ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I Ashish Katoch student of B.Tech, C.T. Institute of Management,

Shahpur, Jalandhar, feel immense pleasure in presenting the seminar on

the topic ‘Drug Addition’. I have put in all my efforts to make this seminar

complete in all respect.

I have done my level best and have tried with my sincere efforts to do full

justice with the topic, but there would be quite injustice on my part if I fail to

mention the most creditable person whose involvement has made possible

to make this Project Report, Lecturer Kamal Dhillon they timely

encouragement and guidance has really been the motivating factor for me.

Therefore, I would like to thank them for their concern and guidance which

are invaluable according to me.

Ashish Katoch

Roll No. 7991115647

 CONTENTS

2 An introduction to Drug Addiction

3 Characteristics of Drug Addiction

4 Causes of Drug Addiction

5 Types of Drugs and there effects

6 Signs and symptoms of Drug Addicts

7 Drug Addictions – In teenagers

8 How to recognize drug abuse in teenagers?

9 Steps to prevent the use of drugs among teenagers

10 Addiction treatment – Past and present

11 Time period taken for recovery

12 Conclusions

Bibliography
 WHAT IS DRUG ADDICTION

An Introduction

The word ‘Drug’ has been derived from a Fresh word “Drogue” which

means a dry herb. These are organic or inorganic substance which when

taken produces an effect on body.

When people hear the world drug addict, the words have negative feeling

and stigmas attached to them. People visualize a person who does not

care about anything including family, work or commitments except for

obtaining money to buy drugs. However, there are many people who are

drug addicts that maintain a normal functioning life.

DEFINITION OF DRUG ADDICTION

According to world health organization

“Drug addiction is a State of Periodic or Chronic intoxication produced by

the repeated consumption of drug”.

DEFINITION OF ADDICTION

According to George. F. Koob

“Addiction is a compulsion to take a drug without control over he intake

and chronic relapse disorder”.

However, there are certain misconceptions about drug addicts. Once it

was thought a person was drug addict or alcoholic only if he needed that

drug daily or if the event through some withdrawal symptoms like vomiting,
sneezing, death etc. when the stopped using the substance. It was though

that alcoholic and drug addicts were unemployed, poor and from the inner

city. But this is not true. Many drug addicts do not experience physical

withdrawal symptoms when they stop using it. The majority of addicted

people are employed and appear to be functioning normally.

 CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUG ADDICTION

1. Loss of Control

The user cannot predict what will happen when he uses the substance.

One day he may be able to stop after one drink, or after one line of

cocaine, the next day he may not be able to control his use at all.

2. Compulsive Preoccupation

The addict spends a great deal of time thinking about the substance.

3. Continued use despite negative consequences

If drinking or drug use causes problems but one continues to do it one is

tempting addiction or is already addicted. The person has lost voluntary

control on the use of that substance.

 CAUSES OF ADDICTION

There has been a controversy over the causes of addiction. Historically it

was thought that addiction was caused by

13 Lack of willpower

14 Poverty

15 Moral weakness

16 Mental illness

17 Genetics

18 Family socialization

19 Anti-social personalities

20 Societal problems

Some scientists believed that drug addiction is a disease although the

evidence to support this theory is weak.

Main 3 causes of drug addiction

1. The Drug

Some drugs are more addictive than others. This is due to the

pharmacology of the substance and how it affects the mood of the user.

2. The Addict

People who have low. Self concepts, who feel bad about themselves have

a higher rate of addiction. People with low self concepts user psychoactive

substances either to enhance or create pleasure in their lives, or to

decrease the constant emotional pain they live. The better a person feel

about himself, the less likely he will be to use or abuse psychoactive

substance. A society that has easy access to drugs, that has a population

that is “addiction prove” due to physical or emotional pain, and that has

unclear norms, is a society prone to addiction.

