Enstrom 280FX Operator Manual and FAA Approved Rotorcraft Flight Manual PDF

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ATP Grid Index to Manufacturers Publications:
Enstrom
Helicopter
Model 280FX
Operator Manual and

Section
General
Approved
FAA
Rotorcraft
Flight Manual
F
ToDic
Information
Title Page
Record of Revisions
Record of
Temporary
Revisions
Table of Contents and List of Effective Pages
Log of Pages and Revisions

Log of Supplements
Section 1
General
Section 2
Operating
Section 3
Emer
Malfunction Procedures
Section 4
Normal
Procedures
Section 5
Performance
Section 6
Weight and Balance
Section 7
Aircraft and System
Section 8
Insp, Maint, Servicing, Storage and Handling
Section 9
Operational
Section 10
Limitations
FAA
Aproved
FAA
Approved
Approved
Approved
Description
Information (Reserved)
Supplements
Wet/Dry Dispersal System

02/22/2008
FAA
FAA
Copyright
Supplement
No.

EN
0138
FM
Page
1 of
Section
Topic
Float
Landing Gear
Supplement No. 2
External Loads
Supplement No. 3
Snowshoe
Supplement No. 4
(Reserved)
Supplement No. 5
(Reserved)
Supplement No. 6
(Reserved)
Supplement No. 7
(Reserved)
Supplement No. 8
(Reserved)
Supplement No. 9
Brake
Rotor
Supplement No. 10
Fuel
Tank
Auxiliary
Supplement No. 11
Exhaust
Muffler
Engine
Supplement No.
12
End of Index
02/22/2008
Copyright

EN
0138
FM
Page
2 of
IVI FGI
INTRO
ENSTROM 280FX
OPERATOR MAN UAL
AN D
F.A.A. APPROVED
ROTORCRAFT FLIG HT MAN UAL

REPORT NO. 28-AC-020
TYPE CERTIFICATE NO. H~ CE

MELICOPTER SERIAL ~LO.
HELICOPTER REGISTRATION NO.

THIS MANUAL MUST BE CARRIED IN THE HELICOPTER AT ALL
TIMES. SECTIONS 2,3,4, AND 5 ARE F.A.A. APPROVED.

SECTION 10 INCLUDES SUPPLEMENTS TO THE TYPE
CERTIFICATE WHICH ARE F.A.A. APPROVED IS SO DESIGNATED.
F.A.A. APPROVED BY:

FOR MANAGER
CHICAGO AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION OFFICE

CENTRAL REGION
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
DATE:
JANUARY 11. 1985
RECORD OF REVISIONS
MFG REV
NO
5
DESCRIPTION
Library
Addition
ISSUEDATE
617/07
ATPREVDA
INSERTED BY
ATP/RD
2/22/2008
RECORD OF TEMPORARY REVISIONS
TEMP
REV NO
DESCRIPTION
ISSUE DATE
ATP REV
INSERT
DATE
REV
REMOVE
DATE
BY
REMOVED
INCOR
BY
2122/2008
PAGE
ENST~IOM
280FX
HEUCOPTER CORPORATION
rms 22Mf SFREET P.O. BOX *BD
MENOM)NEE. MICHLOANt985&0490 U.S.A.
REPORTNO.
28-AC-020
DATE
1-1 1-85
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AND
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
PAGE
SECTION
Manual Cover
Table of Contents and List of Effective
i thru ii
Pages
iii
LogofSupplements
Log
of
iv thru
and Revisions
Pages
1.0 thru 1.5
General
Operating Limitations
Emergency
Normal Procedures
Performance
Weight
Aircraft and
Inspections, Maintenance, Servicing, Storage,
Operational
10
Supplements
FAA
2.0 thru 2.9
Approved
and Malfunction Procedures
FAA Approved
4.0 thru 4.13
FAAApproved
5.0 thru 5.12
FAAApproved
6.0 thru 6.16
and Balance
7.0 thru 7.8
SystemDescription
Information
Handling
8.0 thru 8.14

9.0
10.0
Wet/Dry Dispersal System
Supplement 2
Float
and
(Resenred)
Supplement 1
Supplement
3.0 thru 3.10
Landing Gear
ExternalLoads
10.1.1 thru 10.1.13

10.2.1 tluu 10.2.10
10.3.1 thru 10.3.6
Rev. 5 IJUN 7107
THE ENSTROM HELICOP~ER CORPORATION

TWIN
COVNPI/IPPORT
p O
80X 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
PAGE
REPORT NO
280FX
DATE:
SECTION
10
28-AC-O20
1/11/85
PAGE
Supplements
Continued
Supplement
eohswonS4
Supplement
10.4.1
10.5.1
10.6.1
10.7.1
(Reserved)
Supplement
(Reserved)
Supplement
(Reserved)
Supplement
ii
10.8.1
10.9.1
10
10.10.1 thru 10.10.4
(Reserved)
Supplement
(Reserved)
Supplement
Rotor Brake
Supplement 11
Auxiliary Fuel
Supplement
Muffler
Revised: h?9;1 291389
12
10.11.1 thru 10.11.7
Tank
10.12.1
iv
PAGE
fHE ENSTROM HEtlCOPTER CORPORAflON

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORTP.O. BOX
280FX
277, MENOMINEE, MICH. 49858
REPOATNO.
oaTE:
28-AC-020
1/11/85
LOG OF PAGES AND REVISIONS

DESCRIPTION
EV. NO~I PAGES
Revised Contents
Added Revision Log
iv
2.3
2.5
2.7
3.1
4.2
4.7
4.9
7.3
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
10.2.1
thru
DATE
F.A.A. APPROVED
1 7-12-85
1 Added Note
Revised Limits
Added Placard
Added Note
Revised Description
Added Paragraph
Added Note
Added 2 Paragraphs
Added Paragraph
Added Page
Added Page
Added Page
Added Float Landing
Gear
Supplement
10.2.10
2
i,ii
~v
1.4
2.3
2.4
thru
2.6
Added Pages
Added Revision 2
Minor Correction
Added Note
Minor
Added
Added Cautions
Added Paragraph
4.13
5.1
thru
5.4
7.5
7.6
thru
7.8
8.5
8.9
8.12
Figures Redrawn,
Minor Correction
Added
Paragraph
~ioved Text, Added

28 Volt System
Added 28 Volt System
Minor Correction
Added Paragraph
APPROVED FOR MANAGER CHICAGO AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION OFFICE,

CENTRAL REGION
ADMINISTRATION
FEDERAL AVIATION
v,
NOTE:
5L~(
Changes
Paragraph
Minor Correction
4.6
4.9,4.11
~I
J"
Moved Text
3.2,3.3
3.9,3.10
v;l
ar
All
revisions
FAA Approved:
are
indicated by
vertical
black line,
PAGE
ENSTROM
280FX
HEUCOPTER CORPORAtTON
2208 Pnd STREET. P.O. BOX a9D
MENOM)NEE, MICHIGAN 4985B-aUK) U.S.A.
REPORTNO.
28-AC-020
DATE
1-11-85
LOG OF REVISIONS
Approval
Description
Pages
Rev.
7.3, 10.4.1
n, m, v,
i, m, v, 10.1.1 thru
10.1.13
5
P.A.A.
Approved*
Date
No.
i, v, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9,

10.1.2, 10.1.2.1, 10.2.3,
Corrected EGT
System
description, added Snowshoe
Supplement
5-22-1989
Pat Moe
Wet/Dry Dispersal
System Supplement
1-11-1991
Richard S. Adler
6-8-2007
Joseph Miess
Added
Added 120"F column to VNE
placards.
10.2.3.1
APPROVED FOR MANAGER CHICAGO AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION OFFICE

CENTRAL REGION

NOTE
All revisions
are
indicated
by
an
black vertical line.
Rev. 5 1 JUN 7187
PAGE
Trle ENS1I~ODI HELICOYIEI( COKPORATION
280FX
TWIN C,OUNTY AIRPORT
iii
REPORT NO.
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
P.O. BOX 27~. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN JBBSB
LOG OF SUPPLEMENTS
SUPP.
NO.
PAGES
DESCRIPTION
WET/DR Y DISPERSAL
SVSTEM
DATE
JAN 1 i 1991
:FLOAT.~-tANDING GEAR
EXTERNAL LOADS
JAN 1 1 ~985
S:!OWSHOE
IIAY It fj~j
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
10
ROTOR BRAKE
11
AUXILIARY FUEL TANK
12
~1UFFCER
APPROVED FOR
_FAA APPROVE
July 12, 1985
JAN 11 1985
~d
JAH 11 1385~
JUL 16 t986
MANAGER, CHICAGO AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION OFFICE, CENTRAL REGION
THE: ENSTHOM HEI.ICOITER COHPORATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORI
PO
PAGE
1.0
REPOAT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
BOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
SECTION 1
GENERAL
~ilS
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PAGE
COHPORAT1ON
THE ENSTROM
280FX
PO DOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICH1GAN 49858
SECTION 1
I.
REPORT NO
1.1
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
This
nianual
contains
the
and
instructions,
operating
procedures
limitations for the Enstrom 280FX helicopter.
The manual is divided into
two basic parts, the FAA approved Rotorcraft Flight Manual
(RFM) and
Data
Enstrom
Hel i copter
Suppl emental
provi ded by The
Corporation.
Sections 2 through 5 and the portions of Section 10 so designated make up
the FAA approved RFM.
It is required by Federal Regulations that this
manual be carried in the helicopter at all times.
II.
OWNER RESPONSIBILITIES
Maintaining the helicopterin
an airworthy condition is the responsibility

8
Section
for required inspections.)
To aid the owner
(See
The
Enstrom
Helicopter Corporation has a network of
and
Service
In
addition
this
Centers.
to
Distributors,
Dealers,
The
Enstrom
Operators Manual,
Helicopter Corporation has the following
technical publications available for your helicopter:
of the owner.
in
task
this
A.
280FX Maintenance Manual
B.
280FX Parts Manual
C.
Service
D.
Service Directive Bulletins
Supplement
Supplement
Information Letters
Information
regarding dealer locations,
revisions can be obtained by contacting:
technical
and
publications
Enstrom Helicopter Service

