
h a p p e n t o - je li, g d y b y p rz y p a d k ie m
If y o u h a p p e n t o k n o w w h e r e J a n e is, p l e a s e te ll m e n o w . - J e li w ie s z , g d z ie jest Jane, p o w ie *
m i n a ty c h m ia s t.
i n c a s e - n a w y p a d e k , w p rz y p a d k u g d y
T a k e a n u m b r e l l a in c a s e it r a i n s . - W e p a r a s o l, g d y b y m ia t o p a d a .
I t o o k a m a p in c a s e w e g o t lo st. - W z i a m m a p , n a w y p a d e k g d y b y m y m ie li si zgubi-
lfi. (
1 4 . Z D A N IA W A R U N K O W E
11 Konstrukcja unless
Spjnik u n l e s s ( c h y b a e , je e li n ie , o ile n ie ) w y st p u ie
q p .
------------------
lda2
w szystkich t e K k

' m
Q q Porw"i zdania:
pnypodku uzyc.0 unless c z a s o w n i k m a i 20WKe ,

you will not pass the exam, j f you don't study hard
bdziesz si w y s t a r c z a j c o d u o u c z y .
n o o 9 h - - N ie zdasz e gzam in u , jeli nie
You will not pass the exam, unless you study hard en
bdziesz si w y s t a r c z a j c o d u o u c zy .
'
zd asz e9 zam in u , chyba e
'nne przykady:
I w o n 't h e l p y o u u n l e s s y o u p a y m e . - N ie p o m o g c i c h y b a , ze m i z a p o cisz.
sifk v
Tam w o u l d n e v e r a s k m e f o r h e l p y n t o h . w o . r e o lly d e s p . r o , e. - Ton, n .g d y n r . p o p ro o lb y

c n ie o p o m o c c h y b a , e b y b y n a p r a w d
W e w o u l d n 't h a v e g o t t e n lo s t , u n l e s s w e h a d t a k e n th e m P
_ N i, , giJb , lib , ! m , si, g d yb yim y
wzili m a p .
W IC Z E N IA
U z u p e ln ij z d a n ia c e o s o w o t k t e n ,
S u p p o s in g y o u (b e
b. W e (le a v e ) .................... f
a t h o s p ita l.
e. I ( le n d )
f.
r o n d itio n th a t you (
y o u m y c a r o ................... m e a lo a f o f
W e (o p e n )
^ ^
m o n e y,
lo n g
frie n d , I (n o t m a n a g e )
S h o u ld y o u g o o u t, p le a s e 9
g P ro v id in g w e (^
h, I n e v e r w a tc h TV,
. d p -* *
do ^
reo
in o u r new fa cto ry next year.
d ra m a on.
n ,ess' th e re (be) ........ ......... p r o v i d e d w e (be g iv e n ) ...................

,b r a n, _c uh in IL iv/ero
iv e r p o
a
n e w
n ig h t shift
fi
u i v w a iq c p o d a n e g o
s p jn ik a :
Przekszta z d a n ia , u z y
b s
........................
2L * ,
d . i
Nu to d
to
. w
c ^ p a i g n n.>
c h o o s e , ' w h ic h
c u - n , jo b
U N LESS
f.
...............
fc
"
*> '
< * . ki. * *
p ro je c t w o u ld , o u p ic k ? .....................................................................
iiT a m n o io ff e n s d
o b e e ,- p o id o n e .
............................... .............................................................................
Let m e k n o w if you d e c id e t o c o m e w ith us.
SH O U LD
........................................................ .................
..................
g. Y ou can g o to B o b 's p a rty i f y o u c le a n y o u r r o o m a n d d o y o u r h o m e w o r k .
C O N D IT IO N
.............................................................................................................
h. I d id n 't see Jane so I d id n 't in v ite h e r to m y p a rty .

W O U LD
.............................................................................................................
P r z e k s z t a z d a n i a , u y w a j c
unless:
a. Y ou w ill never g e t p ro m o te d if y o u d o n 't fin is h th e p r o je c t o n tim e .

b. If you d o n 't d o sports re g u la rly , y o u w ill n e v e r lo s e w e ig h t.
mo
c. W e w ill be late fo r th e c o n c e rt if w e d o n 't fin d a ta x i.
lw
d. If it co n tinu e s to sn o w , w e w ill n e v e r g e t th e re o n tim e .

Wish
e. She w ill n o t sp e ak to you if y o u d o n 't a p o lo g iz e t o h e r.

f.
20 ich
Y o u w ill c o n tin u e to g e t h ig h e le c tric ity b ills if y o u d o n 't s ta rt t o s a v e p o w e r.
g. I w ill never finish o n tim e if y o u d o n 't h e lp m e .

h. I w o u ld never ask T o m fo r h e lp if I d id n 't h a v e to .
W y b ie r z p r a w id o w q o d p o w ie d :
hveo 'P V0U J i,H ' he Pr i e c t

Vau h e lp m e w ith m in e .
you see M a rV< ell h e r I m is s h e r.
o ' su p p o se d
1 You will gel

h
a . u n le s s
.
, .
90 " "
promoted
' 9 ' - ' > s T
a l; n
ay'
*>. 05
b but for
* " *
' we hove the money, a. unless
"h 0" , M
t >
b p,
w
H, <*
%
a n ia
Wa r u n k o w i
^ w n ik w is h w swoim podstowowym z n o c z e n iT !-----------------------------------------------------_

w^niesieniu d o m w i c e g o lo b in n e j o s o b y ) |u k h ^
Do you w ish to m a k e a n o f f ic ia l c o m p la in , 8
- 0, 1 * e ^
Pr 9nt?" wystpuie ?n
* M r d n i * sam ym d
n
'^
ôw nik ten uywany jest take w poczeniu 2 Czn*n

PoS, Perfect oraz P a s t P e r f e c t C o n t i n u o u s 7
P nesz^
e z b o k o lia n ik iem
t
P t S im p le , P a s f C n .
Vvyrozen|a nierealnych
n>
1 " ' n 0 0oraz
0s'
r / n,espefmonych
moliwych d o s p e n ie n ia ycze
m i
t o w * , w ish 1 casern P o s t S im p le lab P a st C ontim
"TZT,
- e pabobn, Pk ^
nk^
obecnej sytuacji Z
ch d^
o .
'
w i s h ( t h a t ) + P a s t S i m p l e / P a s C o n t in u o u s
I wish w e h o d m o r e b e e tim e . -
oioj,, re th e m o m , M
ole nie mamy)

W e w ish i w a s n 't r a in in g , s o w e c o u ld g
* .1 *
w a |k
_ aujem y, e (teraz) pada deszcz.
moglibymy i na s p a c e r, (c h cie lib ym y, a le p ada)

I b h ! w e t , ta ilo r - a u je , t a n i . ( t a t a .
t * ' * * '
iesem)
*> **> * *
h ta o s n m i P o s t P e t t e d i P a s t P e r f e c t C o n t m o o u s u r ^ o m y w c d n ^ _
.
lei spueci
zo ich pomoc al, e jakie w ydarzenie m ia o miejsce ( u
, feel awful.
- t e had
* - the opportunity. wish I hadn't eaten so much cake.
When"she
tary wishes she had gone to u n ,v
oszo
n a
auj, ie
studia, kied y m ia a ta k m oz ,V*LeaCh e r e x p la ,neC* ^ 6 rU
wish 1had been listening when t

'e^y nauczyciel w y ja n ia zasady.
Uniesieniu d o przyszoci z
to
c z a s o w n ik ie m
n ie
s u c h a a m ,
&
oU | d + b e z o ko liczn ik. ^ ons^ u^

W *
d o tV Q ^ f ^ ^ z d o n i a . Nie jest
niezadow olenie z o b e cn e ) * * * * zawsze d o inne, o t o ' J
^ . r e
jedn isto tn rzecz - * * * * # * ;

M w im y wyraa zyczen.e, ale
uycie w zdaniu d w c h ta k ie san
,uaCja zmiem si
zateni n i e w i e l k i e .
-P ra w d , niew ielki w pyw n a to . ^ p o d o b i e s t w o zmian ,es.
spenienie zaley o d o s b trzecich.
wiih it would top raining

w,h you would help me m r
eby przes,a*
. Ittl ,ni pomaga
9. Konstrukcja f oni)
^
a so w n ika w i s h m o n a z a s t p i tro c h m o c n ie jszq l
yczenia i ale wyraone za PomoC^
i f o n ly ... (gdyby ly lk o . . | U yae czos

| w ish I h a d m o re fre e tim e. - a tu , ,
ztyCh jest a n a lo g ic z n e . P o r w n a , z d a n ia :
nje m a m w i c e j w o ln e g o czasu . / C h c ia b y m
mle<
w o ln e g o czasu.
n d v b v m tylko m ia o w i c e j w o l n e g o c z a s u !
If o n ly I h a d m o re fre e tim e. - G d y b y m y

if o n lv
o o z o s ta j czsto w f o r m ie z d a n ia p o d r z d n e g o , z d a n ie nadrzdno
If o n ly w e k n e w h is se c re ts. - G d y b y m y ty lk o z n a l. |e g o ta ,e m n ,c e .
If o n ly I w e r e y o u . - G d y b y m tylko b ya to b .
If o n ly it w a s n 't ra in in g . - G d y b y ty lk o m e p a d a o .
If o n ly I e a r n e d m o re . - G d y b y m ty lk o w i c e j z a r a b ia .
If o n ly w e h a d m o re m o n e y , w e 'd
b u y a n e w ca r. -
G dybym y
ty lk o m ie li wicej pienidzy
kupilibym y nowy s a m o c h d .
W odniesieniu d o przeszoci uyw am y cza s w P a s P e r f e c t o r a z P a s t P e r f e c t C o n t i n u o u s If o n ly I h a d d iv o r c e d him , it 's t o o la te n o w . - G d y b y m ty lk o s i z n im r o z w io d o , teraz ju jestzc

pno.
If o n ly M a r k h a d n 't d r iv e n s o fast. - G d y b y ty lk o M a r k n ie je c h a ta k
szybko.
If only it hadn't been raining all the time, w e w o u ld h ave had a lo vely holiday.- Gdyby tylkc
cigle nie p a d a o , m ielibym y w s p a n ia e w a k a c je .
If only I had spoken to him before he left. - G d y b y m ty lk o z n im p o r o z m a w ia a , zanim wyszed.

W dnisieniu d o Przyszoci uyw am y w o u l d +
If only Steven wouldn't smoke

If o n ly sh e w o u ld r e a d m o r e
b e zo ko liczn ik
DezoKOI,czm k
1 G d t HU
G d y b y ty lk o o n a w i c e j c z y ta a .
w ic z e n ia
P rz e k s z ta z d a n
b- 1
C
C
c - I d id n 't tell i u
b
i
:
,0 ' m f n m c t
9 reen to p .
-.c o l
...........................................
..............................
a . a t : 9 I f e c i> w i
" "
z z c
.........................................................
h - D n 't sm okel
V er?l
............................................
We d|dn't go fo t,........................................................................................ .................................. ...........
:z =
'),,ornr, |0|n0,IC m e l
Qst u m m e r.
:r
14 zdania warunkw
0
P r z e k s z t a
0.
zd a n ia , u yw a j c konstrukcji 1 only.
Unfortunately, they turned down my application
b. We aren't going on holiday this year.
Kej
.....................................
c. It's cold and it's snowing.
........................ ............
d. My family lives fa r away from me.
.....................................
e. I don't know how to change a flat tyre.
.....................................
f. Tom forgot a b o u t his wife's birthday again.

g. Unfortunately, I don 't speak any foreign language...............................
jest
h. She doesn't w ant to go out with me.

1. The weather was terrible last weekend.
j. Maybe one day I will win at the lottery........................ .......................................
k. We d id n 't win the match......................................................................................
I. My sister d id n 't come to visit me for my birthday.
dzy,
.......................................
P rzetum acz k a d e ze zda na dwa sposoby, uiyw ajqc wish oraz if only.
a . G d y b y m t y l k o w ie d z i a a , e m ia u r o d z in y , z r o b ia b y m d la n ie g o to rt.
b.
G d y iz y m
u m ia
gotowa, zrobibym dla cksbic pyszn, koac*.
,-zo
c. Gdybym m w i P
ylko
d. G d y ^
d y b ^ R
a n g ie ls k u , d o sta b y m
a m
^ '^ - ^ ^
lopsz, P. ......................
.........
Gdyby byy eszcw kiletyi poszabym na konceri U2-........................
14.10. Zdania warunkowe -
wiczenia
podsumowujce
WICZENIA
U z u p e n ij z d a n i a w a r u n k a w a o d p o w i e d n i m i f o r m a m i c z o , o w l k w :
,, .
..
(finish) o n tim e , w e ..................................... (m e e t) ^ r r o w
ot 5.
9 : : : : : : ( kn o w ) e a r liL y o u 'r e a v e g e t a n a n , . ....................................... (not prepare) a steok
"b f 16
|{ w e .................................. (be) th e R oyal F a m ily, w e ....................................
(|iv e > in th e Buckingham
Palace.
,f,
|f Betty .................................. (kn o w ) h o w to s e n d a n e - m a il, s h e ....................................
.
(have) m o n e y la s t s u m m e r, I ........................ (g o ) o n a t r ip to Ita ly last year.
(send) us the
p h oto s.
f.
W h e n J i m .................................. (have) a fig h t w ith h is g ir lfr ie n d , h e ........................................ (go) fo r a beer

w ith his frie n d s .
g. If y o u ....................................(do) y o u r h o m e w o rk q u ic k ly , I .................................... (ta k e ) y o u shopping.

h. If I
(le a rn ) to rid e a b ik e as a c h ild , I .................................... (b e a b le ) to d o it now
i.
If I ................................... (be) y o u r m o th e r, I ..................................... (n o t let) y o u w e a r so m u c h make-up
If y o u ....................................(help) m e w ith m y p r o je c t w h e n I a s k e d y o u , I ..................................... (not be

a n g ry w ith you now.
k- If i t ................................. (rain) to m o rro w , w e
(stay) a t h o m e .
M Sal|y
(n t sp e nd ) so m u c h tim e ta lk in g o n th e p h o n e , s h e ...............................
(not have) such a h ig h b ill n o w .
W y b ie rz p ra w id o w o d p o w ie d :
a. If Betty w ere / w e re n 't so shy, she w o u ld h o v e b e e n o ffe r e d th a t jo b
b. If I w ere / had been y o u , I w o u ld te ll th e p o lic e th e tru th a b o u t th e a c c id e n t.
C.
I k . g o v e rn m e n t ra ise d < h. , a . m a n , p .a p f e q u i d g r , .
.Id k n . n n r o t . S t d
m , p m e m , h a d n t d iv o rc e d - h e n I w o , o c h ild , I w o u ld till h .
in to u c h w ith my d a d n o w .
you ,W , got / d i d n ', , , 1

m W w
/ w i l l g o c o m p in g w ith , o , i( |
o |( o id
g l< p e o p le h ad e -m a ils in th e XIX c e n tu ry thev w o U /

u .
h. W h e n it rains I w ilL a lw a v s s tn v / i
- ^ J d _ / w p g ld p J
i
i.
) -
school.
h
ere m
i n
f i ^
"
"* "d
/ I d .till h o ^
^
'
use c a r r ie r p ig e o n s .
o ' 1
guoges, he would / wouldn't hove le a tn t English at P " "
I h d T Z l l f l d J l f l d o bigger Hal, we w o u id b u y o dog
Zdania przydaw.
owe
Relative clauses
,51 Zaimki wzgldne w zdaniach
przydawkowych who (whom), which, that,
whose_____________________________
Zoimki pytajne w h o ( k to ) , w h o m
( k o m u , k o g o ) , w h i c h (ktry), w h o s e (czyj) oraz zaimek wskazujcy
that wystpuj w z d a n ia c h p o d r z d n y c h p rz y d a w k o w y c h w fu n kcji zaim kw wzgldnych ktry, ktra,

ktre, ktrzy, (k t re j, k t r e g o , k t r y c h ) " . W z d a n iu w y s t p u j o n e p o rzeczowniku, do ktrego si odnosz,
oprzed jego o k r e le n ie m . O t o p o s z c z e g ln e z a im k i:
. t o * w h o o d n o si s i, zaw sze d o o sb :
_ ^
t0
The w o m a n w h o w e m e t y e s t e r d a y is m y b r o t n e
szefowa m o je g o b r a ta .
n 7 :pwczvna, ktra gra no pianinie, to moja
The girl w h o is p l a y i n g t h e p i a n o is m y c o u s in .
^ nko' W0 ,S P , y ,n 9
.
kuzynko.
..
Kn/ ch zatrudnilimy, to ekspero
marke,in9 e x p e rts .-M czyni, ktrych zatrudnilimy, to eksperci
d . o r k e t t : WS h a V e h ,r e d a re
The
I l0sfb o?
0<dn
5'nsi
d otable
przedm
iotw : - Ksika, ktra ley na stole, naley do Mary.
w f " ch
is o
the
is Mary's.
The fil 6 W Q tc h w b ic h I g o t for my birthday. - Z g u b ie m zegarek, ktry dostaem na urodziny.
^
^ h ic b y o u re c o m m e n d e d w a s really very good. - Film, ktry polecie, by naprawd
TL
* b a t o d n o si si zarw no d o osb, ja k i przedmiotw.

7 " * o , liv e , J * d o o r , fa e s J o , M . c . -
^,k,en : - P
t o
you mode w o ,
t o t , *
, * P ^ p l e th a t I in v it e d a r e m y
Proy
'
. - t o * 't o
friends fromwork. -
* *
Uidz.e,
kW
WIELKA
G R A M A T Y K A J Z Y K A A N G I E L S K 'E G O
A m w im v o przynalenoci, w o d n ie s ie n iu d o o s b . W odn,esitniu
r
IO
i' d t *
i w * u c o ,o
. . r o o d r e lu s e d *>
n ,m
'
Jon"
r s r s r i. o, *>
-gw
c o ,o ! c ,,!c ,e i
*> * . - ^
1
si ,r ie0 * * *
^
0,
I09I
k .^
skradziony, natychmiast posza na policj.
The house, the g a ra g e o f w hich w a s d e s tro y e d b y the fire , b e lo n g s to o u r neighbours, lub

The
house,
w hose
g a ra g e
w as
d e s tro y e d
by
th e
fire ,
b e lo n g s
to
our
neighbours.
- D om , ktrego gara zosta zniszczony w poarze, naley d o naszych s sia d w .
zaimka w h o m uywamy w funkcji d o p e n ie n ia , w o d n ie s ie n iu d o o s b , lecz czsto w codziennym

jzyku zastpowany jest o n zaim kiem w h o . W ystpuje czsto z p rz y im k a m i i w te d y nie moe by
zastpiony przez w h o :
The man to w hom I spoke w as a p o lice o ffic e r. - M czyzna, z ktrym ro z m a w ia a m , to policjant.

The p e ople w ith w hom I w o rk are v e ry nice. - Ludzie, z k t ry m i p ra c u j , sq b a rd z o m ili.
* K iedy m ona om inq zaim ek?
W niektrych przypadkach uzasadnione jest o m in i cie za im k a w z g l d n e g o . Jest to m o liw e , gdy uywany
jest on w funkcji dopenienia zdania podrzdnego, nie je g o p o d m io tu . P o r w n a j ponisze zdania:
The man w h o is standing a t the bus stop is m y u n c le . - M czyzna, ktry stoi no przystanku, to
mj wujek.
w tym zdaniu zaimek uyty jest w funkcji p o d m io tu : Kto stoi na przystanku? M czyzna stoi na przystanku.
W tym zdaniu absolutnie nie jest moliwe o m inicie zaim ka w z g l d n e g o w h o .
ale:
The man w ho (w hom ) y o u saw a t the bus stop is m y u n cle . - M czyzna, k t re g o widziae na
przystanku, to mj wujek.
* * * * *
w hom
do
w ,d o i
The man yo u saw a t th e bus stop is m v uncle

jjek
^
mj wujek.
m o iliw . , o p u r a
ie , o im la H o U
M zczyzna, k t re g o w id zia e na przystanku,
to
to
t o inne przykady, w ktrych opuszczono zaimek:
The p e o p le 2 ) w e s a w 'a M a i * ? f r i e n d ^ " 9.'

^
m i d te' ieS' bardz
The car (which) we b o u q h t w a s n 't
*
U
^t ry c ^ w dzie lim y, to zn a jo m i Mok
" e x p e n s ,v e - - S^ c h d , ktry kupilim y, nie b y bardzo *
Miejsce p rzylm ka w zd a n ia c h p rz y d a w k a w y c h
I rzyimek w zdaniach przydawkowyrh znaidni
This is the bo ok I was
To
The man you
mirn mem.
3ia
' 'J
\>IH
y a le r d a y Is m y husband
/ lik
i /OUWOJimiwiiny li
M
'
^
i#!
M czyzna, / ktrym wczonoj it u m * 10**
. .
15. Z D A N IA PRZYDAWKOWE
WICZENIA
U z v p e ln lj z d o n io o d p o w ie d n im
I T
T 3 u
io b
?
d o ' is m y b o y l' i d b l h e | 0 b ...................................1 w o s K e r e d is in L iv e rp o o l
c The d o c u m e n ts
n ro ^
,
, .
. .
,
,
..............a re o n y o u r d e s k w e re d e liv e re d this m o rn in o
d . A v e t is s o m e b o d y ............................... ..
skk
T !
fT
...................................
d l0
r
The m a n
.................................. d o g b ,t bmee SQys
|t WQs
^
f.
g . A m ic r o w a v e o v e n is s o m e t h in g ................................
| QU|t
< W
"-o n ,
use to p re p a re meQ|s
h.
A te le p h o n e is s o m e th in g ...............................I c a n -t |jve w ith o u f
i.
A d ic t io n a r y is s o m e th in g ...............................w e use to ch e ck th e m e a nin g o f w ords.
j.
T h e g ir l .................................. y o u s a w y e s te rd a y is o u r new em ployee.
k. T h e n e w s h o p p in g c e n tr e ,
w as
o p e n e d last w eek, is th e most crow ded place
in o u r to w n .
I.
M a r y , ...................................m o th e r is a ju d g e , w a n ts to study Law.
U d e f in ic j e p o d a n y c h s w , u y w a j g c o d p o w i e d n i c h z a im k w :
a . a D V D p la y e r / w a tc h film s
b. a c a lc u la t o r / h e lp us c o u n t
c. a re m o te c o n tr o l / c h a n g e TV c h a n n e ls
d . a c a n o p e n e r / m e ta l c o n ta in e rs
e. a p rin te r / p r in t d o c u m e n ts a n d p h o to s
f.
a c a r p e n te r / w o r k w ith w o o d
g . a s a w / c u t la r g e p ie c e s o f w o o d
h. a flig h t a tte n d a n t / se rv e p e o p le
^bierz prawiatowq
W y b i e r z p r a w i d t o w q o d p o________
w ie d z :
b
h\ 'SWn*e r'
k o o k s a re so ld a ll over the w o rld , is very rich.
c Thn,Ca ,S
to
a. w ho
b. whom
a.
whose
^ ^ ave known since childhood.
d T t/ ^ ra re ê t yo u gave m e is very be a u tifu l.

e rnan w e invited fo r d in n e r is my husband's friend.
whom
what
>e W in te r .... p a in tin g we b o u g h t com es from Spain.

fa/e
yQ u fo u n cj th e
^ ^ rn g o m
g to
^<JVe m a o y
k e y
c o n fe re n
p r o b le m s
.. . . y o u l o s t ?
c e .. . . is t a k i n
.. . .
I have t o
g p la c e
in
c o p e w ith .
B r ig h to n .
b. whose
b .b. which
b. whose
b. whose
b. which
b. whom
WIELKA GRAMATYKA JZYKA A N G IE L S K IE G O
P rze kszta z d a n i a . J e li to m o l iw e , o m i z a i m e k :
a. You b o u g h t a dress. C a n yo u s h o w it to m e ?
b. The m an was ta k e n to h o s p ita l. H e fe ll d o w n th e
s ta irs .
c. This is the new rin g . M a rk g a v e it to m e .
d. I'm re a din g a b o o k . It is b o rin g .
e. Tom p re p a re d d in n e r. It w as d e lic io u s .
f.
I lost a w atch. I fo u n d it fin a lly .
g. The w riter was g ive n a n a w a rd . H e c o m e s fr o m S w e d e n .
h. The team w o n the to u rn a m e n t. They re c e iv e d a lo t o f m o n e y .
,s-
z d a n ia h z y o a w k o w i
,5 .2 . Inne spo|niki w zdaniach

,
where, why, what___wkowych
Jako spjnik w z d a n ia c h p r z y d a w k o w y c h m o e w
s do ja k ie g o m ie is c a :
e re
Paris is he p la ce w h e re I m et m y future husband

p n y sz le g o ma.
P w .
^
Uzywomy g o , gdy odnosimy
*>
P h o t o n , m oi. s
O n . d a y , I w a n . t o r o t u r a t o th e t o w n w h e r e I w o , b o m . - Pewnego d n i. c h e do
w ktrym si u r o d z ia m .
i'd like to liv e in a p l a c e w h e r e I c o u l d k e e p a lo t o f animals. - Chciaabym mieszka w miejscu,

gdzie m o g trz y m a d u o z w ie rz t.
Jako sp jn ik m o e b y u yty ta k e p rzys w e k w h y :
This is the reason w h y I q u it my job. - To jest p o w d , d la ktrego rzuciam prac.

w funkcji z a im k a w z g l d n e g o m o e ta k e w y s t p i w h a t , zastpujc wyraenie t h e th in g ( s ) t h a t ...
(to, c o ..., rzecz / rz e c z y , k t r e .. .)
The t h in g t h a t y o n t o l d m e , n p s e t m e . W h o t y o n to ld m n, n p r . t 0 . - To, co
z a sm u c io m n ie .
The th in g th a t h a p p e n e d w a s because o f
. , . . .
pcdK
= w ( lQ f h a p p e n e d , w as because o f Tom.
- C o si w y d a r z y o , b y o w in T o m a .
WICZENIA
Oj
U zupenij zdania odpow iednim spjnikiem

o. T ib et is th e p la c e ...............................
I w ant to g o next year,

I broke up with my boyfnen
b. There a re m a n y r e a s o n s .................
c. A re these the b o o k s .......................
^ ere j0 0 king for?

I cQn a |ways rely on.
d. M a rk is th e p e rs o n ................................... |jve?
e. Is this the h o u s e ...................

yOU want to m
f. Tell m e the re a s o n .............................. ....... you lost sow
........................... . -
'
I ell m e the r e a s o n ....................
I c a n 't fin d the e xa c t place
, can always fa l k ......^
to,d everybody oho^V
9- Please d e s c rib e th e p la ce
h. Tom is o n e o f th o s e p e o p le
j o n es.
^
........
I lo s t m y e a r r
r m feeling sad.
1 5
Zdania przydawkowe definiujce

Defining
relative _
cla
(non-defining re la tive clauses)

Z d a n ia p rc y d a w k o w e d e fin iu j c e z a w ie r a j in fo r m a c je
p rz e d m io tu , o k t ry c h m o w a .
N a le y p a m i ta , e w
u m o liw ia j c e n a m
j z y k u a n g ie ls k im
z id e n t y f ik o w a n e oso b y
w z d a n ia c h
p rz y d o w k 0wych
d e fin iu j c y c h n ig d y n ie s ta w ia m y p rz e c in k w . N a p r z y k a d :
T h e w o m a n w h o l i v e s n e x t d o o r is a n u r s e . - K o b ie ta , k t r a m ie s z k a o b o k , je s t p ie l g n ia rk
T h e w o m a n w h o l i v e s n e x t d o o r w s k a z u je n a m n a je d n k o n k r e tn o s o b , o k t r e j m w im y : ta kobieta
k t ra m ieszka o b o k , a n ie ja k a in n a .
T h e b o o k I 'm
r e a d i n g is v e r y i n t e r e s t i n g . - K s i k a , k t r c z y ta m , je s t b a r d z o c ie k a w a , (nie jaka
ksi ka , ty lk o ta , k t r o b e c n ie czyta m )
T h e h o u s e a c r o s s t h e s t r e e t b e l o n g s t o t h e S m i t h f a m i l y . - D o m , k t ry je s t n a p rz e c iw k o , naley do
ro d z in y S m ith, (ten d o m , k t ry jest n a p rz e c iw k o , a n ie a d e n in n y )
W z d a n ia c h d e fin iu j c y c h u y w a m y w szystkich w y m ie n io n y c h w p o p r z e d n ic h p o d r o z d z ia a c h s p in kw:
who (whom), that, which, whose, w here, why. T h a t
w hich s z a z w y c z a j u y w a n e z a m ie n n ie ,
c h o c ia w h ic h u z n a w a n e jest c z a s e m za b a rd z ie j fo r m a ln e . That n a to m ia s t u y w a n e jest najczciej
p o p rz y m io tn ik a c h w s to p n iu n a jw y s z y m o r a z p o ta k ic h z a im k a c h ja k : e ve ry(th in g ), s o m e (th in g )
a n yth in g ), no(thing), all, only, none, little , few, much.
o ra z
M y m o t h e r is th e p e r s o n w h o ( w h o m ) I t r u s t t h e m o s t . - M o ja m a m a to o s o b a , k t re j n a jb a rd z ie j
u fa m .
It w a s th e m o s t e x c i t i n g t h i n g t h a t I 'v e e v e r d o n e . - To b y a n a jb a r d z ie j e k s c y tu j c a rzecz, jokq
z ro b ia m .
h a t h e s a i d m a d e m e e v e n m o r e d e p r e s s e d . - W szystko , c o p o w ie d z ia , jeszcze b a rd z ie j m nie
p rz y g n b io .
b o y w h o is s t a n d i n g a t t h e d o o r h a s b r o u g h t a p a c k a g e f o r y o u . d rz w ia c h , przynis p a czk d la c ie b ie .
C h o p a k , k t ry stoi przy
,5.4. Zdania przydawkowe iedi- .