3. The Environment

In our bio-chemical society, we hear mixed messages about the use of

psychoactive drugs. Some, such as alcohol and tobacco are accepted,

while use of hard drugs is condemned. Some drug use is glamorized in

the media, while different parts of the country have different standards for

public intoxification. All this makes it easier for people to accept drug use

as normal.
 TYPES OF DRUGS AND THERE EFFECTS

1. Cannabis

All forms of cannabis have negative physical and mental effects. Several

regularly observed physical effects of cannabis are a substantial increase

in the heart rate, bloodshot eyes, a dry mouth and throat, and increased

appetite.

Use of cannabis may impair or reduce short-term memory and

comprehension, alter sense of time, and reduce ability to perform tasks

requiring concentration and coordination, such as driving a car. Motivation

and cognition may be altered, making the acquisition of new information

difficult.

Type What is it called? What does it look How is it used?

like?
Marijuana Pot, Reefer, Grass, Like dried parsley, Smoked or eaten
Wd, Dope and with stems and/ or
Ganja seeds; rolled into
cigarettes
Hashish Hash Brown or black Smoked or eaten
cakes or balls
Hashish Oil Hash Oil Concentrated Smoked – mixed
syrupy liquid varying
with tobacco
in color from clear to
black
2. Inhalants

The immediate negative effects of inhalants include, nausea, sneezing,

coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, lack of coordination, and loss of appetite.

Solvents and aerosol sprays also decrease the heart and respiratory rates

and impair judgment. Amyl and butyl nitrite cause rapid pulse, headaches,

and involuntary passing of urine and feces. Long-term use may result in

hepatitis or brain damage.

Deeply inhaling the vapour, or using large amounts over a short time, may

result in disorientation, violent behavior, unconsciousness, or death. High

concentration of inhalants can cause suffocation by displacing the oxygen

in the lungs or by depressing the central nervous system to the point that

breathing stops.

Long-term use can causing weight loss, fatigue, electrolyte imbalance, and

muscle fatigue. Repeated sniffing of concentrated vapors over time can

permanently damage the nervous system.

Type What is it called? What does it look like? How is it

used?
Nitrous Laughing gas or Small 8-gram metal Vapors
Oxide Whippets cylinder sold with a inhaled
balloon or pipe
propellant for whipped
cream in aerosol spray
can
Amyl Poppers or Snappers Clear yellowish liquid Vapors
Nitrite inhaled
Butyl Rush, Bold, Bullet, In small bottles Vapors
Nitrite Locker Room, and inhaled
Climax

3. Cocaine

Cocaine stimulates the central nervous system. Its immediate effects

include dilated pupils and elevated blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory

rate, and body temperature. Occasional use can cause a stuffy or runny

nose, while chronic use can ulcerate thee mucous membrane of the nose.

Injecting cocaine with contaminated equipment can cause AIDS, hepatitis,

and other diseases. Preparation of freebase, which involves the use of

volatile solvents, can result in death or injury from fire or explosion.

Cracks or freebase rock is extremely addictive, and its effects are felt

within 10 seconds. The physical effects include dilated pupils, increased

pulse rate, elevated blood pressure, insomnia, loss of appetite, tactile

hallucinations, paranoia, seizure. The use of cocaine can cause death by

cardiac arrest or respiratory failure.

 Type What is it called? What does it look like? How is it
used?
Cocaine Coke, snow, nose White crystalline powder Inhaled,

candy, flake, blow, injected

big C, lady, white

and snowbirds
Crack Crack, rock, freebase White to tan pellets or Smoked

cocaine crystalline rocks that

look like soap

4. Other Stimulants

Stimulants can cause increased and respiratory rates, elevated blood

pressure, dilated pupils and decreased appetite. In addition, users may

experience sweating, headache, blurred vision, dizziness, sleeplessness,

and anxiety. Extremely high does can cause a rapid or irregular heartbeat

tremors, loss of coordination, and even physical collapse. An amphetamine

injection creates a sudden increase in blood pressure that can result in

stroke, very high fever, or heart failure.