The Enstrom Helicop.ter Corporation
Twin County Airport
PO Box 277
Menominee, Michigan 49858
III.
PILOT RESPONSIBILITIES
A.
The
for
B.
The
C.
The
pilot is responsible
flight.
pilot
specified in
for
is
responsible
Section 2.
determining
for
that
operating
pilot should familiarize himself with

receiving competent flight instruction.
the
helicopter
within
the
entire
the
is
safe
limitations
manual
prior
to
~1
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
IV.
1.2
28-AC-O2O
DATE:
1/11/85
PO BOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS AND NOTES

The use
critical
A.
V.
REPORT NO
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HEI.ICOrTTER COHPORATION
CAUT IONS,
of WARNINGS
instructions is defined
WARNING~:
Ar,
and NOTES
follows:
operating practice
followed, could result
B.
CAUT ION:
An
C.
NOTE:
An
to
emphasize
important
or
in
procedure which, if not correctly

personal injury or loss of life.
operating practice or procedure which, if not correctly

followed, could result in damage to, or destruction of,
equipment.
operating practice or procedure

requires additional information.
which
is
essential
SPECIFICATIONS
A.
Principal
dimensions of 280FX
Width overall
Rotor diameter
Height overall
Length overall
Cabin width at seat
Baggage box dimensions
Tread
landing gear
B.
Type
Designation
Cylinders
Horsepower
28 ft
32 ft
9
29
58
16
7
ft
ft 3 in.
in.
in. x 18 in.
ft 4 in.
31
in.
Lycoming Opposed
HIO-36O-F1AD
4
225 hp (sea level to 12,000 ft)
3050
.69 Ib/hp/hr
357 Ibs
10 qts (8 qts minimum for flight)
RPM
(full rich)
Weight
Oil
C.
helicopters:
Power Plant
SFC
Ratios
Lower drive
pulley to
pulley
Upper pulley to main
1.213:1
(3050
2514
7.154:1
(2514
351
rpm)
8.678:1
1:1
(3050
351
rpm)
rpm)
upper
rotor shaft
Engine
Tail
and
as
to main
rotor
rotor
input
output shaft
shaft to
and
REVISIONS:
ij
~e
m
m
a
z
z:
c:
i~
H a
I
j
I
o
o
z
I
I
~ls (,6.01
zls-
Ils.zn
.isz- cli.o,
R~DUS
1.0
20~
~8.7
ITI~TIE
DRWI
toe!
~1
u~x. F10. 0_6_
ii:
03
o
~-rl
Is.o~
1116.0)
LIU(.*FT
YIH.DRCCP
C.C.
I,
~nn
~o
osla.o~
------I
"Om
128.666)
rrur
rlW
FIGURE
1.1
EI\ISTROM 280FX
Oo
c~o
N
IWIN COUNTI~.PO.T
D,
280FX
PO
Rotor
sox
277
1.4
28-AC-020
DATE
1/11/85
MENO)I(INEE. MICHIG*N*g~B
Systems
Number of blades, main rotor

Chord, main rotor blade
Disk area, main rotor
Number of blades, tail rotor
Chord, tail rotor blade
Disk area, tail rotor
E.
REPORT NO
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HEL1COPI~ER CORPORATION
9.5 in.
804 so ft
2
4.4 in.
17.1 so ft
Weight (see Figure 6.1)
Designed gross weight

Empty weight
Useful load
C.G. travel
NOTE:
2600
1570
1030
96.3
92.0
92.0
Ibs
Ibs
Ibs
in. to 98.0 in. at 2600 Ibs
in. to 98.8 in. at 2350 Ibs
in.
100.0 in,
to
at 2000 lhs
weight-c.g. envelopes apply to this helicopter,

Each
envelope is associated with a
Figure 6.1.
different maximum ceiling and a different VNE limitation,
see Figure 5.1.
Four
gross
see
VI.
PERFORMANCE
A.
(All altitudes are density altitude and performance based

2350 lb gross weight unless otherwise noted.)
Maximum speed
VNE
power
VNE
power off
NOPE:
117
on
See
Four
mph IAS~from SL
Figure 5.1
B.
Cruise
different maximum
C.
Maximum cruise
speed 75%
cei~ing/VNE
power
Issued:
Revi sed:
speed
Maximum range speed
1/11/85
12/14/88
3000 ft
enue~opes app~y
Each
see
Hd.
level
mph IAS
117
TAS at sea level

TAS
at 3000 ft
mph
85
at
sea
mph
Hd
mph IAS
to
envelope corresponds
Figure 6.1.
110
122
D.
to
85 mph IAS from SL to 8200 ft H

See Figure 5.1
helicopter, see Figure 5.1.

gross weight/c.g. envelope,
~I
on
at
sea
level
this
to
PAGE
1.5
REPOAT NO
28-AC-020
DAIE:
1/11/85
THE ENSTROM HELICOI7EH COHPORATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
E.
BOX 277. MENOM1NEE. MICHIGAN 49858
PO
Fuel
consumption
14.7
at
gal/hr
75% power
F.
Maximum endurance,
57 mph IAS at
no
sea
reserve
3.5 hrs
level
42
G.
Fuel
H.
Maximum R/C at
I.
Hover
ceiling
J.
Hover
ceiling OGE
K.
Maximum approved
altitude
capacity
sea
level
gal
1450 ft/min
13,600
IGE
(40 gal usable)
ft
(see
Item
K)
8700 ft
operating
12,000 ft,
see
Figure 5.1
THE ENSPHOM HEI.ICOPTEH COHPORATION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
OPERATING LIMITATIONS
Approved:
2.0
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PO. BOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICH(GAN 49858
SECTION 2
FAA
PAGE
REPORT NO
1/11/85
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
PO
DATE
1/11/85
TYPE OF OPERATION
A.
This
helicopter is approved
non-icing conditions.
NOTE:
B.
II.
2.1
28-AC-020
BOX 277. MENOMINEE. M(CHIGAN 49858
SECTION 2
I.
REPOAT NO.
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HELICOPTER CORI~OHA1ION
operation under day and night
for
Night operation
authorized under visual flight

Orientation must be maintained by ground light
celestial illumination.
Operation
with doors
removed is
VFR
rules
or
only.
adequate
approved.
WEIGHT
A.
The
maximum
weight
gross
of
this
is
helicopter
2600
pounds.
See
Figure 6.1.
III.
CENTER OF GRAVITY
A.
The longitudinal
main rotor head.
B.
There
Figure
are
6.1.
envelopes
C.
-I
FAA
(All airspeeds
Envelope
datum
is
are
100.0 inches
described in
is
the
paragraph
level.
1.
Upper weight limit is
2.
Forward limit at 92.0 inches.
3.
Aft
limit
varies
linearly
2000 Ibs.
100.0 inches
at
2000 Ibs.
1/11/85
IV.
The c.g.
and gross
for
weight limits
the
of
this
one
Also,
lightest weight envelope
sea
Approved:
forward
four gross weight/c.g. envelopes

Each envelope corresopnds to
as
noted.)
IAS unless otherwise
vary
the
See
VNE/altitude
Figure 5.1.
see
with
of
helicopter.
four
of
center
as
VNE
of
117
mph
at
follows:
2350 Ibs.
2350 Ibs
from
at
to
94.6 inches
Aft
limit
at
100.0 inches
below
f~
THI:ENJ.IIIOM ~IRI.ICOPI.EII CI)KPOH*TION

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
O.
PO
280FX
Envelope
The c.g.
is the
and gross
heavier envelope.
It has
limits
follows:
as
weight
var_v
next
i.
Upper weight limit
2.
Fo rwa rd
limit
Pa"E
2.2
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
of
VNE
104
mph.
is 2450 lbs.
varies
linearly
93.8 inches
from
2450 Ibs
at
to
92.0 inches at 2350 Ibs.
E.
3.
Aft
limit
varies
linearly from 96.0 inches at 2450 Ibs
99.2 inches at 2240 pounds and 100.0 inches at 2000 Ibs.
4.
The lower limit

Envelope A.
Envelope
weight
has
corresponds
VNE
limits vary
as
at
the upper forward and aft limits of
to
level
sea
91
of
The
mph.
and
c.g.
gross
follows:
i.
Upper weight limitis
2.
Fo rwa rd limit varies linearly

3.
Aft
limit
varies
linearly from 97.3 inches at 2550 Ibs
98.4 inches at 2470 Ibs and then to 99.2 inches at 2240 Ibs.
4.
Lower
limit
to
2550 Ibs.
correspondes
to
95.5 inches
from
the
forward
upper
2550 Ibs
at
and
to
to
limits
of
sealeve~
of
aft
Envelope B.
F.
Envelope
85
1.
2.
is
The c.g.
mph.
envelope.
and gross
Upper weight
Forward
heaviest
the
It
weight limits
has
VNE
vary
as
at
follows:
limit is 2600 Ibs.
limit
varies
from
96.3 inches
at
2600 Ibs
95.5 inches
to
at 2550 Ibs.
3.
Aft
limit
varies
linearly
4.
Lower
limit
C.
corresponds
to
from
the
98.0 inches
upper
forward
at
and
2600 Ibs
aft
limits
to
of
Envelope
G.
The
lateral
moment
H.
FAA
Lateral
arms
datum
are
line
the
centerline
offset moment limits vary with
i.
From
2025 Ibs
+3700 in-lbs.
2.
Below 2025 Ibs,
Approved:
is
1/11/85
of
the
helicopter.
L a te ra 1
positive right and negative left.
to
see
2600
Ibs,
Figure 6.2.
weight.
limits
See
are
Figure 6.2.
-3250 in-lbs
and
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
IV.
REPORTNO
2.3
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HELICOPTER CORPORATION

P O
AIRSPEED
Never
exceed
altitude.
speed
See
(YNE)
117
mph,
IAS,
sea
level
3000
to
ft
density
5.1 for variations above 3000 ft and for variations
Figure
with gross weight/c.g.