Zdonia p rzyd a w ko w e n ie d e fin iu jq c e za w ie ra j in o rm
osob lo b p r z e d m i o t , o
f m at ' T
k t ry c h
m ow a
w z d a n iu
w I d o n ia i
In f
C |e'
= Z
l l ' * * * * ** * , " d
Mary, who hves across the street, is my best friend
to m o ja n a j l e p s z a p r z y j a c i k a .
W ho
lives across the street
o b v , 7)
n ie S k " 'e c z n e
M
'
e a n k w ' N a P "y W o d :
i
9
a rv ' k t ra m |eszka p o d ru g ie j stro n ie u licy
j e s t t y l k o d o d a t k o w in f o r m a c j o w zd
o k M a Z T '
mojq najlepsz p rz y ja c i k . In fo rm a c ja m idzy przecinkam i nie

w peni zachow any.
MarV' ez n,l sens zdania byby
P o r w n a jm y :
Mary who lives across the street is my best friend.
- M o ry , k t ra m ie s z k a p o d ru g ie j stro n ie ulicy,
to m o j a n a j l e p s z a p r z y j a c i k a .
W ty m z d a n iu i n f o r m a c j a , e M a r y m ie s z k a p o d r u g i e j s tr o n ie u lic y , je st n ie z b d n a , a b y o k re li , o kt r
M a ry c h o d z i.
By m o e m w i c y z n a k i l k a o s b o im ie n iu M a r y , a le ty lk o to , k t ro m ieszka p o d ru g ie j
s tro n ie u lic y je s t j e g o p r z y j a c i k .
O to przykady zd a n ie d e fin iu j c y c h :
Jane, who is the best student in our class, has been given a scholarship. -
Jane, k t ra jest
najlepsz u c z e n n ic w naszej klasie, otrzym aa stypendium.
The castle, which was destroyed during the war, is now on elegant hotel. - Zomek. ktry zosti
w b a n k u , c h c e s t u d io w a e k o n o m i .
,
, o m ia ta o kilku reguach dotyczcych stosowania zaimkw
W przypadku zda niedefiniujcych naley pa
o g l d n y c h :
. . .
r r
nie uyjemy zaimka th a t, jest on zawsze zastpiony przez wh.c
19' h
M y new job, which I was offered last
oraz
..
^ ^ ^
,ygodnlu. t0 coi,
- M o jo now a praca, ktr zaproponowa
o nigdy om in spjnika:
w zdaniach niedefiniujcych n mono J
^
,o be)ong
M y car, which is parked tn fron

do m o j e g o o,ca_
es, zaparkowany przed bram, n -J - * ^
^ grandmo er,
The painting, which was a w e d ^ 9
oWac
ktry byl prezentem lubnym od ^
wi(h my brother.
somochd, kl6ry
renovating. - Ten o b r o z .
,.
P a b lo , w h o it S p a n is h , stu d ie s
, rnoim bratam................................................................................. 141tlultlCyU.
(Hiszpanem, Stud,u,e
W lt lK A O . " *
a ,a o ! ' 0
dl
J tnipnio powszechnie stosowany lest zoimek
whom N* i * M >
..... .
iaimUm
M a ry /
lives in N ,w Vo,k' ' ^
Inrku
do ^
yesterday, is - y " > ' * ...........................................

bssl , r " d - * * " * lUrY, fetr.
yr l t
,qwQ0fi'Cl
7 ^ . ,0 X 'd .P -0 P^ytaoittca mow m en,,.

d-
, PPy' !' T m "

dziewczyn/
dziew ayn, co wszystkich ucieszyo.
koc
znao sob-g
e-
..........................................................
surpnsed e v e ry b o d y . - J a n e z d e c y d o w a a przeprowadz
jane decided to move to London, which

si do Londynu, co wszystkich zaskoczyo.
Zaim ki
where, whose oraz o f w hich sq s to s o w a n e a n a lo g ic z n ie ja k w z d a n ia c h definiujcych:
Pozna, where I used to live as a child, is one o f the most beautiful Polish cities. - Pozna, gdzie
mieszkaam jako dziecko, to je d n o z n a jp i k n ie js z y c h p o ls k ic h m ia s t.
Mr Walters, whose son studies with me, is my fa th er's colleague. - Pan W alters, ktrego systudiuje ze m nq, to ko le g a z pracy m o je g o taty.
Our house, the garden of which was destroyed by vandals, has been in the family for mony
years. - Nasz dom , kt re g o o g r d zo sta zniszczony p rz e z w a n d a li, n a le y d o naszej rodziny od lot.
WICZENIA
Q
O kre l, c z y p o d a n e z d a n i a s q d e fin iu jq c e c z y n ie d e f in iu j q c e :
a. Ann, whose b rother is a n a rc h ite c t, lives next d o o r .
b. The book I gave you is a bestseller.
f- A fi refi ghter0
9- The blue blouse, w hich I QO| f r
H' TOrn nd ^
d U 9 h ,e r'
hefting
gre *
a. Paris ' dQnia dP0W,ednim sP inikiem. G d zie to konieczne, wstaw p rz e d n i

b ' The m e a l...................S. . 'hewC
; ; P,i
My brother got prom oted
d F ra n ce is o n e o f th e m o s t b e a u tifu l E u ro p e a n c #
a l e new Italian re sta u ra n t w a s very g o o d .
p f ^ re e n .............................
J ,P .......................... like O p e ra C
U M v le' <'
h I h u h r i u " ' 1 ,e lin9 wel1
00
, ' S W*1a ^le w as w a itin g fo r m o n th s.
W o rk s h o P "3 X t to th e flo ris t's .
hobbv i*0" II
Cd music wil1 definitely like this book at*1'
C eC llnfl S,am ps ,ikos

,.( J w
s p e n d tim e o n his own
m e .
V Ul G arden w a s just lo o k in g lo t his l o t t c o t
32*
c.
d
e
t.
przydaw h
W yb ie rz p ra w id o w o d p o w ie d :
0
MOLn BI nC
iS ' he h ia h est m o u ntain
',a '
b ' w h 'ch
Ur Pe< 15 verV difficult to dim b
b- J n e
V u m e t yesterday, is 0n olH (i
a- w h o m
b . th a ,
n ' d flom e o f mine.
c. The p e rso n .... to ld y o u th a t k n 't ^
b . w r
i ,
9 o o d ,r im d ' " ' -
d. Sally, .... h o u s e is o n th e outskirts
w h o ,,
b .C w h th
mode
in ihe ^
..........
g. The p e rso n .... I c a ll w h e n I feel depressed is my m u m .

a . to w h o m
b.
w hose
h. A k in d e rg a rte n is a p la c e .... parents can leave their children while they're at work,
a. a t w h a t
b.
w here
Poqcz czci zda w pary:

1. A flo ris t is s o m e o n e w h o
a. was a total flop and a waste of time.
2. The b o o k w h ic h I lik e d the m ost
b. which made me very happy.
3. I w o n th e lo tte ry ,
c. was most probably bom in 1564.
4. D a li, w h o is o n e o f m y fa v o u rite artists,
d. sells flowers.
5. The p e rso n w h o k n o w s m ost a b o u t me
e. was written by Victor Hugo.
6. The c h u rc h , w h ic h is o n e o f the oldest

,
b u ild in g s in o u r to w n ,
7 T.
. *
I he m u s ic a l w e sa w
a> s undoubtedly my mother,

a
n
8.
S h a kesp e a re ,
w hose
plays
have
f. was born in Figueres, Span.

h. dates back to the 1920s.
been
staged a c ro s s th e g lo b e ,
j
c n in ik Jeli z d a n ie jest p o p ra w n e ,
Tam, gdzie jest to moliwe, usu ze zdam
pozostaw je bez zmian:

a. W h e re is th e s h o p th a t you to ld me ab
b. The re a so n w hy it h a p p e n e d is still un ^
c. Is this the b o o k th a t you to ld me ^ ou
. ^ serj0 us accident.
d. B ob, w h o is m y b ro th e r s best frien /
very com plex-
e* The p ro b le m w h ic h w e a re trying to
^ usecj to be a prison.
I.
The T o w e r, w h ic h is L o n d o n 's main a
9-
H e h a d a n a c c id e n t as a c h ild , w
The film w h ic h w e bow yesterday is
1
i
Betty, w hose son is o n ly 2 / is l
disability.
^ 5 p ielberg's first,
ôr a
foil time job.
^ faQ m 'tty e b u,<
T h li is Ihe k in d o f m o to rc y c le * 10
:ia,KuWcVch ^ o Wonvch
ii. , m i r
Inne zdania podrzdne

16.1. Szyk zdania___________________
Z d a n ia Iw ie rd zq ce w jzyku a n g ie ls k im b u d o w a n e sq z a z w y c z a j n a s c h e m o a e S V O
p o d m io t + o r z e c z e n ie + d o p e n ie n i e ( s u b j e c t + v e r b + o b j e c t ) .
Podmiot
Orzeczenie
Dopenienie
M ark
reads
a lot of books.
Sally
is baking
a cake.
O koiiczniki
M a r k czyta duo
ksi e k.
S a lly p ie cze ciasto.
M o i ro d z ic e
M y parents
will buy
a new house
next month.
w przyszym
m ie s i c u k u p i
nowy dom .
Betty
wrote
B e tty n a p is a a
a novel.
p o w ie .
It
was raining
The concert
has just started.
heavily.
3 a rd z o p a d a o .
C o n ce rt w a n ie si
z a c z .
A n g ie lski jest jzykiem p o zycyjn ym , co ozn acza , e p o zycja d a n e g o s o w a w z d a n iu p o z w a la zrozum ie

je g o w aciw y sens i w pyw a n a znaczenie. W y n ik a to z b ra k u o d m ia n y rz e c z o w n ik w przez p rz y p a d k i,
k t re w jzyku p o lskim u m o liw ia j id e n tyfika cj p o d m io tu i d o p e n ie n ia .
Grandad hugged the grandchildren. - D z ia d e k p rz y tu li w n u k i.

The grandchildren hugged grandad. - W n u k i p rzytu liy d z ia d k a .
16. I N N E Z D A N I A P O D R Z D N E
, j. wyrtiko z powyszych p rz y k a d w , p o zycja d a n e j czci z d a n ia o d g ryw a istotn ro l d la znacze nia

. ni0 Forma cza so w n ik w nie z m ie n ia si w c a le , lecz znaczenie tak. N aley p a m i ta za te m , e ja k o
,erwszy w ang ielskim zd a n iu w yst p u je p o d m io t, a p o nim orzeczenie. Po orzeczeniu, jeli sq o b e cn e ,
Ysfpujq d o p e n ie n ia , a ner sa m ym k o c u e w e n tu a ln ie o k o lic z n ik i (czasu, m iejsca, itd.). Zazw yczaj nie
udziela S'Q orzeczenia o d d o p e n ie n ia . N a le y z w r c i u w a g na d o w o ln o w ko le jn o c i w yrazw
w polskim zdaniu:
bought
Mary
a dress
a t the shop
ye s te rd a y .
M a ry ku p d a
w czo ra j w sklepie
orzeczenie
oodmiot
P r z e c z e n ia
d o p e n ie n ie
o k o lic z n ik i
sukienk.
w jzyku a n g ie ls k im m a j zazw yczaj ta k i sam szyk jak zdan ia tw ie rd z ce . D o d a n ie s w ka
p rze c z c e g o
nie w p yw a w a d e n s p o s b na k o le jn o w yrazw .
M ary d id n 't bu y a dress a t th e shop y e s te rd a y . - M a ry n ie k u p ia w czo raj w sklepie su kie n ki.

G ra n d a d d id n 't hug the g ra n d c h ild re n . - D zia d e k nie p rz y tu li w n u k w .
It w a s n 't ra in ing h e a v ily . - N ie p a d a o za b a rd zo .

Sally w asn't b a k in g a cake . -
S ally nie p ie k a cia sta.
W pytaniach w jzyku a n g ie ls k im szyk z d a n ia rni si zalenie o d czasu, g w n e g o cza so w n ika w z d a n iu

lub uycia czasow nika p o s ik o w e g o . Z a g a d n ie n ie to zo sta o
szcze g o w o o m w io n e w
ro z d z ia a c h
powiconych poszczeglnym cz a s o m . Patrz: R ozdzia 1 0 Czasy.
Pytania mona tworzy:

przez inwersj, z c z a s o w n ik ie m b y " o ra z cza s o w n ik a m i m o d a ln y m i:
k|Was Mary ple ased w ith h e r presents? - Czy M a ry bya z a d o w o lo n a z prezentw ?
Is that your b ro th e r? - Czy to tw j brat?

Were you at school y e s te rd a y ? - Bye w czo ra j w szkole?
May I open the w in d o w ? - Czy m o g otw o rzy o kn o ?
Can you swim? - U m iesz p y w a ?
za pom oc czasow nika p o s ik o w e g o :
Does you r fa th e r sm oke? - Czy tw j ta ta p a li?

Do you like ba se b a ll?
Lubisz b a s e b a ll?
Did you buy a pre se n t fo r mum? - K upie prezent d la m am y?
W niektrych czasach z o o n y c h , s ta w ia j c na p o cz tku zd a n ia tylko cz o rze cze n ia (czasow n ik
posikowy):
Have you been running? - B ie g a a ?

W ill you be r e a d y f o r 5 o 'c lo c k ? - Bdziesz g o to w a n a pit?
Was Tom sleeping w he n y o u cam e hom e? - Czy Tom spa, kiedy w r c ia do d o m u?

Nietypowe sytuacje, jeli ch o d zi o szyk z d a n ia , zostan o m w io n e w rozdz.ale powiconym inwersji.
WYbobcfl.pl
dlo poczjtûincyth i zoawonsowanych
327
Do podanych zd a tw ierdzcych z a d a j p y ta n ie tak / nie:

a . I b o u g h t a n e w b a g o t th e sa le s.
b. M a r k is h a n g in g u p a n e w p ic tu re o n th e w a ll.
c. W e d e c id e d to g o to In d ia .
d . J a n e lik e s c o u n try a n d w e s te rn m u s ic .
e . W e a re g o in g to h a v e s p a g h e tti B o lo g n e s e f o r d in n e r .
f.
T his b o o k w as b a d ly d a m a g e d .
g . T h e film h a s a lr e a d y b e g u n .
h . M a r k h a d t o g o t o w o r k to d a y .
i.
M u m w a s w a s h in g th e d is h e s w h e n th e p h o n e r a n g ,
j.
Tom w a s a n g r y w ith his boss.
Z rozsypanych w y ra z w u z d a n ia tw ie rd z c e :
a . B o b / s le e p / o n th e s o fa (P re s e n t C o n tin u o u s )
b. I / re a d / J a k e / a r r iv e / a b o o k / w h e n (P a st C o n t in u o u s , P ast S im p le )
c. o u r / h o u s e / sell / w e o ld (Past S im p le )
d . w a tc h T V / I / a t fiv e / t o m o r r o w (F u tu re C o n tin u o u s )
e. w e / B o b / b u y / a p re s e n t / m u s t / f o r (P re s e n t S im p le )
f.
b e / A r g e n tin a / n e v e r / I / to (P re s e n t P e rfe c t)
g. p a y / y e s te rd a y / th e b ills (Past S im p le )
h. 2 o 'c lo c k / I / th e fla t / s in c e / c le a n (P re s e n t P e rfe c t C o n tin u o u s )
P r z e t u m a c z n a j z y k a n g ie ls k i:
a . K u p ia m to re b k .
b. K u p ia m w c z o ra j to r e b k .
c. K u p ia m to r e b k w c e n tr u m h a n d lo w y m .
d . K u p ia m w c z o ra j to r e b k w c e n tr u m h a n d lo w y m .
e. K u p ia m c z a rn to r e b k w c e n tr u m h a n d lo w y m .
f.
K u p ia m to re b k d la m a m y w c e n tr u m h a n d lo w y m .
g . K u p ia m c z a rn , z a m s z o w to r e b k d la m a m y .
h. K u p ia m w c z o ra j w c e n tr u m h a n d lo w y m c z a r n z a m s z o w to r e b k d la m a m y
16.2.
Z d a n ia o k o lic z n ik o w e cz a su
Zdania o k o lic z n ik o w e czasu o p is u j re la c je czasow e m id zy w y d a rz e n ia m i. Istnieje w ie le s p jn ik w ,

z ktrych w ikszo zo sta a ju o m w io n a przy o k a z ji czasu, w ktrym najczciej w yst p u j , czy w rozdziale
dotyczcym p rz y im k w , gdy w ikszo z n ich w yst p u je w zd a n ia c h rw nie w tej fu n k c ji, a take przy
okazji zda w a ru n k o w y c h .
Spjniki w yst p uj ce w z d a n ia c h czaso w ych to:
when (kiedy),
till / until (d o , a d o , d o p k i),
before (zanim , przed),
whereas (n a to m ia s t, ty m c z a s e m , p o d c z a s gdy),
as soon as (gdy tylko),
as (podczas g d y, kie d y, w m o m e n c ie gdy),
while (kiedy, po dcza s g dy),

as long as (tak d u g o jak),
after (po),
by the time (do czasu, gdy),
whenever (zawsze, gdy),
for / since (od, przez).
My mum and sisters were all cleaning the flat whereas my dad was sitting in the armchair
reading a newspaper. - M o ja m a m a i siostry wszystkie sprztaym y m ie szka n ie , podczas g d y tata
siedzia w fo te lu , c z y ta j c g a zet .
By the time the film finished, we had eaten all the snacks - chips, crackers and nuts.
- D o czasu gdy film si s k o c z y , z je d lim y wszystkie przekski - chipsy, krakersy i orzeszki.
Whenever I need yo u r help, you are always there for me. - Kiedy tylko p o trz e b n a jest m i tw o ja
m oc, jeste przy m n ie .
s I w a s w a lk in g a l o n g th e street, I s a w T o m w ith h is g irlfrie n d . - Kiedy szam u lic , zo b a czya m
o m a ze sw oj dziew czyn.
As soon as uncle Bradley calls with the news, I will inform you. - G d y tylko w u je k B radley
zadzw oni z w ia d o m o c ia m i, p o in fo rm u j w as.
As I stepped into the room, I saw a terrible mess. - G d y w eszam d o p o k o ju , zo b a czya m o k ro p n y

b a a g a n .
W IC Z E N IA
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia o d p o w ie d n im s p jn ik ie m :
as so o n as
w henever
as
w h ile
as lo n g as
a fte r
since
until
a ........................................| w a lk e d in to th e ro o m , I n o tic e d s o m e o n e h a d been there.

b. Y ou co n c o m e to th e p a rty w ith u s ...................................... Yo u b e h a ve p o lite ly .
c. I've b e e n liv in g h e r e ...................................... I w a s ^ Years ^ *
d . W e w o n 't le n d y o u a n y m o n e y ...................................... Yo u re u rn th e 1 0 0 e u ro s Yo u o w e u s*
e. I w as c h e c k in g th e c a r b e fo re the t r i p
m Y w lo w as Pa c k in 9 ,he b a 9 s *
f......................................... | fo u n d o u t Jim w as in h o s p ita l, I w e n t to see h im .

g ........................................T o m h a d in v ite d m e to d in n e r, I w en t to the s h o p to b u y a new dress.
h. Sally w o u ld b re a k in to t e a r s ....................................she h e o rd th a l so n 9-
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329
W y b ie rz p ra w id o w o d p o w ie d z :
a.
I'v e k n o w n J im s in c e / f o r h e jo in e d o u r fe a m .
A s l o n g a s / A s s o o n a s c o u s in B o b s ta ys a t o u r p la c e , I II b e s le e p in g a t J e n n y 's .
c.
B e f o r e / A f t e r th e p a tie n t h a d b e e n e x a m in e d , h e w a s ta k e n f o r a n X - r a y .
d . W h e r e a s / W h e n e v e r th e p h o n e rin g s , I ju m p w ith jo y h o p in g it s J o h n .
e. I w o n 't se n d h im a n y m o n e y u n til / w h e r e a s I'm s u r e h e is a n h o n e s t m a n .
f.
B y th e tim e / A s s o o n a s I r e tu r n e d h o m e , th e f l a t h a d b e e n c le a n e d .
g . I'v e a lw a y s w a n te d to b e c o m e a n a c tre s s , w h e r e a s /
w h e n e v e r m y b r o t h e r - a m u s ic ia n
h. W h i l e / A s s o o n a s I w a s w a s h in g th e d is h e s , B e c k y w a s p r e p a r in g d e s s e r t.
i.
B e f o r e / Till I b o o k e d a ta b le a t th e r e s ta u r a n t, I a s k e d J o h n 's o p in i o n ,
j-
A s s o o n a s / B y th e t im e th e film fin is h e s , p le a s e s e n d t h e k id s t o b e d .
P o c z c z c i z d a w p a ry :
1. Y o u c a n h a v e a d o g
2 . As s o o n as I g e t h o m e
3 . By th e tim e I re tu rn e d h o m e
4 . B e fo re w e s e n t th e in v ita tio n s
a . h e fe ll d o w n th e s ta irs .
b . I 'll le t y o u k n o w .
c. w h e re a s th e
re s t o f th e
fa m ily p re fe r
C h in e s e .
5 . I w o n 't s p e a k to h im
d . a s lo n g a s y o u ta k e c a r e o f it.
6 . T o m 's g r a n d a d h a s b e e n in h o s p ita l s in c e
7. W h ile I'm c o o k in g
8 . I lo v e Ita lia n fo o d
e . u n til h e a p o lo g is e s t o m e .
f.
f. dinner had been prepared.
g . p le a s e p o p in to th e s h o p to g e t so m e
c a rro ts .
h . w e h a d m a d e o lis t o f g u e s ts .
16.3. Z d a n ia o k o liczn ik o w e m iejsca

dania okolicznikow e m iejsca OKreslajq przestrze, w o b r b ie k t re j m a / m ia o m iejsce jakie w ydarzenie.
Wystpuj w nich dwa spjniki: w h e r e (gdzie) oraz w h e r e v e r (g d zie ko lw ie k, gdzie tylko).
D ad a lw a y s fo rg e ts w h e re he p a rk e d th e c a r. - Tata zawsze z a p o m in a , gdzie z a p a rk o w a
sam ochd.
London is the p la c e w h e re I d lik e to live the m ost. Londyn to m ie jsce , g d z ie c h c ia a b y m

najbardziej m ieszka.
W h e re v e r I liv e ,
I'm
h a p p y . - G d z ie k o lw ie k m ieszkam , jestem szczliwa.
W h e re v e r he g o e s , his fa ith fu l d o g fo llo w s . - G d z ie k o lw ie k on idzie, je g o w ie rn y pies idzie

za nim.
W ICZENIA
W y b ie r z p r a w id o w y s p jn ik :
e.
where / wherever I first saw M ary.

Where / Wherever you take m e, I'll be happy.
I jog where / wherever I can - in the p a rk, to the bus stop ...
Paris is the city where / wherever my parents m et.
I listen to m usic where / wherever I can. I'm a to ta l a d dict.
f.
In my house, the kitchen is the p la ce where / w herever a ll im p o rta n t decisions a re m ade.
a. This is the place

b.
c.
d.
where / wherever the a c c id e n t h a p p e n e d .

h. W here w o u ld you like to g o o n h o lid a y? - Where / Wherever. I just w a n t to g e t aw ay
g. This is the p la ce
somewhere.
Przetumacz
na
jzyk angielski:
a. G dzie tylko uda si Jim , jo p jd za nim .

b. G dzie kolw ie k Sara jedzie na w a ka cje , narzeka na wszystko.
c. To jest m iejsce, g d zie sta stary budynek sdu.
d. Sydney to m iejsce, g d zie c h c ia a b y m m ieszka.
e. Powiedz m i, gdzie s m o je o ku la ry.
f.
To jest budynek, gdzie kiedy m ieszkaam .
g. Tom jest m a n ia k ie m p ik i n o nej - g ra , gdzie ty lk o moe.

h. K apitan S parrow nie c h c ia n ik o m u pow iedzie, gdzie ukryty by skarb.
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WIELKA G R A M A TY K A J Z Y K A A N G IE L S K IE G O
iA A 7 A n n i a okolicznikowe jE g g g b
u
nrlnn^zo sie d o sposobu w y k o n a n ia czynn oci w z d a n iu nadrzdnym ,

Zdonio okolicznikowe sposo u
w yko n a n a . S p jn ik i w y s t p u j c e w tych zdaniach to:
okrelaj, w jaki sposb dana czynno zostaa wy
as
(tak iak) a s if / as th ou gh (jakb y, ja k g d y b y ).

i b o u g h t th e v e g e t a b l e s , a s y o u w a n t e d . - K u p ia m w a r z y w a
, a k c h c ia a .
filled in the form as was required. - W y p e n ia m f o r m u l a r z , ,a k

Mary looked so beautiful as she had never looked before. -
b y o to w y m a g a n e .
M a r y w y g l d a a t a k p , kn,e, jak
n ig d y w cz e n ie j.
I f e e l a s if I h a v e b e e n h it o n t h e h e a d . - C z u j si , j a k b y k t o u d e r z y m n i e w g o w .
S h e d i d n 't l o o k a s if s h e w e r e h a p p y . - N i e w y g l d a a n a s z c z liw .
S a l l y b e h a v e d a s if s h e w a s a n g r y w it h u s . - S a l l y z a c h o w y w a a s i , j a k b y s i n a n a s g n ie w a a .
S t e v e b e h a v e d a s if h e w a s a p r i n c e o r s o m e t h i n g ! -
S t e v e z a c h o w y w a s i , j a k b y b y ja k im
k s i c ie m !
She looks as though she has seen a ghost.
- W y g l d a , ja k b y z o b a c z y a d u c h a .
D o n 't t a lk to m e a s t h o u g h y o u k n e w m e . - N i e m w d o m n ie , j a k b y m n i e z n a .
S o n i a a c t s a s t h o u g h s h e w a s a n e x p e r t in t h is m a t t e r . - S o n ia z a c h o w u je s i , ja k b y b y a e k s p e rte m
w ty m te m a c ie .
N a le y z w r c i u w o g , ze jeli p o r w n a n ie jest n ie p r a w d z iw e lu b n i e p r a w d o p o d o b n e , a c z a s o w n i k g w n y
test w c z a sie teraniejszym , w z d a n iu p o d r z d n y m u y w a n y je st c z a s p r z e s z y , j a k w z d a n i a c h w a r u n k o w y c h .
n H p ^ Z r Wni
9 f Wny ieS,7 W a Sie p r z e s z y m ' w z d o n i u p o d r z d n y m , a b y o d n i e s i d o p rz e sz o c i,
uyta forn K J w ^ z a m t a s t w ^ T 0 * *
*****
D ' p ie n " s z e i 1 t r z e c ie i o s o b y lic z b y p o j e d y n c z e j m o e by
te ra n ie j
a SOWnik glW" V ies W a0Sie
p ie w a l a k d o b r z e j o k w y g l d a .
W IC Z E N IA
Pocz czci zda w pary:
1. M a ry p a in ts ...
a. as if you w e re a p ro fe s s io n a l.
2 . Y ou sp e a k English ...
b. as th o u g h she has b e e n p ra c tis in g since

c h ild h o o d .
3 . T o m plays te n n is ...
4 . You m a k e such d e lic io u s sp a g h e tti ...
c. as if she w e re a Picasso.
5. M y 5 -y e a r-o ld son re a d s a n d w rites so w ell ...
d. as if he w e re 8.
6 . Y o u skate so w ell ...
e. as if he w ere th e next A gassi.
7. M a ry d a n ce s ...
f.
8. B ob sings ...
g. as th o u g h yo u w e re a n a tive .
as if you w e re b o rn in Italy.
h. as if he w e re a n o p e ra sing e r.
W ybierz praw idow form czasownika:

a. You lo o k e d so h a p p y as if you ( m e e t) ........................... ...................... s o m e b o d y fa m o u s .
b. H e r h u sb a n d treats h e r as if she ( b e ) ............................ .....................a toy.
c. S top b e h a v in g as th o u g h you ( b e ) .................................. ............... a baby.
d. D o n n a acts as if she ( h a v e ) ............................................... ... som e e x p e rie n ce in th a t k in d o f w o rk .
e. D o n 't ta lk to m e as if you (know) ....................................
f.
He solves M a th s tasks as if he ( b e ) ................................
g. You eats as th o u g h yo u (not e a t ) .................................... ............ fo r weeks.

h. Stop sne akin g up o n m e a n d a c tin g as if you (be) .................................................. so m e secret a g e n t!

o. Jim w y g l d a , ja kb y b y ch o ry.
b. W yg l d a sz, ja kb y s ta o si co strasznego.
c. T ra k to w a li m n ie , ja k b y m bya jak w a ria tk !
d. M w i, ja k b y n a p ra w d przeczyta t ksik.
e. Tina z a c h o w u je si, ja k b y nie lu b ia T o m a , a le w ie m , e to nie jest p ra w d a .
Jestem ta ka z m c z o n a , ja k b y m nie s p a a przez tydzie.
g. Przesta z a c h o w y w a si, jakby w ie d z ia a , o c o ch o dzi.
W IELKA G R AM ATYKA JZYKA AN G IE LS K
5. Z d a n ia o k o lk z n ik o w e f g !
Z .
ce lu o d p o w ia d a jq n a p y i . n e *
po = 0 ? w o t o c u ? w ,to y w .n o *
d a n o czynno. S p jn iki w ta k ic h zd a n ia ch s n a s t p i e .
bezokolicznik:
*, n u
I went to that shop to buy bread. - Poszam d o s k le p u , ze b y k u p i c h le b .
I called Jim to remind him about mum's birthday. - Z a d z w o ,la m d o J .m a , z e b y p rz y p o m n .e mu
to (eby, aby) +
0 u ro dzinach m am y.
bezokolicznik:
1came home earlier in order to clean up before grandm a's visit. - W r c ia m d o d o m u wczeniej,
i n o r d e r t o (eby, aby, w celu) +
eby posprzta przed w izyt b a b ci.
In order to secure the place, additional forces were called in. - A b y z a b e z p ie c z y miejsce,
w ezw ano d o d a tk o w e siy.
i n o r d e r t h a t (eby, a b y, w celu) - jeli p o d m io t z d a n ia g w n e g o jest in n y n i p o d rz d n e g o :
We moved to the countryside in order that the kids spend more time outside. - P rze p row adzilim y
si na wie, eby dzieci spdzay w icej czasu na p o w ie trz u .
We took our son s computer away in order that he fin a lly gets d o w n to some studying.
- Zabralim y synowi k o m p u te r, eby w k o cu z a b ra s i za n a u k .
>
s o t h a t [zeby, aby) + c a n , w i l l , m a y (czas te ra n ie jszy), c o u l d , w o u l d , m i g h t (czas przeszy):
I turned the volume up so that grandma could hear. - Z r o b ia m g o n ie j, e b y b a b c ia syszaa.

I m on a d,e. so that one day I will be able to put that red dress on. - J e s te m n a d ie c ie , zeby
pew nego dnia zaozyc t cze rw o n sukienk.
s o a s to (eby, aby) + b e z o k o lic z n ik
^ZT
:
01 * * " *
d0y
- Z a d z w o n ia m d o J im o .
"d
u p e w n i *
i.
w ic z c o d z ie n n ie , Zeby by z p e . n o
16 . I N N E Z D A N I A P O D R Z D N E
W IC Z E N IA
Pocz p a ry zda w je d n o , u y w a j c spjnika p o d a n e g o w naw iasie:

a. Jim c a lle d m e. H e in v ite d m e to th e c in e m a , (in o r d e r to)
b. W e m o ve d the p a rty to S aturday. N o w T o m ca n c o m e , (so that)
W e 'v e b o u g h t a c a r. N o w w e can g o a w a y lo r w e e k e n d s , (so as to)
c.
d. I'm g o in g to France. I w a n t to le a rn French, (to)

e. Tom c h a n g e d his jo b . N o w his fa m ily sees h im m o re o fte n , (in o rd e r th a t)
f.
I m a n a g e d to save s o m e m o n ey. I ca n b uy a new la p to p , (so that)
g. Put a w a rm jacke t o n ! Y ou w ill keep w a rm , (so as to)

h. I'm saving m o n ey. I w a n t to g o to A fric a o n e d a y. (in o rd e r to)
Pocz czci zda w pary:
1. I'll ta ke a taxi
a . to have his knee fixed.
2 . I need to buy s o m e th in g to w e a r
b. so as to ta k e Sue o u t f o r h e r b irth d a y .
3 . He is n o t e xp erie n ced e n o u g h
c. so th a t you w o n 't g e t w e t.
d . in o rd e r to be o n tim e .
W e 'v e b o o k e d c o n c e rt tickets
5. Let's w a it 5 m o re m inutes
e. so as to lo o k nice fo r m y n e w jo b .
6. W e d o n 't have e n o u g h m oney
f.
7. Tom w ent to h o sp ita l
g. to be h ire d fo r this p o s itio n .
8. Take an u m b re lla
h. so th a t M s Jenkins can jo in us.
to b o o k th a t p a c k a g e h o lid a y in Tunisia.
Przetumacz na jzyk angielski, uywajc podanych spjnikw:

a. Tom p rze pro w ad za si d o Londynu, eby szuka pracy, (to)
b. M a m a rzucia p a le n ie , eby dzieci nie narzekay, (in o rd e r that)
c. Zapisz sobie m j n u m e r te le fo n u , eby nie z a p o m n ie , (so that)
d. W czylim y telew izor, eby o b e jrze w ia d o m o c i, (in o rd e r to)
e. Bob poyczy o d z n a jo m y c h d u o pienidzy, eby k u p i m o to r, (so that)
f.
W stan ju tro o 6 , eby nie spni si na e g z a m in , (in o rd e r to)
W zdaniach w ynikow ych, opisujcych skutek jakiej czynnoci lu b w y d a rz e n ia , w y s t p u j p a ry wyr0ZW:

s o ... t h a t oraz s u c h . . . t h a t (toki, takie ..., e ....)
D la p rzypom nienia, przysw ek s o wystpuje z p rz y m io tn ik ie m , innym przys w le m
z m a n y i m uch:
s o m a n y / s o m u c h (tak duo). S u c h czy si z rzeczow nikiem lu b z rze czo w n ik,e m poprzedzonym
przym iotnikiem . (Patrz Rozdzia 5 .5 .)
I was so tired that I fell asleep on the bus. - B yam ta k a z m c z o n a , e zasn a m w autobusie.
The weather was so lovely that we decided to go for a walk. - P o g o d a b ya ta k a pikna, e
zdecydow alim y si p j na spacer.
I had so many things to do that I forgot to eat. - M ia a m tyle rzeczy d o z ro b ie n ia , e zap om n ia a m

zje.
The lecture was such a waste of time that I left after five minutes. - W y k a d b y ta k strat czasu,
e wyszam p o 5 m inu tach .
Jim is such a boring person that I don't want to invite him to my party. - Jim jest ta k nudna
oso b , e nie chc g o zaprasza na m o j im prez.
We had such a wonderful time in Prague that I want to go there again. - T a k d o b rz e bawilimy
si w Pradze, e chc tam p o je ch a jeszcze raz.
W IC Z E N IA
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia so lu b such :
a. The little b o y w a s
noisy th a t w e c o u ld n 't h e a r e a c h o th e r ta lk .
b. You speak E n g lis h
w ell th a t yo u c o u ld be a tra n s la to r.
c - 11 w o s ...........................a g o o d m o vie th a t I ca n re c o m m e n d it.

d - Tom i s ..........................0 responsible person, th a t I let h im lo o k
a fte r m y kids.
e. The Browns h a v e .......................... m uch m o n ey th a t they d o n 't k n o w h o w t o s p e n d it.

