Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination

Physics
The following list of data, formulae and relationships will be provided in the question papers for
candidates reference:

List of data, formulae and relationships

Data
molar gas constant
Avogadro constant
acceleration due to gravity
universal gravitational constant
speed of light in vacuum
charge of electron
electron rest mass
permittivity of free space
permeability of free space
atomic mass unit
astronomical unit
light year
parsec
Stefan constant
Planck constant

R = 8.31 J mol1 K1
N A = 6.02 1023 mol1
g = 9.81 m s2 (close to the Earth)
G = 6.67 1011 N m2 kg2
c = 3.00 108 m s1
e = 1.60 1019 C
m e = 9.11 1031 kg
0 = 8.85 1012 C2 N1 m2
0 = 4 107 H m1
u = 1.661 1027 kg
(1 u is equivalent to 931 MeV)
AU = 1.50 1011 m
ly = 9.46 1015 m
pc = 3.09 1016 m = 3.26 ly = 206265 AU
= 5.67 108 W m2 K4
h = 6.63 1034 J s

Rectilinear motion

Mathematics

For uniformly accelerated motion :

Equation of a straight line

y = mx + c

Arc length

=r

Surface area of cylinder

= 2rh + 2r2

Volume of cylinder

= r2h

Surface area of sphere

= 4r2
4 3
=
r
3

v = u + at
1
s = ut + at 2
2
v2 = u2 + 2as

Volume of sphere

For small angles, sin tan (in radians)

Astronomy and Space Science

GMm
U
r
P = T 4
f
v

f0
c
0

Atomic World
1
m e vmax 2 hf
2
En

gravitational potential energy

Stefans law
Doppler effect

Einsteins photoelectric equation

1 me e 4
13.6

2 eV
n 2 8h 2 02
n
energy level equation for hydrogen atom

h
h

p mv

1.22
d

Energy and Use of Energy

E
illuminance
A
A(TH TC )
Q

rate of energy transfer by conduction

t
d

de Broglie formula
Rayleigh criterion (resolving power)

thermal transmittance U-value

d
1
maximum power by wind turbine
P Av 3
2
Medical Physics
1.22

Rayleigh criterion (resolving power)

d
1
power
power of a lens
f
I
L = 10 log
intensity level (dB)
I0
acoustic impedance
Z = c
I r ( Z 2 Z1 ) 2

intensity reflection coefficient

I 0 ( Z 2 Z1 ) 2
I I 0 e x

transmitted intensity through a medium

Q1Q2

A1. E = mc T

energy transfer during heating

and cooling

D1.

A2. E = l m

energy transfer during change

of state

D2.

equation of state for an ideal gas

D3.

kinetic theory equation

D4.

molecular kinetic energy

D5. R = R 1 + R 2

A3.

pV nRT

1
Nmc 2
3
3RT
A5. E K =
2NA

A4.

pV

4 0 r 2
Q
4 0 r 2

V
d
l
R
A

Coulombs law
electric field strength due to
a point charge
electric field between parallel plates
(numerically)
resistance and resistivity
resistors in series

D6.

1
1
1

R R1 R 2

resistors in parallel

v p
force

t t

D7.

P IV I 2 R

power in a circuit

B2. moment = F d moment of a force

D8.

F BQv sin

force on a moving charge in a

magnetic field

B3. E P = mgh

gravitational potential energy

D9.

F BIl sin

force on a current-carrying
conductor in a magnetic field

kinetic energy

D10. B

0 I

magnetic field due to a long

straight wire

B1. F = m

B4. E K =

1 2
mv
2

B5. P = Fv

mechanical power

v2
2r
r
Gm1m2

B6.

B7.

C1.

C2.

d sin n

C3.

D
a

1
f

centripetal acceleration
Newtons law of gravitation

2r
0 NI
D11. B
l

D12. N
t
V
N
D13. s s
Vp N p

fringe width in
double-slit interference

E1.

N = N 0 ekt

diffraction grating equation

E2.

t1
2

equation for a single lens

ln 2
k

magnetic field inside a long

solenoid
induced e.m.f.
ratio of secondary voltage to
primary voltage in a transformer

law of radioactive decay

half-life and decay constant

E3.

A = kN

activity and the number of

undecayed nuclei

E4.

E mc 2

mass-energy relationship