NOTE:
There
are
four
VNE/altitude
envelopes
Each envelope corresponds

helicopter.
weight/c.g. envelopes. See Figure 5.1.
V.
which
to
apply
one
of
to
four
this
gross
ALTITUDE
Maximum
NOTE:
12,000
operating al ti tude
For variations of altitude with gross
approved
2350 lbs.
ft density al t i tu de at
weight, see Figure 5.1.
Takeoffs and landings at 2600 Ibs gross weight were demonstrated

to 7000 ft density altitude in all wind conditions up to 20 mph.
DO NOT EXCEED ENGINE LIMITATIONS.
Takeoffs
to
and
landings
at
2350
Ibs
gross
weight
were
demonstrated
to 15 mph.
10,000 ft density altitude in all wind conditions up
use appropriate caution above

10,000 ft density
altitude and in winds greater than 15 mph to insure safe takeoffs
Operators should
landings.
and
VI.
ROTOR RPM
A.
B.
Flight
limitations power
Minimum:
334 rpm
Maximum:
351 rpm
Flight limitations
Minimum:
334 rpm
Maximum:
385 rpm
See Section 8 for
NOTE:
on:
power off:
adjustment procedures.
During trancient maneuvers, such as simulated power failure durin

pilot training, the rotor RPM may fall below 334. These maneuvers
have been demonstrated with rotor RPM dropping briefly to 280,
however, sufficient time and altitude must be available to regain
RPM.
NOTE:
v,
helicopter is equipped with a low rpm warning

Operating the helicopter below 334 rpmwith the collective
down stop will automatically activate a warning horn.
The
FAA Approved:
Revised:
1/11/85
12/14/88
device.
off the
REPORT NO
2.4
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PAGE
THE ESSTROM HELICOPTER CORPORATION
280FX
,,IN ,,,,,Y
VII.
LYCOMING HIO-360-F1AD
POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS
Engine Modified
per Enstrom
A.
Maximum continuous power:

to 12,000 ft
B.
Engine operating
C.
Minimum:
2900 rpm
Maximum:
3050 rpm
Engine idle
clutch
rpm
Minimum:
1450 rpm
Maximum:
1500 rpm
39.0 in. Hg,
E.
Cylinder head temperature:
F.
EGT:
G.
Fuel:
level
12,000 ft
500"F maximum
or
below
Maximum fuel
b.
Minimum fuel flow

Mg to 39.0 in.
29
Oil
temperature:
Oil
pressure:
100
psi
psi
rich
leaned to 1650"F rich side of

MP
(full rich)
2450 maximum
starting
maximum
psi
full
flow
a.
in.
(green)
normal
and
warm
up
operating
minimum
idling
TRANSMISSION LIMITATIONS
Approved:
Revised:
to
grade gasoline (blue)
Transmission oil temperature:
FAA
level
setting:
in. MP
29
60-90
sea
100/130 aviation grade gasoline
2.
28
sea
1650"F maximum
Fuel mixture
J.
MP,
disengaged
Manifold pressure:
1.
rpm, 39.0 in.
22hp, 3050
D.
H.
Kit LW-14460
rpm:
100LL aviation
VIII.
Turbocharger
1/11/85
12/14/88
225"F maximum
peak
THE ENSTROM
REPORTNO
2~5
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PAGE
CORPORATION
280FX
,,IN
IX.
RESTRICTIONS
flight prohibited.
A.
Instrument
B.
No aerobatic
C.
Hovering
maneuvers
IGE
above
permitted.
10,000
ft
density
altitude
is
limited
minutes.
X. MINIMUM CREW
XI.
A.
One
8.
Solo from left seat
pil6t.
only.
INSTRUMENT MARKINGS
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
(ijl
0
FAA
v,
Revised:
Rotor tachometer
i.
334 rpm
red line
2.
334-385 rpm
green
3.
385 rpm
red line
are
tachometer
Engine
1.
2900 rpm
red line
2.
2900-3050 rpm
green
3.
3050 rpm
red line
are
airspeed
Maximum
rriph (power off)
1.
85
2.
117 mph
(power on)
blue line
red line
Manifold pressure
in.
1.
10 in.
2.
39.0 in.
3.
Overboost light illuminates at 39 in. manifold pressure
to 39
HQ
green
are
red line
Engine oil temperature

1.
245"F
2.
120"
3.
60"
red line
245"F
120"F
green
yellow
are
are
Engine oil pressure

100
2.
60-100
3.
25-50
4.
25
Approved:
red line
psi
1.
psi
psi
psi
1/11/85
12/14/88
green
yellow
are
are
red line
to
five
UVSTRQM
280FX
HELICOPTER CORPORATION
22M) synd STREET
G.
500"F
200" 500" F
28aC-020
DATE
1-1 1-85
red line
green
are
Exhaust gas temperature
1650" F
1.
I.
MENOMINEE, MICMGAN 19858-0080 U.S.A.
2.6
REPORTNO.
head temperature
Cylinder
1.
2.
H.
P.O. BOX 490
PAGE
Maximum
(digital
readout with
placard)
Transmission oil temperature
225"F
0" 225" F
1.
2.
red line
green
are
PLACARDS
XII.
A.
Placards that
are
required
to be
placed
in view of the
pilot
are:
THIS HELICOPTER MUST BE OPERATED IN

COMPLIANCE WITH THE OPERATING LIMITATIONS
1.
SPECIFIED IN THE FAA APPROVED ROTORCRAFT

FLIGHT MANUAL
PLACARDS FOR 280FX
2,
The
a.
VNE (located
following V, placards
overhead above center windshield):
are
used
on
all 280FX helicopters up to
serial number 2132.
2699
L7
2400
g
8
CG-lnches
2600
c"i
2400
~ZMO
W
96
98
100
109
110
105
96
105
96
87
78
96
87
78
69
60
BE
78
69
59
70
60
117
117
117
117
117
115
6099
117
116
111
8000
112
107
10,000
12000
99
81
VNE IAS ~MPH) FOR ENVELOPE
60
28-1 80045-11
415 TEMPERANRE "F
PRESSURE
ALnNDE
-20
20
40
60
80
iDO
SEA LEVEL
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
2000
104
1(34
104
104
104
102
98
4000
104
104
104
102
99
94
85
6000
104
193
99
95
85
76
68
67
58
94
117
117
117
moo
lao~
117
114
117
2000
109
117
117
117
4000
98
100
117
96
80
20
117
8000
100
96
86
76
10,000
89
78
68
58
81
70
60
800
"8
40
2000
94
PIR
-20
2200
tso8S
c~
v~- IAS (MPHJ FOR ENVECOPE

PRESSURE
ALTITUDE
SEALEVEt
2&1 80046-11
CGlnches
FAA
Approved:
June 8, 2007
Rev. 5
JUN 7107
ENSTROM
280FX
2209 22nd S~FIEET
2.
P.O. BOX 490~ MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN *9B5~BD U.SA.
PLACARDS FOR 280FX
PAGE
2.7
REPORTNO.
28-AC-020
DATE
1-1 1-85
V,,
a.(continued)
C
VNE IAS (MPH) FOR ENVELOPE
2600r
PRESSURE
ALTITUDE
d
2400
I SEALEVEL
2000
1
Y(c~
2299/
A
2000
96
98
-20
20
40
60
80
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
100
91
89
87
4000
91
91
91
90
87
83
74
6000
91
90
87
83
74
65
57
8000
88
85
75
65
56
81
71
61
9609
94
OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE
28-1 80047-11
100
GO-inches
2600r
/f771
VNE IAS (MPH) FOR ENVELOPE D
2499
-20
20
40
60
80
100
85
85
85
85
85
84
83
2000
85
85
85
84
83
82
81
40M)
85
84
83
82
B1
78
69
6000
83
82
81
79
69
59
8000
81
80
70
60
9000
80
71
60
(3
L"
V)
2090
i
94
96
98
;TURE F
PRESSURE
ALTITUDE
SEA LEVEL
28-180048-1 i
inn
CG-lnches
b.
The
following VNE placards
are
used
on
all 280FX
subsequent. 280FX helicopters

also use the following placards.
number 2133 and

2132 may
VNE IAS (MPH) FOR EN VELOPE

20
40
117
117
117
117
117
117
117
117
4000
117
117
117
115
6000
117
116
111
8000
112
107
000
99
12,000
81
-20
SEA LEVEL
2000
1BO~
94
96
CG-lnches
FAA
Approved:
June 8, 2007
98
100
Al
ALTINDE
up to serial number
OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERANREF
PRESSURE
2000
helicopters serial
60
80
100
120
117
117
117
117
117
114
109
104
110
105
96
87
105
96
87
78
69
96
87
78
69
60
88
78
69
59
70
60
2&1 80045-13
Rev. 5 1 JUN 7/07
UVSTROM
2209 22nd s7ReEf
2.
P.a. BOX
2600
MENOMINEE, MICHIGAN 498589a90 U.S.A.
PLACARDS FOR 280FX

b,
c~
B
28-AC-020
DATE
1-1 1-85
V,,
VNE- (AS (MPH) FOR ENVELOPE
(B1
PRESSURE
-20
20
40
60
80
100
120
SEA LEML
104
104
104
104
104
104
~04
104
4000
104
104
104
102
99
94
85
76
6000
104
103
99
95
85
76
68
60
8000
100
96
86
76
67
58
10,000
89
78
68
58
10,800
81
70
60
2200
A
0
2.8
REPORTNO.
(continued)
/L*r -~L-D
2400
280FX
PAGE
2000
1809~
94
96
98
198
CG-Inches
2600
c-~
2400
t
v,,-
TUREF
-20
20
40
60
80
100
SEA LEVEL
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
91
2000
91
91
91
91
91
89
87
85
4000
91
91
91
90
87
83
74
65
sooo
91
90
87
83
74
65
57
8000
88
85
75
65
56
81
71
61
9600
92
96
94
98
FOR ENMLOPEC
ALTI
C:
1
(MPH)
PRESSURE
v,
IAS
2&1 80046-2 3
120
28-180047-13
100
GO-inches
PRESSURE
TINDE
2400
"00
V)
leoo~i
FOR ENVELOPE D
VNE IAS (MPH)
2800
94
96
98
OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATVRE F
I
-20
20
40
60
80
100
120
SEALEML
85
B5
85
85
65
84
83
82
2DOO
85
86
85
84
83
82
B1
80
4000
85
84
83
82
81
78
69
60
8000
83
82
81
79
69
59
60
8000
81
80
70
9000
80
71
60
28-1 8004&13
100
CC-Inches
NO SMOKING
3.
(This placard
FAA
Approved:
June 8, 2007
not
required when approved ashtray is installed.)
Rev. 5
JUN 7107
ENSTTZOM
280FX
2208 22nd STREET P.O. BOX 460 MENOMINEE, MICHLGAN (685&0490 U.S.A.
4.
PAGE
2.9
REPORTNO.
28-AC-020
DATE
1-1 1-85
THIS HELICOPTER IS APPROVED FOR OPERATION