In addition to the physical effects, users report feelings restless, anxious,

and moody. Higher doses intensify the effect. Persons who use larger

amount of amphetamines over a long period of time can develop an

amphetamine psychosis that includes hallucination, delusions, and

paranoia. These symptoms usually disappears when drug use ceases.

 Type What is it called? What does it look How is it
like? used?
Amphetamines Speed, uppers, Capsules, pills, Taken orally,
Ups, black tablets injected,
beauties, Pep pills, inhaled
Copilots,
Bumblebees,
Hearts,
Benzedrine,
Dexedrine,
Footballs and
Biphetamine
Additional Ritalin, cylert, Pills or capsules Taken orally,
stimulants prludin, didrex, pre- injected
state, voranil,
sandrex and
plegine

5. Depressants

The effects of depressants are in many ways similar to the effects of

alcohol. Small amounts can produce calmness and very relaxed muscles,

but larger does can cause slurred speech, staggering gait, and altered

perception. Very large does can cause respiratory depression, coma, and

death. The combination of depressant and alcohol can multiply the effects

of the drugs, increasing the risks.

Regular use of depressant over time can result in physical and

psychological addiction. People who suddenly stop taking large doses can
experience withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety, insomnia, tremors,

delirium, convulsion, and death. Babies born to mother who abuse

depressants may also be physically dependent on the drugs and show

withdrawal symptoms shortly after they are born. Birth defect and

behavioral problems also may result.

Type What is it called? What does it look How is it

like? used?
Barbiturates Dpwners, barbs, Red, yellow, blue, or Taken orally
blud devils, red red and blue
devils, yellow capsules
jacket, yellows,
Nmbutal, Tuinals,
Seconal, and
amytal
Methaqualon Qualudes, Ludes, Tablets Taken orally
e Sopors
Tranquilizers Valium, Librium, Tablets or capsules Taken orally
miltown, serax,
equanil,
miltown,and
Tranxene

6. Hallucinogen

Phencyclidine (PCP) interrupts the functions of the neocortex, the section

of the brain that controls the intellect and keeps instincts in check.

Because the drug blocks pain reports, violent PCP episodes may result in

self-inflicted injuries. The effects of PCP vary, but users frequently report a
sense of distance and estrangement. Time and body movements are

slowed down. Muscular coordination worsens and sense are dulled.

Speech is blocked and incoherent. In later stages of chronic use, users

often exhibit paranoid and violent behaviour and experience hallucinations.

Large doses may produce convulsion and coma, as well as heart and lung

failure.

Lysergic acid (LSD), mescaline, and psilocynbin cause illusion and

hallucinations. The physical effects may include dilated pupils, elevated

body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, loss of

appetite, sleeplessness, and tremors. The users may experience panic,

confusion suspicion, anxiety and loss of control.

Type What is it called?

What does it look How is it
like? used?
Phencyclidin PCP, Hog, Angel What does it look like Taken orally,
e Dust, Loveboat, Liquid, white injected
Lovely, Killer Weed crystalline powder, smoked
pills, capsules (sprayed on
joints or
cigrattes)
Mescaline Mesc, Buttons and Hard brown discs, Disc –
and Peyote Cactus tablets, capsules chewed
swallowed, or
smoked or
Tablets and
capsules –
taken orally
 Psilocybin Magic mushrooms, Fresh or dried Chewed or
shrooms mushrooms swallowed

7. Narcotics

Narcotics initially produce a feeling of euphoria that often is followed by

drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting. Users may also experience constricted

pupils, watery eyes, and itching. And overdose may produce slow and

shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsion, coma and possible death.