B k lS ................. ........Po o r h a he needs to b o rro w m o n e y every m o n th .
g. There w e r e ...........................m any p e o p le a t th e c o n c e rt th a t I c o u ld b a re ly see th e staae.
h - " w a s ........................... 0 I d day th a t I p u t tw o ju m p e rs o n .
i.
The m usic w o s .......................... relaxing th a t I fe ll osleep.
' We h d ........................... ,e rrib le w e o ,h e r a t ,h e seaside th a t w e n e ve r left th e h o te l.

O T h . b o o k W . u O w h b o rin g . h , | r e o d , g o f e , ,
b
They t a n , k t a n n o h o lk ( o ,
c Th. g,ri o, C iK b ! V .ho. I f.ll

d. Th. dog WO,
e Miss Jones is
wilh
hr,
onnoykng ,h, | ta o d .d .o g , owo< *

/ suci] o wonderful teacher that n i l
I. Th. 0!!,o ,d . o .
t a r i ^ L t Z L
9 M a ry is 8./ such o devoted friend that I know I con n l
,
h
336
Ju d * w as
T 108 CO m LP C,e
rt
b lin d ly in lo v e th a t she d id n 't n o t ic e T h a / n

ce k -h o rlie w a s c h e a tin g o n h e '.
dla p o c iq tk v iq c y c K i zaaw ansow anych
16. IN N E
ZD A N IA

a. Byo ta k c ie p o , e z a o y e m s z o rty .
b. Tom je s t ta k i m d r y , e m g b y b y p o lit y k ie m .
c. C ia s to b y o t a k ie p y s z n e , e z ja d a m 2 k a w a k i.
d. M a m ta k d u o p r o b le m w , e n ie m o g w n o c y s p a .
e. M o ja b a b c ia je s t ta k w s p a n ia o s o b , e n ie m o g s o b ie w y o b r a z i y c ia b e z n ie j.
f.
P o k j b y w t a k im n ie a d z ie , e p o w ie d z ia a m s y n o w i, e b y n a ty c h m ia s t p o s p rz ta .
g. M ie li ta k ie p i k n e m ie s z k a n ie , e w szyscy im z a z d ro c ili.
h. W lis to p a d z ie b y o ty le d e s z c z u , e k ilk a m ia s t z o s ta o z a la n y c h .
P O D R Z D IS
, 6 7 Zdania okolicznikowe p rz y z w o le n ia : th
a lth o u g h M w e y r J e s ^
>n spj t of
,
w :n 0 o k o lic z n o c ia c h , w y d a rz e n ia c h , p o m .m o k t ry c h m a miejsce
Z dania okolicznikow e p rz y z w o le n i mOw.q
^
inne wydarzenie. S pjniki w y s t p u je w ta kich
a lth o u g h / th o u g h (mimo e, chocia),

e v e n if e v e n th o u g h (nawet jeli, pom im o tego
,
...J,
. r (cokolwiek), w h e r e v e r (gdziekolwiek) i.p .
a lth o u g h / th o u g h (m im o e, chocia) - m o g q by s to s o w a n e z a m ie n n ie , le c z t h o u g h jest rzadziej
uywane. Obydwa mog znale si na pocztku z d a n ia :
I invited Jim to the party although my husband doesn't l.ke h.m. - Z a p ro s .a m jim a na p rz y jc ie ,
m im o ze m j m g o n ie lu b i.
Although she had no experience, she was offered the job. - M im o e n ie m ia a adnego
dowiadczenia, z a p ro p o n o w a n o jej proc.
I've tried paragliding although it is a very dangerous sport. - P r b o w a a m p a ra lo tn ia rs tw a , mimo

e jest to bardzo niebezpieczny sport.
Though it was cold, I went out with my dog. - C h o c ia b y o z im n o , w y s z a m z psem .
e v e n if / e v e n t h o u g h (nawet jeli, p o m im o te g o e ...) - s p jn ik i te s m o c n ie js z e o d a lth o u g h

/ th o u g h , z tym e e v e n if odnosi si tylko d o przyszoci, a e v e n t h o u g h - d o przeszoci:
I want to go paragliding even if it's very dangerous. - C h c p o le c ie p a r a lo tn i , m im o e jest to

bardzo niebezpieczne.
I went paragliding even though it was very dangerous. - S p r b o w a a m p a ra lo tn ia rs tw a , mimo

e byo to bardzo niebezpieczne.
Even if it rains, we'll go camping. - N a w e t jeli b d z ie p a d a o , p o je d z ie m y p o d n a m io t.

I sold my car even though I was very attached to it. - S p rz e d a e m s a m o c h d , m im o e byem do
niego bardzo przywizany.
h o w e v e r / w h a te v e r 7 w h e r e v e r i inne zoenia .ego typu:

wygraam z to b w ^ c r a b b j T * ^
SCr b b le 9 a i " S y u ~ J o ^ o lw ie k si s ta ra a m , nigdy nie
Whatever you say, I'll always agree with you. - C o k o lw ie k p o w ie sz, zawsze si z to b zgodz.
Despite having*a lot of

nieszczliwa
Zney^t
X'
fh
' '
^
W h itP'
u n h a P P y - - M im o e mci d u o p ie n i d zy, jest bardiO
P o m im o te g o ze m j c h o p a
In spite of the roin, we went

In spite of having a headache
poszam odw iedzi Boba w szpitalu
338
dla poc*q,k u s y c h , .0 o ^ n iow
"
)m'm ^ eszczu>p o je c h a li m y p o d n a m io t,
U
B b a th e h 5 p it a l.
P o m im o blu 9 wy
WICZENIA
W y b ie r z p r a w id f o w q o d p o w ie d z :
a. D e sp ite / In sp ite s tu d y in g a ll n ig h t, Jim fa ile d his e x a m .
b. H o w e v e r / A lt h o u g h th e w a tc h w a s e x p e n s iv e , I b o u g h t it f o r M ik e .
c. I'll bu y th a t c a r e v e n if / e v e n t h o u g h I h a v e to b o r r o w a lo t o f m o n e y .
d . M y p a re n ts fin a lly b o u g h t th e h o u s e o f th e ir d re a m s e v e n if / e v e n t h o u g h th e y h a d to b o rro w
a lo t o f m o n e y .
e
A lt h o u g h / D e sp ite I d o n 't lik e c o m e d ie s , I w a tc h e d o n e w ith m y frie n d s .
f.
D e sp ite / T h o u g h th e w o n d e r fu l w e a th e r, w e s ta y e d a t h o m e .
g. E v e n t h o u g h / In spite o f I w a s tire d , I h e lp e d H e n ry w ith his h o m e w o rk .

h. D e sp ite / A lt h o u g h th e fa c t th a t I e a rn little , I lik e nny jo b .
U z u p e n ij luki o d p o w ie d n im i sp jn ik a m i:
a. I b o u g h t these s h o e s ............................................. th e y w e re q u ite e x p e n s iv e .
b ...............................................h a rd I try to c o n v in c e h im , he d o e s n 't w a n t to g o to
th e d o c to r.
c ...............................................h a v in g m a n y frie n d s , he fe e ls lo n e ly .
d .............................................. th e illn e s s , J im w e n t to th e m e e tin g .
e. I'll g o to A u s tra lia next y e a r ............................................. I h a v e to q u it m y jo b .
f...............................................th e film w a s b o r in g , I lik e th e w a y th e a c to rs p e rfo rm e d .
g. I aske d Joh n fo r so m e m o n e y
I d id n 't w a n t to .
h .............................................. th e fa c t th a t w e liv e next d o o r, w e h a rd ly see e a c h o th e r.
P o c z cz ci z d a w p a ry :
1.
2.
In spite o f th e ra in
a.
Even th o u g h 1 w a s tire d
b.
3 . I'll invest m y m o n e y in th e b u siness

4. A lth o u g h
1 h a te
M a th s
c.
1 d e c id e d to stud y E c o n o m ic s .
1 m a n a g e d to fin is h th e p r o je c t
1 w e n t fo r a w a lk .
d. eve n if it m ig h t b e a b it risky.
5.
1 like
6.
W h a te v e r she sa id
f.
7.
1 had
g - a lth o u g h
m y jo b
p a n c a k e s fo r lu n c h
8 . D e s p ite a ll th e d iffic u ltie s
o n tim e .
e. Jim a lw a y s a g re e d w ith h e r.
1 w e n t to J im 's p a rty.
h. eve n
1 d o n 't e a rn m u c h .
th o u g h 1 d o n 't lik e th e m
m uch.
W IE L K A G R A W A I TrvM
i A ft Zdania z I'd rathe?lJ ou'd b ette r
^ .r X J ,: Z T J Z Z Z Z Z
w , _ ,
^
r r przyszoci. Jeli podm iot w z a
w ould ra th e r + b e z o k o lic z n ik (bez to|
im an j.
pr 7 eczen iach, p o r a t h e r d o d a ie m y sw ko not

k
I w o u ld ra th e r sleep th a n w o rk . - W o la a b ym spo raz Pro c * a '

.
..
M a rk w o u ld ra th e r e a t m e a t th a n v e g e ta b le s . - M a rk w o la b y ,e m . s o n,z w arzyw a.
I'd ra th e r n o t in te rru p t th e m n o w . - W o la a b ym im teraz m e pize szka d za .
Jeli w zdaniach wystpuj rne podm ioty, czasow nik w zda niu p o d rz d n y m w y s t p u je w fo rm ie czasu
P a st Sim ple, a po swku r a th e r dodane jest d o p e n ie n ie . W p rz e c z e n ia c h s to s u je m y to k form jok

w czasie Past Sim ple, czyli d id n 't + fo rm a p o d s ta w o w a .
I w o u ld ra th e r y o u h e lp e d g ra n d m a th a n w a tc h e d T V . - W o la a b y m , eby p o m g babci, ni
o g lda telewizj.
W e 'd ra th e r o u r son w e n t to u n iv e rs ity th a n lo o k e d f o r a jo b . - W o le lib y m y , eby nasz syn
poszed na uniwersytet ni szuka pracy.
I'd ra th e r y o u d id n 't g o th e re w ith o u t m y p e rm is s io n . - W o la a b y m , eby nie szed tam bez
m ojego pozwolenia.
W odniesieniu do przeszoci uywamy form y w o u ld r a t h e r + h a d + trze cia form a czasow nika:

I'd ra th e r w e h a d spent th a t last m o n th to g e th e r, b u t it w a s n 't p o s s ib le . - W o la o m spdzi ten
ostatni miesic razem, ale nie byo to moliwe.
Do wyraenia preferencji suy take w ould p re fe r. G d y p o d m io t w o b y d w u z d a n ia c h jest taki sam,

uywamy struktury w ould p re fe r -i- to + b e z o k o lic z n ik :
I'd p re fe r to stay a t h o m e . - W olaabym zosta w d o m u
W e 'd p re fe r to liv e in P o la n d . - W olelibym y m ieszka w Polsce.
l u b
^ u . d S ; n ; ^ s ^ : k nS,rUkcie: W O U ,d p r e f e r + o s o b a + o + bezokolicznik
1^
Wyraenie h a d better -f bezok I*
*L
- W olaabym , eby mj
'
lub sugestii. O dnosi si do te ra n ie js z o ^ I k ^

jeli / kiedy .
' W U' d
* ^ a r e i n f i n i t i v e ) uyw any jest d o wyraenia rady
Dla wszystkich osb ob o ' ^ rZ^SZ^
swku better: had better not + b e z o k o T ^ T ^

You d b e tte r g o to a d o c to r - lp n i i
M a rk h a d b e tte r te ll us th e tru th
SOn b e c a m e a
C1, ^
i$zyku p o ls k im o d p o w ia d a m u le p ie j bdzie,
S m a f rm o ' U c z e n ie tworzymy, dodajc not po
l i Czasownik posikowy h a d za zw ya a j skracany jest d o 'd
Y o u 'd b e tte r n o t be la te . - Lepiej T * ' '

W . d b . not
M a ry o M .
* P SZedt to lek M rk P o d z i a n a m p ra w d .
sp, in8
eP 'e j, ebym y nie m w ili M a ry o wypadku.
(l1 POUqlU.aruH. i -
16. IN N E
Z D A N IA
PODRZDNE
WICZENIA
U zupenij z d a n ia p ra w id o w form c z a so w n ik a (w szystkie o d n o s z si d o teraniejszoci
lub p rzyszo ci):
a.
1 w o u ld
ra th e r (you, not talk) .............................
b. I'd p re fe r it if (my son, be) .................................. ................. . m ore responsible.

c.
d.
1 w o u ld
1 w o u ld
ra th e r (be) ................................................. .... h a p p y tha n rich.

ra th e r (you, not play) ............................. .........................fo o tb a ll in the ga rd e n .
e. I'd prefer (spend) ................................................... .. the w eekend a t hom e.

f.
I'd prefer it if (the w inter, end) ...........................
9- W e 'd prefer it if (o u r ne ig h b o u rs, no t listen) .. ...................................................to lo u d music a t night.

h. M y m um w o u ld ra ther (1, not s p e n d ) ............... ..................................... so m uch tim e partying.
P rz e tu m a c z n a j z y k a n g ie ls k i, k o r z y s ta j c z w y r a z w w n a w ia s a c h :
a . W o la a b ym i do kina ni d o teatru, (rather)
b. W o la a b ym , ebymy poszli d o kina zam iast d o tea tru , (rather)
c. W olelibym y jecha na wycieczk, ni pracow a, (rather)
d . W olelibymy, eby oni p ra c o w a li, ni rozm aw iali, (rather)
e. W olaabym by teraz sam a. (prefer)
f.
W olaob ym , eby wicej d o m nie nie dzw oni,
(prefer)
g . Kiedy byam m aa w o la a m je sodycze ni warzyw a, (rather)

h. W olaab ym , eby nie o g l d a tyle telew izji, (rather)
D o p is z ra d d o k a d e j z p o n i s z y c h s y tu a c ji s to s u j c had better:
a s k firs t
n o t g o th e re
ta k e a n u m b re lla
c a ll
an
a m b u la n c e
ta k e a ta x i
g o to th e d e n tis t
n o t s p e n d so m uch m o n e y
te ll th e tru th
a . It's g o in g to rain.
..........................................................................................
b . I have too tha che.
........................................ .................................................
c. Tom w ill be late fo r w o rk.
...........................................................................................
d . I w ant to take my d a d 's c a r.
...........................................................................................
e. Sally wants to buy a lot o f clothes..................................................................................................

f.
I lied to my parents.
...........................................................................................
g . This place looks da n g e ro u s.
...........................................................................................
h. A w om a n has fainted,
...........................................................................................
16.9. Zdania z It's high time
___________
It's tim e... lub It's high tim e ... o d p o w ia d a j p o lsk ie m u n a jw y szy c z a s
" p o ra (c o z ro b i ) czas
(eby co zro b i) . W sk a zu j ko n ie czn o zro b ie n ia cze g o , p o n ie w a nadszed na to czas. Po wyraeniach

tych wystpuje to + b ezo ko liczn ik.
it's (high) tim e + to + b e z o k o lic z n ik
It's tim e to g o hom e. - C z a s i do d o m u.

It's tim e to g e t up . - Czas wstawa.
It's high tim e to te ll the tru th . - N ajw yszy c z a s p o w ie d zie p ra w d .
D op enienie w prow ad zam y za p o m o c przyim ko fo r :
It's tim e fo r us to g o h o m e . - C z a s , ebym y poszli d o d o m u .

It's tim e fo r y o u to g e t u p . - C z a s , eby w sta.
It's high tim e fo r Ted to te ll the tru th. - Najwyszy czas, eby Ted p o w ie d z ia p ra w d .
Dia wzmocnienia, zamiast bezokolicznika, mono

P a s t S im p le . N;e uywa si wtedy przyimka fo r :
uy czasow nika
formie czasu przeszego
It's tim e w e w e n t hom e. - C z a s , ebym y poszli do d o m u .

It s tim e y o u g o t up. - Czas, eby wsta.
It s high tim e Ted to ld the tru th. - Najwyszy czas, eby Ted p o w ie d z ia p ra w d .
WICZENIA
N o p is z z d o i o z
it's
(M gkd
) o opi nych ^
(uiyj for . b e 2 o k o |k a .M ;
a. 'm feeling racily bad. (you / go / doctor)

b . I know your son is lying, (he / tell the truth)
<1
..................................................
I haven't received my salary fo r three months, (you / pay! ..................................................

H s late. (fhe k id s / g o ?o bed)........................................................................................................
e. I'm starving. (I /
som ething)
..................................................
f. 1 know you like th o tg iH . ( y o u / osk he r out)

g. I hate my flatm ate, (she / move out)
h W e must finally decide, (we / m oke
0d e c ** )
..................................................
..................................................
16.
IN N E
Przekszta zdania, uywajc czasownika w czasie przeszym:

a
It's h ig h tim e for you to ta k e re s p o n s ib ility lo r your ac tio n s .............. .
b. It's h ig h tim e fo r you to c h a n g e yo u r a ttitu d e
..........
c. It's tim e fo r us to show yo u o u r surprise.

d. It's h ig h tim e fo i m e to g o o n h o lid a y .
c. It's h ig h tim e fo r the g o v e rn m e n t to take a c tio n .
f.
........
.........
It's tim e fo r you to lea rn h o w to use e -m a il.................................... ..........
g . It's tim e fo r M a ry to g o o n a diet....................................................... ..........

h . It's tim e fo r you to cle a n up this p la ce !............................................ ..........
a. Najwyszy czas, eby Tom ow iadczy si sw ojej dziew czynie.
b. Pora, eby nauczy si sam ro b i sobie k a n a p ki.
c. Czas i spa.
d. Najwyszy czas pow iedzie szefowi, e Tom k ra d n ie firm o w e pienidze.
e. Czas, eby przyzna si, e zabrae t kopert.
f.
Czas, ebymy zrobili w iosenne porzdki,
Najwyszy czas zm ie n i styl ycia.
h. Pora, eby zacz u p ra w ia sport.
Z D A N IA
PODRZDNE
16.10. Konstrukcja there is / there are

Konstrukcja
.Ker. i,
(dla M
.here a r .
, p o ie d r"c r i> c a t
stosowanych w ry k u a n g ie ls k ie
(dla t a b , m n o g i. jest
Sta, o n a d o w yraenia, te w d o n y m tn o m e n c e . w d a n y m m,e,scu
znajduje si, jest jaka rzecz, oso ba lub zjawisko.

T h e re is a b o o k o n the ta b le .
N a stole jest (znajduje si) ksiqzka.
T h e re a re p ic tu re s o n th e w a ll.
N a cianie sq o b ra zki.
T h e re 's a lo t o f ra in in N o v e m b e r.
W listopadzie jest d u o deszczu.
T h e re 's a m a n s ta n d in g a t the g a te .
There
Przy b ram ie stoi mczyzna.
wystpuje w takich zdaniach w roli p o d m io tu , podczas gdy rzecz, o s o b a , z ja w is k o stanowi
d o p e n ie n ia . Liczba, w ktrej uyy zostanie czasow nik b y ", zaley w a n ie o d lic z b y d o p e n ie n ia :
is - a book, are - pictures.

W konstrukcji tej czsto stosowane s okrelniki ilo cio w e
a few, a little, some, any, no,
itp,
(patrz Rozdzia 6.3 ).

T h e re is som e m ilk in the fr id g e . - W lod w ce jest tro c h m leka.
T h e re a re a fe w p e o p le in the c in e m a .
W kinie jest kilka osb.
T h e re a r e n 't a n y c h ild re n in th e ir fa m ily .

T h e re a re n o c a rs in the s tre e t a t n ig h t.
W ich ro d zin ie nie m a adnych d z ie c i.

N o c na u licy nie m a adnyr h s a m o c h o d w ,
P rz e c z e n ia w tej konstrukcji tworzymy, d o d a j c d o o d m ie n io n e j fo rm y cza so w n ika b y " s w ko

W przeczeniach przewanie konieczne jest zastosow anie o kre ln ik a
T h e re is n 't a n y b r e a d le ft.
any:
N ie ma ju chlebo.
T h e re a r e n 't a n y b o o k s in th e b a g .
W to rb ie nie m a adnych ksiek.
are, p o te m there,
uycie any
P y ta n ia tworzymy przez inwersj, staw iajc na pocztku czasow nik is lu b

do p e n ie n ie i reszt zdanio W pytaniach przewanie konieczne jest te
Is th e re a n y che ese in th e frid g e ?
Czy w p u d e lk u s cze ko la d ki?
Konstrukcji tej uywamy m in w pytaniach o ilo. N aley

o rzeczowniki pol.czalne, a h o w m u c h
H o w m uch m ilk is th e re in th e b o ttle ?
e h o w m a n y -.tosuiom y, pytaj-
Ile o s b jest w
twoim
biurze?
||e m leka jest w butelce?
T h e re w e re a lo t o f p e o p le a t th e c o n c e rt.
pamita,
nie p o licza ln e (Patrz Rozdzia 2 I 2)
H o w m a n y p e o p le a re th e re in y o u r o ffic e ?
r jr jr , :
a nastpnie
Czy w lod w ce jest sei?
A r e th e re a n y c h o c o la te s in th e b o x ?
not
- - ... *
........
N a k o n c e rc ie b y o d u o lud zi
T h e rl h
I 0
r0,nt
W M k ' W ,/m 'y 0 d ,,iu
d u o d e s /i
T h e re h a v e b e e n a lo t o f r u m o u n a b o u t K e lly a n d W *
b y o d u o plotek
w e d d in g .
W o k tlu b u f oily
16. IN N E
Z D A N IA
PODRZDNE
WICZENIA
p l
Z ro z s y p a n y c h w y r a z w u z d a n ia , u y w a j c th e r e is / th e r e a r e :
a . m any trees / in th e g a rd e n
..........................................................
b. a pla te / o n the ta b le
c. a lo t o f sand / o n th e b e a c h
d . no salt / in th e s a lt c e lla r
e.
11
f.
a tra in to G la s g o w / a t fiv e
g.
12
...........................................................
players / in a fo o tb a ll te a m
...........................................................
............................... .......... ................
m onths / in a y e a r
h. m any o ld b u ild in g s / in m y to w n
...........................................................
i.
a few co o kie s left / in th e ar
......................................... .................
j.
some p e o p le / in fro n t o f the h o u se
...........................................................
Z a m ie z d a n ia n a p r z e c z e n ia i z a d a j p y ta n ie z a m k n i te ( w y m a g a j c e o d p o w ie d z i
ta k / n ie ):
a. There is som e che ese in th e frid g e .......................................... ...........................................................
b. There are flo w e rs in the vase..................................................... ...........................................................
c. There is a lo t o f ra in in N o v e m b e r......................................................................................................
d. There is a c a r in the c a r p a rk ................................................................................................................
e. There are m a n y b o o k s in the lib ra ry ....................................... ...........................................................
f. There is a spo rts ce n tre in m y to w n ......................................... ...........................................................
g. There are a lo t o f p e o p le in th e s h o p p in g m a ll to d a y .................................................................
h. There is a n a rm c h a ir in m y ro o m ........................................................................................................
Z a d a j p y ta n ia o ilo i o d p o w ie d z n a n ie , z g o d n ie z e w s k a z w k a m i.
a. players in a v o lle y b a ll te a m / six
....... ...................................................
b. pupils in the c la s s ro o m / 2 5
...........................................................
c. stars o n the A m e ric a n fla g / 5 0

d. days in a w ee k / seven
e. cars in the c a r p a rk / o v e r
f.
*...............................
...........................................................
100
...........................................................
su g a r in the b o w l / o n ly a little
g. flights a d a y to L o n d o n / 12
h. m oney in the w a lle t / n o
...........................................................
Q u e s tio n
ta g s, zwane czasem
pyta niom ,
umi
i przeczcych. S to kr tkie p y ta n ia s a q q c e
czasow nika
b y "
lub czasowm a
w v s te p u iq n o k o c u z d a tw ierd zcych
p o s i)k o w e g o (do, d o e s , d id ), form y
roz
^
o d p o w ia d a j c e g o
m o a nego
p o d m io to w i
zdania
k o m e n to w a n y m z d a n iu i o d p o w ia d a j
g w n e g o . W yra a j on e prob
i ta , ze a o s w q u e s t io n t a g musi
im p o lskie p ra w d a ? ", n ie p ra w d a ? " lub czyz n.e? . N a le y p a m
,
zgadza si z czasem zda nia g w n e g o , a p o d m io t w o b y d w u m us, by
D la z d a tw ie r d z c y c h w q u e s tio n ta g p o ja w ia si p rze cze n ie , zawsze w fo r m ie s k r c o n e ,:
Y o u lo v e m e, d o n 't y o u ? - Kochasz m n ie , p ra w d a ?
(w zda niu g w n ym uyto czasu P r e s e n t S im p le , std w p y ta n iu ro z c z n y m c z a s o w n ,k po s,kow y
do, stosow any z d ru g o so b liczby po jedynczej you)

T o m is B e n 's b e s t fr ie n d , is n 't he? - Tom jest najle pszym p rz y ja c ie le m B e n a , n ie p ra w d a ?
(w zd a n iu g w n ym
uyto czaso w nika b y " , a za te m
q u e s t io n
ta g
m usi
b y
uyte jego
przeczenie)
Y o u liv e in th e c e n tre , d o n 't y o u ? - M ieszkasz w c e n tru m , czy nie?
T h e y w e n t to S p a in in th e s u m m e r, d id n 't th e y ? - P o je c h a li la te m d o H is z p a n ii, n ie p ra w d a ?
B e tty is v e r y s m a rt, is n 't she ? - Betty jest b a rd z o m d ra , p ra w d a ?
U w a g a ! C zasownik b y " w pierw szej o s o b ie liczby p o je d y n c z e j m a w p rz e c z e n iu fo r m a r e n 't :

I a m p re tty , a r e n 't I? - Jestem a d n a , n ie p ra w d a ?
I a m y o u r b e s t frie n d , a r e n 't I? - Jestem tw o j n a jle p s z p rz y ja c i k , czy nie?
D la p r z e c z e q u e s t io n t a g m a zawsze fo rm tw ie rd z c :
H e d o e s n 't lik e b a s k e tb a ll, d o e s he? - O n nie lu b i ko s z y k w k i, p ra w d a ?
M a r y is n 't v e r y re s p o n s ib le , is she? - M a ry nie jest zbyt o d p o w ie d z ia ln a , n ie p ra w d a ?
Y o u s h o u ld n 't ta lk to h e r lik e th a t, s h o u ld y o u ? - N ie p o w in ie n e ta k d o n ie j m w i , czy nie?
I a m n o t selfish , am I? - N ie jestem s a m o lu b n a , p ra w d a ?
J.iN Wzdaniu gtwnim pojowioj, *
w p ro w a d za j, p o c e n i e , tokle jok h a r d , , e v e r , n e * r , no,
m
IL
P ra C "
''m
* " "
le d I
'L T " 9 * T
T
i * *
' N i9 d " ie d d l * > I * . p ra w d o ?
hQS n m o n e y ' d o e s h e ? - Jim nie m a pienidzy, czy nie?
Jeli w zdaniu g w n ym w ystpuje zaim ek n ie o kre lo n y ( s o m e b o d y

w q u e stio n ta g jest t h e y :
N o b o d y like s w in te r, d o they - N ik t nio i.,U;
l- m
a n y b o d y , n o b o d y ), zaim kiem
S o m e b o d y should te ll him th e truth, s h o u ld n 't t h e y ?

y
Kto pow inien pow iedzie m u praw d , czy nie?
WICZENIA
D o p is z question tags d o p o n i s z y c h z d a :
a . T o m studies a t u n iv e r s ity ,........................................................................................?
b. M a ry w o rk e d as a te a c h e r fo r 3 0 y e a r s , ........................................................................................ ?
c. Y o u r n a m e is B o b , ........................................................................................ ?
d . J im 's pa re n ts live in L e e d s ,........................................................................................ ?
e. Y ou have never p la ye d this g a m e , ...................................................................................... ?
f.
W e sh o u ld h e lp g ra n d m a w ith the s h o p p in g ,.........................................................................................?
g. Jim was w a tc h in g T V , ........................................................................................ ?

h. They w ill g o skiin g next w e e k , ...................................................................................... ?
i.
T o m is a real fo o tb a ll f a n , ........................................................................................?
Betty ha d a n a c c id e n t y e s te rd a y ,........................................................................................ ?
k. I ca n trust y o u , ........................................................................................?
I.
I a m the prettiest g irl yo u k n o w , ........................................................................................ ?
D o p is z question tags d o p o n i s z y c h z d a :
a. Steve d o e s n 't e a t m e a t , ........................................................................................?
b. It d id n 't ra in y e s te rd a y ,....................................................................................... ?
c. I am n o t a c o w a r d , ........................................................................................?
d. Y ou a re n 't s c a r e d ,........................................................................................?
e. The students d id n 't pass the e x a m ,...................................................................................... ?
f.
Y o u r parents d o n 't like y o u r b o y fr ie n d ,...................................................................................... ?
g. N o b o d y knew the a n s w e r ,...................................................................................... ?

h. W e w o n 't g o on h o lid a y this y e a r , ...................................................................................... ?
i.
They d o n 't have a c o m p u te r ,........................................................................................?
j.
It is n 't w a rm t o d a y , ........................................................................................?
k. Sally never s m ile s ,........................................................................................?

I.
W e d o n 't have m uch t i m e , ...................................................................................... ?
P o q c z c z c i z d a :
1. Sally is a v e g e ta ria n ,
a . do es she?
2 . S o m e b o d y w ill h e lp yo u ,
b. a re n 't 1?
3 . W e have n o th in g to lose ,
c. w o n 't they?
4 . H e is lo o k in g fo r a n e w jo b ,
d. d o 1?
5. You love yo u r n e w jo b ,
e. isn't he?
6. M u m d o e s n 't use the c o m p u te r,
f.
1 never d rin k c o ffe e ,

8. 1 a m re sp o n sib le a n d
g. d o we?
w e ll o rg a n is e d ,
is n 't she?
h. d o n 't you?
UA
l 7 n r h o w o n a jest s tru k tu ro z d a n ia o z n a jm u jq c e g o . W norm alnych
P ytania typu e c h o " to p y ta n ia , w
ory
, e c h o " fr a g m e n t / s o w o , o k t r e p y ta m y , zastpione
p y ta n ia c h stosuje si szyk P ^ e s ta w n f
p
jest o d p o w ie d n im z a im k ie m p yta |n ym lu b p
s to s o w a n y m w p y ta n ia c h . C h a ra k te ry s ty c z n a dla
y
pyta e c h o " jest ro sn ca in to n a c ja . O to przyka d y:

I a m g o in g to A f r i c a . - J a d d o A fryki.
Y o u a r e g o in g w h e r e ?! - G d z ie je d zie sz? !
T h e d e a d lin e is t o m o r r o w . - T e rm in u p y w a ju tro .
T h e d e a d lin e is w h e n ?! - K ie d y u p y w a te rm in ? !
I w a n t to h a v e a t a t t o o . - C h c s o b ie z ro b i ta tu a .
Y o u w a n t to d o w h a t ?! - C o chcesz z ro b i ? !
N o rm a ln e p yta n ia brzm ia yb y:
W h e r e a r e y o u g o in g ?
W h e n is th e d e a d lin e ?
Pytania
e c h o " zastosujem y, a b y w yra zi
n ie d o w ie rz a n ie ,
z d z iw ie n ie
u s y s z a n
in fo r m a c j
lub gdy
nie usyszelim y jej d o k a d n ie i c h c e m y d o p y ta . M o e m y te z a k w e s tio n o w a c a e z d a n ie , nie tylko

p o szcze g ln cz, z m ie n ia j c ty lk o in to n a c j .
I w a n t to m o v e to C h in a . - C h c p rz e p ro w a d z i si d o C h in .
Y o u w a n t to m o v e to C h in a ? ! - C hcesz si p rz e p ro w a d z i d o C h in ? ! ( in to n a c ja ro s n c a )
WICZENIA
Z a d a j p y ta n ia e c h o " d o p o n i s z y c h z d a :
a. M a rk p ro p o s e d to m
b. I w a n t to buy g_.cqr.
c. The pa rty is on Friday.
d. W e 're m o v in g to W r o c a w .
e. I'm le a rn in g J a p n ^ g .
f.
Jim b ro ke his le g .
g. Jake loves chess.

h. W e 'll m e et o L the bus sto p
I.
O u r boss has fire d M a g g ig .
i-
Steve singsJn g_hoir.
k. I w a n t to sell m v u a r.
* G r e 9 sh o u ld g o to the
16. IN N E
Z D A N IA
PODRZDNE
] 6 . 13. So do I, Neither do I___________________

K o n stru kcja so / n e it h e r r-
czasownik posikowy
podmiot su y
d o p o tw ie rd z e n ia lu b z a p rz e c z e n ia
in fo rm acji ze z d a n ia g w n e g o . P o d m io t w tej k o n stru k c ji m u si by inny ni w z d a n iu k o m e n to w a n y m .