UNDER DAY AND NIGHT VFR
NON-ICING
CONDITIONS ONLY
5.
COLLECTIVE FRICTION TO BE USED FOR GROUND

OPERATION ONLY
(This placard
B.
placard
to be
to be
placed adjacent
to the collective friction
placed in the baggage compartment is
as
device.)
follows:
MAXIMUM WEIGHT IN THIS COMPARTMENT IS 108 LBS.
OBSERVE C.G. AND GROSS WEIGHT LIMITATIONS

C.
STOW FLAT ON FLOOR BEFORE FLIGHT
(This placard
FAA
Approved:
June 8, 2007
to be
placed
on
clutch
handle.)
Rev. 5
JUN 7107
PAGE
3.0
REPORT NO.
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
?)(E ESSTHOM HEI.ICOlrEM COHPORA~IION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
BOX 271. MENOM(NEE. MICHIGAN 49858
SECTION 3
EMERGENCY AND MALFUNCTION PROCEDURES
v,
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
~4
4
280FX
TWIN COUNTY A1RPORT
PO
BOY 271
3~1
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DnTE:
1/11/85
MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
SECTION 3
I.
P"GE
GENERAL
This section describes the system failures and malfunctions that may occur
and establishes the emergency procedures used to maintain control and get
the helicopter safely on the ground.
II.
ENGINE FAILURE
The
indications of an engine failure, either partial or complete

are a left yaw and a drop in engine and main rotor rpm.
power
loss,
NOTE:
Loss of rotor rpm will
result in
low rpm
warning light
and horn.
When these conditions are encountered the procedures to be followed are

determined
by the altitude and airspeed available to establish an
autorotative
glide, while maintaining control of the helicopter and
sufficient rotor rpm fora successful landing.
A.
Engine
When
1.
Altitude above 375 ft AGL.
Failure
failure
engine
Enter
occurs
autorotation
to trim
right pedal
2.
Stabilize at58
CAUTION:
3.
Check
green
proceed
as
(collective
helicopter).
mph glide (best
follows:
full
rate
down,
of descent
NOTE:
idle
speed).
Adjust collective to keep rotor in

rpm.
is stopped, turn OFF fuel boost pump and
If
altitude and time
ICO position.
in
3.2.
landing site.
engine is running and suitable landing site is not

glide distance, the pilot should attempt to fly
the helicopter at reduced power settings to a favorable
The
pilot should be prepared for a
landing area.
complete loss of power at any time under these
If
within
conditions.
5.
FAA
Approved:
Revised:
At
approximately
1/11/85
7/12/85
and
to
high rates of descent, sustained autorotation
speed is limited to 85 mph to 8200 ft; above 8200 ft see
Maximum glide distance in autorotation is
Figure 5.1.
Reduce collective
attained at 80 mph and 334 rotor rpm.
to build rpm prior to touchdown.
engine and rotor

If engine
are.
Select
to
Due
place mixture control

permit, see Air Restart Procedure, Page
4.
throttle
50
ft AGL
apply
aft
cyclic
to
reduce
speed.
PAGE
TI(E ESSIHI)M HEI.I(OITEI( COHIOI(ATI()S
280FX
COUNTY *(F~YORT
P O
BOX 2~). MENOMINEE.
3.2
28-AC-020
DATE
1/11/85
~ltHIGAN a9858
helicopter with forward cyclic at an altitude sufficient to

As
heliCopter settles toward
provide tail rotor clearance.
collective
to
cushion
landing.
ground, apply up
6.
Level
7.
Maximum
35
mph.
recommended ground contact speed

Reduce speed on rough surfaces.
on
surfaces
prepared
Avoid rapid lowering of collective or use of

after ground contact or during ground slide.
CAUTION:
3.
REPORTNO
aft
is
cyclic
Air Restart
After an engine failure in flight the decision to attempt a restart

will depend on the altitude and potential landing areas available.
is
after
control
concern
primary
autorotation.
DO NOT attempt air restart if control
CAUT ION:
Helicopter
entering
will be
jeopardized.
DONOT attempt air restart when below 3000 ft AGL.
1.
Adjust collective as required to maintain

and establish 58 mph autorotative glide.
2.
Select landing site.
3.
Grip cyclic between
pull
OFF and
Rotate throttle to start
5.
Engage
6.
When
7.
Slowly
Engine
rpm
in
knees and with right hand turn fuel

mixture control to idle cut off.
4.
green
are
boost pump
position (startindex up).
starter.
engine fires, mixturefull rich and boost pump ON.

increase
in green
C.
rotor
throttle until
engine and
rotor
tach needles
join
are.
Failure
Altitude above 10 feet and below 375 ft AGL.
an
engi ne failure occurs at low altitude and low airspeed,
sufficient altitude may not be available to increase rotor rpm.
The
collective must be adjusted for tile conditions in order to reach the
touchdown
The
collective
point without excessive rotor droop.
reduction will vary from no reduction at zero airspeed and 10 feet to
full down collective at higher altitudes and airspeeds.
When engine
failure occurs proceed as follows:
When
i.
Adjust collective
and
FAA
Approved:
Revised:
right pedal
1/11/85
12/14/88
to
to maintain
trim
rotor
helicopter,
rpm,
throttle to idle
position
6~
1)
TI(E EESTIUI HBI.ICOI7LN COHIIIII~Tl(l\i

TWIN COVNTI *IRPO(I~
PO BOX 2r3
2.
MENOMINEE
At
altitude
approximately
of
AGL
50 ft
helicopter with forward cyclic

provide tail rotor clearance.
5.
As helicopter settles
cushion landing.
6.
Maximum
mph.
aft
use
cyclic
to
reduce
speed.
Level
toward
the
at
altitude sufficient to
an
on
Avoid rapid lowering of collective
ground
contact
or
collective
to
prepared surfaces
is
ground apply
recommended ground contact speed

Reduce speed on rough surfaces.
after
or
during ground
up
use of aft
slide.
cyclic
Failure at Hover in Ground Effect
Engine Cai~ure
helicopter to
engine failure
i.
1/11/85
glide.
for autorotative
4.
Engine
28-AC-020
DATE:
altitudes and low airspeed use forward cyclic

At
to increase forward speed to approximately 58 niph.
be
will
low altitudes and higher airspeed aft cyclic
required to reduce speed prior to ground contact.
CAUTION:
D.
3.3
REPORTNO
higher
At
forward
35
pact
MICHIGAN ~9858
Adjust cyclic
NOTE:
3.
280FX
at
the
and
hover is indicated
a
Avoid sideward
left.
proceed
Apply right pedal
to
by
or
sudden yawing of the

rearward movement after
follows:
as
prevent yawing and align s~ids in direction
of motion.
2.
DO NOT reduce collective.
3.
As
helicopter
settles
the
to
ground, add up collective
to
cushion
landing.
III.
DITCHING WITHOUT POWER

If
engine failure occurs

procedure and proceed as
k.
Unlatch doors.
B.
Land.
C.
As
jj~s
~I
FAA Approved:
Revised:
water,
accomplish engine
Complete nornial autorotational landing
collective
water,
over
apply
reaches full
lateral
full
iii1/85
12114188
failure emergency
follows:
in water.
position and helicopter settles

cyclic in direction helicopter tends
up
in
to
280FX
PO
T~WIN COVNTY nlllPOP1
O.
HOX Zji
PAGE
3.4
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
MENOUINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
Pilot and passengers
helicopter
helicopter
Clear
WARNING:
exit
when main rotor stops.
quickly
as
as
possible.
DITCHING WITH POWER
IV.
If
ditching is unavoidable without other

Descend to low
B.
Unlatch both doors.
C.
Exit passengers.
D.
Hover clear of passengers.
E.
Turn off master and alternator,
F.
Close throttle and
G.
collective reaches full up

water, apply full right lateral
H.
Exit
helicopter
Clear
over
complete hovering
As
WARNING:
V.
hovering altitude
A.
recourse,
when
rotor
helicopter
proceed
as
follows:
water.
autorotation.
position and helicopter settles into

cyclic.
stops.
as
quickly
as
possible.
TURBOCHARGER OR WASTEGATE FAILURE
wastegate seizure will be evidenced by loss of manifold

It
operating at manifold pressures above ambient pressure.
Turbocharger
pressure,
should be
altitudes
or
if
fl ight at reduced airspeeds and

maintain level
be
should
capable of maintaining manifold pressure
If
the
turbocharger seizes or the wastegate
equal to ambient pressure.
full
seizes in the
bypass condition, proceed as follows:
possible to
as the engine
A.
Perform
B.
Land
as
power check to confirm power available for
soon
as
practicable,
using
running
landing
landing.
(see
Section
4,
paragraph XVI).
VI.
LOW ENGINE OIL PRESSURE