Tolerance to narcotics develops rapidly and dependence is likely. The use

of contaminated ssyringes may result in disease such as AIDS,

endocarditics, and hepatitis. Addiction in pregment women can lead to

premature, stillborn, or addicted infants who experience severe withdrawal

symptoms.
 Type What is it called? What does it look How is it
like? used?
Heroin Smack, horse, mud, White to dark-brown Injected,

brown sugar, junk, powder or tar-like smoked, or

black tar, and big h substance inhaled

Codeine Empirin compound Dark liquid varying in Taken orally,

with codeine, thickness, capsules, injected

Tylenol with tablets

codeine, codeine in

cough medicine
Morphine Pectoral syrup White crystals, Taken orally,

hypodemic tablets, or injected, or

inject able solutions smoked

Opium Paregoric, dover’s Dark brown chunks, Smoked,

powder, parepctolin powder eaten, or

injected
Meperidin Pethidine, demorol, White powder, solution Taken orally,

e mepergan tablets injected

Other Percocet, percodan, Tablets or capsules Taken orally,

narcotics tussionex, fentanyl, injected

darvon, talwin and

lomotil
7. Designer Drugs

Illegal drugs are designed in the terms of their chemical formulas. To

circumvent these legal restrictions, underground chemists modify the

molecular structure of certain illegal drugs to produce analogs known as

designer drugs. These drugs can be several hundred times stronger than

the drugs they are designed to imitate.

The narcotic analogs can cause symptoms such as those seen in

Parkinson’s disease : uncontrollable tremors, drooling, impaired speech,

paralysis, and irreversible brain damage. Analogs of amphetamines and

methamphetamines cause nausea, blurred vision, chills or sweating and

faintness. Psychological effects include anxiety, depression, and paranoia.

As little as one does can cause brain damage. The analogs of

phencyclidine cause illusion, hallucinations, and impaired perception.

Type What is it What does it look How is it

called? like? used?
Analog of Fentanyl Systhetic heroin, White powder Inhaled,
(Narcotic) china white injected
Analog of MPTP (New White powder Inhaled,
Meperidine heroin), MPPP, injected
(Narcotic) synthetic heroin
Analog of MDMA (Ecstasy, White powder, Taken
Amphetamines or XTC, Adam, tablets or capsules orally,
Methamphetamine Essence), MDM, injected, or
s (Hallucinogens) STP, PMA- 2, 5- inhaled
DMA, TMA,
DOM, DOB EVE
Analog of PCPy, PCE White powder Taken
Phencyclidine orally,
(PCP) injected or
smoked
8. Anabolic Steroids

Steroids

Anabolic steroids are a group of powerful compounds closely related to the

male sex hormone testosterone. Developed in the1930’s steroids are

seldom prescribed by physicians today. Current legitimate medical uses

are limited to certain kinds of anemia, severe burns, and some types of

breast cancer.

Taken in combination with a program of muscle-building exercise and diet,

steroids may contribute to increases in body weight and muscular strength.

Steroid users subjects themselves to more than 70 side effects ranging in

severity from liver cancer and acne and including psychological as well as

physical reactions. The liver and cardiovascular system are most seriously

affected by steroid use. In males, use can withered testicles, sterility, and

importance. In females, irreversible musuline traits can develop along with

breast reduction and sterility. Psychological effects in both sexes include

very aggressive behaviour known as “rod rage” and depression. While

some side effects appears quickly, other, such as heart attacks and

strokes, may not show up for years.

9. Alcohol

Alcohol consumption causes a number of changes in behaviour. Even low

doses significantly impair the judgement and coordination required to drive

a car safely. Low to moderate doses of alcohol can increase the incident of

a variety of aggressive acts, including spouse and child abuse. Moderate

to high doses of alcohol cause marked impairments in higher mental

functions, severely altering a person’s ability to learn and remember

information. Very high doses cause respiratory depression and death.

Continued use of alcohol can lead to dependence. Sudden cessation of

alcohol intake is likely to produce withdrawal symptoms, including severe

anxiety, tremors, hallucinations, and convulsions long-term effects of

consuming large quantities of alcohol, especially when combined with poor

nutrition, can lead to permanent damage to vital organs such as the brain

and the liver. In addition, mother who drink alcohol during pregnancy may

give birth to infants with fetal alcohol syndrome. These infants may suffer

from mental retardation and other irreversible physical abnormalities. In

addition, research indicates that children of alcoholic parents are at great

risk than other children of becoming alcoholics.