C za so w n ik p o sik o w y o d p o w ia d a c z a s o w i u ytem u w z d a n iu g w n y m i p o d m io to w i w k o m e n ta rz u . Tym i
cza so w n ik a m i s z a z w y c z a j d o , d o e s , d id , fo rm y c z a s o w n ik a b y " o ra z c z a so w n ik i m o d a ln e .
So + c z a s o w n ik p o s ik o w y - f p o d m io t u yw a si d la z d a tw ie rd z c y c h :
M a r y like s C la s s ic a l m u s ic .
So d o e s B e tty . -
M a ry lub i muzyk klasyczn. Betty te. (uyto
d o e s poniew a w z d a n iu g w n y m w ystpuje czas P r e s e n t S im p le , a w kom enta rzu w ystpuje
she
= Betty, czyli trzecia o s o b a liczby pojedynczej)
Tom is a g r e a t f o o t b a ll p la y e r . S o a m I. - T o m jest w ietnym pikarzem . Ja te. (w zda niu g w n ym

uyty jest czasow nik b y " w czasie teraniejszym , w ic kon ieczna jest fo rm a dla za im ka I)
M y n e ig h b o u rs h a v e b o u g h t a h o u s e . So h a v e m y p a re n ts .
M o i ssiedzi kup ili d o m . M o i rodzice
te.
Tom w a s la te . S o w a s G e o r g e . - T o m si spni. G e o rg e te.
Alice can ride a horse. S o c a n I.
A lic e u m ie jedzi k o n n o . Ja te.
N e it h e r -f c z a s o w n ik p o s ik o w y + p o d m io t uywa si d o k o m e n to w a n ia przecze:
M a r y d o e s n 't lik e C la s s ic a l m u s ic . N e it h e r d o e s B e tty . - M a ry nie lub i muzyki klasycznej. Betty
te nie.
Tom is n 't a g r e a t f o o t b a ll p la y e r . N e ith e r a m I. - T o m nie jest do b rym p ik a rz e m . Ja te nie.
M y n e ig h b o u rs d i d n 't b u y a h o u s e . N e it h e r d id m y p a re n ts . - M o i ssiedzi nie k u p ili d o m u . M o i
rodzice te nie.
Tom w a s n 't la te . N e it h e r w a s G e o r g e . - T o m si nie sp n i. G e o rg e te nie.
A lic e c a n 't r id e a h o rs e . N e it h e r c a n I. - A lic e nie u m ie jedzi k o n n o . Ja te nie.
34
Z9 d *
ze z d a n ia m i, p z y w o fe c p o d m io , w n a w ia . a c h :
a . Kelly loves sweets. (Jenny)

b. Ben likes h o rro r film s, (we)
c. M y do d con play the gu itar, (my brother)
d. Suzy w en t to the dentist. (Bob an d Sally)
e. Y our house is b e a u tifu l, (o u r house)
f.
M u m is c le a n in g the kitche n, (aunt Betty)
g . I have been to Paris a few tim es. (John)

h. Y ou should be m o re p o lite . (Billy)
i.
C hris is very tire d . (I)
j.
D od fo rg o t a b o u t m u m 's birthday. (I)
..............................
Z g d si z e z d a n ia m i, u i y w a jq c p o d m io tu w n a w ia s a c h
a. Tom d o e s n 't hate h o rro r m ovies. (Luke)
..............................
b. They d id n 't pass the exam , (we)
..............................
c. Jenny w a sn 't ready to leave. (Kate)
..............................
d. I d id n 't co m e to the lectu re, (my friends)
..............................
e. M y m um d o e s n 't w o rk in a bank, (my da d)
..............................
f.
..............................
I h a v e n 't eaten snails before, (we)
g. Kate isn't g o in g to Jim 's party. (I)
..............................
h. Tom s h o u ld n 't sm oke th a t m uch, (you)
..............................
i.
O u r neighb ours d o n 't have a d o g . (we)
..............................
j.
I d o n 't have tim e to rest, (my husband)
..............................
a. Jim spni si na e g za m in . Ja te.
b. N ie chc i d o kin a . Tina te nie.
c. N ie um iem pyw a. M o ja siostra te nie.
d. N ie w idzielim y te g o film u . N asi z n a io m i te nie .
e. M o ja b a b cia m ieszka na wsi. M y te.
f.
M j mz me lub i chiskiej kuchni. Ja te nie
g. Jenny jest w e g e ta ria n k . Jej rodzice te.
h. Tom nie pow m ien b a w i si z a p a k a m i. Ty te nie.
350
d lo p o c z tk u j c y c h i z a a w a n s o w a n y c h
16. IN N E
Z D A N IA
PODRZDNE
16.14. Inwersja czasownika__________________

Niektre p rzys w ki i w y r a e n ia , ktre p o ja w ia j si n a pocztku a n g ie lskie g o zd a n ia , w y m a g a j inwersji
o rzeczenia. O z n a c z a to , e aanie przybiera w tedy szyk p yta n ia . Jego znaczenie pozostaje je d n a k bez
zmian. In w e rsj sto su je si tylko d la p o d k re le n ia p e w neg o fa k tu , g w n ie w jzyku fo rm a ln y m lub d o
d odania d ra m a ty z m u op isyw a n e j sytu a cji. O to przykad:
He h a r d ly e v e r d rin k s c o ffe e . - O n p ra w ie n ig dy nie pije kawy. (szyk norm alny)
Po przestawieniu przysw ka na p o cz te k zd a n ia , orzeczenie przybiera fo rm p yta n ia , w ta k im sam ym

czasie, w jakim w ystpuje w zd a n iu w yjciow ym
(Present Simple):
H a rd ly e v e r d o e s h e d r in k c o ffe e . O n praw ie nigdy nie p ije kawy.
Tworzc zdania z inw ersj, naley p a m i ta o uyciu o d p o w ie d n ie g o d la d a n e g o czasu czasow nika

posikow ego, jeli jest konieczny, i o uyciu po d sta w o w e j fo rm y czasow nika g w n e g o .
Inne przykady:
I se ld o m w a tc h TV. - Rzadko o g l d a m telew izj.
S e ld o m d o I w a tc h TV .
^ T o m m a n a g e d to p a ss th is te s t o n ly b y c h a n c e . - Tom ow i u d a o si zda ten test jed ynie dziki

B przypadkow i.
O n ly b y ch a n ce d id T o m m a n a g e to p a ss th e test.
I w ill n e v e r g o o u t w ith th a t b o y . - N ig d y nie u m w i si z tym c h o p a k ie m .

N e v e r w ill I g o o u t w ith th a t b o y .
Jeli zdanie wyjciowe jest zo o n e , n a p o czte k przestaw ia si c a e zdanie po drz dne , a nie tylko sam
przyswek / wyraenie / s p jn ik :
Tom w e n t to a c lu b o n ly w h e n his p a re n ts h a d a g r e e d . - Tom po szed d o klu b u , d o p ie ro gdy
zgodzili si na to je g o rodzice.
O n ly w h e n his p a re n ts h a d a g r e e d , d id T o m g o to a c lu b .
Przyswki i w yraenia w y m o g a jq c e in w e rsji m a j zazwyczaj w ydw ik negatyw ny lu b restrykcyjny. M o na

je p o g ru p o w a w n a st p u j cy sp o s b :
czasowe:
rarely, seldom, never:
N e v e r h a v e I h e a r d such a s tu p id jo k e . - N ig d y nie syszaem tak g u p ie g o d o w c ip u .

R a re ly a r e th e re s u lts so p o o r . - Rzadko kiedy w yniki s ta k ie kiepskie.
czasowe:
s c a r c e ly
u
n
... w h e n , n o
h a r d ly
s o o n e r ... t h a n
sooner
nz
z a z w y c z o i u y w a n e z czasem
<~- - g* * k -
kto z a p u k a d o drzw i.
oni, +
w yra e n ie
z d a n ie p o d a n e c z a s w ,,
o n l, b , (!# 0
d z ig k i).
O n ly w h e n I le ft .h e a p o r t m , n l d id I r o m . m b e r I h o d le f t th e T V o n . -
no. o n l, ... bo,
D o p ie r o g d , w p zta n ,
z m ie szka n ia , p rz y p o m n ia a m s o b ie , e z o s ta w ia m w c z o n y te le w iz o r.
O n ly a ft e r y e a r s o f m a r r ia g e d id I r e a liz e I w a s n 't h a p p y . - D o p ie r o p o w ie lu la ta c h maestwo
z d a a m so b ie sp ra w , e n ie b y a m szczliwa.
N o t o n ly d id w e h a v e fin a n c ia l p r o b le m s , b u t w e a ls o h a d t o c o p e w i t h g r a n d m a s illness.
- M ie li m y nie tylko p ro b le m y fin a n s o w e , a le m u s ie li m y te p o ra d z i s o b ie z c h o r o b b a b c i.
O n ly n o w a m I s u re w h o is m y r e a l fr ie n d . - D o p ie ro te ra z je ste m p e w n a , k to je s t m o im prawdziwym
p rzyja cie le m .
ilo c io w e :
little, few:
L ittle d o y o u k n o w a b o u t m y p e r s o n a l life ! - M a o w iesz o m o im yciu o s o b is ty m !

F e w w e r e th e p e o p le w h o k n e w h im w e ll. - N ie w ie le b y o o s b , k t re z n a y g o d o b rz e .
so
4- p rzym io tn ik /
such
+ rze czow nik, g d y g w n y m c z a s o w n ik ie m jest b y " :
S o t e r r ib le w a s th e n e w s t h a t M a r y fa in t e d . - W ia d o m o c i b y y ta k s tra s z n e , e M a ry zem dlaa.

S u c h w a s th e e a r th q u a k e t h a t m a n y to w n s w e r e d e s t r o y e d . T rz sie n ie z ie m i b y o ta k ie , e wiele
m ia s t zo s ta o zniszczonych.
under no circumstances (w a d n ym w y p a d k u ), on no account ( p o d a d n y m pozorem),

at no time (nigdy), on no condition (p o d a d n y m w a ru n k ie m ), not until ( d o p k i nie):
O n n o c o n d itio n w
e n d y o u th e m o n e y . - Pod a d n y m w a ru n k ie m n ie p o y c z ci pienidzy.
O n n o a c c o u n t s h o u ld y o u o p e n th e d o o r . - Pod a d n y m p o z o re m n ie p o w in n a o tw ie ra tych
drzw i.
N o . M i l I e n te r e d r n , (lo t, d id I r e o lls e I w o s b e in g f o l l o w e d . - D o p P k i n ie w e s z a m d o mieszkonie,
m e za u w a ya m , e kto m n ie ledzi.
to
r Z
d o n i ch
* * *> -
hovo k" wn * - ihis

t i o d I b e e n a t th e m e e tin g , I w o u ld h a v e k n o w n a b o u t t h k
If y o u s h o u ld see th e c h a ir m a n
eby za d zw o n i d o p a n a Lee.
a s k h im n
II k *
P r b le m .
f
S h o u ld y o u see th e ch a ir m a n , a s |< h im to c a || M r Le e
~ Jeli sPO*kasz p re z e s a , pow iedz mU'
16. IN N E
Z D A N IA
PODRZDNE
WICZENIA
W ybierz prawidowq opcj:
o. Fg w / Little d id the fa m ily kn o w a b o u t his dishonest actions.
b. H g r d W - Q n l y had we left w hen the ph one rang.
c. N o t o n ly / N e v e r have we seen such a b lo o d y accident.
d. U n d e r n o c irc u m s ta n c e s / In n o c irc u m s ta n c e s sho uld you reveal con fiden tial in fo rm a tio n .
e.
O n ly
/ N o t o n ly was he b a n k ru p t, but also m iserable a n d lonely.
f.
O n ly
/ N o t o n ly a fte r the vo tin g did the ca n d id a te reveal his true intentions.
S uch
/ So dishonest was the article that the jou rna list ha d to resign.
h.
S uch / So was the show th a t the a u dien ce left the theatre.
P rz e k s z ta z d a n ia , z a c z y n a jq c o d p o d a n y c h w y r a e :
a
The discussion was so vivid th a t we c o u ld n 't calm d o w n . So ....
b. The tension was so g reat th a t n o bod y said a w ord. Such ....

c. I have seldom heard such kin d words. Seldom ....
d. As soon as I entered the ro o m , I noticed there had been a burglary. N o s o o n e r....
e. The country was in a crisis, n o t only a fin a n cia l one, b u t also a p o litica l one. N o t o n ly
f.
....
You c a n 't show these docum e nts to anybody no m atter w hat. U nd er no circum stances ....
g. If we had know n a b o u t his past, we w o u ld n 't
have h ire d him . H ad ....
h. The p o lice knew little a b o u t the scope o f that fishy business.Little ....
U z u p e n ij z d a n ia p r a w id o w q fo r m q c z a s o w n ik w :
a. O n ly when I returned h o m e , (I, n o tic e )............................................... I had left my p h o n e a t w ork.
b. Rarely (it, h a p p e n )
c . N o soo ner (the b o o k, p u b lis h )
d. S hou ld (you, s p e a k )
th a t o w o m a n proposes to a man
.............................. than it becam e a bestseller.
to M s B row n, please tell her to c o m e to my office.
U n d e r n o circum stances (be, you, lend) ............................................... m oney to Jerry.
f.
N o t o n ly (I, b e ) ...............................................late fo r w ork b u t I also lost my w allet.
O n ly after he spoke to his boss (he, d e c id e ) ................................................ to stay on at his o ld job.
N o t until I ha d g o t o n the bus (I, re a liz e )............................................... my ticket was in va lid .
1. P rz e d im k i
a. O K , b . the ra d io , c. a u n ifo rm ,
d . the H ague, e. to c h u rc h ,
1
a . th e , b. a , c. the, d . a , e. the#
f. th e , g . a n , h. th e , i. the, j. a ,
k. th e , I. a n , m. a , n. the, o . th e ,
p . a n , q . a , r. the, s. a n t. the,
f. O K , g. to A sia, h. re turn ed
hom e, i. O K , . f o r d in n e r,
k. all night, I. in bed, m . the
a . a# b . a , c. b, d . a , e. b, f. b,
g . a , h. b
6
a . m o o s e , b . sheep, c. oxen,
d . wolves# e . g e ese, f. carp,
D em ocrats, n. O K
g . s a lm o n , h . m ice
u . the
2, R z e c z o w n ik i
7
R z e c z o w n ik i p o lic z a ln e : kilo,
a . th e , b. a, c. an, d . a, e. the,
species, serie s, ba rra cks, sheep,
f. th e , g . the, h. a , i. the, j. a,
k. th e , I. th e , m. the, n. a
a . keys,
b.
heroes, c. w atch es,
c h ild , fo o t, d o z e n , governm ent,
d . wives, e. safes, f. ra d io s ,
louse
g . halves, h. desks, i. brushes,
R z e c z o w n ik i n ie p o lic z a ln e :
a . a , b. the, c. the / the, d . a,
j.
rice , b illia rd s , cheese, politics,
e. the, f. a, g. a, h. the, i. the,
m. kisses
stories, k. tom ato es, I. p h o to s,
w o o d , m ilk , p a tie n c e , weather,

the best, ra b ie s
j. a / an
2
8
a . oxen,
a . a , b. a, c. b, d. a, e. b, f. a,
d . sheep, e. m ice, f. species,
a . m easles, b . flo u r, c. money,
g. b, h. a, i. b, j. a
g . series, h. c h ild re n , i. w o m e n ,
d . frie n d s h ip , e . Linguistics,
j.
f. d a rts , g . th e best, h. furniture,
b.
teeth, c. m e n,
geese, k. salm o n, I. fee t,
m. deer
i. e q u ip m e n t, j. ad vice
a . a , b. b, c. a, d . a, e. b, f. a,
g . b, h. b, i. a, j. a, k. b, I. a
a. boxes,
b.
species, c. udges,
a . in the m iddle, b . in the sky,
d . heroes, e. parties, f. Ja p ane se, g . a , h . b, i. a , j. a

g. teeth, h. sheep, i. thieves,
c. a t the end, d . during the
j.
days
10
w eek, e. once a week, f. prison,

g . the prison, h. all night, i. on
ho lid ay, j. by plane, k. on TV,
I. d u rin g the night
1. c, 2 . d , 3 . f, 4 . g , 5 . i# 6. h,
7 . j,
his music videos,
b.
England had
turkeys for ou r Christmas dinner.
a . the, b. the, c. a, d . the,

e. Ihe, f. on, g. The, h. a / a,
. tbe, j. a, k. the, I. the / the,
m. a / a / the, n. the
8.
e, 9 . b , 1 0 . a
a . This director go t awards for
colonies in Africa, c. We bought
11
1. c, 2 . e, 3 . g , 4 . j, 5 . h,
7 . f,
8.
6. a,
d, 9 . b, 10. i
d. We need shelves for o u r books.

e. These teeth have to be pulled
out. f. Sheep provide w o o l g. |n
our group there are two Swiss and
wo Japanese, h. There are wolves
and deer in the zoo. j. p|ease b
'wo loaves ot bread,
ore alraid ol mice.
354
a . a , b . b, c. a , d . a , e. b, f. b,
die. p o c z q tku iq cych i W aw a n so w a n ych
j.
C hildren
12
a. diagnoses, b . stimuli, c.
c o rp o ra ,
d . a q u a ria , e. bacteria,
f. c u rric u la , g . analyses, h. crises,
i. theses, j. phenom ena#
k. bases, I. c rite ria
KLUCZ
13
bland reds of people attended
D O W IC Z E
3. C z a s o w n ik i
q. grown-ups, b. w om en
the funeral o f the fam ous writer
doctors, c. m others-in-law ,
i. This piece o f music was written
d postmen, e. passers-by,
in the 1 9 * century, j. M um ps
a. b, b . a, c. b, d . a, e. b, f. b,
f, brothers-in-law, g . breakdow ns,
isn 't a dangerous disease, k. This
g. a, h. b, i. a, j. b, k. b, I. a
h. take-offs, i. fo rget-m e-nots,
illness is caused by bacteria from
j. pocket-knives, k.
w ater. I. These photos sho w war
|. menservants
heroes from the 1940s.
a. I d o n 't like jazz. b . My m other
14
a. analyses, b. ap p le trees,
18
have a w onderful summer.
a. girl, b . wife, c. bitch, d . mother,
d . Peter doesn't w ork in a bank.
c. passers-by, d . p h e n o m e n a ,
e. aunt, f. queen, g. waitress,
e. It did n 't rain a ll day. f. This
e. curricula, f. grow n-u ps,
h. empress, i. heroine, j. landlady,
bag doesn't belong to M ary.
g. criteria, h. breakdow ns,
k. fem ale soldier
g . We d o n 't ploy tennis very well.
a p p le trees,
doesn't like horses, c. W e d id n 't
i. bacteria, j. pocket knives
h. James d id n 't break his leg
19
on holiday, i. This soup doesn't
15
a . m an, b . son, c. stallion,
smell delicious, j. M ike doesn't
a. outskirts, b. thanks, c. brains,
d . prince, e. heir, f. a cto r,
do his hom ew ork after school,
g . g ra nd fath er, h. b rid eg roo m ,
k. W e d id n 't d o o u r shopping at
i. po lice m an , j. ram , k. bull
the m arket yesterday. I. James
d. remains,
e. glasses,
f. handcuffs,
g. scales, h. customs, i. scissors,
d id n 't buy a new house.
j. premises
20
16
a . she, b. it, c. he, d . he, e. he,
a. cattle are, b. O K , c. police
f. she, g . she
a . Does M ary like coffee? b . Did

you win the lotlery? c. D o you
have, d. These clothes are,

e. dozen, f. draughts is, g . The
21
have a younger brother? d. Do
US is, h. Is $ 5 0 0 , i. Iron, j. O K ,
a . Tom 's house, b . my parents'
they work in a big com pany?
k. These statistics show , I. thanks
house, c. Tom and M ary's
e. Does Peter sm oke a lot?
were
house, d . d o c to r M ille r's house,
f. Did you have a go od time at
e . James's house / Jam es'
the concert? g . Does M ark do
17
house, f. my brother's friend's
a lot of sports?
house, g . my sister-in-law 's
your shopping yesterday? i. Does
dishonest people, b. There are
house, h. the Browns' house,
it rain a lot in Seattle? j. Did
two indexes at the end o f the
i. kids' toys, j. James and
they build a new hotel in the city
book, one in Polish an d one in
M o n ic a 's toys
Politics is lu ll o f c o rru p t an d
- 1 if ! A m P 1
best means of keeping fit.
22
d* Helpless passers-by co u ld o n ly
a . side, b. b o tto m , c. top,
stare at the injured m an. e. The
d. m id d le , e. end, f. b e ginn ing,
young, nowadays, have m ore
g . purpose, h. back
He gave me two pieces of

advice: first
second
have som e rest,
take som e vitam ins
9- f he outskirts o f o u r tow n are

quiet and full of green parks.
you d o
centre? k. Does Jone like French

movies? I. D oes your m um d o
English, c. D oing sports is the
opportunities than their parents.
h. Did
the laundry twice a week?
4
a. did, b. does, c. does, d . did,
e. does, f. d o , g. do,
i. did , j. do
h. does,
W IE LK A GRAMA TYK A JZYKA A N G IE LS K IE G O
Tom yesterday, k. Pam a n d Jo h n

a . Don't close the window!
w eren't a very happy co u p le .
b . Don't go there! c. D on't eat
I. My g rand father w asn 't in the
your breakfast! d. Don't do your
navy.
hom ework! e. Don't turn off the
i. ho s, j. h a s, k. h a v e , I. had,
f* 9
m. h a v e , n. has
15
a . Jo h n h asn 't g o t a fast cor.
b. Betty d o esn 't h a ve a beautiful
TV! f. Don't invite him to our
10
party! g. Don't feed the dog!
a. Are you a d o ctor? b. W ere
silk d re ss, c . M y neighbour's
the kids in the zoo ye s \e rd o ^
ch ild re n h a ve n 't got a place to
h . Don't play the piano!
if
c. Is Tom Ja n e 's h u sb an d ?
p lay. d . W e d o n 't hove a lot
d. W as it very cold last w inter?
of free tim e. e. W e didn't have
a . I really did not do it b. I do
e. W as Billy an acto r w hen he
b re a kfast in the m orning, f. Peter
know the answ erl c. Jim did ca ll
w as young? f. W ere there m any
d id n 't h a ve a g re a t time on the
me! d. I really do not like him !
people at the p e rfo rm an ce?
trip. g . M y m o th e r h asn 't got lots
e. W e really did not see anything!
g. Are Jim and Sally in love with
of free tim e. h. T h e Browns don't
f. I actually do have a few
each other? h. Is M r P arke r your
h ave beau tifu l w o o lle n carpets
questions g. He really did seem
M aths teach er? I. W a s Biology
in their flat. i. Y o u didn't have
a little nervous, h. I do not w ant
your favourite school su bject?
a w onderful h o lid a y last year,
rtJWiSU
to take part in this!
j. Are they both your friends from
j. I h a ve n 't got tim e to help you.
agom
is?o
school? k. Is there any milk left
a. is, b. are, c. are, d. are, e. am ,
in the fridge? I. A re you a big
16
football fan?
a . Have you g o t any brothers
o r sisters? b . Has she got any
i-wng.
raffle, *
f. a re , g. is, h . a m , i. a re , j. are,
k . A re, I. is, m. a re , n . is, O. is,
11
anim als at home?
p. is
a. Were they happy to see you?
c. D o you have time to visit your
b. Was John working in the
grandparents? d . Did you have
garden? c. Is M ount Everest the
lunch with your boss?
a. was, b. was, c. were, d. -was,
highest mountain in the world?
e. Does Paul have many friends?
It
e. were, f. was, g. were, h. was,
d. Is Tom responsible fo r this
f. Did they have a good time at
! ,b.
i. was, j. was, k. was, I. was,
project? e. Is this your new shirt?
the annniversary party? g. Does
m. were, n. were, o. was, p. was
f. Are there 25 people in your
anyone have any questions?
company? g. Are these paintings
h. W hen do you have your next
from the 16* century? h. Wos
visit at the dentist's? i. Did Jane
this film directed by Spielberg?
have her exam yesterday?
a. This watch isn't very

expensive, b. It wasn't very sunny
j. Does M r Jones have his own
yesterday, c. Tom and Jane
12
weren't in Spain in June. d . I am
a. will be, b. was, c. are, d. was,
not very pleased with my job.
e. is, f. were, g. is, h. has been
e. Jim and Paul aren't High
com pany?
many people in the streets today,
a. hos, b. have, c. have, d. have, a cup of tea, e. have fun, f. Hove

e. has, f. have, g. has, h. has,
a shower, g. have a cigarette,
i. have, . have, k. has, I. has
h. lias (had) difficulty, i. had
a very important conferenc e

i. M r Jones isn't the besl
14
candidate for this position,
a. had, b. has, c. had, d. have,
j. I wasn't very happy to see
e. has, f. hove, g. had. h. had.
d la pocztkujcych zauwnnsowanyrh
l%
on
a. have a parly, b. have breakfast,
13
out of all of us. h. This isn't
:v
17
School students, f. There aren't

g. Billy isn't the most responsible
d.
c. had an accident, d. have
a baby, j. have a look, k. Have

a rest, I. have lunch
v >
>
I'll slay here fo r only one night,

'C
b.does. c. have, d. is,
* w * 8, f . . 9- ho*. h ' did'

iJido't/wos, .has, k. haven't,
<ot
V*
01
!did" V
*S
""" H i,'
t,
^ 155
fiBr.
Oct..
ollen GJrpsj
W
oykt^?
!0h*ij yp
(.doesn't
h. He tried to make an excuse

for his absence, but nobody
drink this milk, it's gone off

I -1 need to look into this motter,
believed him.
I'll coll you bock. g . He didn't

come to the meeting, he just
23
19
a |'m having cable TV installed
cried day and night, e . Don't
made up some stupid excuse
a . co m e a lo n g , b . run out of,
h . Can you see me off at the
c . put o n , d . getting o n , e . broke
station? j. Jim will give you all
tomorrow, b. I had my tooth
into, f. lurn o n, g . turn dow n,
the money back tomorrow, I'll
removed yesterday, c . Julia is
h . did up, i. get you dow n,
see to it. j. How do you get by on
having / is going to have her
j. a re all looking forw ard,
only one salary?
heir cut tomorrow, d . Have you
k . turned up, I. fall out
28
nod the cor repaired? e. We

will have the packages delivered
24
a . going, b. wanting, c. to
omorrow. f. We are having the
a . a , b . b, c . a , d . b, e . a , f. b,
tell, d . to apologise, e. lying,
lawn mowed, g. You should
g . a , h . b, i. b, j. b
f. commuting, g . to buy, h. to
hove your suit cleaned, h . W hen
convince, i. to think, j. delaying,
are you going to have the TV
25
k . to help, I. lo finish, m. cutting
fixed?
a . Little Billy takes after his mum.
/ putting, n. to be, o. listening
b . You have to check out at 12
ortf bfofcei
20
o 'c lo c k , c . I'm sorry I'm late, but
29
5 she go>r1
a. making, b . do, c . makes,
som ething cam e up. d . I hate
a . b, b . a, c . a, d . b, e . b, f. b,
d. mode, e. make, f. make,
co o kin g , I usually eat out.
g . a, h. b, i. b, j. a
timetctfsrc/
g. do, h. do, . makes, j. does,
e.
L W * h i*
b moke, I. do
the b o o k, but he m an ag ed to
30
get a w a y with it. f. P lease don't
1. c, 2 . f, 3. g, 4 . h, 5. e,
21
interrupt m e, I just w ant to go on
7 .a ,
,aaol'r t*
a- OK, b. to make fun, c . d o in g
with my w ork. g . I need to look
ypom? 9 ^
my ib, d. OK, e. make an
it up in a dictio nary, h . I ran into
31
o p tio n , f. OK, g. made an
Bo b at the post office.
a . to inform, b. breaking up,
opointment, h . making any
.T h e factory is taking on 2 0
c . to relax, d . taking, e . to call,
Dfogress, i. OK
new w orkers next m onth, j. Every
f. seeing, g . seeing, h. to pick
month I m an ag e to put aside
up, i. yelling, j.
boss
w e m o n f^
* * * * *
u ho*ii/ 'ai
ho*
nS-v
*22
he police, b . Let's m ake
C ,/e mde quite a profit by
7 . g, 8 . b
0^1
go an d ploy fo o tb a ll,
^--eonst are doing re se a rch

^ Torn m ode
us m,stake an d now he
- *roblems at work g. I d o n 't
fc m ote much tro u b le .
0 have
shopping b. I avoid meeting

my ex-girlfriend, I'm considering
moving to another town. c . I love
r 3 our old house, d . You

e
9 . d, 10. j
a . I hate doing / to do Christm as
26
1. e , 2 . h , 3 . f, 4 . c , 5 . 0 , 6- d ,
ykJ hrst do your hom ework
8. b,
to cook, but my mum doesn't let
27
a . D o up your ja ck e t, it's very
co ld . b. A co lle ag u e invited me
to the c in e m a , but I turned him
down c . Sally q uickly got over
that nasty cold d. When her
boyfriend broke up with her, Betty
me enter the kitchen, d. I can't

wait to go to the mountains / I'm
looking forward 0 going to the
m ountains e. It's no use getting
him a present, he won't buy you
anything after oil. f. He advised
dlo p o c i q r k *fccycK t iuu~onow anych
M icW pj
6. i,
32
my duty and
a r,ner and watch a movie
A&
b* 1
a few pounds
0 ' ^Gve to do
0
Everybody knows he stole
357
M A " *
JZYKA
A N O '
a s the p re vio u s o n e . g. | Qm
me to get 0 diet book fo r my

mother-in-law, but I'm afraid she
II b e furious with me. g. I don t
mind helping him, he can count
on me. h. I would prefer to leave

town during Christm as rather
thon sloy at home and watch TV.
a. the youngest, b . the thinnest,

C. Ihe easiest, d. the oldest,
e . the dirtiest, f. be mosl
presents. - He denied eating the

cake, but everybody knew it was
him.
4. Przymiotnik
1
a. prettier, b. larger, c. more
comfortable, d. happier, e. faster,
h.
th e m o s l
beau tifu l, i. be
highest, j. the m ost difficult,
k. the safest, I. the most boring
co u n try I'v e e ver visited.
10
a . sm a ll b la c k leather bag,
b . a pretty pink woollen scarf,
c . a big n e w m odern house,
d . a lo ve ly sm all golden
6
a. the busiest, b. the longest,
b ra c e le t, e. a com fortable
c. the most dangerous, d. the
a n c ie n t red a rm c h a ir, f. an
oldest, e. the most beautiful, f. the
interesting ro m an tic French
largest, g. the sm allest, h. the most
n o v e l, g . a long old American
popular, i the funniest, j* the tallest
film , h . a big fat black cat
11
a. best, b. m ore tolented, c. the
a . a n o ld R u ssian , b. a modern
worst, d. m ore tirin g , e. the m ost
g la s s , c. a n old A m erican,
f. more patient, g. bigger, h. politer po p u lar, f. better, g . h e a lth ie r,

h. the w orst, i. m ore m o d e rn ,
/ more polite, i. luckier, . wetter,
k. more expensive, I. nicer
h . In d ia is the most beautiful
important, g . be hottest,
i. I promise to clean the whole

flat, if you help me buy a ll the
not a s fit n o w a s I w as before
d . (a) d e lic io u s vegetable,

e . a b la c k silk, f. red Itoiian,
. the most expensive, k. m ore
g . a big p la stic, h . an ancient
careful, I. the most o rig in a l
p o rc e la in
2
a . younger, b. thinner, c. easier,
d. older, e. dirtier, f. more
a. Your house isn't as big
important, g. hotter, h. more
as mine. b. Bob isn't as
beautiful, i. higher, j. more
tall as M ark. c. Fiat isn't
difficult, k. safer, I. m ore boring
as fast as Ferrari, d. A fox
a. happ ily, b. fast, c. well,
isn't as dangerous as a lion,
d . publicly, e. carefu lly, f. noisily,
e. September isn't as cold as
g . d a ily , h . slow / slowly, i. long,
December f. Y ou are not as old
j, h e a v ily
3
a. colder, b. more exciting,
c . more difficult, d. bigger,
e. cheaper, f. heavier, g. more

accurate, h. more popular,
as me. g. Yesterday w asn't as

cold as today, h. Economics isn't
as interesting as politics.
a . straig h t, b . perfectly, c. loud
i. stronger, j. more dangerous
/ lo u d ly , d . b ad ly, e . weekly,
*9
4
a . the prettiest, b. the largest,
5, P rz y s w k i
f. sa d ly , g . terribly, h. early.
Steve is my oldest / eldest son
i. seriously, j. firstly
be is the most responsible o f
c. the most comfortable,
a " m* chi|dren b. W e are not as
f. the most patient, g, ihe
nch os the Browns, c. This is Ihe
a . c a re fu lly , b. happ'ty
biggest, h. the politest / the most

polite, i. the luckiest,
st mteresting book I've ever

read d. The nearest shop wqs
c. su d d e n ly, d . late,
j- the wettest, k. the most expensive.