A.
Low Oil
Pressure
and
Fiormal
Oil
Temperature
pressure is accompanied by
a
possibility the oil pressure gauge
Th i s is not necessarily cause
ing.
Proceed as follows:
landing.
If
FAA
Approved:
low oil
1/11/85
normal oil temperature there is

valve is malfunctionor relief
for an immediate precautionary
dP
pciGE
3,5
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
TIIE
280FX
B.
BOY 21i
PO
TWIN tOVNTY AIRPORT
i.
Land at nearest suitable
2.
Inspect
flight.
for
and
Total
Loss of Oil
If
total
correct
landing
this
area.
source
loss of oil
pressure is acconipanied
this is a good indication that the
Proceed as follows:
VII.
i.
Reduce
engine
2.
Select
continuing
Pressure
temperature,
imminent.
before
trouble
of
by a rise in oil
engine failure is
immediately.
power
suitable forced landing field and land with power.
TAIL ROTOR MALFUNCTIONS
of the many different malfunctions that can occur, success in

malfunctions
with tail
rotor
depends upon recognition of the
The following is a
condition and use of the proper emergency procedure.
the appropriate
and
malfunctions
of
basic
the
three
of
types
description
Because
coping
emergency
A.
procedures
Complete
Loss
to
Rotor Thrust
of Tail
rotor drive
condition can be caused by a failure of the tail
or a failure of the contro7
system which would al7ow the blades
to assume a neutral pitch condition.
This
system
i.
Hovering flight
When
tail
will
left
rotate
a.
rotor
pedal.
Roll
Proceed
throttle
slow down
b.
2.
Approved:
or
to
as
During flight
near
off.to
full
idle
ground,
suitable landing
Helicopter
will
to
right
cushion
landing
with
with
full
application
of
follows:
throttle full
off to
up
area
a.
Roll
b.
Complete autorotational landing.
1/11/85
position.
stop rotation.
rotate
as
hovering flight the helicopter

with full application of
even
lost in
the right,
follows:
is
As helicopter settles to
collective (throttle off).
Helicopter will
Proceed
pedal.
FAA
thrust
rapidly
idle and enter autcrotation.
left
~9
~Q,
P*~E
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
PO
280FX
BOX 2i:. MENOMINEE. MICnlGAN 19858
REPORT NO
3~6
28-AC-020
DnTE:
1/11/85
During flight
3.
If suitable
landing area is not available within autorotative
glide distance, pilot should proceed as follows after establishing
autorotation at 60 niph or above:
Increase collective pitch and power

60 to 80 mph until yaw to the right
a.
gradually,
reaches
maintaining
a
maximum
of
45"
b.
Conti nue
fl ight
in
directional
control
site is reached.
Complete
c.
B.
Fixed Pitch
this
fa s h i
until
autorotational
cycl i c stick for

autorotational
landing
using
on
suitable
landing.
Setting
This
is a malfunction involving loss of control resulting in a fixed

Whether the nose will rotate left or right depends
pitch setting.
the
of the pedals when the controls were jammed or
setting
upon
locked.
i.
Fixed
If
right pedal
the
power
tail
rotor
pitch becomes fixed during an approach or low

will
turn
to the right when power
nose
is
the
Proceed as
setting,
applied.
follows:
a.
Remove feet from
b.
Maintain 24 inches manifold pressure and 50
c.
Fly to suitable area

approach at 50 mph.
d.
Adjust
pedals.
and
complete
mph.
shallow
power
on
throttle
and
collective
pitch so the helicopter
down straight ahead
at
an
airspeed of 0-10 mph.
Reduce throttle and collective cautiously as skids contact
surface.
touches
CAUTION:
i.
Fixed left
If
the
tail
settings,
reduced
23 in.
-I
Approved:
1/11/85
abort the emergency landing

has diminished below 40 mph.
after
airspeed
pedal
rotor pitch becomes
the
helicopter will
below
23
in,
fixed
yaw
during
to
the
cruise
left
or
high
power
when
is
power
above
settings
manifold
Power
pressure.
will
normal
near
produce
pressure
at airspeeds above 60 mph.
Proceed as follows.
manifold
conditions
FAA
DO NOT
flight
P"GE
3.7
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE
1/11/85
l.ilE ETSTIII)X HRI.ICI)I?EII COlilllli\.llO~
280FX
T~IN COVNTY AIRPORI
PO
BOX 217
MENOMINEE. MICnlGAN n4BSfi
Fly
a.
23
area
at
manifold pressure and
60
Complete
b.
landing
suitable
to
in.
CAUTION:
shallow power-on
of at
power setting
or above.
least
mph
approach
at
60
mph.
DO NOT AUTOROTATE.
Adjust throttle and collective pitch so that the helicopter

touches down straight ahead at an airspeed of O to 10 mph.
c.
Reduce throttle and collective
d.
pitch cautiously
as
skid gear
surface.
contacts
of
to
settings greater than
power
manifold pressure will make the helicontrollable.
Therefore,
landing
copter more
attempt may be aborted and new approach initiated
NOTE:
Application
23 inches
if
C.
Loss
of Tail
Rotor
or
required.
Components
If
weight lost will determine the helicopter reaction.
amount of weight is lost the situation would be similar to a
a small
If a large amount of weight is lost and
loss of thrust situation.
there is a drastic forward shift in C.G., immediate autorotation is
the only emergency procedure available.
The
VIII.
amount
of
MAIN ROTOR GEARBOX

A.
Transmission
If
the
power.
main rotor transmission temperature exceeds red line, reduce

If the temperature remains above red line, make a power-on
landing
B.
Temperature
as
soon
as
possible.
Elain Rotor Transmission
Chip Light
If the main rotor transmission chip light

transmission temperature is below the red
ture
the
and land as soon as practicable.

chip detector (see NOTE).
transmission chip
rotor
~f the main
transmission temperatures, land as soon
C.
Tail
If
Rotor Transmission
the
tail
rotor
landing
(see NOTE).
power-on
-I
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
on
in
flight
line, monitor
landing,
reniove
the
and
light is acconipanied
as
possible.
and
the
tempera-
inspect
by
high
Chip Light
chip light comes on

practicable and inspect
transmission
as
On
comes
soon
as
flight, make a
the chip detector
in
;QI
PAGE
280 F X
PO
1WIN COUN-Y r\lRPORI
BOX lil. MENOUINEE
NOTE:
New
REPORT NO
3.8
28-AC-020
DATE
1/11/85
UICnlGAN ,9858
recently overhauled
or
gearboxes
generate
which will collect around the chip detector

This type of contamination is normal and
as a gray sludge.
may be cleaned off \Jith a soft cloth, and the chip detector
Any metallic
may be reinstalled and the flight continued.
chip greater than 1/16 inch in diameter or cross section, or
chip light accompanied by high transmission temperature is
In the event of
cause for discontinuationof normal
flight.
finding large chips, please call your nearest Enstrom
service center or the Enstrom factory.
Specific instructions in removal, checking and reinstallation of the chip
detector
be
found
in
Section 8,
paragraph V ~k),
may
"fuzz"
ferrous
page 8.11.
IX.
FIRE
If
IN FLIGHT
fire,
smoke,
or
the
odor
of
smoke
is
in
detected
flight,
proceed
as
fol lows:
X.
A.
Land immediately using power-on
B.
Turn the master and alternator switch to the OFF
C.
If smoke obstructs
vision, unlatch doors and let them trail open.
D.
Shut off
soon
E.
Fuel
F.
as
fire, smoke,
or
on
the
the odor of smoke is detected,
A.
Shut off
8.
Shut fuel
valve
C.
Pilot and
passenger clear the
engine
and all
ground.
proceed
follows.
as
switches.
OFF.
helicopter immediately.
ALTERNAIOR MALFUNCTION
of
the
alternator will
discharge on the
line, proceed as follows:
FAA
is
Cleay~_the helicopter immediate~y.
constant
helicopter
valve OFF.
A malfunction
~I
as
position.
FIRE ON THE GROUND

if
XT.
engine
approach.
ammeter.
be
To
A.
Alternator circuit breaker in.
B.
Alternator excite circuit breaker in.
C.
Cycle
Approved:
alternator switch.
1/11/85
indicated
put
the
by
zero
charge
alternator
back
rate
on
or
the
REPORT NO
3.9
28-AC-020
DATE
1/11/85
PAGE
THE ESLi7WOy HEI.ICOIIER COHIOHATION

TWIN COUNTY *IR~OR T
D.
PO
280FX
BOY 277 MENOMINEE. UICHIGAN 198Y)
If alternator
is
not
restored
or
goes
off the
nonessential electrical equipment and land
as
line
again,
soorl
as
turn
off all
practicable.
ELECTRIC BOOST PUMP FAILURE
XII.
boost pump will be indicated by illumination

The engine will continue to function.
low boost warning light.
Ii the low boost warning light comes on, land as soon as practicable.
Failure of the electric fuel

of
XIII.
red,
CLUTCH DISENGAGEMENT LIGHT ON
Should the manual clutch become disengaged during flight, it will result
in an instantaneous engine overspeed and severe left yaw if manifold
These indications will be instantaneous and
pressure is much above idle.
An i ndi cati on of a
the pilot should
immediately enter autorotation.
clutch disengagement without engine overspeed or severe yaw may mean that
a clutch
disengagement is probable or that the microswitch or electrical
The pilot should proceed as follows:
circuit has malfunctioned.
A.
8.
Clutch Disengagement
with Motion Cues
on
1.
Enter autorotation and reduce power to idle.
2.
Perform autorotative
3.
Inspect for and

flight.
Clutch
landing.
correct
Disengagement Light
2.
Land at nearest suitable
Inspect for and

flight.
of
correct
the
before
trouble
continuing
cues
for sudden clutch
landing
for
prepared
disengaged.
Be
source
without motion
prepared
Reduce power and be
3.
the
on
i.
CAUTION:
XIV.
Light
disengagement.
area.
autorotation
source
of
should
trouble
clutch
before
become
continuing
ABNORMAL VIBRATIONS
classified as either low
frequency vibrations are generally
frequency or high frequency.
while
the high
caused
frequency vibrations
by the main rotor system
drive
tail
or
rotor.
Any
sys tem,
usually originate from the engine,
that
correct and
is
not
indication
abnormal vibrations are an
something
If a vibration
should be referred to a mechanic before further flight.
indication
is
it
that
an
something has
suddenly appears during a flight,
landed
be
should
as soon as practical
suddenly changed. The helicopter
Vibrations in this
can
usually
Low
FA~
kpproved:
Revised:
1j!!/85
12/14/88
be
6;
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPDRT
REPORT NO
3.10
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/21/85
PAGE
THE ENS1HOM HELICOPI~F:H COHPOHAIION

ABNORMAL VIBRATIONS CONT.
XIV.
and inspected to find the cause of the vibration.