10. Tobacco

The smoking of tobacco products is the chief avoidable cause of death in

our society. Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to contract heart

disease – some 170,000 die each year from smoking related coronary

heart disease. Lung, larynx, esophageal, bladder, pancreatic and kidney

cancers also strikes smokers at increased rates. Some 30 percent of

cancer deaths (130,000 per year) are linked to smoking. Chronic,

obstructive lung disease such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis are

10 times more likely to occur among smokers than among nonsmokers.

Tobacco

The smoking of tobacco products is the chief avoidable cause of death in

our society. Smokers are more likely than non smokers to contract heart

disease- some 170,000 die each from smoking related coronary heart

diseases. Lung, Larynx, bladder and kidney cancers also strikes smokers

at increased rates. Some 30 percent of cancer deaths (130,000 pre year)

are linked to smoking.

Smoking during pregnancy also poss. serious risks. Spontaneous, pre-

term birth, low birth weight, and fetal and infact deaths are all more likely to

occur when the pregnancy women is a smoker.

Cigarette smoke contains some 4000 chemicals, several of which are

known carcinogens. Perhaps the most dangerous substances in tobacco

smoke is nicotine. Nicotine is the substance that reinforces and strengthen

the desire to smoke. Because nicotine is highly addictive, addicts find it

very difficult to sop smoking. Of 1,000 typical smokers, fewer than 20

percent succeed in stopping on the first try.

How Long Will The Drugs Stay In The System

DETECTION PERIODS FOR DRUGS IN URINE

Alcohol, ethyl 3 - 10 hours
Amphetamine 1 - 2 days
Barbiturates secobarbital 1 – 5 + days
Barbitaurats Phenobarbital 2 – 6 days
Benzodiazephines 3 – 5 days
Benzodiazephines heavy abuse 3 – 6 weeks
Cocaine 2 – 3 + days
Benzoylecgonin 2 – 4 days
Codeine 1 – 3 + days
Heroin 1 – 2 days
Hydromorrphone (dilaudid) 1 – 2 days
Lsd 1 – 2 days
Methamphetamines 2 – 3 + days
Methaqualone ( Quaalude) 2 weeks
Morphine 1 – 2 days
Pcp ( phencyclindine) 2 – 8 days
Ecstsy 3 – 5 days
(propoxyphne metabolites) 6 – 48 hours
Anabolic steroids ( oral) 2 days
Anabolic steroids 2 months 1 year
The metabolite ( marjuna)
1 joint , urine 2 weeks
3 times weekly, urine 3 – 4 weeks
Daily, urine 4 – 6 weeks
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DRUG ADDICTS

21 Anger : The addictor becomes easily irritated even on the small issues

and matters. He becomes irresponsible and finds difficulty to co-

ordinate. The addictor shows anger and his mood swings.

22 Taking about drugs : The addictor always talks about drugs and also

pressurise others to use it.

23 Prefer to stay alone : Addictor usually wants to stay alone and make

frequent trips to store room, rest room, basement and bathroom. He

does not want the company any other person and prefers to stay alone.

24 Wearing Sunglasses and full sleeves shirts on odd times : A drug

addict starts wearing a full sleeves shirt even in summer season

because he feels cold in summers and this is due t the drugs that he

takes. Some times the addictor cannot tolerate the lights so he wear

sunglasses in order to protect his eyes.

25 The drugs addict no longer spend time with his friends or with those

people who do not use drugs.

26 The drugs addicts frequently borrow money and if they did not money

they steal items from their home and sell them to buy drugs.