I. the nicest
mUTCh M * r than w e thought
g . b ra v e ly , h . perfectly, * ^0v 1
d. the happiest,
d l
e. the fastest,
,he same 9e as Jake,

bis hotel isn't Qs co m fo rta b le
' ,0 woniovYonych
e. irre sp o n sib ly , f- shortly,
j. b a d ly , k. n icely, I - ar
K LU C Z D O W IC Z E
10
a. a, b. a, c. b, d . a , e. a, f. b,
a . exhausted, b. wonderful,
g. b, h. b, i. b, j. b
c. stunning, d. sleepy,
.delicious, f. angry, g . angrily,

h. difficult
6. Z a im k i
i o k r e s ln ik i
a. alm ost ready, b. quite
1
a. he / it, b. he, c. you, d. she,
e. they, f. he, g. she, h. she, i. he
expensive, c. usually have,
11
d. rather busy, e. fully-devoted,
a . You seem tired Have you had
f. have never slept, g . salty
a bad day at work?
enough, h. too late
b. You look surprised. I told you
I was going to have my hair cut.
a. her, b. them, c. him, d. them ,
c. This coffee tastes strange.
e. us, f. her, g . him , h . him / her
a. I rarely drink coffee, I prefer
Are you sure the milk was fresh?
/ it, i. you, j. it, k. you, I. them,
tea. b. W ho is that m an over
d. Why is everybody looking
m. us, n. him , o. me
there? c. I usually go to bed
at me strangely? e. You seem
quite early, d. His story is alm ost
sad. Ffave you had a fight with
unbelievable, e. Are you old
your boyfriend? f. Y ou're getting
a . a, b. b, c.
enough to buy cigarettes?
m arried on a tropical island?! It
g . b, h. b, i.
f. Paul plays the piano very w ell.
sounds wonderful! g. I'm getting
g . We are always happy to see
hungry. M aybe we should go for
you. h. Tom has never been in
lunch? h. Be quiet! I'm listening
a . his, b. our, c. their, d. her,
hospital before.
to the news on the radio.
e. our, f. my, g . your, h. her,
/ she / it, j. they, k. he, I. it, m. it,

n. it, o. we
b,
b,
d . a, e.
b,
. a, k. a, I.
f. a,
b
i. our, j. your, k. his, I. its,

m. my, n. your, o. their
12
a . more carefully, b. less,
a . such, b. such, c. so, d. so,
c. beautifully, d. the worst,
e. so, f. such, g. so, h . so
5
a. mine, b. his, c. hers, d. yours,
e. harder, f. more noisily,

g . worse, h. less com fortably
13
e. ours, f. theirs, g . mine,
a . such, b. such, c. so, d. so,
h. hers, i. ours, . hers
e. such, f. so, g. such, h. so,
a. less efficiently, b. beautifully,
i. such, j. so, k. such, I. so
6
a. hers, b. her, c. ours, d. our,
c. unfairly, d. m ore seriously,

e. well, f. quietly, g . less
14
e. mine, f. my, g . theirs, h. their,
enthusistically, h. earlier
a . It was so cold last week that
i. yours, j. your
many people didn t leave their

9
houses at all. b. He left so
a . M ary draws m ore beautifully
quickly, nobody noticed, c. Mark
a. some, b. any, c. any, d. any,
than Kate. b . I work harder
is such a loyal employee and his
e. some, f. any, g . any, h. some,
boss is constantly dissatisfied,
i. any, j. any, k. some, I. some,
d . I was so tired I fell asleep on
m. some, n. any, o. some
than you. c. He is behaving

m ore nervously than me.
d.
The
teacher reocted m ore an grily

than I expected, e. You speak
French m ore fluently than m e
f. This autum n it is raining m ore
heavily than last year. g . I know
better than you. h. W e live
further from the station than you
the bus. o. I did n 't realize it was

so late! I'll miss my bus! f. Such
people shouldn't keep animals at
a. a, b. a, c. b, d. a, e. a, f. b,
hom e. g. Pete is so talented that
g . b, h. b, i. b. j. b
he could be a fam ous nctoi

h. W ith such weather, I d o n 't leel
like getting out of bed.
dlo poczqlkuiqcych i zaawansowanych
359
of tim e, you d o n 't have to hurry.
a. m uch, b . m uch, c. m any,
g. N on e o f M a rk 's friends cam e
d . many, e. many, f. m any,
to pick him up fro m the a irp o rt.
g . m uch, h. many, i. m uch,
h. N o decision has been m ade
j. many, k. m uch, I. m uch,
yet.
20
a. W h o b ro k e his leg? b . W hom
/ W h o d id you m eet in the park?
c. W h ic h dress d o you like the
m ost? d . W h o m / W h o did you
invite to the w e d d in g ? e. W ho
m. many, n. many
17
sho uld I o sk fo r help w ith my
10
a. some, b. anything, c. you,
French? f. W h o is responsible
a . m any, b . m uch, c. m uch,
d. anybody / anyone, e. somebody
fo r research a n d d e ve lo p m e n t in
d . many, e. m uch, f. m any,
/ someone, f. some, g. anything,
y o u r c o m p a n y ? g . W h o ate my
g . m any, h. m uch, i. m any,
h. anyone, i. everything, j. anybody
c h o c o la te cake ? h. W hose car is
j. much
/ anyone / som ebody / someone
b lo c k in g th e gate?
11
*18
21
a. a, b . b, c. b, d . a, e. a , f. b,
a . They say that it rs easier to
a . eith er, b . b o th , c. neither,
g. a, h. b, i. a, j. b
learn a foreign la n g u a g e w hen
d . n e ith e r, e . b o th , f. either,
you live a b ro a d , b . Everything
g . n e ith e r, h . n e ither
12
changed after his re turn from
a . few, b . little, c. few, d . a little,
A m erica, c. This jo b do esn't
22
e. little, f. a few, g . little, h . few,
require any special q u a lifica tio n s.
a . b, b . a , c. b, d . a , e. b, f. a,
i. a little, j. little
Anyone can ap ply, d . I needed
g . a , h. b
help, but he did n o th in g .
13
e. N o one understands the
23
a. a, b. a, c. a, d . b, e. b, f. b,
d ifficult situation I a m in.
a . N e ith e r m y m u m , n o r my dad
9- b
f. Anyone w ho has visited Indio
knew that my b ro th e r had lost
at least once, know s it's an
his jo b , b . W e w ill e ith e r g o to
14
am azing country, g . You lo o k
the c in e m a , o r invite friends over
a. every, b. each, c. every,
sad. Has anything ha ppe ned ?
a n d w a tch som e DVDs,
d. each, e. every, f. each, g . each
h. S om ebody has left a p a ckage
c. Both M a ry a n d her fianc
fo r you, but no one knows w ho
Tom d o n 't w a n t a big w edding
it was.
re c e p tio n , d . I have neither
15
a. b, b . b, c. a, d . b, e. a, f. a,
a ca r, n o r a d riv in g licence.
19
e. Y ou w ill e ith e r acce pt this
a. W h o is w ashing the dishes?
#16
p ro m o tio n , o r resign.
b . W hat d id you buy? c. W hat
f. M y sister studies both Biology
a. All o f my friends like to spend
are you lo o kin g for? d. W hose
a n d C hem istry.
their time in an active way.
car is it? e. W hom sho uld we
b. I had to take a taxi, because
invite? f. W h o w ill h e lp you
24
there was no bus. c. M o re an d
prepare the party? g . W h o told
a . each o th e r / on e another,
m ore people are spending their
you my secret? h. W h ic h suitcase
holidays a t the Polish seaside
b . each o th e r / on e another,
is yours?
instead of g o ing ab ro a d .
prefer? j. W h o m / W h o d id you
d. W e have received several
speak to? / To w h o m d id you

speak?
g. b, h. b, i. a, j. b
interesting offers fro m ou r

business partners, e. W e d o n 't
have enough m oney to pay o il
ou r loan now. f. W e have plenty
360
i.
W h ich dress d o you
c. myself, d . yourself,
o. yourselves, f. him self, g . itself/
h. ourselves
25
a . b, b . o , c. b, d . a, e. b, f. a#
g a , h. b
d lo p o a q tk u jq c y c h *a g w a n *o w n y c h
K L U C Z D O W IC Z E
26
14
a. this, that, b. these, c. this,
a . till, b. after, c. until, d . before,
a . o n , b . to, c . to, d . to, e . (-) /
d. this, e. those, f. these, g . this,
e. during / by, f. by, g . before, h. a t, f. o n , g. to, h. at, i. to, j. in,

from , till, i. while, j. by,
k. to, I. to, m . (-), to, to, a t, n. to
k. before, I. from, till
h.
those, i. these, j. that, k . that,
I. these
15
27
a . to, b . at, c. to , d . (-), e . at,
a. Excuse me, is this seat t a k e n ?
a. at, in, b. from, c. by, d . during,
f. at, g. o n , h. to, i. to, in, j. in,
b. That restaurant we went to
e. while, f. before / after, g. till /
k .t o , I. on, to, m . o n , n. at
was very expensive, c. W hich
at, h. since, i. after, j. on, since,
shoes do you like more? These
k. in, I. in, m. for, (-), n. from,
16
o r those? d. Such bravery should
o. after, p. before, q. from, r. at,
a . betw een, b . in sid e , c . next to,
be rewarded, e. Such a w om an
s. in, at, t. in
d . a m o n g , e . ag ain st, f. aro u n d ,
is a treasure, f. Does this red ca r
g. above, h. behind
belong to you? g. W ho is that
w om an in the photo? h. I can't
a . a, b. b, c. a, d . b, e. a, f. b,
17
w ear this dress! I look fat.
g. a, h. b, i. a, j. b, k. a, I. a,
a . b, b . a , c . a , d . a , e . b, f. a ,
m. a, n. b
g. b, h. a
18
P rzyi m k i
a. O K , b. by / before
6 p.m .,
a . off, b . a lo n g , c . acro ss,
c. in the end, d. every m onth,
d . a ro u n d , e . to w ard s, f. out of,
a . at, b . on, c. on, d. in, e. at,
e. at the age, f. O K , g. month
g. through, h. post
f. in, g . at, h. at, i. on, j. at
from now, h. since I was five,
19
i. at the very end, j. O K
a . Stop w alking a ro u n d the
a . o n , b. at, c. in, d. at, e. in,
10
ro o m , sit d ow n, let's talk.
f. at, g . on , h. at, i. in
a. on, b. at, c. in, d. on, e. at,
b . G o a cro ss the street and
f. in, g . in, h. on, i. at, j. at, k. in,
tow ards the ch u rch . G o past the
I. on
b an k a n d the ca sh m ach in e is
just round the co rn e r, c . Tom
a. a, b. b, c. b, d. a, e. b, f. a,
g. a, h. b, i. b, j. a, k. b, I. a,
11
has just returned from a round-
m. b, o. a
a. in, b. at, c. at, d. on, e. at, f. in,
the-world trip. d . The cat jum ped
g. at, h. on, i. in, j. on, k. on, I. in
on(to) the ta b le , a te my ca k e and

jum ped down on the floor a g a in .
4
a. since, b. for, c. for, d . for,
12
e . W hen I heard the scream ing
e. since, f. since, g . for, h. for,
a. at, on, b. on, c. in, in, d. at,
I ran upstairs, f. I'll be on time
i. since, j. since, k. for, I. since,
e. at, f. on, g. on, on, h. at, in,
if I m a n ag e to d rive through the
m. since, n. for
i. at, at, on, j. at, k. in, I. on, on,
traffic quickly, g . G e t out of my
m. for, at / on, n. in, o. at, p. in,
ca r! h. Let's take the kids outside
they can play in the g ard en .
in, in
a. for, b. since, c. for, d. since,

e. since, f. since, g. for, h. for,
13
20
i. for, j. for, k. since, I. for
a . a, b. b, c. a, d . b, e . a, f. b,
a. by, b. on, c. by, by, d. by, e. on,
g . a, h. b, i. a, j. b
f. on, g . by, h. by, i. on, j. by
.Jiv.
i zaaw ansow anych
361
W I E L K A U K m i i'- *<** *
about him - he's a lia rl f. Bill
21
a . by underground, b . by
accident, c. by hand, d . by
electronic post, e. by seo, f. by
myself, g. by train, h. by the
chairman
is
in c a p a b le
(isn't capable) of
hurting anyone, g . This tow n is

fam ous fo r its b e autiful palace
and wine cellars h. Mary is
always eager to help.
a . th ird , b . seventh, c. twelfth,

d . tw enty second, e. forty ninth,
f. fifty first, g . eighty sixth,
h. o n e h u n d re d and eleventh,
i. o n e h u ndred an d thirty fifth,
j. tw o hu ndred and seventy third.
c-
rflW. ^
k . six h u n d re d a n d twenty first,
22
8. Liczebniki
I. tho usa ndth
a. twelve, b. fifteen, c. twenty-nine,
a . the second o f February
23
d. forty-one, e. fifty-six, f. ninety-
nineteen eighty one, b. the first
a. b, b. a, c. b, d. b, e. a, f. b,
seven, g .a hundred, h .o n e
o f M ay eighteen forty two, c. the
g. b, h. a, i. b, j. a, k. b, I. b
hundred and eight, i. one hundred
twenty third o f O c to b e r nineteen
and thirteen, j. one hundred and
sixteen, d . the thirty first of
24
eighty-five, k. three hundred and
D e ce m be r eighteen forty eight,
a. into, b. from, c. from, into,
twenty, I. five hundred and seventy-
e. the fifteenth o f September two
d .o n , e. about, f. of, g. to, h. for,
six, m. six hundred and eleven,
th o u sa n d an d ten, f. the twenty
i. at, j. in, k. about, I. of, m. with,
n. nine hundred and ninety-nine,
fifth o f A p ril eighteen hundred,
n. to
o.one thousand and forty-four,
g . the first o f January two
p. one thousand three hundred and
tho usa nd, h. the seventeenth of
fifteen
M a rc h tw o thousand and nine
a. tw o hundred an d eleven,
26
a . eighty-six, b. the fifth, c. the
b. one hundred an d fo u r,
first, d . twelve, e . the second,
a. of, b. in, c. at, d. to, e. for,
c. three hundred and fo rty-n in e ,
f. the twenty second of May
d. 6 0 8 , e. 4 9 3 , f. tw o th o u sa n d
nineteen seventy-two, g. eighty-
seven hundred,
o n e , tw enty-three, h. twenty-five
a. with, b . in, c. in, d. to, e. to,

f. for, g. of, h. for, i. for, to, j. to,
k. to, I. of
25
:>
a. b, b. a, c. a, d. b, e. b, f. b,
g. a , h. b, i. a, j. b
f. with, g. on, h. of, i. for, j. with,

k. to, I. of
g . 4 5 0 ,7 0 6 , h. thirty five
27
thousand seven hundred a n d
a. for, b. about, c. in, d. for, e. to,

f. on / about, g. with, h. at, i. of,
j* of, k. with, I. to
28
a. I'm addicted to chocolate.
eighty-six, i. 3 0 0 ,4 7 2 , j. 1 ,7 6 0 ,
a.
k. thirteen thousand seven
sub tracted from eighty-five
hundred and seventy-nine,
m akes forty-five, b . thirteen plus
I. seventy-three thousand, five
seventeen makes thirty, c. six
hundred and one
in to fifty-four / fifty-four divided
eig hty-five m inus forty / forty
b. M y mum doesn't dress very
by six m akes rune, d . four times
fashionably because she's too
/ m u ltip lie d by eig ht makes thirtya . twenty live, b . twenty, three,
tw o, e. six squared equals thirty
twenty-three, c. sixty-three, d . six,
six, f. fifteen times / multiplied
e. forty-nine, f. nineteen eig hly,
by three makes forty five, g- f've
was jealous o f my success
g . two pounds, twenty, h. o n e
Into fifty / fifty divided by five
and that's why we d o n 't talk
hundred and seventy live
attached to her old clothes

c. I rn bored with this concert,
let's g o home d. My best (hand
anymore, e. You were right
equals ten, h. sixty minus cght '

eight subtracted from sixty mok*5
fifty-tw o
362
d l P " " ku'<.cych , zaaw ansowanych
? tryb
a. I hove told you a hundred
a. G o to your ro o m l b. Turn
a. M ary doesn't like French
limes I'm not g o in g to this party!
off the TV! c. Let him help in
movies, b. I d o n 't drink coffee
b. Tom's birthday is on the
the garden! d . Let them d o the
every m orning c. Jim doesn't
twenty fourth o f D ecem ber so he
shopping for grandm a! e. Let me
read five books a m onth d . M y
gets twice as m any presents as
help you with Ihis heavy suitcase!
grandm other doesn't g o to church
anybody else. c. W e g o t tickets
f. Let's clean the flat! g. W ash
every Sunday, e. I d o n 't live on the
in the first row, so we cou ld see
ihe dishes! h. Let her d o the
second floor, f. W e d o n 't usually
the stage perfectly, d . M r Brown
hom ework! i. D on't drive so fast!
watch TV in the evening, g. I d o n 't
lost hundreds o f d o lla rs at the
j. Let the children wash their hands
eat a lot o f sweets, h. W e d o n 't
casino, e. This dress costs twelve
and com e to the kitchen.
want to g o to Spain next summer,

i. Paul doesn't listen to classical
pounds and fifty pence, f. I am

reading the second vo lu m e o f
music, j. M y brother doesn't play
the novel you recom m ended.
a . talk, b . stop, c. g o o u t, d . put
the g u ita r very w ell. k. W e d o n 't
g. I g o t up at five o 'c lo c k in the
on , e. m ake, f. have, g . forget,
have a beautiful house by the
m orning to queue fo r tickets fo r
h. be, i. g o , j. send, k. tell,
lake. I. They d o n 't play tennis
the U 2 con cert and fortunately
I. marry
every weekend.
Forrester earns so m uch m oney,
that he gives one third to charity,
a . G o to you r ro om a n d d o your
a. Does Lucy g o to High School?
i. I have been to India twice -
h om ew ork! b . Shut up! c. D o n 't
b. Do you like Italian food? c. Does
the first time I visited the north
tell me w hat to d o ! d . Let's have
he d o a lot o f sports? d . D o they
of the country, the second - the
a surprise party fo r Kate! e. Let's
live in a big house? e. Does this
south coast, j. I will tell you only
get her a puppy fo r birthday!
suitcase belong to Jim? f. Does
once what to do. I w ill not repeat
f. Stop behaving like a c h ild !
your mother w ork in a hospital?
myself.
g. D o n 't lie to me! h. D o n 't let
g. Does it often rain here? h. Does
her treat you like a c h ild ! i. Let
Bob like to listen to music? i. Does
them g o hom e! j. Let's no t go
your grandfather w ear glasses?
there! k. I am to w ait fo r Tom at
j. Do you like to read? k. D o they
the bus stop. I. W e are to finish
often go to the opera? I. Does he
this project by Friday.
think it's a go od idea?
I was fourth from the front, h. M r
9. T ryb ro z k a z u jq c y
1
a . C a ll you r m other! b . G o to
the d o ctor! c. Let M a rk d o the
sho ppin g! d . Let's take a few
10. C zasy
days o ff from w ork! e. Drive
a. Where, b. W hy, c. W h y /W h e n ,
d. W hen, e. W h o , f. W hat,
carefully! f. G o to bed early! g .
g. W here, h .W h o , i.W h a t, j.W h a t
Let Betty take the do g fo r a w alk.
a. plays, b . drive, c. smokes,
time
h. Be quiet! . D o n 't listen to
d. speaks, e. live, f. w atches,
lo u d music, j. D o n 't be so rude!
g. get up, take, have, works,
k. Let's not g o to the seaside,
gets up, h. buys, i. does, goes,
a . W h o d o you live w ith?
let's g o to the m ountains.
j. boils, k. studies, I. costs,
b . W h a t tim e does the train
I. D o n 't let him behave like this
m. hate, n. likes, loves,
leave? c. W h a t d o you think?
o . m akes, p . blossom
d. W here do es Tom w ork?

e. H ow often d o you g o to the
cinem a? f. W h e re d o you w ant
to g o one day? g . W hen d o you
w ork h. The c lim a te is changing,
usually clean the Hot? h. W here
does mum buy fresh fruit (from)?
a . Are the children playing
i. W hat time d o you usually have

dinner? j. W hat do you d o in
Scrabble? b. Are you ha ving

a cup o f cofleo? c. Is Tom
w ashing the dishes? d . A ic your
yo u r free time?
friends o rgan isin g a p a rty for
because p e o p le are not

p ro te c tin g the e n v iro n m e n t.
12
a . goes, is n o t (isn't) g o in g ,
b . gets up , is g e ttin g up , is
M ary? e. Is the un em ploym ent
a. H ow often do you visit your
rate falling ? f. Are you ha ving
grandm other? b. Bananas d o n 't
a showei al the m om ent? g . Are
grow in Poland, c. M y mum
the students w riting an exam ?
teaches English at High School.
h. Is your m um ba king a cake?
d. M y dad doesn't work in
i. Are you flying to Rome ori
c o o k in g , sm ells, i. is w a itin g ,
a bank, he has his own com pany.
business? \. Are they b u ild in g
j. m a ke, k. th in k , I. a m ('m )
e. Henry very rarely goes to
a new stadium in W arsaw ? k. Are
w o rk in g , m . visit, n. am g o ing
the dentist, f. Juan comes from
you / Are we w a iting fo r your /
o u t, o . spends, w atch es, eats,
M exico, g . Every day I gel up
o u r friends? I. Is o u r co m p a n y
sleeps, p . a re g e ttin g
at
6 and
my brother sleeps until
g o in g , c. ra in s , d . are always
in te rru p tin g , e . are sleeping,
f. sm okes,
is try in g , g . are not
(aren't) lis te n in g , h . a re you
op enin g a new branch in Leeds?
13
10. h. D o you think Jane is nice?

i. H ow many languages do you
10
a . b, b . b , c. a , d . b, e . b, f. a,
speak? j. The O lym p ic G am es
a . W h o is w o rkin g in the
g . a, h. a , i. o , j. a
take place every four years.
garden? b . W here are you g o in g

for your holidays? c. W h a t is
14
Tom reading? d . W hy is Betty
a . O K , b . n e e d , c. w a n t, d . OK,
a. is sleeping, is reading,
crying? e. W h a t are you d o in g
e. D o you re m e m b e r, f. O K ,
b.
at the m om ent? f. W hy is Tom
g . is th in k in g , h. m eans
am studying, c. is getting,
d. om trying, e. is sm iling,
he lping you with your M aths?
f. is running, am watching, e a ting,
g . W h o is constantly ta lk in g on
*15
g . are travelling, h. is d o in g ,
the phone? h. W hen is Sally
a . leads, b . gets up, c. goes, d. is,
is p lo yin g , j. are cha ngin g,
babysitting you r / o u r son?
e. shuffles, f. m eets, g . has, h. ore
i. W h o is Tom w a ilin g for?
no! (aren't) g e tting / d o not (don't)
I. is m aking, m, are enjoying,
j. W hat is takin g place a t the
get, i. thinks, j. soys, k. doesn't
n. a m g o in g , o . are m eeting,
town hall?
like, I. cooks, wears, m. makes,
j. are le a rning ,
k.
am lo o kin g ,
p. a re w orking
n. is g o in g , o . is visiting, p . lias,
*11
q. is pla yin g, r. is w atching,
a . W hat is lha l noise? W h a t
s. is b u ild in g
a . is no t (isn't) w orkin g, b . am
is h a ppe ning ? b . W hy is Kate
not th in k in g , c. are not (aren't)
crying m her ro o m ? c. W e
h a vin g , d . is not (isn't) starting,
are not g o in g to the
e. are not (aren't) g o in g , f. is
to m o rro w , because Jim is sick
not (isn't) sleeping, g. is not
d . D ad is c le a n in g up th e fla t,
(isn't) listening, h. are not (aren't)
because g ra n d m a is c o m in g
p lo y in g , i. is not (isn't) ra in in g ,
to m o rro w ,
j. is n o t (isn't) w atching,
k.
are
not (aren't) g o in g , I are riot

(aren't) studying
e.
cinema
Turn the m usic
off. I am w o rkin g o n m y projec t

f. rhfc p h o n e is rin g in g . C a n you
pick it up? I am having a shower
g
Tom is alw ays a rriv in g late at
16
a . I suspoci T o m ate / has
e a te n m y p ie c e o l ca k e b
m e e tin g a frie n d
S chool to m o rro w
I am
from H igh
c. I think
it a a g o o d id tra I a g re e ! l ot'**
g o to I rane e, d . D o you want
s o m e th in g to d rin k ? / W o u ld
you liko io m o th in g to drink?
I'm m a k in g ten e. I d o n 't m ind
I------------
364
dla pot/<jtkw|q<ych I /oowrjnio*<T |,
jC\ i.TV.AflO
K L U C Z D O W IC ZE
going shopping with you.

f.
I believe you are an honest
person, g . M y English is
im proving. I enjoy g o in g to
my English course very much,
h.
right after school, i. I d id n 't clean
24
the windows and d id n 't tidy
g ave, took, w o re , left, brought,
my room last weekend, j. The
begun, found, grew , drove,
students w eren't w ell-prepared

for the exam.
saw , m ad e , s a id , knew, thought,

chose
I always listen to the news in
the m orning, i. I am standing
21
on a hill and a d m irin g the view.
a . Did the plane crash just
I adore this place, j. I adm ire
a . In the past A nn used to have
before landing? b. Did you
a dog N ow sh e has a cat.
and respect people w ho devote
speak to the m anager about
b. In the past A nn used to go
their time to helping others.
your project? c. Did M ary lose
out a lot with friend s. N ow she
her favourite ring? d . Did M r
17
prefers to stay at hom e. c . In the
Brown travel around the world
past Ann didn't use to read a lot
a . wanted, b. played, c. liked,
when he was young? e. Did you
of bo oks. N ow she reads a lot of
d.
meet Bob's new girlfriend last
bo o ks, d. In the past Ann used
f. washed, prepared, g. walked,
week? f. Did everybody laugh
to hitchhike. N o w she travels
h. lived, i. tried, j. studied,
at Billy's jokes? g . Did Tom give
by train an d p la n e , e . In the
k. stopped, I. cleaned, m. danced,
you a bunch of beautiful flowers?
past Ann used to eat a lot of
n. looked, noticed, happened,
h. Did it rain all night? i. Did
fast food. N ow she eats healthy
o . stayed, p. needed
your ne ighbour's dog bite you?
o rg a n ic fo o d . f. In the past Ann
j. Did Jim apologise fo r his rude
used to c h a n g e jobs a lot. N ow
behaviour?
she h as h e r ow n co m p a n y.
finished,
e. watched,
listened,
25
a , ate, felt, b, stole, left, c. drank,
g . In the past Ann used to have
22
long curly h air. N ow she has
g. taught, h. spent, i. cost,
a. W hy did Tom open the
short straight h a ir. h. In the past
j. understood, k. knew, I. w ore,
window? b. W hat time did the
Ann didn't use to d o an y sports.
m . flew, n. took
film start? / When did the film
N o w she goes jogging every day
d . w on, e. bought,
f. fell,
broke,
start? c. Where did you meet
19
Sue? d . W hat did you have for
26
0. was, b. were, c. was, d. was,
breakfast? e. W hat did you read?
a . used to play,
e.
f. How often did you g o skating
to have, c. used to take, d. used
when you were a child? g . What
to spend, e. used to write, f. used
time did Bill wake up yesterday?
to eat, g. used to travel, h. used
h. W ho stole your wallet on the
to read, i. Did M ary use to be,
20
market? i. W here did you put the
j. didn't use to like
a. M y g ra n d m a d id n 't w ork as
documents? j. W ho repaired your
a nurse fo r over thirty years.
bike? k. W hat did you write?
27
b. I d id n 't hear ab o u t the
I. W hat did you forget about?
a. was w alking, b. was doing,
were, f. was, g . w asn't, h. was,
1. w asn't,
j. were,
k.
were,
I. were, was
b.
Did you use
c. was still sleeping, d . were
a ccid e n t, c. I w asn't happy to

see Jim. d . W e d id n 't watch
23
preparing, e. w ere having,
W o o d y A lle n 's new film last
a . moved, b. spent, c. perlorm ed,
f. was snow ing, g . was doing,
week, e I d id n 't hove a show er
d. m ade, e. studied, f. graduated,
h. were studying, i. was having,
b e fo re breakfast, f. I d id n t find
g. got, h. left, i. lived, j. directed,
was reading, j. were ploying
a w a lle t on the bus g . Jim d id n I
k. received
invite me to his birthda y party,

h. lo rn d id n 't d o his ho m ew o rk
(tlo D oczglkuiqcych . .atiwanswuriyeh
365
g.
28
had, arrived,
a . Jim w asn't listening to music
singing,
a ll evening. W as Jim listening to
setting / set, was sitting, i. was
m usic a ll evening?
looking, ate, j. broke, was skiing,
b. O n M o n d a y m o rning ,
k. was always asking, I. stole, was
m um w asn 't cle a n in g the flat.
doing, m. were w alking, met,
W as m um clea ning the flat on
n. dusted, hoovered, cleaned,
M o n d a y m o rn in g ? c. At 9 p .m .,
0. were queuing, announced,
Lisa w asn't having a relaxing
p. was getting, returned.
h.
was shining, were
could lend me som e money.

e. Jim was alw ays trying to
was preparing, was
convince m e he was a better

driver than me. f. I was hanging
up the de cora tions an d M ary
was preparing the snacks - Jim's
birthday party w as alm ost ready
g . W hile I was surfing the Internet,
I found an interesting site with tips
fo r photographers, h. W here were
b a th. W as Lisa having a relaxing
you on W ednesday a t 3 p.m . and
bath a t 9 p .m .? d . O n Sunday
31
m o rn in g , Tom w a sn 't riding
1 . b , 2 . d , 3 . f , 4 . g, 5 . a ,
a bike. W as Tom riding
7 . e,
6.
h,
w hat were you doing?
8. c
35
a bike on Sunday m orning?

e . A t 1 o 'c lo c k , I w asn 't having
32
a . have ne ve r p la y e d , b . have
lunch with my boss. W ere you
a. M y friends were w a itin g fo r me
lived, c. h a ve trie d , d . has never
/ W as I having lunch with your
when I arrived at the club .
stayed, e . h a v e a lre a d y w alked ,
/ m y boss at 1 o 'c lo c k ? f. This
b. W hy was Jenny crying du ring
f. have n o tic e d , g . ha ve always
tim e last year Betty w asn't lying
the film ? c. W as it ra in in g w hen
w a n te d , h . has just fin ish e d ,
on the beach. W as Betty lying
you w ent out? d . W h a t were
i. has a lre a d y c le a n e d , j. have
on the beach this tim e last
Jim and Bob d o in g yesterday
ne ve r lis te n e d , k. have just
year? g . I w a sn 't w orkin g when
evening? e. I was still p re p a rin g
w a tc h e d , I. ha s ne ve r d a n c e d
Jane arrived. W ere you / W as
the stew w hen the guests a rriv e d ,
I w o rkin g w hen Jane arrived?
f. As we w ere having a cu p o f
36
h. At 9 p .m ., I w asn 't cleaning up
coffee the postm an c a m e . g . The
a . have k n o w n , b . have a lre ad y
a fte r the party. W ere you / W as
lights w ent ou t w hen w e w ere
d o n e , c. have seen, d . have
I c le a n in g up a fte r the party at 9
w atch ing a film on TV. h . Just os
a lre a d y e a te n , e . has w on ,
p .m .?
I was crossing the street, I saw
f. have spe nt, g . have bu rn t,
Bob w ith his new g irlfrie n d .
h. has fo rg o tte n , i. ha ve never
29
w o rn , j. has ta k e n , k. have
a . W here was the cat sleeping?
33
b . W hy was m um yelling a t you?
a . was, b . was, c. was
c. W h a t was Tom d o ing
p re p a rin g , d . was fry in g , e.
37
yesterday at 5 p.m .? d . W h o
ra ng, f. w ent, g . was w a tc h in g ,
a. M a rk h a s n 't fo u n d the keys.
was singing when you arrived a t
h. saw, i. ran, j. was h a p p e n in g ,
b . I h a v e n 't e a te n a n yth in g yet.
the concert? e W h a t w ere Bob
k. was trying, I. b u rn t, m . saw,
c. W e h a v e n 't o rd e re d yet. d . The
an d Jake la u g h in g at? f. W hy
n. c a lle d , o . w ere w o rk in g ,
w ere your parents cle a n in g the
p. arrived.
d ru n k , I. has sto le n
ha sn't c o m e to s ch o o l today
flat? g. W hy was Sally behaving

so strongely? h. W hat were you
34
lo o k in g fo r a ll evening?
a. W hen I was wailing fo r him,

it started to ram / raining. It was
30
getting cold and the w ind was
a . was raining, went, b. were you
blowing
doing, c. broke, was playing,
whole day yesterday, c. Just as
d . was Jenny crying, e. was
we were talking about you, you
walking, saw, f. were having /
called me. d. I was hoping you
b.
guests h a v e n 't a rrive d yet e. Bill
I was w orking fo r the
f.
W e h a v e n 't seen Jerry lately
g.
Y ou h a v e n 't tried my apple
pie h . I h a v e n 't spoken to my

new n e ig h b o u rs so far. i. My
friends h a v e n 't taken the ir exams
yet. j. B ob h a s n 't finished his
project.
38
43
a What have you had for
a. Have you ever been, b. Has
lunch? b. W hat has John told
lo rn ever tried, c. have never
you about? c. Has it rained
trusted, d. have never let, e. has
47
a lot lately? d . Has Tom tried
never liked, f. Has it ever rained,
O dpow iedzi wfasne
paragliding before? e. W h o
g. Have you ever lost, h. Have
has redecorated the house?
you ever met, i. has never been
48
f.
m arried, j. have never seen
a . Bob has washed his car.
Has Bill just had a cup o f
coffee?
g. H ow
1.1 hove never met such
long have you
a rude
person.
b. I have lost m y glasses.
lived here? h. W ho has never
44
c. I have cut my finger.
eaten caviar? i. Have you read
a. always, b. before, c. it's the
d. Someone has stolen my bike.
the newspaper this m orning?
first time, d . now, e. so far, f. this
e. The com puter has broken
j. Where have you been?
year, g . lately, h. this m onth
down.
f.
Malysz has w on a gold
m edal, g . It has stopped raining,

39
45
a . for, b. since, c. since, d . fo r,
a . W e have had m any problems
e. since,
f.
since,
g.
for,
h.
h. I have eaten a sandwich.
49
since, with ou r teenage son lately.
i. since, j. for, k. for, I. since,
b . I have worked harder than
a . have already had, b. haven't
m. lor, n. for
usual this m onth, c. Iceland is
done them yet, c. has just left,
the most beautiful place I have
d . haven't invested in his
40
seen so far. d. Have you ever
business yet, e. has just phoned,
a. for, b. since, c. for, d . since,
thought about m oving to another
f. have already booked,
e. for, f. for, g. since, h. since,
country? e. It's the first time
g . haven't finished the project
I have eaten shrimps
yet, H. hasn't arrived yet, i. have
f. I haven't tried w indsurfing
just heard, j. have already seen,
before but I've heard it is fun.
k. Have you already to ld , I. have
a. for, b. for, c. since, d . since,
g . M y mum has always been very
you already w alked, haven't
e. for, f. for, g. since, h. since
strict with us. h. O u r business
done it yet.
T T
has been very successful up till
*50
now.
42
a . I have just had dinner.
a . I've known Jim fo r 5 years.