After the cause of the
vibration has been indentified, the pilot and the mechanic can determine
whether the helicopter can be safely flown or should be repaired on the
spot. An abnormal vibration is reason to get the aircraft down as soon as
possible, but the pilot must also use caution and select the safest
and
wi res
other
around
s i te
possible
landing
working
people,
obstructions.
FAA
Approved:
12/14/88
THE ENSTROM HfSI,ICO~TER CORPOHA1ION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
NORMAL PROCEDURES
FAA
Approved:
4.0
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
SECTION 4
-s
PAGE
REPORT NO.
1/11/85
(Q
1)
PnoE
4.1
TWH RNSTHOM HBI.ITOI~BH CURPOR*710N
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PO BOX 27). MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
NORMAL PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
T.
REPORTNO
PREFLIGHT PLANNING
A.
Review and be familiar with Section
B.
and
Calculate weight
balance
and
Section 6, "Weight and Balance."
C.
Obtain weather briefing and file
D.
Refer to Section 5,
within limitations for
2, "Operating Limitations."
review
information
loading
in
flightplan.
helicopter is
planned loads, winds, temperatures and pressure
Pe rfo rma n ce
determi
to
if
ne
altitudes.
NOTE:
experience
prior
to
within
E.
II.
training is another factor to consider

conijucting
flights, even if helicopter is
its operating envelope.
Pilot
Check
helicopter
airworthy.
PREFLIGHT
and
certain
and
engine log
books
to
determine
if
helicopter
INSPECTION
designed to be used as a guide while performing

familiarize
with
Thoroughly
yourself
preflight
inspection.
Maintenance Manual before utilizing this checklist.
This
A.
checklist
to
starting
following
the
the
the
exterior
inspection,
check
the
cabin
for
the
items:
FAA Form 8100-2.
i.
Standard Airworthiness Certificate,
2.
Certificate of Aircraft
3.
If communications radio
License FCC Form 556.
4.
for helicopter to be flown.

Check forms F-165A and
F-168A in Section 6 for actual weight and balance of helicopter to
be flown.
The serial number of the helicopter to be flown should
NOTE:
Approved:
Registration, AC
is
installed
Form 8050-3.
Aircraft
Radio
Stations
Flight Manual
appear
FAA
is
Cabin
Prior
~I
is
1/11/85
on
these forms.
The above items are to be carried in the helicopter at
all times.
Owners and operators of exported helicopters
Officials
should
check
their
Aviation
with
to
own
determine documents required.
THE ENSTHOM
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
B.
PO
BOX 277
Master switch
6.
Ignition
7.
All
8.
Fuel
switch
valve
4.2
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
OFF.
OFF.
other switches
Exterior
280FX
5.
REPORTNO
PAGE
COHIOHATION
OFF.
ON.
Inspection
i.
Remove
2.
Left door
3.
Windshield
check condition.
4.
Pitot tube
unobstructed.
5.
Landing light
6.
Kight door
7.
Right oleo struts

of fuel dipstick.
and tie-downs.
covers
NOTE:
check
condition, security and latch operation.
check condition.
check condition,
Align
Sight
Strut extension may be
fuel
dipstick
across
indicated
are
security and latch operation.
top of
on
with
cross
checked with back side
centerline on fairing bump.

normal operating levels
tube
the stick.
TOP OF CROSS TUBE
BACK SIDE OF FUEL DIP STICK
CENTERLINE FAIRING BUMP
8.
Right landing
handling wheel
9.
Right side engine compartment.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
~jl
g.
~s
FAA
~I
Revised:
Approved:
check condition and security.

gear
removed or in up position and secured.
Check
ground
Electrical wiring
condition and terminals tight.
Induction system
no
obstructions, filter secure, induction
hose and lines secure and backfire and alternate air doors
free.
Fuel filter
secure and drain fuel sample into jar.
Fuel lines
secure and no signs of leakage.
Oil lines- secure and no signs of leakage.
Exhaust
no cracks or signs of leakage.
Cowl door
secure.
1/11/85
7/12/85
f~
P""E
TnE ENETROM HFIICOIT*-R CollrOH*TION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
10.
PO
43
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
Upper inspection door.

tank drain
drain sample into jar.
Swashplate and control rods
Fuel tank and lines
check for leaks and lines and fitting
Fuel
a.
b.
c.
secure.
Fire curtain
d.
11.
Kick-in step door.

a.
b.
c.
d.
12.
check condition.
Belt
drive system
check security and condition of idler
main
drive
belt.
pulley,
Tail rotor drive shaft
check condition of flex coupling.
Rotor tach drive
check condition.
check condition.
Cooling fan
Right fuel tank.

Check for leaks, fuel
13.
and cap secured.
From steps.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
14.
quantity
Check main rotor gearbox filler cap closed.

Check area between fuel tanks for leaks and obstruction to
air flow.
Main rotor shaft
check condition.
Main rotor blades
security and condition of leading edge
blade tape, no bond separations, cracks or corrosion.
Main
rotor retention pins secured.
Check main rotor hub for security of all fasteners, no cracks
or obvious damage.
Main rotor pitch links
check for binding or looseness.
Main rotor dampers
check for security and no leakage.
Baggage
a.
b.
c.
box.
Check contents secured.

Open inspection door
Normal level is
gauge.
Door secured.
15.
Right
16.
Tail
17.
Horizontal
static
cone
port
Observe weight limitations.

check main rotor transmission
halfway
mark
on
sight
check unobstructed.
check condition.
and
vertical
stabilizers
check
lights
security.
condition
security.
18.
-I
FAA
Approved:
Position and anti-collision
1/11/85
sight
gauge.
check
and
dr4
280FX
C~
TWIN
COUNTY AIRPOAT
19.
PO
80X 1r7. MENOMINEE
Tail
a.
b.
c.
P*GE
4~4
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
MICHIGAN 49858
rotor

Control cables
check for oil leakage and check oil
rotor transmission
for
Check
security of attachment.
quantity.
Tail rotor guard
check for security and evidence of strike
Tail
damage.
e,.
check
condition
Pitch change mechanism
and
Check pitch links for binding or looseness.
Tail rotor hub
check security.
Check condition
f.
Tail
d.
operation.
of
teeter
stop bumpers.
check security.
Check for cracks or bond
Check strike tabs for evidence of strike.
rotor blades
separations.
20.
Left static
21.
Tail
rotor driveshaft
a.
Open
b.
Check securi-ty and condition of driveshaf"c,

flex couplings and driveshaft cover.
c.
Close driveshaft
22.
port
unobstructed.
forward three sections of driveshaft
cover
and check
cover.
hangar bearings,
security.
Inspection door.
a.
Belt
drive
tensioning
system
system
clutch and check belt

-.engage manual
for
Disengage manual.
rigging.
proper
clutch.
b.
23.
Cooling
Left fuel
fan
check condition.
tank.
Check for leaks, fuel

24.
Upper inspection
a.
b.
c.
d.
quantity and cap secured.
door
10 quarts full, 8 quarts minimum

Check engine oil quantity
for flight.
drain sample into jar.
Fuel tank drain
Swashplate and control rods
Fuel tank and lines
check for leaks, lines and fittings
secure.
e.
FAA
Approved:
Fire curtain
1/11/85
check condition.
REPORT NO
4.5
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PAGE
THE ENSTHOM HEI.ICOIT~TF:R COHPOHATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
25.
BDX 2~17. MENOMINEE. M1CHIGAN 49858
Left engine compartment

Check condition
and
around
check
of thermal
area
cover
turbocharger for
evidence of heat damage.
check
for
Exhaust
security and
system and wastegate
in detent,
should
be
evidence of leakage.
linkage
Wastegate
with
and
unrestricted
free
be
should
motion
throttle
associated wastegate motion.
Cowl door secure.
Turbocharger
a.
b.
c.
26.
Left oleo struts
27.
Left
wheel
28.
III.
Check
gear
removed
or
(see

in up position and secured.
operation of all lights
for
Item
Ground
7).
handling
night flight.
BEFORE STARTING ENGINE
A.
Adjust pedals.
B.
Seat belts fastened and.doors latched.
C.
Flight
D.
Throttle
E.
Collective full
F.
Fuel
G.
Heater
H.
Rotor clutch
check for full
controls
as
Center
cyclic and pedal.
down and locked.
tin).
desired
tin
for
OFF).
disengaged.
Starting helicopter with clutch engaged will not damage

rotor system but will severely overload the starter motor.
idle cutoff
I.
Mixture control
J.
Check
K.
Altimeter set to field elevation.
L.
Radio(s) off, frequenciesset.
M.
All
Approved:
travel.
OFF.
valve ON
CAUTION:
FAA
landing
check extension and security
magnetic
in
position.
compass.
switches off and circuit breakers set.
1/11/85
THE ENYTROM HELICOPI~ER COHPORATION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY *IRPORT
IV.
PO
4.6
REPORTNO
28-AC-020
DATE.
1/11/85
BOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGP~N 49858
STARTING ENGINE
A.
Collective down and locked.
B.
Master switch ON.
C.
Alternator switch ON
O.
Starter
E.
Trim motor CB ON.
F.
Throttle open
G.
Mixture control full rich.
H.
Boost pump switched ON
I.
Boost pump switched OFF.
J.
Ignition switch
K.
Then open to start position

