Modal auciliaries adalah kata kerja bantu yang mempunyai arti dan

melengkapi ordinarinya. Penggunaan modal auxiliary dengan tenses yang

sudah kita pelajari sebelumnya sangat erat, hanya saja modal auxiliary yang
kita pakai terdahulu menggunakan main adxiliary (is, am, are, do, does,
have, has, was. Were, did. Had).

Modal auciliaries is

Modal :
1. not use +s/es, -ed and -ing
2. must use VI (berinficitive)
3. tidak boleh didahulu ito
4. tidak boleh bertemu to
5. modal auxiliary is cant use another modal auxiliary.
Incorrect :
1. he cans sing every day.
2. he can sings every day
3. he wants to can sing every day
4. he can to sing every day
5. he must can sing every day.
Correct :
1. can sing every day
2. he can sing every day
3. he wants to be able to sing every day
4. he can sing every day
5. he must be able sing every day.
Modal auxiliary is categorized two by kind of modal :
1. spontaneity
2. conclusion / possibility.

1. SPONTANITY :
No

Modal

Indonesia

English

Similar expression of
modal

Can

Dapat

Ability

Be able to

Must

Harus

Strong

Have to, be to

obligation, strong
necessity
3

Used
To/would

Dulu terbiasa

Past habit

Be used to Ving.

Bravery

Dare (to Vbi)

V1
4

Dare

Berani

Can

Sudikah/maukah/bolehkah Polite request (?)

Be allowed to

Sudi/mau.boleh

Permission (+)

Be allowed to

Could
May
Might
Will
Would
Shall
Should
6

Can
Could
May
Might
Should
Would
Shall

May

Semoga

Wishes

Will

Sudi/mau

Willingness

Be Willing to

Should/ought Seharusnya;a

Advisability

Be supposed to

to
10

Could

Sebenarnya bisa

Suggestion

11

Would rather

Lebih suka

Preference

Prefer gerund

12

Need

Perlu

Necessity

Need (Vbi)

obligation

2. Conclusion :
A. Possibility
Modal

Indonesia

Percentage

Must

Pasti

95 %

Should / ought to

Kemungkinan besar

90 %

May / might

Mungkin

50 %

Can / could

Mungkin

50 %

B. Imposiblity
Modal

Indonesia

Percentage

Must

Pasti tidak

95 %

Could can

Tidak mungkin

99 %

Should / ought to

Kemungkinan

besar 90 %

tidak
May / might

Mungkin tidak

90 %

Modal auxiliaries Are followed by the tenses form

Modal

Simple present

Present

Simple past

Past

continous
1. can

He can help me Can

every day

you

continous

help He could run He

me now?

fast last year

could

teach

me

math

when

he

was

young
2. must

He must study You must help He had to go He

every time

me now

yesterday

had

to

sleep when I
left his room

3. used to / -

would
4. dare

I used to eat every morning

I dare remind He dare go now

I dared sleep He

him every day

alone 10 years disturb

me

ago

my

when
mother
going

5. can

- can

you

me
Could
May

help
every

time ?
- could you help

dared

was

me every day ?
Might

- may I visit you

every day ?

Will

- might visit you

every day ?

Would

- wih

you

me

lend
some

money ?
Shall

- would you lend

me

Should

some

money ?
- shall I pay for
the bill ?
- should I pay for
the bill ?

6. can

- you

can

help

me every time
Could

- you could help

me every day ?

May

- you may visit

me every day ?

Might

- you might visit

me every time

Would

Shall

Should

7. May

May god bless May

8. Will

you

happ now ?

Yes, I will

Yes, I Will

9. Should / - He should be Ought to

you

he

be
-

should- he

on time every sleep now

have

day.

- He ought to day.

sleep now.

be

He ought to
on

every day.

time

- He
have

should- He

should

every have
prepared
ought
left

every day

to dimmer
us when come.
- He ought to
have
prepared
dinner when
come

10 could

He

could

do He

could

do He could have- He

could

that work every that work now.

done that work have

done

day.

yesterday.

work

Stayed

that

at while he was

home

last gong the test

week.
11.