I've known Jim since 2 0 0 5 .
46
b.
b . Betty and Paul have been
a . Have you ever swum in the
c. I haven't seen this film yet.
ocean? b. I haven't seen this
d . I haven't received an
Paul have been m arried since
film so far. c. I haven't read any
invitation fro m Jane yet. e. I hove
O ctober, c. I haven't eaten fo r
good books lately (recently).
already talked to my sister.
6 hours. I haven't eaten since

8 o 'c lo c k d . Tom has lived
d. I have never been to Honolulu.
f. I haven't d o n e the shopping
e. Unemployment has risen this
yet. g . Tom has just phoned.
in Prague since January. Tom
year f. The number o f tourists in
h. It has just stopped raining.
has lived in Prague fo r over
Poland has doubled since May
i. I have already been to Paris,
2007. g. I Have known my best
j. I have already written a letter
grandm other since Christm as
friend since High School days.
to gra n d m a , k. I ha ven't sold my
I haven't visited my gran d m o th e r
h. It's the first lime I hove met my
old car yet. I. The lesson has |ust
boyfriend's parents, i. I have learnt
started, m. I have already given
here for 2 hours. David has been
a lot of new words lately, j. I have
you the m oney back. n. I have
here since 5 o 'clo ck.
had a lot of problems this week.
already talked to Jane about the
k. Have you ever lied to your mum?
holidays.
m arried for
a m onth
for
8 months.
e. I haven't
6 months,
Betty and
visited my
f. D avid has been
wWwv.joxyklbbcii.pl
I have already read this book.
d la p o c z q lku iq cych zoaw ansow anych
367
59
55
51
A . have just g o ne , d id they go ,
a . have burnt, b. have known,

c. hos lived / has been living,
d . lost, e. have you invited,
f. O K , g. have you seen, h. O K ,
i. graduated, j. O K
went, have never heard, B. have

you known, have know n, d id you
meet, met, C . have you re a d ,
have |ust finished, d id you like,
have you ever read, D . has h a d ,
read, b. have been repairing,

c. have you visited, d. have
been w o n d e rin g , e. has finished,
f. have been studying, g . have
been trying, have saved, h. has
been w o rk in g , i, have lost,
happened, fell, broke, w ent
52
a . have been re a d in g , have
have been lo o k in g , j. has been
a . Jason moved to Australia tv/o

years ag o. b. I have worked as
a nurse since 2001
c. Bob hos
bought a new car recently, d. M y

grandparents met in Paris over
snow ing, k. have you been
56
le a rning , I. have you been
a. has been raining, b . has
sm oking
been w orking, c. have been

studying, d . have been p la y in g ,
50 years ago. e. Betty broke her
e. has been sitting, f. have
60
leg o n a skiing trip last month,
been learning, g. have been
a . have been th in k in g , b . O K .,
f. I have lost my wallet and all
shopping, h. have been looking,
c* has been re a d in g , d. has J.K.
my documents for a second time
i. has been c o o kin g , j. has been
R ow ling w ritte n , e . O K ., f. have
this m onth, g . When was the
talking
been tra v e llin g , g . have known,

h. have been w o rk in g
telephone invented? h. I have

never been to a rock concert
57
before.
a . It hasn t been snow ing all
61
night, b . W e haven't been
A : has been p la y in g , has won,
53
partying all weekend, c. D a d
has alw ays w a n te d , has been
a. How long hove you known
hasn't been m ow ing the la w n all
p ra c tis in g , has ne ve r missed, has
Jim? b. How long have you been
afternoon, d. Betty hasn't been
just re tu rn e d , has been playing
best friends? c. When did you
w riting a diary all her life. e . The
B: w o rk e d , has liv e d , has been
meet? d. When did you go on
council hasn't been d e b a tin g
liv in g , has just re tu rn e d , has
a round-the-world trip? e .H o w
since 12 o'clo ck, f. Tom h a sn 't
been d o in g
long have Jim and Caroline
been reading for three hours,
beer married? f. W hen was
g. We haven't been d e c o ra tin g
62
Jim's daughter bom? g. When
the tree all evening, h. W e
did Jim move to a new house?
a . ha d p re p a re d , b . had done,
haven't been w aiting fo r T o m fo r
h. How long have you / we been
c. ha d a lre a d y b e g u n , d. had
over half an hour.
p a c k e d , e . ha d c a lle d ,
neighbours?
heard, c. hos stolen, left,
d.
h. had d is c o v e re d , i. had seen,
a . W hy have you been w a itin g
Q. arrested, b. have you ever

returned, had, lay, heard,
e. have never been, f. forgot,

g finished,
h.
have you already
been, i. have you been,

j. has worked,
k.
haven't eaten,
I. hasn't been, went
had
never b e e n , g . h a d n 't been,
58
54
f.
so long b. Hove you been
j. h a d de stroye d, k. had broken

d o w n . I. ha d lost
learning Sponish long? c. H ow

long have you been sleeping?
d. Have M ary and Paul been
dancing 0 || night? e . W h o hos
been singing ,n the sho w ?
f.
Has
" boen 9e," " g w arm er lately?

9 ' How lon9 have you been
playing tennis? h. W hat has Tom
been d o ing all afternoon?
63
a. W h e n
w e a rriv e d ot the
c in e m a , the film h a d already

b e gun , b . W h e n Tom returned
h o m e , a ll the guests had arrived
c. A fter we ha d m a d e a list of
guests, we sent o u t the wedding
in vita tions, d . I h a d taken some
368
<ila poc,tku|qcyCh , oowaniowanych
gone,
medication before I went to
c. Solly had been crying, d . It had
71
the doctor, e. I had cleaned
been raining all night, e. Tom
a. It w ont snow this week. W ill it
the whole flat before grandm a
had been fighting with the other
snow this week? b . These students
arrived, f. Before I went to the
boys. f. I had been studying for
w on't take an exam tomorrow.
disco, I had asked my parents'
months, g . Someone had been
W ill these students take an exam
permission, g . Tom was late
using the fork. h. Somebody had
tomorrow? c. You w o n 't help
because his car had broken
been smoking, i. My grandad
grandm a in the garden. W ill you
down h. Before I qu it my job,
had been working in a factory for
help grandm a in the garden?
I had asked John fo r advice.
3 0 years, j. Somebody had been
d. Tim w on't bring us the money
reading the letter.
tom orrow. W ill Tim bring us the
64
money tomorrow? e. Suzy w on't
68
start her new job o n Monday.
a . were, saw, had you been
W ill Suzy start her new job on
w orking, b. was, had been
Monday?
65
studying, (had) overslept, c. had
party for dad's birthday. W ill
a. went, rented, spent, b. didn't
been living, moved, d. had been
we have a big party for dad's
arrive, had missed, had, c. has
ringing, picked it up, e. saw,
birthday?
gone, d. hasn't rained, e. noticed,
was, had been running, f. was,
had broken into, called, f. have
clim bed, g. couldn't, had been
72
already seen, g. didn't go, had
snowing, h. entered, noticed,
a. Where will the concert take
seen, h. saw, phoned, told, i. had
had been playing
place? b. W hat tim e will the
1. b , 2 . e, 3 . g, 4 . a, 5 . h,
7. f,
6. c,
8. d
f. W e
w o n 't have a big
film start? c. W ho will come to
tried, resigned, j. bought, had

asked, k. have already decided,
69
your birthday party? d. W hat will
I. cleaned, cooked, did, had
a. arrived, had already begun,
you buy Mary for her birthday?
done, invited
b. has been raining, c. have been
e. How much money will you
living, d. had spoken, booked,
lend Bob?
e. organised, invited, had,
in July? g. W hat w ill the Browns
a. Bill had been waiting for 30
f. have been thinking, g. had been
do soon? h. When will you go
minutes before we arrived.
learning, decided, h. have always
on holiday? i. W ho will help you
b. Had you been listening to loud
wanted, i. had done, let, j. have
prepare dinner? j. W hat will you
music again? c. Tom hadn't been
you been doing, has been, saw
have for lunch?
had been playing in the living-room
70
73
for hours, e. It had been raining
a. Jim will help dad clean up the
a. will take, b . will end, c. will
all night, f. Somebody had been
garage, b. The lesson w ill finish
make, d . will lend. e. will tell,
sleeping in my bed. g. Bob and
soon. c. I will g o to the cinem a
f.
Lisa hadn't been studying for the
with you d. Tom will com e to my
h. W ill you help, i. will fall,
exam at all. h. Had it been raining
birthday porty. e. My cousin will
j. will rain, k. will start,
heavily that summer? i. The Browns
stay at ou r place for a week.
I. W ill mum cook
had been redecorating the house
f. My parents will never let me
for months, j. They hadn't been
buy such an expensive watch.
74
exercising regularly.
g. I will lend you the m oney if
a. will rain, b. will start, c. will
you need it. h. I will never tell
give, d. will coll, e . w o n 't tell,
67
you Julie's secret, i. The weather
f.
a. M y dad had been smoking
will probably change next month,
spend
for 2 0 years, b. We had been
j. Stereotypes will never die.
f.
W here will you go
running that morning d.The kids
will have to, g . w ill call,
will y o , g. will com e, h. will
wairing for Tom for an hour.

ic z y k i o b c e p i
din po< /q ltu iq c y c h i /uciwaruowanyc.h
369
85
75
80
a . I shall ... , b . - , c. Shall we
a . I am going to be sick. b . It is
a . leoves, b . w ill be, c. are
...? d. - , e. - , f. W e
going to rain. c. Y ou're g o in g to
having, d . is g o in g to travel,
fall dow n. d. Y ou're g o in g to burn
e. am g o in g , f. w ill do,
yourself, e. It is g o ing to crash, f.
g . are you d o in g , h. will be
shall ...
g . I shall ... , h. W e shall ... .
76
She is going to hurt herself, g . The
a. is g o in g to sell, b. is going to
film is going to start soon. h. II is
86
have, c. Are you going to help,
going to break it.
A : are you g o in g to meet, are

g o in g , are you g o in g to tell, will
d. is g o ing to rain, e. Are we
81
tell, w o n 't be, a m g o ing to / will
buy, g . Is M aria going to have, h.
a . will wait, b . are g o in g to have,
c o n v in c e , w ill keep
are you going to apply, i. Are the
c. are not g o in g to buy, d . is
B: w ill be, am h a v in g , am flying,
kids g o in g to stay, j. are going to
g o ing to apply, e. w ill he lp, f. are
a re you staying / are you going
redecorate
go in g to buy, g . w ill tell, h. will
to stay, w ill be, w ill be
g o ing to invite,
f. am
going to
have, i. are g o in g to sell, j. w ill
77
take, k. will drive, I. is g o in g to be
87
a . I know everything will end well.
a . w ere g o in g to buy, b . was

g o in g to visit, c. was g o in g to
82
b . The next film starts in an hour.
c a ll, d. was g o in g to ask, e .w e re
a . a, b . b, c. a , d . a, e. b, f. b,
c. I have an idea: we will call Jim
g . b, h. a, i. b, j. a
and g o to the disco, d. If you don't
g o in g to travel,
f.
was g o in g to
help m e, I will never speak to you
b e co m e , g . w ere you g o in g to
tell, h . w asn 't g o in g to cry,
83
again, e. M y parents are going
i. w e re n 't g o in g to let, j. w asn't
a . I am sure you w ill solve you r
to buy a new car. f. Tomorrow
g o in g to eat
proble m s soon. b . W e o re g o in g
evening, we are going to a concert
to buy new fu rn itu re fo r the
at the Philharm onic, g . Tom is
78
liv in g -ro o m . c. W e w ill b e a t the
go in g to start his ow n business.
a . W h o is go in g to help us paint
station on tim e. / W e w ill be on
h. I will teach you how to use
the fence? b. W hat are Jane and
tim e at the station, d . I'm a fra id
e-m ail. Have a look!
Bob g o in g to send ou t next week?
I w o n 't be a b le to h e lp yo u .
c. W hy are you g o ing to quit
e. M u m is g o in g to c o o k d in n e r
88
your jo b ? d . W hen are we go in g
fo r 12 p e o p le to n ig h t, f. Tom
T o m o rro w a t
to have a party? e. W hat were
is not at hom e so I w ill c a ll him
p re p a rin g fo r m y trip to Italy On
Tom a n d Bill g o ing to do? f. H ow
later, g . M y parents are g o in g
S atu rda y m o rn in g , I will be flying
m any people is Jake g o in g to
to spend the w eekend a t the
to M ila n
invite to his parly? g . W hen is the
seaside, h. I'll show you h o w to
I w ill be d o in g sightseeing of
conference g o in g to take place?
use this m achine.
R om an m o n u m e n ts Tomorrow
h. W h o is going to be responsible
fo r the project?
79
a . a m not g o in g to help, b . a re n 't
g o in g 1o let, c. am not go in g to
tell, d . isn't go in g to get, e. a re n 't
g o in g to lend, f. isn't g o in g to
co m e , g a re n 't g o in g to eat,
h. isn't g o in g to rain
six,
I w ill be
This tim e next month,
a t six Tom w ill be w atching his
84
fa v o u rite TV series O n Saturday
a . are g o in g to have, b . am
m o rn in g he w l II be jogging in
ha ving, c. are g o in g , d . am
the p a tk
m eeting, e . is fly in g , f. a re you
he w ill be re la x in g on a tropical
d o in g / are you g o in g to d o ,
b e a ch . T o m o rro w a t six my
g . are no t g o in g to in vite , h. am
pa re n ts w ill be having dinner
g o in g to buy, i. a re p la y in g ,
w ith the ir frie n d s. O n Saturday
j am g o in g to take, k. is g o in g
m o rn in g they w ill be doing the
o ra in , I. Is Jane g o in g
s h o p p in g a t th e supermarket
This tim e next month
K LU C Z D O W IC ZE
This time next m onth, they w ill be
92
96
moving to a new house.
a . will have d ecid ed , b . will have
a . will have repaired, b. will
rep aid , c . will have delivered,
89
have been repairing, c. will
d . will have prepared, e . will
have learnt, d. will have been
a . W ill you be calling at the
have done, f. will have cleaned ,
learning, e . will have baked,
shop on your w ay hom e? b. Sue
g . will have g rad u ated , h. will
f. will have been cooking, g. will
won't be working tom orrow at
have finished, i. will have
have painted, h . will have been
12 because it's Sunday, c . I hope
a rrived , j. will have published
painting
moving to our own house, d . W ill
93
97
you be talking to Jim this w eek?
will have picked up, will have
a . have you w orked / have you
e . The pupils w on't be attending
d o n e, will have d eco rated , will
been w orking, have worked /
school next w eek because o f the
have prepared, will have arrived,
have been w orking, b . arrived,
spring break, f. O n Sunday at
will have returned
had alread y been eaten, c. have
that this time next year we will be
12, we will be driving to S a ra h 's
alw ays wanted, d . were chatting,
wedding, g. Mum will be baking
94
entered, e . recom m ended, had
a cake tonight, h. O n Saturday
a . will have been sleeping, b . will
seen, f. w as, w as shining, w as,
m orning, my sister will be
have been raining, c . will have
went, g. will finish, h. will be
cleaning the flat.
been crying, d. will have been
flying, i. am h aving , am having
writing, e . will have been looking
have, j. have never been, went,
90
for, f. will have been travelling,
flew, stayed, is
a . will help, b . will be helping,
g . will have been learning, h. will
c. will be waiting, d, will drive, will
hove been going on
98
a. have you been, b. won't believe,
w alk, e . will be doing, f. will Mary

be doing / will Mary do, g . will
95
c. have just returned, d. drove,
take, h. Will you be callin g , i. will
a . I w on't have been studying
e . rented, f. rode, g. travelled,
be writing, j. will help
for three years by Ju n e . b . The
h. sailed, i. returned, j. cycled,
conference will h ave been lasting
k. were cam ping, I. stole, m. had,
91
for three days by tom orrow,
n. was, o. am visiting, p. has been,
I will have cooked d in n er by
c . Steve will have been working
q. saw, r. will I recognise
3 o 'c lo c k . I will have finished
a s a firem an for I 5 years by
reading this book by Friday.
1* M ay. d . She w on't have
99
I will have paid off all my debts
been exercising for two hours
a. b, b. a , c. b, d. a , e. b, f. a ,
by next month Sally will have
by 8 o 'c lo c k , e. Aunt Betty will
g. b, h. b, i. a , . a
sent all the e-m ails by 3 o 'clo ck .
have been staying in hospital
She will have finished writing her
for two weeks by W ednesday,
100
thesis by Friday. She will have
f. W ho will have been working
a. is alw ays interrupting, b. have
found a new job by next month.
on this project for two years by
been preparing, c. will have
Tom and Jen ny will h ave arrived
Septem ber?
finished, d . leoves, e. are having,
by 3 o 'c lo ck . They will have

prepared the party by Friday.
They will have sold their Hat by
f. had been studying, g. had

never been, h. had lost, i. have
already seen, j. worked
next month.
vw/w.|>zykiobce pi
ctla p o c jq lU iq ty c h I /aowonsowanych
371
11. C z a s o w m k i
m o d a fn e
3
a C o u ld you le n d m e som e
h- H e m a y / m ig h t be / h0ve
been slee ping .
m oney? b . D a d , ca n / c o u ld
M ake you r c a r fo r the w eekend?
i
a . Sally can sing. Sally c a n 't /
cannot ride a m otorbike. Sally
could skate. Sally c o u ld n 't ride
a horse, b. Ted can dance. Ted
c a n 't / can not sing. Ted co u ld
speak some French. Ted cou ldn t
swim. c. I...
c. C an / c o u ld yo u h e lp m e
a . M ay I leave earlier? b. You
with this heavy suitcase? d . C a n
not leave earlier, c. Students Z Z
/ c o u ld I use y o u r ph one?
e. C o u ld we g o to a c o n c e rt
tonight? f. C a n I g o c a m p in g
with my friends? g . C a n I leave
a message fo r M r Jones? h. C a n
I have a n o th e r p ie ce o f cake?
not use the library on Saturdays

d . C h ild re n may only p|Qy
pla ygro und until 5 o'clock.
e. M ay all students
a p p l y fo r ,îs
scholarship? f. You may invite

friends hom e whenever you wont
g . You m ay not speak without
perm ission, h. Children may not
swim in the swimming pool.
a. Jenny can't come to ou r party.

b. I can't lend you my car.
a . M ay I use the ph one?
c. Tom can't understand
b. M ay I sm oke? c. M a y I ask
Japanese, d. I can't open this
you a question? d . M a y I leave
10
box. e. As a child, I couldn't ride
earlier? e. M a y I use y o u r pen?
a. w ill b e a llo w e d to spend,
rollerskates. f. I couldn't go to
f. M ay I have a glass o f w ate r?
b . W ill yo u be allow ed to
the party, g. You can't use my
g . M ay I o ffe r yo u s o m e th in g to
g o , c. w a s n 't allow ed to use,
phone, h. Bowling can't be fun.
drink? h. M a y I sp e a k to yo u in
d . w ere a llo w e d to play, e. will
i. It couldn't have been Tom on the
private?
be a llo w e d to ski, f. have never

b e en a llo w e d to listen
phone, j. It couldn't / can't be the

pizza delivery.
a . This m an m ig h t be Jenny's
11
brother, b . John m ig h t be
a . m ust g o to bed, b. must do
a . c o u ld n 't / w asn't able to open,
w aiting fo r us a t h o m e . c. They
the la u n d ry , c. must read it,
b. can / cou ld I w ear, c. co u ld
m igh t kno w w h ich bus to take.
d . m ust take a painkiller, e. must
feel, d . cou ld feel, e. c o u ld n 't
d . Jane m ig h t have P h ilip 's
m e e t a g a in , f. must buy a new
/ w asn't a b le to reach, f. c o u ld
phone num ber, e . It m ig h t be
dress, g . m ust have a snack,
lend, g . we can / could g o ,
a m istake, f. Jan e m ig h t be
h. m ust hurry up
h. cou ld knit and sew, i. can
having a bath. g . M u m m ig h t
play, j. c o u ld n 't / w asn't a b le to
still be d o in g the s h o p p in g .
12
h. Jane m ight n o t be fe e lin g w e ll.
a . Students have to wear uniforms
recognise
a . w ill be able to com e,

b . has never been able to win,
c. have always been / am always
b . Students have to be quiet
d u rin g the lessons, c. The teache?
a . He may / m ig h t have g o n e
has to praise the students, d. The
to the shop. b . H e m ay / m ig h t
te a ch e r has to be patient and
have been / be re p a irin g the c a r
understanding, e. Everybody ôS
in ,he 9 a r g e . c. H e m ay / m ig h t
to keep the classroom dean.
have been asleep
f.
able to persuade, d . w ill you

be able / are you able to drive,
e. w ill be able to take, f. had
been able to do , g . w o n 't be /
am not a b le to com e, h. ha ve n 't
been able to go
d . He m ay /
m ight have been w a tc h in g TV.
h o m e w o rk, g . Students don 11
e . Y o u m a y / m i g h t have left it
to brin g a ll their books to schoo
n ,he bus f ' " m a y / m ig h t be

at yo u r office , g . H e m ay / m ig h t
every day. h. Students have to
iave been ta k in g a show er.
372
Students have to do their
d lo p o c iq tk u iq c y c h , W Owg n i0 W 0 n ych
co m e to school on time.
KLUCZ D O
W IC Z E
13
17
21
a. Do I have to discuss, b . do n't
a . Y o u m ustn't sm oke h ere.
a. You should take a painkiller.
have to go, c. had to walk, d . had
b. You m ustn't feed the a n im a ls .
b. You should borrow some
to take care, e. Do you have to
c. You m ustn't drive faster
from your friends c. You should
be, f. Do I hove to apply, g . had
than 3 0 m ph. d. You m ustn't
take a taxi d. You should go on
to go. h. did you hove to / have
take pho to g rap hs here. e. You
a diet. e. You should go to bed
you had to / will you have to
m ustn't turn left here. f. Y o u
early, f. You should talk to your
mustn'1 cro ss the street now .
boss. g. You should study more,
14
g . Y o u m ustn't d ro p litter h ere.
h. You should call him.
a. Tom must pass the exom.
h. Y o u m ustn't talk here i. You
b. Bill must hove booked a table
m ustn't p ark here. j. You m ustn't
22
for us. c. Diane can 't have done
w a lk on the g rass.
a. You should drive more

carefully, b. You should always
such a cruel thing, d. Bob must

have been nervous before flying
18
tell the Iruth. c. You shouldn't eat
for the first time. e. Sandra can't
a. needn't g o , b. needn't have
so many sweets, d . You shouldn't
have done that exercise on her
called, c. needn't hove told,
drink and drive, e. I think people
own. f. M r Simpson must hove
d. needn't have w ashed, e. needn't
should do more sports, f. You
loved his wife deeply, g . You
have run, f. needn't hove stayed,
should read English books to
must have read that book. h. Tim
g. needn'l have done, h. needn't
learn the language, g. You
can't have taken your pen.
drive
should call the police when you

see an accident, h. You should
19
put on o warm sweater because
. I did n 't have to go to work
a. must, b. needn't, c. don't hove
it is cold.
erday. b. The teacher had to
to, d. needn't have taken,
check the tests all weekend.
e. don't have to, f. mustn't,
23
c. You absolutely must see that
g . don't have to, h. don't have
a. should have gone, b. should
film. d. Jim can't have done such
to. i. m ustn't, j. needn't
have quit, c. shouldn't have eaten,

d. should have come, e. shouldn't
an irresponsible thing, e. The

injured man didn't have to be
20
have taken, f. should have come,
token to hospital, f. I have hod
a . You needn't have told the
g. should have helped,
to wear glosses since I was five,
whole family that I had lost my
h. shouldn't have borrowed
g. W hat do I have to do to get
job. b. You do n't have to /
permission? h. I have to take these
needn't babysit Suzy tom orrow ,
24
pills and do exercise every day.
w e'll be at home. c. You mustn't
a. ought not to hove listened,
gam ble in this town d . You
b. ought not to hove played,
16
mustn '1 drive after taking these
c. ought not to have walked,
a. You mustn't smoke
tablets, e. W om en m ustn't show
d. ought not to have trusted,
b.
their faces in this country,
You mustn't run in the
f.
Ms
e. ought not to hove driven,

f. ought not to have swum
corridors, c. You mustn't play with
Jenkins is retiring, so we have to
m obile phones during classes.
find a replacement
d. You mustn't eat during classes.
have to / needn't come to visit
25
e. You mustn't fight with your
me every day. h. You d o n 't have
a. You should / ought to
f. You
to / needn't translate every word.
have trusted me. b . Everything
I speak Spanish a little
should end well. c. I should
classmates,
mustn't be
rude to teachers g. You mustn't

write on desks,
h.
You mustn't
talk when the teacher is talking.
le z y k io lx ft. p l
g.
You do n't
have enough money to buy that

dress,
d.
You should / ought to
dla poczqtk'ujqcych I xaawansowonych
373
W IELKA G R A W A IT R J*
have been m o re careful playing
i. W ill you be a b le to le n d m e
with the scissors, e. W e should
som e m oney? j. D id y o u have to
/ o u g h t to have ca lle d fo r the
be so rude?
o u g h t not to have spoken to

her like that, now you should
a p o lo g iz e to her. g . I should
a n d Jenny said they had been to

a concert, e . Kote said the cake
tasted w o n d e rfu l, f. Ben to ld me
a m b u la n c e w hen we saw the

a c cid e n t, f. You s h o u ld n 't /
because he w as late. d . M ary
m u m had d o n e the sho ppin g and
12. N a s t p s tw o
czasw i m o w a
z a le n a
co o ke d d in ner, g . M y parents said

they w ere g o in g to the cinem a
the next day. h . Sally to ld m e she
d id n 't kno w Paul very w ell. i. Jane
finish the p roject by Friday.
shouted (that) she was having
h .T o m should be a t hom e
right now h e lp in g be w ith the
a . I knew Tom liked Kate.
a show er, j. Jim m y to ld m e he had
housew ork.
b. I thought it was a g o o d idea.
always w anted to have a dog.
c. I was sure Tom w ould com e
26
with us. d . M um knew I w anted to
a. W ill you please turn the music
g o skiing, e. M y boss thought that
a . T o m said it w as his birthday
dow n? I'm trying to work. b. That
1was ill.
will be the pizza delivery man! I'll
play go lf well. g . I hoped you
had go ne to the cinem a the day
get / open the door. c. W ill you
w ould help me. h. I was g la d you
before, c. Tom an d Steve said they
stop follow ing me? It's irritating!
liked my present, i. I believed Tom
were g o in g c a m p in g the next day
d. I'm sure you will have heard that
was reliable and honest, j. I was
d . Tom said he had on exam the
I broke up with Bart. e. W ill you
afraid you were w rong, k . W e knew
fo llo w in g w eek. e. M y brother told
be so nice and d o the shopping
Ted had gone to the shop. I. Tom
m e he had been ill the previous
for me? f. Somebody's phone is
was sure we w ould get the job.
week. f. Bill said it had happened
f. Everybody knew
I could
that day. b . M y friends said they
a year before, g . Tina said she had
ringing! - That will be mine!
lived there all h e r life. h. Robert told
27
a . I thin k that Jane w ill c o m e
me he had b o u g h t that bo ok on
a . c o u ld , b . had to , c. should
to n ig h t b . W e w ere c o n v in c e d
M onday.
have g o n e , d . m ig h t, e. had to,
th a t Tom an d Sue w o u ld c o m e
f. n e e d n 't have g o n e /
to visit us. c. I re m e m b e r Jenny
d id n 't need to g o , g . had to,
likes roses the m ost. d . W e
a . T o m a s k e d m e w h e re I came
h. c o u ld n 't
have heard th a t Tom has fo u n d
fro m . b . H e a s k e d m e w hat
a new job . e. I was sure I w o u ld
tim e I g o t u p . c. M u m asked
28
finish the p ro je c t o n tim e . f. B ob
w h o h a d b ro k e n the w in d o w ,
a . Y ou sho uld a p o lo g iz e to m u m
said he c o u ld d o the s h o p p in g ,
d . Kate a s k e d us w h a t we had
an d te ll her a b o u t the broken
g . Everybody knew it h a d n 't been
b o u g h t M a ry fo r b irth d a y , e. Tim
vase
/ w a s n 't an a ccid e n t, h . Tom
asked m e h o w m a n y tim es I had
to he r c. You d id n 't have to /
re m em b ere d we had to pay the
been a b ro a d
d id n 't need to co m e to pick me
b ill. i. W e kno w Tom w o n the
w he n I ha d s o ld m y ca r. g . O u r
up fro m the station, d . You must
lottery, j. I said I was h a p p y to
frie nds aske d us w h e re we were
be very careful d rivin g a t night.
see you.
g o in g o n h o lid a y , h. The police
b . You s h o u ld n 't have lied
e. M a y / C a n / C o u ld I ask you
f. B ob asked me
in q u ire d w h a t I ha d been doing
a qu estion ? f. S om eone ca lle d
m e a t night, it must have been
a. Tom said he had g o n e to an
i. D a ve o s k e d w hy I ha d quit my
T o m . g . I c o u ld c a ll / c o u ld have
Italian restaurant the da y before.
jo b
c a lle d him , bu t I d id n 't w an t to
b. M ary told me she w asn 't feeling
h. Y ou m u sln 't o p e n this dra w e r.
Fridays.
well. c. Jake said he ha d to run
w he n the p h o n e h a d ra ng
j. A n n a s k e d w h a t I did on
6
a . Tom asked if I had had a good
a. Kate suggested that we
flat i. D ad told us h e w as going
time. b. Betty asked
I liked my
(should) visit / visting grandm a
to N ew York on business the
town c. Eve asked if I had seen
a t the hospital b . I asked Tom
follow ing w eek. j. A n elderly lady
that man before, d. Fiona asked if
to help me with my Physics
asked me to help h er with that
John was arriving in the morning,
hom ew ork, c. O u r has boss
b ag .
e. M um asked if Betty was my
ordered us to work from eight till
best friend, f. Sam asked if my
/ until five this week. d. M u m told
12
father smoked, g. Juan asked me
me to clean my room an d do
a. Jim said he loved playing
if I spoke / could speak Spanish,
the shopping, e. John advised
football and Barcelona was his
h. M ary asked me if my parents
me to ask a loan advisor for
favourite team.
were angry with / at me. i. My
help f. Tim prom ised to help me
he had played in a tournament
boss asked if the project would be
move my things to the new flat.
with his friends the week before,
ready the next day. j. My friend
g . M ary begged me not to say
c. He said he was going to buy
anything to her husband
tickets fo r all football matches
h. M y brother Joe rem inded me
during Euro 2 0 1 2 . d . He asked
to get some flowers fo r m um 's
if we / I liked foo tba ll, e. He also
birthday.
asked who our / my favourite
if
a. M um told me to go to my
help her m ove things to her new
room . b. The teacher ordered
b.
Jim told us
player was. f. Jim suggested that
us to do exercises 2 and 4 on
page 17. c. Kate asked John to
a . told, b . says, c. tell, d . speak,
turn the music down. d . Mary
e. said, f. speaks, g. said, h. is
told her son not to be so rude,
speaking, j. were talking, j. speak
e. My neighbour asked me to
/ t a lk , k. speak, I. tell, m . told
we play football at the weekend.
w ater the flowers three times
13. Strona bierna