Throttle closed.
Section 7, "Aircraft and Systems Description."
(OFF
for APU
start).
relay CB ON.
CAUTION:
(full).
(5-8 seconds).
BOTH.
(i.e.,
throttle opening on starting

overspeed which results in severe
Excessive
engine
idle cutoff
Mixture control
M.
Engage starter button. When engine fires, release

push mixture control to full rich.
to
If
N.
Turn fuel
boost pump ON.
O.
Check
P.
Disconnect APU.
Q.
Alternator ON.
R.
Check
engine oil
engine
idle
result
speed; should
and
in
an
engine damage.
starter
button and
starter
be 1450 to 1500 rpm.
rpm must
engine oil pressure is

smoothly, rotor may be engaged.
1/11/85
12/14/88
See
pressure off "0" mark within 30 seconds.
Idle mixture
altitude.
When
FAA Approved:
Revi sed:
will
up).
engine fails to start within 2-3 seconds, release

button, prime engine using steps F through K.
NOTE:
S.
index
(ICO).
L.
NOTE:
~I
PAGE
above
be
25
adjusted for change
psi
and
engine
is
in
base
running
1)
P""E
Ta. ENJ1.ROM HI~I.ICDPII:R COKII)H*Plnh.
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIAPORT
PO
BOX 277
REPORTNO.
1/11/85
DATE:
V.
47
28-AC-020
STARTING HOT OR FLOODED ENGINE
A.
Hot
engine.
Prime
steps
engine 3-5 seconds.

through M.
Proceed
with
normal
procedure,
starting
NOTE:
If engine fails to start after 2-3 seconds, slowly move

mixture control to full rich position while cranking engine.
DO MOT engage starter for more than 5 seconds in full rich
position.
B.
Flooded
engine.
throttl e full
Ignition swi tch in OFF posi ti on
open and mixture
control
in ICO.
Press starter and crank engine for 3-5 seconds.
Throttle closed,
then
cracked open to start index up position.
ON
switch
and
Ignition
proceed with normal startingsequence.
VI.
ROTOR ENGAGEMENT
A.
Check collective down and locked.

CAUTION:
Heavy spring capsule forces are present with

rotor rpm, and damage to the helicopter and
zero
or
engine
low
can
result if the collective is allowed to rise.

Collective friction is to be used for ground
B.
C.
Check
Center
pedals
cyclic
with trim motors.
Check
E.
Maintain throttle in idle position (1450-1500

clutch until engine rpm drops to 1100-1200 rpm.
F.
When rotor rpm reaches
G.
area
H.
for
personnel
and obstructions.
100 rpm,
rpm)
and
slowly
engage
engage clutch.
disengage warning light

fully engaged.
Place clutch handle in stowed
will
go
out
when
clutch
is
position.
engine damage and complete loss of power to rotor

will
result if manual clutch is disengaged under any
system
condition other than throttle at idle position.
Severe
The low rotor rpm
light
fully
Clutch
WARNING:
-I
21
position.
D.
NOTE:
irjl
in neutral
operation only.
goes out.
FAA Approved:
1/11/85
Revi sed:
7/12/85
warning light
It will
remain
will come on when the clutch disengage

rotor reaches 334 rpm.
on until
THIS ENSTROM HEI.I(:OP~ER CORPOHATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIAPORT
PO
28-AC-O20
DATE:
1/11/85
VIII.
1800 rpm and wait for
cylinder
head temperature to
A.
Advance throttle to
reach 200"F.
B.
After
reaching 200"F cylinder head
throttle to 2300 rpm and wait until oil
C.
Advance
D.
Check manifold pressure 16-18 inches.
E.
Check fuel
F.
Maximum 125 rpm drop allowable

Move ignition switch to left position.
Return switch to BOTH
EGT.
and
maximum
in
5
of
rise
100"F
seconds
in
switch
to
and
Move
let rpm stabilize.
right position.
position
Return
allowable.
EGT
rise
125
and
maximum
100"F
Maximum
rpm drop
BOTH
switch to
position.
temperature, slowly advance

temperature reads 80"F.
throttle to 3050 rpm.

Low rotor
334
rotor rpm (2900 engine rpm).
out at
rpm
warning light should
go
flow 50-65 Ibs/hour.
Engine should
NOTE:
not
run
rough
when
operating
on
one
magneto.
G.
Check engine driven fuel pump by turning off boost pump and checking
Observe red fuel pressure light
for no change in engine operation.
is
boost
Return
off.
when
boost
on
pump switch to ON position.
pump
H.
Gently close throttle to split tachometer needles to check proper

needles
When
join, return to
operation of overrunning clutch.
operating rpm.
BEFORE TAKEOFF
Check
FAA
4.8
REPORT NO
OPERATIONAL CHECKS
VII.
-I
PAGE
following
items for proper
latched.
A.
Seatbelts and doors
B.
Fuel
C.
Ammeter.
D.
Main rotor
E.
Fuel
F.
Cylinder head temperature.
G.
Engine oil temperature.
H.
Engine oil
Approved:
valve ON
tin).
gearbox temperature.
quantity.
1/11/85
position
pressure.
or
indication:
TWIN COVNTY *IRPORT
280FX
PO
BaX 177. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
I.
Mixture control
J.
Boost pump ON and low fuel
K.
Anti-collision and other
L.
Annunciator panel
button is pushed.
M.
Throttle friction.
N.
Release collective lock.
is
4.9
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
rich.
pressure
lights ON,
press
Keep hand
WARNING:
IX.
full
REPORSNO.
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HELICOPTER CORPORAT~ON
to
light
as
is off.
required.
all
test
lights
should
be
on
when
collective and maintain down position when lock
on
disengaged.
TAKEOFF TO MOVER
A.
Cyclic
B.
Set
C.
Slowly
in neutral
engine
light
rpm to 2300 rpm with collective full
and smoothly
on skids.
NOTE:
D.
position.
collective
increase
down.
pitch,
As the collective pitch lever is

down position, the low rotor rpm
until rotor reaches 334 rpm.
until
helicopter
is
increased from the full

horn will sound
warning
Adjust throttle as required to maintain rpm in the green

raising collective to lift helicopter off the ground.
are
before
Th i s
hel i copter
is
mechani cal
a
throttl e
equ i pped wi th
The correlator will
correlation device.
compensate for
changes in collective pitch when manifold pressure is above
NOTE:
25 inches
operating
NOTE:
and will
maintain
rpm within
range for normal hover maneuvering.
Hg
Hovering IGE
above
the
normal
10,000 ft density altitude is limited
to
5 minutes.
CAUTION:
Avoid
maneuvers
which require full
pedal
travel
or
rapid
pedal reversals.
X.
NORMAL TAKEOFF
A.
Align helicopter with desired

height of approximately 2 feet.
B.
Check power required to hover.
C.
Smoothly
apply
translational
FAA
n
Approved:
Revised:
forward
lift.
1/11/85
12/14/88
cyclic
takeoff
to
begin
course
at
stabilized
acceleration
into
hover
effective
TNE ENETHO~ HI:I.ICUIIBII CORPOH*TION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
D.
00
the
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
altitude
movement, .maintain
by
so
approximately 1-2 inches of
Maintain
hover
manifold pressure over
power is required.
2 feet hover altitude or lower altitude if permitted by safe
obstacle or terrain clearance.
Adjust
NOTE:
E.
4~10
REPORT NO.
BOX 277. MENOMINEE. M(CHIGAN 49858
forward
hel icoptcr begins
collective
increasing
pitch.
As
P*GE
acceleration
rate
translational lift has been attained, adjust throttle

maintain rpm within the normal
as
operation range.
necessary
See Height-Velocity Diagram, Figure 5.5,
Establish a rate of climb.
for recommended takeoff profile.
When
effective
to
XI.
MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF

of
2 feet
aligned
forward
lift.
cyclic
to
A.
Stabilized at hover
Check hover power.
B.
Smoothly apply
translational
C.
effective
collective
pitch
DO NOT exceed 39.0 inches of manifold pressure.
NOTE:
Since the 280FX is equipped with a full-time turbocharger,

the
turbocharged engine is equipped with an overboost
warning light on the annunciator panel to warn the pilot of
conditions
Transient
condition.
overboost
overboost
an
which may trigger the warning light may not show as overThe
the
manifold
conditions
boost
on
gauge.
pressure
manifold pressure gauge red line is the determining factor
ascertaining
overboost condition,
logged in the engine
per Lycoming Bulletin 369F.
the magnitude of an
conditions must be
After attaining translational lift, adjust throttle as necessary to

Continue level acceleration to 35 mph, then
maintain rpm at 3050 rpm.
allow
the helicopter to climb and accelerate to
aft
to
cyclic
apply
Climb at best
Maintain constant airspeed.
best rate of climb speed.
climb speed to clear barrier.
MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF IN CONFINED AREA