27 The drug addicts talk incoherently and make in appropriate remarks.

28 There is a change in mood, eating and sleeping habits of those who are

drug addicts.
 DRUG ADDICTION IN TEENAGERS

Today’s voices talking about new danger- drug addiction at schools – are

heard more and more loudly. It is not easy to say how reasonable these

fears are, as no serious and exhaustive researches has been mad in

lithuania till today. The only obvious thing is that such phenomenon really

exists but its extent are unclear- they might be exaggerated by mass

media or might be unimaginable neither by government, parents or

teachers.

Impression is that this problem is absolutely new and unexpected, may be

that the reason it seems so threatening only recently discussions on this

issue began, and often they are quite populisticly.

Adolescence is a critical period for addictions to develop because in this

age their ‘go’ system works in full force and stop system is immature

teenagers notoriously respond to sexual stimulations take dangerous risks

and take many decisions for a moment rather than for long term period it

takes after the age of 20 or so for the parts of the brain that involved

decision making and higher level thinking to fully develop.

Most teens who drink, smoke or use drugs do not become addicts.

However a genetic predisposition combined with the critical period of

adolescence can tilt the scales towards early addictions.

HOW TO RECOGNIZE DRUG ABUSE IN TEENAGERS?

1. School performance

29 Active dislike for school

30 Makes excuses to stay at home

31 Drop in performance

The child suddenly shows an active dislike for school and looks for

excuses to stay at home one should contact in school to see whether the

Childs attendance record matches what the parents know about his or her

absent days

A student who experiences a drop in performance possibly failing in his

courses or receiving only passing grades may b using drugs.

2. Physical Health

32 Listlessness

The child lacks in energy and enthusiasm. He does not show interest in

doing any work.

33 Appathy

The child, if he takes drugs has a difference attitude towards everything.

He gets irritated very easily and is not all polite while talking.

34 Reduced Self care

The mood of the child keeps on changing. There is a sudden change in

eating and sleeping patterns. This all may indicate that the child is using

drugs.
3. Appearance

How they look is extremely important in adolescent. A sudden lack of

interest of two thing grooming or looks may be a warning sing of drug use.

4. Personal behaviour

Teenager enjoy privacy but their exaggerated efforts to bar family

members from entering their rooms or knowing where they go with their

friends might indicate that may be the child is addicted to drugs. Drastic

change in behaviour and in relations ships with family and friend may

signal drug use.

5. Money

Sometimes teenagers demand for money suddenly with out any

explanation, this might indicate that the child is addicted to drugs. The

teenages who are addicted to drugs also steal valueable.

Products from their own house and sale them in the market in order to get

money from drugs.

When some teenagers always come late at night, they also indicates that

the child is using drugs.

 STEP IS TO PREVENT THE USE OF DRUGS
AMONG TEENAGERS

Various steps should be taken by the parents and also by the government

to prevent the use of drugs among the teenagers spending on drugs

preventions in school is one of the most effective thing a government can

do after at the other place in society where you can have a captive and a

well organized audience is school.

FOLLOWING ARE THE VARIOUS STEPS

1. Normalising Abstention

The most important part of any prevention programme specially in schools

is normalizing abstention. By abstention we mean avoidance of doing or

indulging in some activity. Under this programme the teenagers should

understand the ill effects of drugs and should be given education on how to

avoid the intake of drugs. This is one of the best ways to teach the pupils

to say no to drugs and to learn about the dangerous effect of drugs.

2. Assertiveness Training

Assertiveness training is also very important and it help the teenager to

stand up for their own values without a feeling that they are not grown ups

yet. What ever they learn in this training will help them through out their

lives. Weather in the work place or facing other pressures in school. In this,

students are given a training to speak and do things in a forceful way and

they should stand up for their rights.

3. Building self confidence and self worth

If the teenagers have a feeling of self confidence or self worth within them

they will not indulge in drugs and they will then understand that they are

not supposed to do those things which are not meant for them. Those

feelings can also be bought within the teenagers by various types of

training and prevention programs.