1
a week. f. Betty told us to com e
10
a. Cars are m ade in a factory.
to her place on Friday around
a . said, b. tell, c. asks, d . talked,
b. A sandwich is made by my
seven, g. Tom suggested that
e. say, f. tell, g . say, h. tell, i. say,
brother, c. A bo ok is bought at
we (should) get Suzy a do g for
j. asks
a bookshop, d . Vegetables are

sold at the market, e. Trucks
her birthday. / Tom suggested

g e tting Suzy a dog fo r her
11
are repaired by a mechanic.
birthda y h. Jim ordered me
a . Steve told me he was going to
f. Photos are taken by
to call an am bulance. .T om
propose to Jane the next day.
a photographer, g. The lawn
offere d to help me. j. M um
b . Sally said she had started to
is mowed by o u r gardener,
suggested that we (should) g o
w ork fo r that com pany two years
h. A picture is painted by an
aw ay for the weekend. / M u m
before, c. M um asked me where
artist, i. I am invited to a party,
suggested g o ing oway for the
I had been the night before.
j. Bob is interviewed by the
d. Tim asked us if we liked
m anager.
weekend,
k.
M u m rem inded me
not to be late. I. Sarah suggested
Chinese food. e. Frank warned
that we (should) invite Danny
me not to g o there f. C arl
fo r dinner. / Sarah suggested
suggested that we g o to that
2
a. English is spoken all ovei the
inviting D anny for dinner
new Italian restaurant / C arl
w orld, b. Anim als are cured by
suggested g o ing to that new
a vet c. N ew spaper articles are
Italian restaurant g . Kate
written by a reporter, d. The
confessed that she was afra id of
llowers are watered every day
heights h. Sally asked il I could
(by mum), e. C hildren are taught
V/WW m /vkiobcc I'll
d la p o cxq lku jq cych i zauw ansow anych
375
W IE L K A ^ K H m n i *'
park yesterday, j. This tim e the

French by M ary, f. O u r office is
shopping was d o n e by M a rk .
g . A s p e c ia l song w ill be
ch o se n .
cleaned every two days (by the

cleaner), g. M r Jones is taken to
his office every m orning (by his
driver), h. Mistakes are m ade by
everybody.
3
a . is appointed, b. are examined,
c. are caused, d . are sent,
e. is kept, f. isn't washed, g . is
10
6
a. was the first Harry Potter book
a . W ill the b ik e be repaired,
published, b . was d o s e d , c. were
b . w ill be p rin te d , c. was built,
killed, d . wasn't delivered, e. was
d . w as p u n is h e d , e . are not
discovered, f* was discussed,
/ w ere n o t a llo w e d , f. was
g. wasn't accepted, h. was
a rre s te d , g . w o n 't be invited,
punished, i. wasn't locked, j. were
h . is p la y e d , i. w ill be solved,
j. w e re in ju re d
the suitcases packed
chocolate produced, h. is
11
7
a . are sold, b . wasn t de layed ,
a.
c. has been fo rg o tte n , d . are
the m o m e n t, b . Photos are being
a . This house was built in 1985.
em ployed, e. was so ld , f. was
ta k e n by Ben now . c. The whole
b . O u r flight was cancelled
built, g . was fo llo w e d , h. are
c o n c e rt is b e in g recorded, d. The
because o f thick fog.
cancelled / have been c a n c e lle d ,
new b u d g e t is being prepared by
c. This book was written
i. were d a m a g e d , j. A re b a n a n a s
the g o v e rn m e n t, e. Tomato soup
by Ryszard Kapuciski.
grow n
is b e in g c o o k e d at the moment.
flooded, i. is called, j. are m ade
The c a r is being repaired at
f. The Prim e M iniste r is
d . O u r car was stolen last night.

e . This photo was taken last
b e in g asked m any questions.
sum m er in Paris, f. This painting
a. All problem s w ill b e solved
g . A b o ttle o f cham pagne is
was painted by Pablo Picasso,
one day. b . The fu sio n o f the tw o
b e in g o p e n e d now. h. O u r office
g . The patient was given an
com panies w ill be a n n o u n c e d
is b e in g re d e c o ra te d now. i. The
injection, h. The dinner was
on Friday, c. The speech w ill be
dishes a re b e in g washed by our
prepared by mum and gran.
delivered by the c h o irm a n o f o u r
h o u s e k e e p e r, j. The monument is
i. Tom wasn't / hasn't been
com pany, d . The b ill w ill be p a id
b e in g re n o v a te d at the moment
invited to Sally's party,
tom orrow
j. The idea w asn't accepted by
be organised next m o n th , f. O u r
12
the board o f directors.
house w ill be re d e c o ra te d so o n ,
a. A song is being sung,
g . The new bo ok by P aolo C o e lh o
b . The p la n e is being boarded
will be published in July. h . N ew
(by the passengers).
furniture w ill be d e live re d a ro u n d
c. The ro o m is being painted
5. i. The exam w ill be held next
(by d a d ), d . The lawn is being
5
a . The test was corrected by
the teacher, b. The music for
this film was com posed by
M ich a Lorenc, c. This letter
e. The c o n fe re n c e w ill
W ednesday at
10 .
.I hope o u r
offer w ill be accepted.
was written by Jenny, d . Sally

was fired by the m anager, e.
Polonium was discovered by
M a ria Skfodowska-Curie. f.T h e
patient was exam ined by the
doctor, g. All the questions were
answered by the pupils h . l w a s
given a new bicycle for rriy
birthday, i. lo rn was seen in the
dlo poczatk llinrur*k
m o w e d (by the gardener).
e. The c h ild is being fed (by ,he

m o th e r),
f. A
film is being shot
in o u r street today, g . Dessert
a - A new dress a n d suit w ill be
is b e in g served (by the waiter)
bought, b. A list o f guests w ill be
h. A s a n d w ic h is being eaten by
m ade. c. Invitations w ill be sent
B ob. . A test is b e in g written bv
d. A cake w ill be o rd e re d a t the
the students, j. Essays are being
cake shop. e. A re s ta u ra n t w ill
co rre c te d by the teacher-
,)6 b, ked
f A c c o m m o d a tio n
the 9 uesfs w ill be fo u n d .
13
16
a. is always served, b. is b e ing
a . was m ade,
served, c. is usually taken,
eaten, c. was broug ht up, d . were
conference, h . The w inner has
d. is rarely eaten, e. is being
m ade redundant, e. w as being
been a n n o u n ce d , i. The message
sewn, f. is checked, g . am
used, f. was cancelled, g . were
has been deleted, j. A new
being questioned, h. is being
being follo w e d / were follo w e d,
co m p u te r has been b o u g h t fo r my
written, i. is being organised /
h.
office.
been m a n a g e d by Sue. g . The
b.
guests have been invited to the
was being
was being treated
is organised, j. isn't being used
17
20
14
a . The c a r is g o in g to be
a . The ro a d has been re p a ire d
a. The acto r was being
re paire d next week.
recently. / The ro a d has been
interviewed by a journalist.
b.
recently re p a ire d , b . The re p o rt
b. Yesterday evening a party
exam ined on Friday.
has been finish ed, c. M y m o b ile
was being held at my house.
c. The conference was g o in g to
ph one has been taken, d . The
c. Scrabble was being played
be held last M o n d a y, d . A party
s h o p p in g has been d o n e (by
by the children, d. W hen
fo r Jane is g o in g to be organised
me), e. The reserva tion had been
I arrived dinner was being
on Saturday, e. G ra n d m a is
m ade by T o m . f. The co n ce rt
served, e. A patient was being
g o in g to be taken to hospital
tickets had been b o o k e d (by me)
examined fo r an hour. f. I was
fo r surgery, f. The letters were
before g . T o m has been ad vised
being asked many questions
g o in g to be sent yesterday,
(by his m um ) to confess to his lie.
about the accident, g. The new
but I fo rg o t, g . The p a rce l was
h. M a n y b e a u tifu l p h o to s have
shopping m all was being built
g o in g to be delivered yesterday,
been taken by Bob. . M a n y new
fo r over 2 years, h. The road was
h.
friends have be en m a d e recently,
being repaired after the flood,
b o o k e d fo r to m o rro w evening.
The students are g o in g to be
The restaurant is g o in g to be
i. The shop was being closed
j. This story has been m a d e up

by Henry.
when I arrived, j. TV was being
18
w atched all evening.
a. The house is go in g to be sold.
21
b.
a . has been fo u n d , b . has been
Pasta was g o ing to be eaten
15
fo r dinner, c. A new sofa was
left, c. has been drunk, d . has
a . An ice cream was being eaten
g o ing to be bought, d . The w hole
been d a m a g e d , e. has been
(by me), b. The results were being
house is g o in g to be cleaned by
arrested, f. has been spent, g . has
announced by the speaker, c. The
Tom. e. A d o c to r is g o in g to be
been installed, h . has been lost,
injured were being helped by the
called, f. That tree is g o in g to
i. has been locked, j. has been
nurse, d . The onions were being
be cut dow n. g. That b o o k was
hanged / hung.
chopped by the cook e. The
go in g to be read.
floors were being cleaned by the
is go in g to be discussed at the
22
housekeeper, f. The phone was
meeting.
a . M a rk is kno w n to be a g re a t
h.
That issue
being used (by somebody), g . The
da d. b . It is believed th a t this m on
pancakes were being fried (by
19
is responsible fo r the accid ent,
mum), h. The concert was being
a. The project hasn't been
c. It is said that m o bile phones
w atched by one thousand people,
finished yet.
i. A speech was being given by
been cancelled by the organisers.
said to be a d d ic te d to m o b ile
the boss. j. A missing boy was
c. M y phone has been stolen.
phones, e. Tw o hundred p e ople
being looked for by the police.
d . All the letters have been sent.
are reported to have been killed
e. The room has been cleaned
in the crash, f. M a rk is believed to
b.
The concert has
by Tom. f. The project has
can be harm ful d . Teenagers are
be an honest a n d generous m an.
WWW, iezyhobce.pl
dl a p oc z q i k u , q c y c h i z o a w a n s o w a n y c h
c W om en are reported t o choose

g. The weather is expected to
change soon. h. The winter is
expected to end soon. i. This
politician is expected to resign
from his post. j. It is believed that
he stole a lot of money, k. Jenny
is said to be the most talented
student. I. The film is supposed to
finish at five.
career over fam ily life m ore often

d . John was supposed to be here
at 12. e. Jane was supposed
,o hove helped me w ith my
a. rains, slay, b. gets, rusts,
homework, but she fo rg o t. F. It is
c. b re a k , g e t, d . are, are, e. mix,
said that wom en like to gossip /
g e t,
gossiping, g. Johnny is know n to
w a lk , gets, h. peel, cry, I. study,
have been in love w ith M a ry for
g e t, j. d o n 't pay, get, k. breaks,
ages / years, h. This painting is
take , I. d o e s n 't w o rk , go
23
believed to be the most beautiful
a. M ark is known to have many
o f all.
f.
w a n ts, listens, g . d o n 't
2
1. b, 2 . e, 3 . h,
unusual hobbies, b. It is believed
7 . f,
4.
d, 5 . a,
6. g,
8. c
that the Dem ocratic candidate
26
will win the election. / The
a. My bike g o t stolen, b. I fin a lly
Dem ocratic candidate is believed
go t paid fo r my w o rk (by my
to win the election, c. Sandra is
boss), c. I go t o ffere d a pay rise,
a. have, w ill help, b. passes, will
expected to recover quickly after
d. The paintings go t d a m a g e d
g o , c. finish, will let, d . miss, will
the surgery, d . Many teenagers
by the fire. e. The vase go t
take, e. d o e s n 't start, will give,
are reported to be paralyzed
broken, f. I g o t stung by a bee.
f. d o n 't hurry, will miss, g. want,
with stress before their exams,
g. I g o t fired (by my boss), h. M y
will call, h. are, will make, i. is, will
e. John and Betty are known
colleague M a rk go t pro m o te d
go , j. is, w ill fire, k. are, will help,
to be involved in charity, f. It is
(by my boss).
I. am not, d o n 't w ait, m. finishes,
known that the exgm will be very
will g o , n. w ill fail, spend
difficult. / The exam is known to
27
be very difficult, g. Ted and Jake
a . Has the decision been
are known to be best friends.
announced, b. was re d e co ra te d ,
a. If you d o n 't slow down, you will
h. Linda is known to have gone
c. am being fo llo w e d , d . w ill be
pay a speeding fine. b. If you're
to Asia for 3 months.
transferred, e. was d ire cte d , f. is
feeling worse, you should go to
being exam ined, g . have never
the doctor, c. If you meet Tom,
been invited, h. is be in g served
invite him fo r dinner, d. If you're
/ has been served / is served,
late fo r scho ol, the teacher will
i- was being questioned, j. w ill be
be angry, e. If I d o n 't find a job,
cancelled, k. w asn't p re p a re d ,
we will sell the house and move
I. are baked, is m ade
ou t o f tow n. f. If you come to the
24
a. Jane is said to be an excellent
artist, b. Roman Polaski is said
to be one of the best movie
directors in the world, c. This film
is expected to get an Oscar,
d. Unemployment rate is
28
reported to have fallen
a. is watered, b . was closed
significantly, o. Jane is believed

to work too much.
dow n, c. Have you ever been

forced, d . w ill be o rg a n is e d ,
25
a. It is said that Mark is an
the chocolates, you will have

stom achache,
h.
If I go to the
USA, I will see the G rand Canyon

i. If you save some money, you
w ill buy a new com puter j. If there
excellent lawyer b. He is known
1o
i-*s (was) know n, k. has been
d'
fro m S cotland, g . If you eat all
9 were destroyed, h. has just

been an nounced, i. a re delayed,
have won a few difficult cases
party, you w ill meet my friends
* will be delivered, f. was sold,
introduced, I. is being given
378
14. Z d a n ia
warunkow e
I zawansowanych
is a lot o f snow, we will make

a snowm an.
13
a. If you d o n 't like this sw eater,
O d p o w ie d z i wasne
a . If we had no tice d the fire
buy a new one! b . If y o u 're n o t
ea rlier, we w o u ld still have
feeling w ell, g o to the d o c to r!
a hom e now. b. If you w eren't
c. If yo u r ph one d o e s n 't w ork,
a . had to ld , w o u ld have
so rude, they w o u ld have offered
you can use m ine. d . If yo u 're
prepa red , b . had w arned,
you the job. c. If I w asn 't /
bored, g o h o m e l e . If Jim calls,
w o u ld n 't hove trusted, c. had
w e re n 't a fra id o f flying, I w ould
let me know ! f. If you w ill be so
know n, w o u ld n 't have taken,
have go ne to A sia a lo n g tim e
kind to let m e use yo u r phone,
d . had installed, w o u ld n 't have
go. d . If she had taken care o f
I w ill be very grateful, g . If you
broken into, e. had studied,
her health, she w o u ld n 't be in
w o rk like that, fo rg e t a b o u t a pay
w o u ld have go n e , f. h a d n 't
hospital now . e. If my son was
rise! h. If you lig h t a cigarette
jum p ed , w ou ld have drow ne d,
/ were m ore responsible, that
no w , you m ay cause a fire.
g . h a d n 't fo rg o tte n , w o u ld have
terrible a ccid e n t w o u ld n 't have
taken, h. h a d n 't d ru n k, w o u ld n 't
happened, f. If you w e re n 't so
have felt, i. had taken, w o u ld n 't
possessive, Tom w o u ld n 't have
a . w on , w ou ld put, b . cheated,
have lost, j. had been, w o u ld n 't
left you g . If w e h a d n 't throw n
w o u ld be, c. d id n 't w ork, w o u ld
have crashed
aw ay that lottery ticket, we w ou ld

be m illio n a ire s now ! h. If you
ge t up, d . locked, w o u ld n 't steal,

e. was / were, w o u ld have,
10
had called an a m b u la n c e earlier,
f. c o u ld , w ou ld prepare,
a . am , will buy, b. were, would
the m an fro m the accid ent w o u ld
g . painted, w ou ld lo o k , h. had,
be able to vote, c. sell, will have,
be alive / be liv in g now.
w o u ld m ake, i. w ere n't, w o u ld
d . h a d n 't gone, w o u ld n 't have
enjoy, j. d id n 't com e, w ou ld
met, e. was / were, w ou ld accept,
14
be, k. were, w ou ld w in, I. w as /
f. h a d n 't driven, w o u ld n 't have
a . were offe re d , w o u ld you
got, g. had known, w o u ld n 't have
take, b. are le a vin g , happens,
gone, h. d id n 't smoke, w ou ld n't
c. h a d n 't been, w o u ld n 't have
have, i. lost, w ould be, j. had,
m a nag ed, d. w ill g o , have,
a. If I had money, I would buy
w ould keep, k. had know n,
e. w ill lend, drive , f. get,
a beautiful present for Mary. b. If
w o u ld n 't hove hired, I. finish, will
g . have, w ill invest, h. is,
the film was / were interesting, we
go
i. w ill op e n , a re given
I g o t a loan, I would buy a new
11
15
flat. d. If John had a car, he would
1. e, 2 . b, 3 . h, 4 . f, 5 . d,
drive you to work. e. If the weather
7 . a,
ere, w ou ld live
w ou ld watch it till the very end. c. If
6. g,
8. c
a. If you ha p p e n to see Ms
Jones, please tell her to com e
to my office, b . If it h a d n 't been
was / were nice, we would go

away for the weekend, f. If I d id n 't
12
fo r John's h e lp , I w o u ld n 't have
pay the bill, they would cut the
a. had told, w ouldn't be, b, had
prepared this presentation,
phone off. g . If I spoke Spanish,
done, w ouldn't have, c. had
c. W e are starting a new
I w ould help you translate this
accepted, w ouldn't have to,
ca m p a ig n next week, os lo n g as
letter, h. If he was / were innocent,
d. was / were, would have given,
o u r M a n a g in g D ire cto r do e sn 't
the police w ouldn't arrest him. i. If
e. had seen, would have, f. had
change his m in d . d . S upposing
I had his phone number, I w ould
paid, w ouldn't have to , g . weren't,
you hod to cho ose, w hich project
invite him to our party, j. If the
w ouldn't have stopped, h. hadn't
w ou ld you pick? e. I w o n 't
teacher was / were more patient,
missed, would be
leave my current jo b unless I am
she w ouldn't shout at the pupils.
offered a b e tte r-p a id one
f.
Let
me know should you decide to
www jezykiobce.pl
di n p o c i q l k u i q c y c h i z a a wa n s o w a n y c h
W IE L K A G R A M A T Y K A J ZY K A A N G IE L S K I*'^ '-'
If o n ly the tickets were still

com e with us. g. You con g o to
Rob's party on condition that
you clean your room and do
your homework, h. If I saw Jane,
I w ould invite her to my party
a . If only they h a d n 't turned

down my a p p lic a tio n , b. If only
a v a ila b le , I w o u ld g o to the IJ2

concert
we were g o ing on h o lid a y this

year. c. If only it w asn't c o ld and
it wasn't snowing d . II o n ly my
21
a . finishes, w ill meet, b. had
fam ily d id n 't live so fa r aw ay
know n, w o u ld n 't have prepared,
from me. e. If only I knew how to
c. were, w o u ld live, d . had had,
unless you finish the project on
change a flat tyro. f. If o n ly Tom
w ou ld have gone, e. knew / had
time. b. You will never lose weight
ha dn't forgotten a b o u t his w ife's
know n, w o u ld send / would have
unless you do sports regularly,
birthday again, g . If only I spoke
sent, f. has, goes, g . d o / did, will
c. We will be late for the concert
a foreign language, h. II only
take / w o u ld take, h. had learnt,
unless we find a taxi. d. Wo will
she w anted to g o o u t with me.
w o u ld bo a b le , i. were, wouldn't
never get there on time unless
i. II only the weather h a d n 't been
lot, j. had helped, w ouldn't be,
it stops snowing, e. She will not
so terrible last w eekend,
k. rains# will stay# I, d id n 't spend,
speak to you unless you apologize
I would win at the lottery,
to her f. You will continue to get
k. If only we had w on the m atch.
high electricity bills unless you
I. II only my sister had visited me
22
start to save power, g. I will never
lor my birthday.
a w e re n 't, b . were, c. would
16
a. You will not get promoted
If only
w o u ld n 't have
protost# d . w o u ld still bo, e. didn't
finish on time unless you help me.

h. I would never ask Tom for help
20
oat, f. w o u ld g o , g . w ouldn't,
unless I had to.
a. I wish I had know n it was his
h. always stay, i. w ould, j. had
birthday/ I w ould have m ade
17
a cake for him If o n ly I had
a. b, b. a , c. b, d . a, e b, F. a,
known it was his birthday,
g . o, h. b
I w ould have m ade a cake lo r
15. Z d a r tia
p rz y d a w k o w e
him. b. I wish I could c ook,
18
I w ould make a d e lic io u s d in n e r
a. I wish I had more free time
lor you If only I c o u ld cook#
a . w h o , b w h ic h , c. w hich,
for my friends b. I wish I had
I w ould make a d e licio u s din ner
d .w h o # e .w h o , f. whose,
bought that lovely green lop.
fo r you c I wish I spoke I nglt&h,
g . whir h# h, w h ic h , i . which#
c. I wish I had told John how
I w ould gel a bolter jo b If only
I felt about him rJ I wish I could
1 w ho , k. which# I.w hoso
I 'tpoke I nglish, I w o u ld gel
cook. e. I wish you w ould stop
a hotter job d. I wish I had
behoving like a childl f We wish
m arried the love o f m y life,
we had a bigger flat g. I wish

the winter was over h I wish you
d id n 't smoke i. W e wish wo had
gone to see the new Polartski
film j We wish wi hod gonis to
Greece lost summer k. I wish
he noticed mo I | wish I earned
a lot of money
2
a . A I )VD pla yer is something
I w ould he happy now , If only

I bad m am od the love o f my
life# I would bo h a p p y now
c .A re m ote c o n tro l is something
ho pnally shot, Spain w ou ld
whic h wo c h a n g * IV < haunch
h a v . w on *hu cha m pio nship.
with d A c a n opener is
II only R um lm , had scored tho
w on tho ch a m p io n sh ip
1.1
wo,I,
ho tickals wore still a v a ila b le ,

'w o u ld g o It, Ihe U 2 c o n c e rt
dto j
b. A c a lc u la to r In something
w h k h helps us count
e I wish Ram iro/ had scored
p o naliy shot, Spain w o u ld hcivo
380
whic h you use to watc h films
, *auwDioworiw-h
Som ething w lm h wo use to Ope"

m etal co n ta in e m
n A printer
som ething whir h w use to

print dc h um orits and photo*
I A ( a rp e n le / in so m eo n e wh
M U
works with w o o d . g . A sow is
is a m e ch a n ic, has a w o rk s h o p
som ething w hich we use to cut
next to the flo rist's, e. People
a. Bob is sleeping on the sofa.
large pieces o f w o o d h. A flig h t
w h o like o p e ra and clossical
b . I was re a d in g a bo ok when
attendant is som ebo dy w h o
m usic w ill de finitely like this b o o k
Jake arrived, c. W e sold o u r old
serves people.
a b o u t V erdi, f. M y father, whose
house, d . T o m o rro w a t five I w ill
h o b b y is co lle c tin g stam ps, likes
be w atch ing TV. e. W e must buy
to spend tim e on his o w n . g . M y
a present fo r Bob. f. I have never
a. b, b . a , c. b, d . a, e. b, f. a ,
son isn 't fe e lin g w ell a g a in ,
been to A rg e n tin a , g . The bills
g . b, h. a
w hich w orries me. h. T h a t man
w ere paid yesterday. / I p a id the
w h o we saw in y o u r g a rd e n was
bills yesterday, h. I have been
just lo o k in g fo r his lo s i cat.
c le a n in g the fla t since
you bought? b. The m an w ho
fell dow n the stairs was taken to
a . b, b . a , c. a , d . a , e. b, f. a,
a . I b o ugh t a bag. b . I b o ugh t
hospital, c. This is the new rin g
g . a, h. b
a bag yesterday, c. I b o u g h t
2 o 'c lo c k .
a . C a n you show m e the dress
M a rk gave me. d . The b o o k I'm
a bag at the sh o p p in g centre,
re a d in g is b o ring . e . T h e d in n e r
T o m prepared was delicious.
1. d, 2 . e, 3 . b, 4 . f, 5 . g ,
f. I fin a lly fo u n d the w atch I lost.
7 . a,
d . I b o u g h t a bag yesterday at
6.
h,
8. c
the s h o p p in g centre, e. I b o u g h t
a b la ck ba g a t the sho ppin g
centre, f. I b o u g h t a bag fo r
g . The w riter w ho was given

an aw ard com es fro m Sweden.
10
m um a t the s h o p p in g centre,
h. The team w hich w on the
a . that, b . O K , c. tha t, d . O K ,
g . I b o u g h t a b la ck suede bag
tournament received a lot of
e. w hich, f. O K , g . O K , h. w hich,
fo r m um . h. Y esterday, I b o u g h t
m oney.
i. O K , j. that
a black suede bag fo r m um at

the s h o p p in g centre (yesterday).
a. where, b. why, c. (-) / w hich,
d.
(-) / w ho , e. w here, f. why,
16. In n e z d a n ia
p o d rz d n e
w here
a . as, b. as lo n g as, c . since,

d . un til, e. w h ile , f. A fter, g . as
g . w here, h. (-) / w ho, i. why,
j.
soon as, h. w henever
a . D id you buy a new bag at
the sales? b . Is M a rk h a n g in g
a. n o n -d e fin in g , b. d e fin in g ,
up a new picture on the w all?
a . since, b . as lo n g as, c. after,
c. n o n -d e fin in g , d . d e fin in g ,
c. D id you de cide to g o to India?
d . w henever, e. un til, f. by the
e. n o n -d e fin in g , f. d e fin in g ,
d . Does Jane like co u n try and
tim e, g . w hereas, h. w h ile ,
g . n o n -d e fin in g , h. n o n -d e fin in g
western music? e. Are you g o in g
i. before, j. as soon as
to have spaghetti B olognese
fo r dinner? f. W as this b o o k
a. Paris, w hich is the cap ital
badly d a m a g e d ? g . H as the film
1.
o f France, is one o f the most
a lre ad y begun? h. D id M a rk
7 . g,
b e a u tifu l E uropean cities, b. The
have to g o to w ork tod ay? i. W as
m e al that we had at the new
m um w ashing the dishes when
Ita lia n restaurant was very g o o d ,
the ph one rang? j. W as Tom
a. w h ere, b. w h ere ve r, c . w h erever,
c. M y b ro th e r g o t pro m o te d ,
angry with his boss?
d. w h ere, e. w h ere ve r, f. w h ere,
w hich is w hat he was w a iting fo r

fo r m onths,
d.
M r G re en, w ho
d, 2 . b, 3 . f, 4. h, 5 . e,
8.
6.
a,
g. w h ere, h. w herever
W I E L K A G R A M A T Y K A J ZYK A A N G IE L S
in order that his fam ily sees him
8
a . Wherever Jim goes, I'll follow
him. b. Wherever Sara goes on
holiday, she complains about
everything, c. This is the place
where the old court building used
to be d . Sydney is the city where
m ore often f. I m anaged to save

some money so that I ca n buy
a laptop, g . Put a w arm jacket
on so as to keep w arm . h. I'm
saving money in order to g o to
Africa one day.
the building where I used to live,

g . Tom is a football maniac - he
13
1. d,
7. a,
up im m e d ia te ly, g . They had

such a lovely ap a rtm e n t that
everybody envied them. h. There
was so m uch ra in in November
that a few tow ns were flooded
18
I would like to live. e. Jell me

where my glasses are. f. This is
that I to ia my son to clean it
a . despite, b . a lth o u g h , c. even
2.e ,
8. c
3 . g , 4 . b , 5.H,
6. f,
if, d . even th o u g h , e. although,

f. despite, g . even though,
h. despite
ploys wherever he can. h. Captain

Sparrow didn't want to tell anyone
14
where the treasure had been
a. Tom is moving to London to
19
hidden.
look for a job, b. M um has quit
a . even th o u g h , b . however,
smoking in order that the kids don t
c. despite / in spite of,
/ won't complain, c. W rite down
d . despite / in spite of,
my phone number, so that you
e . even if, f. a lth o u g h / though
don't forget it. d. W e switched the
/ even th o u g h , g . even though /
TV on to watch the news. e. Bob
a lth o u g h , h . despite / in spite of
1. c, 2 . g, 3 . e, 4 . f, 5 . d. . a,
7 . b,
8. h
10
borrowed a lot of money from
a . had met, b. was / were, c. were,
his friends so that he could buy
20
d . has had, e, knew, f. was / were,
a motorcycle, f. Tom orrow, I'm
1. c, 2 . f, 3 . d , 4 . a, 5 . g, . e,
g. hadn't eaten, h. were
getting up at six in order not to be
7 . h,
8. b
late lor the exam.
11
21
a . Jirn looks as if he was / were
15
a . you d id n 't talk, b. my son was,
sick. b. You look as though
a. so, b. so, c. such, d . such,
C. be, d . you d id n 't play,
som ething terrible has just
o. so, f. so, g so, h such, i. so,
e. to spend, f. the winter ended,
happened, c. ih e y treated me as
j. such
g. o u r neighbours did n 't listen,
if I was crazy, d He spoke as if
h. I d id n 't spend
he had really read that book
16
e . Tina a d s as if she d id n 't like
a . so, b . so, c. so, d . so,
2 2
Tom, but I know it's not true,
e. such, f. so, g . such, h. so
a. I w o u ld rather g o to the
f I am so tired as if I ha dn't slept