Wold I. would rather I would rather i. would rather- I

rather

stay

at

home be

every day.

staying

would

at have stayed at rather

home now.

home

have

last been staying

week.

at

home

when

he

asked me to
go.
12. Need

He

need

take He need take a He need have He

rest every time.

rest now

taken

need

rest have taken a

yesterday.

rest when he
felt

tired

yesterday.

Modal

Simple present

Present

Simple past

Past

continous
1. can

He
able

2. must

has
to

been He

has

continous

been He

had

been He had been

finish able to finish his able to finish able to finish

his work.

work.

his work

his work

He has had to

He has had to

He had had to He had had

finish his work

finish his work

finish his work

to finish his
work

3.

Used -

to/would

he

had

been He had been

used to finish used

his work

finish

to
his

work
4. dare

He has dared to

He has dared to He had dared He

finish his work

finish his work

to
work

finis

had

his dared

to

finish

his

work
5.

6.

7.

8. will

He

has

been He

has

been He

had

been He had been

willing to finish willing to finish willing to finish willing

his work

his work

his work

to

finish

his

work
9.

10.

11.

12.

Conclusion (possitility / impossibility)

Modal
Must

Simple

Present

present

continous

Simple past

He

must He must be He

study

hard studying

every day

Past continous

must He

must

have studied studying

hard now.

hard

have
hard

been

when

last come.

week
Can
could

Should
ought to

/ He

can

/ He

can

/ He

can

could do his could

be could

activities

doing

his done

every day.

activities

activities

now.

yesterday.

/ He can / could have been

have doing his activities when I

his came yesterday.

/ He should / He should / He

He should / ought to have

ought not to ought to be should/ought

study

hard studying

every day.

to

hard now.

been studying hard when I

have came.

studied hard
yesterday.

May
might

/ He

may

/ He

may

/ He

may

might do his might

be might

activity

doing

his done

every day.

activity now.

/ He may / might have been

have doing his activity when I

adtivity
yesterday.

his came yesterday.

The function of modal

From

Possibility

Kind of modal

Meaning

Tense

Must

Pasti

Ps/Pr

Should

Kemungkinan

Ps/Pr

Ought to

besar

May
Might
Could
Can
Cant

Tidak mungkin

Ps/Pr

Mungkin tidak

Ps/Pr

Bisa / Dapat

-Pr

Couldnt
Impossibility

Maynt
Mightnt

Can
Ability

Could

-Ps

Be (was, Were,

-Ps

Is. Am. Are)

-Pr

Able to
Wishes

May
May + S + V1
(+) must

Necessity

Advisability
Suggestion
Habitual action
Probilition
Preference

Request

Semoga

- Ft

Harus

Ps/Pr/I

(+) have to
(-) neednt

Tidak harus

Should

Seharusnya

Ought to

( 1 Nashiat)

Hed better

Lebih baih

Could

Seharusnya

Ps/Pr/I

Used to

Dulu terbiasa

Ps

Tidak boleh

-Pr/F

- Ps/Pr

Would
Musnt

(jangan)
Would rather

Lebih suka

Ps/Pr/F

Could, can

Bisakah

Pr/I

May, might Will,

Bolehkan

would shall

Maukah
Dapatkah

Permission

Could, can May,

Bisakah

- Pr/I

Espection

Might

Bolehkah

Be To

Harus

Be Supposed to

Seharusnya

Ps/Pr/F

Semi Modal
Need

As Subject

Kebutuhan

Need

As verb

Membutuhkan

Need

As modal

Butuh

Dare

As subject

Pantangan

Dare

As verb

Menantang

Dare

As modal

Berani

Can

As subject

Kaleng

Can

As verb

Mengalengi

Can

As modal

Dapat/bisa

CONCLUSION
Modal Auxiliary is the auxiliary which has meaning and complete the ordinary.
The Kinds of modal auxiliaries in English are : can, could, had better, may,
might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would.
The functions of modal auxiliaries are :
Possibility (kemungkinan)
Suggestion (saran)
Impossibility (ketidak mungkinan)
Habitual past (kebiasaan/rutinitas)
Ability (kemampuan)
Prohibition (larangan)
Wishes (doa)
Preference (preferensi/lebih suka)
Necessity (keharusan)
Request (permintaan/permohonan)
Advisability (anjuran)
Permission (permohonan izin)
Espeetation (harapan)