4. Parental Education

Parents also need help in how to tackle these issues at home. Parents

should be given required training as how to handle a situation when they

come to know that their child is using drugs. If parents are fully educated or

aware about drugs and its addiction qualities then only they can help their

child to stay away from it.

5. Communication at home

One of the best ways to protect children from addiction is to talk to them.

On the one hand communication is very important but on other hand it

takes time. The trouble is that many parents only wake up when there is

already a problem and their child shows a different behaviours and is not

willing to talk communication takes times on regular basis so, parents need

to be advice and educated on how to prevent communication problems.

 ADDICTION TREATMENTS

PAST AND PRESENT

In the past, society viewed drug addiction as a moral flow “popular

treatments” involved imprisonment, sentencing to asylums, church guided

prayers etc. not surprisingly these methods were generally ineffective.

Today wee understand that drug addiction is brain disease characterized

by fundamental and long lasting changes in the brain. Modern treatments

are based scientific research. Treatment in tailored to the individual, and

typically involves a combination of drug and behavioural therapy. Today’s

methods are very effective with 40 – 70% of patients remaining drug free.

TREATMENTS

1. Detoxification

For some addictive drugs, suddenly stopping use can use painful

withdrawal symptoms. In the past, the resulting suffering was considered

a necessary part of rehabilitations. It was the punishment for having the

moral flow of being an addict. Today we understand that while

detoxification is the necessary first step to recover from drug addiction

there is no reason for the patient to suffer. In fact allowing painful

withdrawal, decreases an addicts chances of recovery. To avoid

withdrawal symptoms, today’s doctors often gives patients medication that

makes them feel similar to being on the addictive drug and gradually
reduce their dose overtime. This stabalises the person brain long enough

to get through the detoxification process. Examples of this type of

treatment include methadone and LAAM for opiate with drawal, nicotine

replacement therapies etc.

2. THE CHALLENGE OF TREATING DRUG ADDICTION IN JAIL

Treating addicts who end up in the criminal justice system adds another

layer of complexity to the issue. How should low enforcement deal with

administrating drug addiction treatment? Innovative approaches such as

drug court may prove to be the answer.

Bring courts deal with offenders charged with less serious crimes such as

possession or being under the influence of drugs. In lieu of serving a jail

sentence, offenders must plead guilt to the charge ,agree to take part in

the treatment, get regular drug tests and report to the judge for at lest one

year. If they fail to complete any of the requirements they may be

incarcerated. But if they complete the requirements, the changes against

them are dropped and they gradate from the programme.

3. Behavioural Therapy

This therapy helps people for coping with their drug crawings, teach them

the ways to avoid drugs, find out their problems and solve it. It prevents

relapse and also help to reduce the risk of diseases like aids. This therapy

can include such things as learning to.

35 Talk openly about personal experiences.

 36 Manage problems with out turning to drug.

37 Identify and correct problematic behaviour

38 Recognise drug crawings

39 Identify and manage high-risk situations

40 Establish motivation to charge

41 Improve personal relationship

42 Develop refusal skills

43 Manage time more efficiently

4. Relaxation Therapy

As the name suggests, it provides relaxation to the mind of the person who

takes drugs under depression doctors verbally provide relaxation to the

person.

5. Counseling

Under this doctors suggests you one thing i.e. Health is wealth. It is done

verbally. It also involves taking above problems related to job, relationship

with family and friends. For example :

Counseling provides the ways to say no when some pressurizes you to

take drugs. They just grab the opportunities to come up naturally with the

discussion as just by seeing a T.V. show or a post that discusses the issue

relating to drugs.
6. Meditation

It is a very popular and a well known treatment. It is done musically as well

verbally. Musically in the sense the doctors play the cassettes with rythms

to calm down the mind of the addict and verbally they tell stories above the

persons who had suffered a lot in their life but now their positive view,

determination and motivation has helped them to overcome the problems

and become successful in the end.