17
you knew what war. going on
a It was so w an n that I put
the cin e m a th a n to the thealn*
shorts on b Tom is so sm art
c. W e w o u ld rather go on a tP
that Im cou ld be a politic ion,
than w o rk d. W e would rather
12
CJ. jirn called me in order to invito
m e to the cinema I). We m oved
the party to Saturday so that Torn
can come c. W e've bought a r ur
so os to g o away for weekends
d I'm going to I ranee to learn
I renr ti
38 2
( me mo tha n to the theatre
for weeks g. Stop acting as if
0.
lorn r hanged his jo b
't l i pm /i|lk tj i <11 v |i i firn m m ii
b I w o u ld ra ther we went to
lh* cake was so d e lic io u s that
they w orke d n o t talked
would
I ate two pieces cl. I have so
pio lu r to he a lo n e now h * wcn'M
many problem s that I can' t sleep
prefer it it you d id n 't coll me
M y g ra n d m a is sur;h
a w o n d o ilu l person (hut I can' t
an ym ore i) W h e n I was a thikk
magm lit,, / living w ith o u t hei
1 U"' r0m n
I.
was in suc h a mess
I w o u ld nith o r have oaten swe#*5*

than vegetables, h I would mth*
you d id n 't w atch so mu h IV
KLU C Z D O W IC ZE
2 3
company's money, e. It's time
a. Youd better fake an
you confessed / for you to
umbrella b. You'd better go to
confess that you took the
29
(he dentist, c. He'd better take
envelope, f. It's time we did / for
a. How many players are there
a taxi. d . You'd better ask him
us to do some spring cleaning,
in a volleyball team ? There are 6
first, e. She'd better not spend so
g . It's high time to change our
players in a volleyball team.
much money, f. You'd better tell
/ your lifestyle, h. It's time you
b. How many pupils are there
them the truth, g . You'd better
started / for you to start doing
in the classroom ? There are 2 5
not go there, h. Youd better call
some sports.
pupils in the classroom .
an ambulance.
arm chair in your room ?
c. How many stars are there on

27
the Am erican flag ? There are
24
a. There are many trees in the
5 0 stars on the Am erican flag.
a . It's (high) time for you to g o to
garden, b. There is a plate on
d. How many days are there in
the doctor, b. It's (high) time for
the table, c. There is a lot of
a w eek? There a re seven doys in
him to tell the truth, c. It's (high)
sand on the beach d . There is
a week. e. How m any cars are
time for you to pay me.
no salt in the salt cellar e . There
there in the car p ark? There are
d . It's (high) time for the kids to
are
go to bed. e. It's (high) time for
team. f. There is a train to
f. How much su g ar is there in the
me to eat something, f. It's (high)
Glasgow at five. g . There are 12
bowl? There is only a little sugar
time for you to ask her out. g. It's
months in a year. h. There are
in the bowl. g . H ow many flights
(high) time for her to move out.
many old buildings in my town,
a day are there to London?
h. It's (high) time for us to make
i. There are a few cookies left in
There are 12 flights a day to
a decision.
the jar. . There are some people
London h. How much money is
in front of the house.
there in the w allet? There is no
11
over 100 cars in the car park.
players in a football
money in the w allet.
a. It's high time you took
28
^ responsibility for your actions.
a . There isn't any cheese in the
30
[ b.
fridge. Is there any cheese in
a. doesn't he? b. didn't she?
the fridge? b. There aren't any
c. isn't it? d . don't they? e. have
showed you our surprise, d . It's
flowers in the vase. Are there
you? f. shouldn't we? g. wasn't
high time I went on holiday,
any flowers in the vase? c . There
he? h. won't they? i. isn't he?
e. It's high time the government
isn't a lot of rain in N ovem ber. Is
j. didn't she? k. can't I? I. aren't I?
took action, f. It's time you learnt
there a lot of rain in N ovem ber?
how to use e-m ail. g. It's time
d . There aren't any cars in the
31
M ary went on a diet. h. It's time
car park. Is there a co r in the
a. does he? b. did it? c . am I?
you cleaned up this place!
c a r park? e . There aren 't many
d . are you? e. did they? f. do
books in the library. A re there
they? g. did they? h. will we?
many books in the library?
i. do they? j. is it? k. does she?
f. There isn't a sports centre
I. do we?
It's high time you changed

*ur attitude, c. It's time we
It's high time Tom proposed

/ for Tom to propose to his
in my town. Is there a sports
girlfriend, b. It's time you learnt
centre in your town? g. There
32
/ for you to learn to make
aren't a lot of people in the
1.
sandwiches for yourself.
shopping m all today Are there
7 . d, 8 . b
c. It's time to go to sleep.
a lot of people in the shopping
d . It's high time to tell the
mall today? h. There isn't any
boss that Tom is stealing the
arm ch air in my room . Is there an
v/v/w.|ezykiob<:e |il
f, 2. c, 3. g, 4. e, 5. h,
dla poczqltuiqcych i zaawansowanych
6. a,
383
37
33
a. M ark did w hat? b . You
w ant to buy what? c . The party
a . little, b. h ard ly, c . never,

d . under no circu m stan ces, e . not
only, f. only, g. s o , h . such
is w hen? d . You are m oving

w here? e. You are learning
w hat? f. Jim broke w hat? g . Ja k e
loves w hat? h. W e'll meet
w here? i. Y o u r boss h as fired
w ho? j. Steve does w h at? k. You
want to sell what? I. G re g should
go w here?
38
a. So vivid w as the discussion that
we couldn't calm dow n. b. Such
was the tension that nobody
said a word. c. Seldom have
I heard such kind w ords, d . N o
sooner had I entered the room ,
than I noticed there had been
34
a. So does Jenny, b. So do we.
c. So can my brother, d . So
did Bob and Sally, e. So is
our house, f. So is au n t Betty,
g. So has John. h. S o should

Billy, i. So am I. j. So did I.
a burglary, e. N ot only w as the

country in a finan cial crisis, but
also a political one. f. U nd er no
circumstances ca n you show these
documents to anybody, g. H a d we
known about his past, w e w ou ldn 't
have hired him . h. Little did the
35
police know abo u t the scope o f
a. N either does Luke. b. Neither
that fishy business.
did w e. c. N either w a s Kate.
d. Neither did my friends.
39
e. N either does my d a d .
a. did I no tice, b . d o e s it
f. N either have w e. g. N either
h ap p en , c. had the b o o k b een
am I. h. N either should you.
published, d. you sp e a k , e. a re
i. N either do we. j. N either does
you to lend, f. w a s I, g . did he
my husband.
d ecid e, h. did I realize
36
a. Jim was late for the exam.
So was I. b. I do n't want to go
to the cinema. Neither does
Tina. c. I can't swim. Neither
can my sister, d. We haven't
seen that film. Neither have
our friends, e. My grandma
lives in the countryside. So do
we. f. My husband doesn't like
Chinese food. Neither do I.
g. Jenny is vegetarian. So are
her parents, h. Tom shouldn't
ploy with matches. Neither
should you.
<11 poczqtkujqcych i zaawonsowonych
Lista czasownikw nieregularnych

p" "
B e io k o fic z n ik
- In fin itiv e
F o rm a c z a su
P a st S im p le
-------------Im ies w czasu

p rz e sz e g o p a st p articip le
~~
0*
was / were
been
b *y
b o re
bom (e)
P o lsk ie zn o cze n ie
wytrzymywa, znoa,
rodzi
boot
beat
beaten
uderza
become
becam e
becom e
stawa s, zostawa
kim
begm
began
begun
zaczyna
Oend
bent
bent
zg, schyli si
bid fbode)
bid (bidden)
bind
bo und
bound
przywiza, zobowiza

--J
bte
bit
bitten
ugry
bleed
bled
bled
krwawi
blew
blown
wio, dm ucha
breoir
broke
broken
zama (si), stuc ($>)
bring
b roug ht
brought
przynie
broadcast
broadcast(ed)
broadcast(ed)
build
built
built
budowa
bum
burnt (burned)
burnt (burned)
pali, spali, parzy
burst
burst
burst
pka eksplodowa
buy
bought
bought
kupowa
con
could
*been able to
mc, potrai
co<b
caught
caught
apa
choose
chose
chosen
wybiera
com e
come
come
przychodzi
cost
cos
cost
kosztowa
creep
crept
crept
skrada s. peza
cut
cut
cut
t i, kroi
ww-. .jMyfcieta pi
oferow a, licytowo,
wymaga
em itowa,
rozpowszechnia
dla poctqtfc.u.(qcvc h ja o w n si .wanych
385
mie do czynienia,
dealt
deal
dug
dig
did
do
dream t (dreamed)
dream
dealt
radzi sobie z czym*
du g
ko p a (w ziemi)
done
ro b i
dream t (dreamed)
ni, morzy
drunk
pie
driven
prow adzi pojazd
eaten
je
fallen
upa, spada
drink
drank
drive
drove
eot
ae
fall
fell
feed
fed
fed
karm i
feel
felt
felt
czu
fight
fought
fou gh t
walczy
find
found
fo u n d
znale
flee
fled
fled
ucieka
flew
flow n
lata
forbid
forbade
forbidd en
zakaza
forget
forgot
forgotten
zapom nie
forgive
forgave
forgiven
wyboczy
freeze
froze
frozen
zam arza, zomraza
9*
got
got
dostaw a
gtve
gave
given
daw a
went
g o ne
pojecha
grew
grow n
rosn, upfG^fO
hung (hanged'
hung (hanged)
wiesza (se)
'grov.
00<rhtu>qcc*
jf> p 9 t*
T
C Z A S O W N IK I N IER EG U LAR N E
kneel
know
lay
knelt (kneeled)
knew
laid
led
leant (leaned)
known
______ [la id
koi
1led
prowadzi, dowodzi
______ [leant (leoned)
leapt (leoped)
learn
learnt (learned)
learnt (learned)
left
left
v lend
klcze
wiedzie, zna
le a p
leave
knelt (kneeled)
leapt (leaped)
pochyla si, opiero

skoczy, podskoczy,
wzbi si
uczy s, dowiedzie s
wyjeda, opuszcza
lent
lent
poryczo komu*
let
let
let
po/w ola, wynoimowo
lie
lay
lam
lee
light
lit
lit
zapaa
lose
lost
lost
ig u * , ttro a
make
m ode
mode
zrobi
mean
m eant
meant
mie zooczeme, mie

na m yili
meet
met
met
spotka
mow
mowed
m own (mowed)
kos
pay
paid
paid
ptoci
put
pot
put
ktai, umieszcza
quit
q u it
quit
rezygnowa, przesta
c o i robd
read
read
reod
czyta
nde
rode
ridden
nng
rang
rung
dzwoni, telefonowa
n$e
rose
nsen
p o d n o s i, wzrasio,
rosn
run
ran
rpn
bsego
sav
sa;d
t sad
see
sow
seen
w~dz.-e, zobaczy
seek
sought
sought
szuko, staro s*
W je iyko b ce p i
echo (rowerem,
konno)
pow.edz-e, mwi
'.a pccz-3*- :
ioowoftsowofcr*
387
W IE L K A K A W M i i
soll
send
' -
sold
sont
sold
sprzedaw a
sent
wysya
ustaw ia, nastawia,
sot
sot
sow
sewed
shoke
shook
shine
shone
sot
u k a d a , ustanawio
sewn (sewed)
szy
shaken
potrzsn
shone
wieci
shot
strzela
shoot
shot
show
showed
shown
pokazyw a
shrink
shrank
shrunk
kurczy, skuli si
shut
shut
shut
zam yka
Sing
sang
sung
piew a
sit
sat
sat
siad a, sadza
sleep
slept
slept
spa
slide
slid
slid
w suw a, osuwaC si
smell
Smelt (smelled)
sm elt (smelled)
w c h a , pachnie
sow
sowed
sown (sowed)
sia
speak
spoke
spoken
m w k
spell
spelt (spelled)
spelt (spelled)
lite ro w a
spend
spent
spent
388
''wviMinwanyi I,
rozm a w ia
spdza (czas),
w yd a w a (pienidze)
C Z A S O W N IK I NIEREG ULARNE
stonk
stunk
sinke
struck
struck
yôr
sw orn
sworn
przysiga, k!q
iWOP
sw ept
swept
zam iata
v//im
sw am
swum
pywa
*,wing
sw ung
swung
koysa si, huta si
tokn
tool-
taken
bra
lnach
ta u g h t
taught
uczy kogo
fnor
tore
torn
rwa, rozerwa
leli
told
to ld
powiedzie, opow iada
think
th o u g h !
thought
myle
throw
threw
throw n
rzuca
Ihruit
thrust
thrust
pchn
u n d e rsto o d
understood
rozumie
understand
woke
w oke
flink
mierdzie
uderza, atakow o,
strajkowa
woken
mie na sobe, nosi
/ wem
w ore
wwnp
wnpt
writ
wet (wetted)
win
w on
w orn
(ubranie, okulary)
nakrca. now*|O.
w ind
w rit
wound
wrote
w ound
written
zawi{O
ptso
INDEKS
c o u ld 2 4 6 - 2 4 9
c o u n ta b le no uns 19
a / an - przedim ek n ie o kre lo n y 1 2 - 1 4
able to 2 4 7 - 2 5 0
adjectives - p rzym iotn iki 6 6 - 74 , 145
adverbs - przyswki 7 5 - 8 5
czas Future C o n tin u o u s 2 3 6 - 2 3 9

czas Future P erfect 2 4 0
czas Future P erfect C o n tin u o u s 242
czas Future S im p le 2 2 3 , 2 2 5 , 2 2 7 , 2 3 1 , 237
a fte r 115, 120, 142, 2 1 5
262, 26 5, 276, 284, 302
a ll 99
czas Past C o n tin u o u s 1 8 9 - 192, 2 6 5 , 289,
a lre a d y 20 2 - 20 7
313-314
a lth oug h 3 3 8
czas Past P erfect 2 1 4 - 2 1 6 , 2 2 1 , 2 6 5 , 293,
alw ays 198
306,3 08,3 13-314,332,352
anoth er 106 - 110
czas Past P erfect C o n tin u o u s 2 1 1 , 219, 221,
a n y 93 - 94
265, 3 0 6 ,3 1 3 - 3 1 4
a ro u n d 131 - 132
czas Past S im ple 1 7 9 - 1 8 2 , 187, 192, 195,
articles - a / an / the 9 - 1 4
as ... as 71 - 72, 80
2 0 2 , 2 0 5 , 2 1 5 - 2 1 6 , 2 6 5 , 280, 308,313
a t 115, 1 2 5 - 1 2 6
- 3 1 4 , 352
auxiliary verbs - czasow niki po siko w e 3 8
czas Present C o n tin u o u s 1 6 9 - 176, 189, 192,

227, 233, 237, 287
czas Present P erfe ct 1 18 , 1 9 5 - 2 0 5 , 211,
216, 2 2 1 ,2 6 5 , 293
czas Present Perfect C o n tin u o u s 1 18, 208 - 211,

bare infinitive 6 0 , 22 3, 2 4 6 , 3 4 0
221,265,277
be - czasownik posikowy 3 8 , 42 - 45 , 170, 189

before 120
czas Present S im p le 1 6 2 - 2 6 5 ,
1 74
179, 2 3 3 , 2 6 5 , 2 7 8
behind 124, 130
c z a s o w n ik - fo rm y 3 7
better (you'd better) 3 4 0 - 341
c z a s o w n ik i fra z o w e 5 4 - 5 5
bezokolicznik 5 9 - 60 , 160
c z a s o w n ik i m o d a ln e 6 0 , 2 4 6 - 2 6 2 , 264, 302,
bezokolicznik - czasowniki z bezokoliczn ikie m

59
bezokolicznik - fo rm y czasow nika
37
both 106, 1 0 8 - 1 0 9
304, 306, 310

c z a s o w n ik i p o s ik o w e 3 8 - 4 7
c z a s o w n ik i z b e z o k o lic z n ik ie m 59
c z a s o w n ik i z fo r m -in g 5 8
by 121, 124, 130
c z a s o w n ik i z fo r m -;n g lu b z bezokolicznikiem
60
c z a s o w n ik i z p rz y im k a m i 141 - 145
calculations 157
con 247 - 24 9, 2 5 4 , 26 5
can't 254
cardinal numerals 1 49 collective nouns 21

comparative 67
conditional sentences
390
- 176,
151
299
dla
PPc*q ^ u jq c y c h j zoaw ansow anych
defining relative clauses 3 2 2

definite article the 9
demonstrative determiners 1 13
demonstrative pronouns 1 1 3
despite 3 3 8
INDEKS
determiners 8 6 , 9 0 , 1 0 6 , 113
distributive determ iners 1 0 6
distributive pronouns 106
do - cza so w n ik p o siko w y 3 8 - 3 9 , 162
do i moke - p o r w n a n ie 5 2
I
if only 3 1 4
imperatives 1 5 9 - 1 6 0
In 1 1 5 - 1 1 6 , 1 2 4 - 1 2 5
in case 3 1 0
in spite o f 3 3 8
indefinite article a / an 1 2 - 1 4
E
each 9 3 , 9 8
echo questions 3 4 8
either 1 0 6 , 1 0 8
e ith e r ... or 1 0 8
even though 3 3 8
ever / never 1 9 8
every 9 3
indefinite pronouns 102 - 103

infinitive 3 7 , 5 8 - 5 9
-ing - czasow niki z form q -ing 5 8
-in g - form y czasow nika 3 7 , 1 6 9 - 1 70,
1 8 9 - 190, 2 0 8 , 2 1 9 , 2 3 6 , 2 4 2
intensive pronouns 1 1 0 - 1 1 1
interrogative pronouns 104
intransitive verbs 2 7 7
in w e rsja czaso w nika 351 - 3 5 2
irregular verbs 3 8 5 - 3 8 9
F
few / a fe w 9 3 , 9 6 , 3 4 4
for 1 1 8 , 1 9 7
J
Iust 2 0 2 - 2 0 3
form a d z ie r a w c z a 's 3 4 - 3 5
from 1 2 0
Future Continuous 2 3 6 - 2 3 9
Future Perfect 2 4 0
Future Perfect Continuous 2 4 2
konstrukcja z o f - w yraan ie przynalenoci 3 5
Future Simple 2 2 3 , 2 2 5 ,2 2 7 , 2 3 1 , 2 3 7 , 2 6 2 ,
kw antyfikatory 93
265, 276, 284, 302
G
lately 199
gender 3 2
let 159
g e n itiv e 's 3 4 - 3 5
ticzba m noga - rzeczowniki posiadajce tylko
gerund 3 7 , 5 8 , 2 3 6 , 2 4 2
go in g to 2 2 7 - 2 3 3 , 291
liczb m nog 2 9 - 3 0
liczba mnoga rzeczownikw 1 9 - 2 4
liczba m noga rzeczownikw - rzeczowniki
niepoliczalne 2 3 - 24
liczba m noga rzeczownikw - rzeczowniki

policzalne 21
have - czasownik posikow y 46 - 48 , 195, 214
liczba m noga rzeczownikw obcego
have i have g o t - po r w n a n ie 48
pochodzenia 2 7 - 2 8
liczba m noga rzeczownikw zoonych 28
have to 2 5 4 - 25 5
high (it's high time) 342

however 3 3 8
liczebniki 149 - 157

liczebniki - dziaania matematyczne 157
d la p o c z tk u j c y c h i z a a w a n s o w a n y c h
w w w . ie z y lc io b e e . p l
391
o k re ln ik i rozdzielcze 1 0 6 - 1 0 8
liczebniki gw ne 149 - 151
liczebniki porzdkow e 153 - 154
liczebniki w ielokrotne 156
liczebniki w ielorakie 156
lifte / a liftle 96
o k re ln ik i w ska zu j ce 113
on 1 1 5
ordinal numerals 14 9 - 151
other(s) / the others 10 6 - 107
ought to 2 4 6 , 2 6 0
over 1 3 0
<2
! < !!
make i do - porw nanie 52

many 93 , 95
may 251 - 2 5 2 , 265
might 251 - 2 5 2 , 265
mixed conditionals 30 8
modal verbs 60, 24 6 - 2 6 2 , 2 6 4 , 3 0 2 , 3 0 4 ,
passive voice 276 - 2 7 7

Past Continuous 1 8 9 - 1 9 2 , 2 6 5 , 289,
313-314
past participle 3 7 , 4 8 , 19 5, 21 4, 2 4 0 , 276,

306
306,310
m ow a zalena - pytania 269
m o w a zalena - tryb rozkazujcy, sugestie,
Past Perfect 2 1 4 - 2 1 6, 2 2 1 , 2 6 5 , 293, 306,

3 0 8 , 313 - 314, 332, 352
Past Perfect Continuous 21 1, 2 1 9 , 221, 265,
propozycje 271
m ow a zalena - zdania twierdzce 26 7 - 2 6 8
much 93, 95
multiplicative numerals 156
must 25 4 - 2 5 5 , 257
mustn't 257
N
nastpstwo czasw 264 - 2 6 5
need 257
needn't 257
neither 93, 106
neither ... nor 108
never / ever 197
306, 3 1 3 - 3 1 4
Past Simple 1 7 9 - 182, 18 7, 19 2, 195, 202,

2 0 5 , 2 1 5 - 2 1 6 , 2 6 5 , 2 8 0 , 308,
3 1 3 - 3 1 4 , 352
personal pronouns 86 - 87
phrasal verbs 5 4 - 5 5
possessive determiners 9 0 - 9 1
possessive pronouns 9 0 - 9 1
Present Continuous 16 9 - 17 6, 189, 192, 227,
233, 237, 287
Present Perfect 1 1 8 , 1 9 5 - 2 0 5 , 2 1 1 , 2 1 6 ,
2 2 1 . 2 6 5 , 293
Present Perfect Continuous 118, 20 8 - 2 1 1 ,

2 2 1 .2 6 5 , 277
Present Simple 162 - 2 6 5 , 174 -
no 99
non-defining relative clauses 3 2 3

none 99
nouns 1 9 - 3 5
numerals 149 - 157
1 76,
233, 2 6 5 ,2 7 8
prepositions 11 5 - 1 2 6
prepositions of movement 1 2 4 126
prepositions of place 124 - 12 6
prepositions of time 1 1 5 - 1 1 7
pronouns 86 - 8 7 , 9 0 , 1 0 2 , 104, 106, 110,
113-114
provided 2 9 8 , 3 1 0
object pronouns 87
p rz e d im e k - uycie 9 - 2 0
okrelnik dzierawczy 90
p rz e d im e k n ie o kre lo n y a / an 1 2 - 1 4
okrelnik ilociowy
93
p rz e d im e k o kre lo n y the 9
p rzyim ki 1 15 - 12 6
d ' pocz<J,ltU|qcych , zaawansowanych
179,
rze czo w n iki z p rz y im k a m i 1 3 8 - 14 0
przyimki czasu 1 1 5 - 1 2 1
rze czo w n iki z o o n e - liczb a m n o g a 2 8
przyimki kierunku 1 2 4 - 1 2 6
przyimki miejsca 1 2 4 - 1 2 6
przymiotnik - kolejno w z d a n iu 73
przymiotnik - stopie najwyszy 6 9
przymiotnik - stopie niszy i najniszy 71

przymiotnik - stopie wyszy 6 7
przymiotnik - sto p n io w a n ie n ie re g u la rn e 70
przymiotnik - sto p n io w a n ie proste i op isow e
67
przym iotniki z przyim ka m i 145
przynaleno - fo rm a dzieraw cza 's 3 4
35
say w m o w ie zalenej 2 7 3
sequence of tenses 2 6 4 - 2 6 5
shall 2 2 5
should 260, 3 1 0
since 11 5, 118, 197
so 8 4
przynaleno - kon strukcja z of 35
some 9 3
przyswek - fo rm a 75
sto p ie najwyszy p rz y m io tn ik a 6 9
przyswek - rola i pozycja w zda niu 78
sto p ie niszy i na jniszy p rz y m io tn ik a 71
przyswek - sto p n io w a n ie 8 0
sto p ie wyszy p rz y m io tn ik a 6 7
przyswek z czasow nikam i look, feel 82
s to p n io w a n ie - p rz y m io tn ik 6 7 - 70
s to p n io w a n ie przys w ka 8 0
s tro n a b ie rn a - c z a so w n iki say, believe, suppose
295
stro n a b ie rn a - czasy c i g e 2 8 7
stro n a b ie rn a - czasy perfect 2 9 3
quantifiers 93 - 100
uestion tags 346
stro n a b ie rn a - czasy proste 2 7 8 - 2 8 4

stro n a b ie rn a - get + im ie s w 2 9 7
stro n a b ie rn a - going to 291
rather (I'd rather) 78, 3 4 0

recently 199
reciprocal pronouns 110 - 111
reflexive pronouns 1 1 0 - 1 1 1
relative clauses 31 7 - 32 5
relative pronouns 114
repeating numerals 156
reported speech 2 6 4 - 2 7 3
rodzaj rzeczow nika 32
rodzaj eski rzeczow nikw - tw orzenie 32
rzeczownik - liczba m n o g a 19 - 24
rzeczownik - ro dzaj 32
rzeczownik - tw orzenie ro d z a ju eskiego 32
rzeczowniki n ie p o licza ln e 2 3 - 2 4
rzeczowniki ob ce g o p o ch o d ze n ia - liczba
m n oga 27 - 28
rzeczowniki po licza lne
21
rzeczowniki p o sia d a j ce ty lk o liczb m n o g
subject pronouns 8 6 - 8 7
such 8 3 , 113
superlative 6 9
suppose 3 10
szyk z d a n ia 3 2 6
T
tell w m o w ie zalenej 2 7 3
than 71
the - p rz e d im e k o k re lo n y
there is / there are 3 4 4
though 338
through 133
to 128
towards 133
try b ro zka zu j cy
czaso w nik let 159
p rz e c z e n ia 16 0
tw ie rd z e n ia 16 0
29-30
ie z y k i o b c e . p l
d lo p o cz tk u j c y c h i z a o w a n o w o n y e h
L, < ; , T V K J ( K N<5' i t 5 K , G O
z
u
z a d a n ia w a ru n k o w e - typ d ru g i 303
uncountable nouns 23 - 24
under 130
unless 3 11
until 120
used to 187
unmarked plural 29
z a im e k d z ie r a w c z y 9 3 - 9 9
z a im e k ilo c io w y 8 6 - 8 7
z a im e k o so b o w y 8 6 - 8 7
z a im e k o so b o w y w fu n k c ji d o p e n ie n ia 87
z a im e k o so b o w y w fu n k c ji p o d m io tu 8 6
z a im k i e m fa ty c z n e 1 10
z a im k i n ie o k re lo n e 1 02
z a im k i p y ta jn e 104
z a im k i ro z d z ie lc z e 106
verb complementation 59 - 63
verbs 3 7 - 6 2
z a im k i w s k a z u j c e
z a im k i w z a je m n e
1 13
110
z a im k i w z g l d n e 1 1 4
z a im k i zw ro tn e 1 1 0
z d a n ia o k o lic z n ik o w e ce lu 3 3 4
z d a n ia o k o lic z n ik o w e c z a s u 3 2 9
who 3 1 6 - 3 1 7
whom 3 1 6 - 3 1 7
z d a n ia o k o lic z n ik o w e m ie js c a 331
whose 3 1 6 - 3 1 7
z d a n ia o k o lic z n ik o w e p rz y z w o le n ia
will 223 - 2 2 5 , 231, 23, 236, 262

wish 313
z d a n ia o k o lic z n ik o w e p o r w n a n ia 338
though,
although, however, despite, in spite of 338
-339
z d a n ia o k o lic z n ik o w e sku tk u (w yn iko w e) 336
z d a n ia o k o lic z n ik o w e sp o so b u 3 3 2
z d a n ia p rz y d a w k o w e - sp jn ik i
yet 202
where, why,
what 321
z d a n ia p rz y d a w k o w e - z a im k i w zg l d n e
who
(whom), which, that, whose 3 1 7

z d a n ia p rz y d a w k o w e defining 3 2 2
z d a n ia p rz y d a w k o w e non-defining 3 2 3
z d a n ia w a ru n k o w e - m ie s z a n e 3 0 8
z d a n ia w a ru n k o w e - sp jn ik i
in case , suppose,
provided 3 1 0
z d a n ia w a ru n k o w e - typ p ie rw sz y 3 0 2
z d a n ia w a ru n k o w e - typ trze ci 3 0 6
z d a n ia w a ru n k o w e - typ ze ro w y 3 0 0
zero
394
d l a p o c z t k u j c y c h z o o w a n SOw o n y c h
article 1 5 - 1 6

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WIELKA GRAMATYKA

1.1. Przedim ek o k re lo n y the ......................

1.2. P rzedim ek n ie o kre lo n y a, an ..............

1 .3. Brak p rz e d im k a .........................................................................................

2 .1 . Liczba m n o g a rze czow nikw ...............................

2 .1 .2 . Rzeczow niki n ie p o lic z a ln e

2 .1 .3 . Liczbo m n o g a rze czo w n ik w o b c e g o p o ch o d ze n ia .......................................................... 2 7

2 .1 .5 . Rzeczow niki p o s ia d a j c e tylko liczb m n o g ...................................................................... 2 9

+ b e zo ko liczn ik (bez zm iany znaczenia) .................... 6 0

4 .1 .2 . S to p ie najwyszy p rzym io tn ika ................................................................................................ 69

6 .1 .1 . Zaim ek w funkcji podm iotu ........................................................

6.2. Zaimki i okrelniki d zie ra w cze .............................................. .......................................................

6 .3 . Zaimki i okrelniki ilociowe - kwantyfikatory ........................................

6 .3 . 1 . som e & ony' ..................................................................

6 .3 .3 . (a) few & (a) lit t le .......................................................................................

6 .3 .4 . every & e a c h ...........................................................................................

6 .3 .5 . Inne okrelniki ilociowe .........................................................................

6 .4 . Zaimki nieokrelone ....................................................................

6 .6 . Zaimki i okrelniki rozdzielcze ................................................................

6 .6 .2 . another, the other(s) & other(s) ....................................................................

6.6.3 . Konstrukcje e ithe r.... o r... / n either... n o r... / bo/h... o n d .......................................

6 .8 . Zaimki zwrotne i emfatyczne ........................................................

6.9. Zaimki i okrelniki wskazujce ............................................

6 .10 . Zaimki wzgldne .......................................................

7.1.2. Przyimki for, s /n c e ................, .........................................

7.2. Przyimki miejsca i kierunku ...............................

7.2.1. Przyimki on, at, i n ..............................................................................

PCSt' thrOUgil' iow ards' UP> dow n itp

7.4. Rzeczowniki z przyimkami ....................................

7.6. Przymiotniki z przyimkami ... ......................................................................................................

8 2 t l a t f 9' 6wne " ,0,m y 1 ^ s t o s o w a n i a " ! ! " " ! ........................................................... M 9

9- Tryb ro zka zujcy

9 4 Kon r zkaz,Ji':ic'' w przeczonioch

10. Czasy .................................................................................................................................................. 162

1 0 .1 .1 . F o rm a tw ierdzca, przeczenia i pytania ........................................................................ 162

1 0 .2 .3 . C za so w n iki, ktre nie wystpuj w czasie Present C o n tinu o u s ............................... 1 74

10.4. Czas przeszy Past C o n tin u o u s ..................................................................................................... 189

1 0 .4 .3 . P orw na n ie czasw Past S im ple i Past C o n tin u o u s .................................................... 192

1 0 .9 .3 . C zasow nik s h a ll ..................................................................................................................... ^ 2 5

1 0 .1 0 .2 . Zastosow anie .............................................................................................................. ........

10 11. Czas przyszy Future C ontinuous

10.12. Czas Future P e rfe c t....................... ............_*......................................................................

10.12.2. Zastosowanie czasu Future P e rfe c t..........................................................................

10.13. Czas Future Perfect C ontinuous ...................

10.13.1. Forma twierdzca, przeczenia i pytania ..................................................................... 242

10.14. Czasy - wiczenia podsum owujce ....................................................................................... 244

1 1 .3 . Must, have to ................................................................................................................................. 2 j4

1 1.6 . W ill ..................................................................................................................................................... 262

12. Nastpstwo czasw i mowa zalena .......................................................................................264

12.3. Pytania w mowie zalenej .........................................................................................................

12.4. Tryb rozkazujcy, sugestie, propozycje w m owie zalenej ....................................................

13. Strona bierna .............................................................................................................................. 2/6

13.2.1. Strona bierna czasu Present C o n tin u o u s ......................................................................

13.2.2. Strona bierna czasu Past C ontinuous ........................................................................... ^

13.4. Tworzenie strony biernej czasw p e rfe c t................................................................................. 293

14.2. Zdania warunkowe - typ pierwszy

14.3. Zdonia w a ru n k o w e -ty p d r u g i

Zd0ni0 " 0,JnliO,ve 1 "

sP inikam i: in osej s u p ^ s e , p ro v id e d itp 7 7

dlo pocxqtkujqcych i zaawansowanych

14.7. K onstrukcja unless .....................

14.8. Z dania z czasownikiem wish .................

1 4.1 0 . Z d an ia w arunkow e - wiczenia podsum owujce ................................................................3 1 6

15.1. Zaimki w zgldne w zdaniach przydawkowych who (whom ), which, that, w h o s e