 TIME PERIOD INVOLVED IN DRUG ADDICTION
TREATMENT

Minimum time period  3 months, 90 days

Maximum time period  12 months, 365 days

Treatment will be successful only when there is a full support from the

family members are friends. Recovery occur overtime. It is no a single

moment in time. It is a constantly evolving period that requires work to

main aim. Recovery is a new beginning and can be a time of great

personal fulfillment and growth for people in recovery and their families.

Who is drug addict improving health and wellness then we come to know

that the person is responding to the treatment and he really wants to

become normal and well again. Thousands of men and women are

recovering from the advanced stags of alcohol and drug abuse.

RELAPSING

It means to return to a former bad habbit. There are 98% chances of a

person to relapse even after getting the treatment. This one thing required

is self control of not using the drugs.

 CONCLUSION

What we rust to about drugs?

1. Toughen penalties against all those making profit from drug trade

There should be tough penalties against all those making profits from the

drug trade. While it true that law enforcement against producers and

traffickers has only a managerial effect on total availability, it is important

that a powerful message is sent out from every government in the world

that drug profiteering is an international crime that will be severally

punished. Further investment in intelligence should be made and those

who make profits with drugs trade they should be arrested and heavily

penalised. If necessary international co-operation can be taken and with

this the nations can get freedom from drugs.

2. Prevention in schools

Spending on drugs prevention in schools is one of the most effective thins

that a government can do. After all the other place in society where you

have a captive and well organised audience is school. Various prevention

programes should be conducted and students should learn how to avoid

the use of drugs and should not indulge in illegal acts. A feeling of self

confidence and self worth should be brought in them. Parents should also

be educated about drugs, so that they can tackle issues a home only.

Communication at home between parents and children regarding drug

addiction should take place on a regular basis.

3. Road safety

Various road safety programs should be concluded. Routine testing at road

side should be done. This road side testing will help in preventing deaths

penalties should b severe and consistently applied for drink-driving with

treatment for offenders where alcoholic dependency is suspected or

proven. There need to be more education given to help the people who

drive frequently.

4. Expansion of residential treatment programmes

Various programmes should be introduced by which the drug addicts are

not needed to go the rehab ventures for treatment rather they get

treatment while setting at their place only. There should be more

widespread random testing in prisons with rewards for those who stay drug

free alcohol information and education as well as access to treatment

should be available through out the criminal justice system. Police and

other offices should be given a training in recognising and managing

alcohol related problems.

5. Tighten up the laws on selling promoting smoking/tobacco and

alcohol

The licensing laws for sale of tobacco and alcohol need tightening up.

There should be a complete ban on all tobacco advertisements. Licensing

laws for tobacco should be made for more stricter. The legal age of buying
cigarettes should be increased to 18.

6. Encourage drug free culture

Every possible means should be taken to encourage drug free culture.

There has been recent rash of films in which heroes are seen smoking in

money shots. This should not be there not only should there be a complete

ban on promotion of brands of tobacco in advertising but also on the

promotion of smoking itself. Media support should be there. Anti-drug

heroes should be developed.

If drugs are used for medical purposes then it is safe but if they are used to

receive pleasure, to forget tensions the they are injurious to health.

“Drugs lose their glamour quickly in the end they only bring sadness.”

So one must not be so weak hearted, that one gets addicted to deadly

drugs easily. Instead of treating the drugs addicts as inferior we must treat

them as misguided who must be brought back to normal life.

So, lets now from today itself take a pledge to stay away from drugs and

make this world a beautiful place to live in.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

44 Dr. Rajnish, Guru Nanak Mission Hospital, Jalandhar

45 Dr. Naveen Chadha, Civil Hospital, Jalandhar

46 Sources of Information from Internet.

A special thanks to my seniors

47 Ms. Deep Kamal Kaur

48 Ms. Navneet Pal Kaur

 ASSIGNMENT

ON

DRUG ADDICTION

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Mrs Kamal Dhillon Ashish Katoch
Roll No.7991115647