A.
FAA
into
course.
CAUTION:
Subject
log and inspections performed
-I
takeoff
begin acceleration
the helicopter begins forward movement, increase

to maintain 2-5 feet skid height and 3050 rpm.
overboost
XII.
desired
As
in
D.
with
Stabilize at 2 foot hover

power required to hover.
Approved:
1/11/85
aligned
with desired takeoff
course.
Check
THE EN~TROM HELICOPTER CORPORATION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY LlaPC)RT
B.
PO
REPORTNO.
28-AC-O20
DATE.
1/11/85
Smoothly apply forward cyclic and increase collective to obtai n

maximum manifold pressure (not to exceed red line) and 3050 rpm while
accelerating to effective translational lift.
If
distance
barriers
to
lift,
translational
acceleration.
XIII.
4.11
BOX 277. MENOM1NEE. MICHIGAN 49858
NOTE:
C.
PAGE
When effective translational lift

maintain best angle of climb speed
level
acceleration to
and
coordinated
climb
precludes
use
is
reached,
(35 mph)
aft
apply
cyclic
to
to clear barriers.
CRUISE
A.
Maintain
3050 rpm and 29 inches manifold pressure,
in
less,
or
level
flight.
B.
Set
C.
Lean
cyclic
fuel
trim.
mixture
to
approximately
90 Ib/hr
manifold
29 inches
at
pressure.
D.
Monitor EGT.
DO NOT
Allow a few minutes for temperature to stabilize.
Make fine adjustments to attain desired
exceed 1650"F EGT.
fuel flow and cross check cylinder head temperature and oil
If temperatures are too high, enrich mixture
temperature.
until temperatures remain within limits.
NOTE:
E.
Any increase in power setting above

setting the mixture to full rich.
CAUTION:
XIV.
Avoid
maneuvers
pedal
reversals.
29 inches should be
which require full
pedal
accompanied by
travel
or
rapid
PRACTICE AUTOROTATIONS
H.
that helicopter is in
in autorotative glide.
Assure
area
position
reach
suitable
landing
mph.
B.
Airspeed between
C.
Lower collective to full down position

In the event
DO NOT ADJUST THROTTLE).
raise collective to flight condition.
50 and 80
to
and
needle
will
power recovery
RPM will return
split (i.e.,
is desired,
to original
setting.
D.
~I
~I
Monitor rotor tachometer and adjust collective

rotor speed in green are.
FAA Approved:
Revised:
1/11/85
12/14/88
as
required
to maintain
P""E
412
nit ENS.PROM HPLICnrrrCR CORPOR*TION
280FX
E.
If
.off
desi red
is
autorotati on
ro 11
collective.
before
for landing
raising
touchdown
position
1/11/85
Level
throttle
idle
to
idle at altitudes 7,000 ft

AVOID throttle chops to full
above base altitude where engine idle was adjusted.
Engine
idle speeds at altitude will be less than those set at base
altitude conditions and engine stoppage is possible.
CAUTION:
F.
28-AC-020
DATE:
BOY 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
PO
,,,,..,,T, AIRPORT
REPORT NO
aircraft and cushion
landing by raising collective,
NOTE:
If power recovery is desired, throttle must be added.
CAUTION:
When making a power recovery, avoid rapid throttle movements

until the rotor and engine tachometer needles are joined to
prevent damage to the free-wheeling clutch.
LANDING
XV.
full
A.
Mixture control
rich.
B.
Maintain RPM within normal
C.
Landing light ON,
if
operating
range
as
collective is reduced.
required.
Individual circuit breaker-type switches are provided on the

Both panel switches must be on for the
instrument console.
NOTE:
landing
lights
to
operate
properly.
push on-push off
switch is also provided on the pilots cyclic stick.

switch may be used to turn off the nose
landing
without removing the pilots hand from the cyclic,
ground reflections become objectionable.
D.
Adjust collective and altitude

Adjust airspeed to 60 mph.
E.
As the landing
descent until a
attained.
area
to
establish 8" to
approached, reduce the airspeed

ground speed hovering altitude of
ft
when
approach angle.
is
zero
Hovering IGE above 10,OQO
NOTE:
100
This
light
density altitude
and rate
2-5 feet
is
of
is
limited to
5 minutes.
XVI.
RUNNING LANDING
shallow approach
A.
Use
B.
Maximum recommended
Reduce
speed
CAUTION:
cljl
Avoid
ground contact speed

rough surfaces.
rapid
contact,
result.
~I
>wl
on
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
angle.
as
on
smooth surface
is
35
mph.
lowering of collective pitch after ground

rapid deceleration and nose down pitching may
(A
280FX
TWIN COVNTY *IRPORT
XVII.
4.13
REPORTNO
28-AC-020
DATE.
1/11/85
PO BOX 277 MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
AFTER LANDING
A.
Collective down and locked.
8.
Landing lights OFF.
C.
Radio(s)
D.
Reduce throttle to 2000 rpm for
E.
Throttle to idle
F.
Clutch
G.
OFF.
one
minute.
(1500 rpm).
disengaged.
CAUTION:
XVII.
PAGE
Clutch disengagement with throttle open will

result
engine overspeed. Clutch disengagement is signaled by a
warning light on the instrument console.
Idle
engine at
temperature cools
1600 rpm
for
minutes,
or
until
cylinder
in
red
head
to 3000F.
H.
Boost pump OFF.
1.
Mixture control
to
J.
Ignition switch
OFF.
K.
Master and all
L.
Fuel
idle cutoff
position.
other switches OFF.
valve OFF
tout).
GENERAL OPERATION PROCEDURES
Throughout
flight envelope, avoid maneuvers which require full tail

Although this type of
pedal input or rapid tail rotor reversals.
pedal input may be necessary in some normal operations such as hovering
downwind or hovering in gusty conditions, the pilot should avoid excessive
pedal movement except as necessary for normal flight operations.
the
rotor
FAA
~I
Approved:
Revised:
1/11/85
12/14/88
TIIE ENSTHOM HEI.ICOPTEH CORPORATION

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
280FX
PERFORMANCE
FAA
Approved:
5.0
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
SECTION 5
-s
PAGE
1/11/85
PAGE

TWLN COUNTIIIRPOR~
REPORT NO.
2BOFX
PD BOX 277 MENOMINEE. MICHIGI\N 49858
5.1
2B-AC- 020
1/11/85
DATE:
The solid
9) 2660
2400
cl
B\
2200
appropriate
Q
w
curve
VNE
envelope.
zooo
Helicopter
EXAMPLE:
is 96.0
c,g,
inches at 2000 Ibs,
isoo
(3
/altitude
shown below applies only to

operation with the c,g, within
the shaded area shown at left
(Enve~ope A), For operation with
the c.g, in other areas, see the
NE
Enveiope
1600
92
96
94
-1
Envelope
5.15),
NOTE:
-17
VNE
c.g, is 96,5
inches at 2300 Ibs, use
CG-INCHES AFT OF DATUM
12,000.
Use
Figure
\INE
(Figure
6.1 to
determine actual
location of c.g.
(c~
\,4L
)11119~000
.o4
~3
111
Lhl
UI
L;I
C)
8,0001~;C)
I
ii
L~Af
)1 6,000
II
I, Iii
4,000
I~ i I
I\
2
U.
01
2,00
11
ILI
IO
LL
PC
II
SEA LEVEL
o
20
40
so
so
rZO
100
INDICATED AIRSPEED-MPH
~I
a
FIGURE 5.1A
VNE
)FAA Approved:
1 /11/8 5
Density Altitude for Envelope

12/14/88
Variation with
Revised:
use
Helicopter
100
98
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HELICOPI~ER CORPORATION

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
280FX
P.O BOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
5.2
28-AC- 020
REPORT NO
1/11/85
DATE:
(0
03
z
The solid V
2600
the shaded
area
appropri ate
VNE
shown at left
For
(Envelope B),
operation with
the c,g, in other areas, see the
2000
r600
OZ~
t3
curve
applies only to
operation with the c.g. within
EXAMPLE:
ijj
/altitude
shown below
1- 2200
I
o~
NE
Helicopter
c,g, is 95.0
inches at 2400 lbs, use
92
94
976
918
envelope.
Envelope
1700
Helicopter
Isoo
VNE.
c.g, is 98.0
CG-INCHES AFT OF DATUM
Envelope
5,1C),
NOTE:
Use
Figure
VNE
(Figure
6.1 to
determine actual
location of c.g.
2.
~1
-L
10100
(CIL9
rer~ 8,000jC)
s r\
L~jj;(do:tl,
\I
Iti s,ooo
I\ I\
i LI \1
~c4,000
CP)
te
.I
Le~
P 2,00
I~
II:
LLI
O
II
CTT
WI
Ir
O
II
Pe
W
lr
O )--t)---- O
LL4
Il
SEA LEVEL
o
20
40
so
so
120
100
~I
FIGURE 5,18
\INE
rclFAA Approved:
Variation with Density Altitude for
1/11/85 _Revisedl
12/14/88
Envelope
PAGE
THE ENYTROM HELICOP~ER CORPORATION

TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
01
280FX
53
28-AC- 020
DAT~
1/11/85
The solid V
2999
NE
/altitude
2200
appropriate
2000
EXAMPLE:
A
1800
VNE
envelope.
Helicopter
c.g.
inches at 2300
Envelope C
is 98.6
Ibs,
use
VNE.
O
~3
1600
92
CG
94
96
98
Helicopter
c.g. is 93.0
100
i NCH ES A FT OF DATU M
12,000 ~1
Envelope
5.1A).
-II-~ --I-- --II
NOTE:
io
VNE
)11110,000
U
W
~V
:Co L81\
JL
I;I
P
a
I-
~d*o
:;bt
s,ooo
4,608
(13
Zt
I\
!uill
P 2,00
a
w
a:
w
3
O
p
P
o
p
SEA LEVEL
2b
40
so
80
120
100
~I
FIGURE 5.1C
~I
nlRevised:
VNE
12/14/88
Variation with
(Figure
Use Figure 6.1 to

determine actual
location of c.g.
~Ci
IP_
curve

operation with the c.g. within
(Envelope C). For operation with
the c.g, in other areas, see the
-~t:
I
W
REPoRTNO.
Density Altitude for Envelope
PAGE
5~4
REPORT NO.
28-AC- 020
DATE:
1/11/85
280FX
TWIN CDUMY PIIRPORT
P O
ihe solid
2600
OP
2400
t~,,,,
appropriate
EXAMPLE:
1800
VNE
envelope.
Helicopter
c.g.
inches at 2560
Envelope D
1600
94
92
CG
96
use
c.g. is 96.0
Helicopter
i700
9;3
I N CH ES A F T O F DATU M
Envelope
5.IC).
12,000
NOTE:
I~
\~"L
VNE
ro,oooWcc~
4L
U3,I\
Y
r~ e,ooo
0=1
I(16,000
r
u.
4,000
Iz
~s
w
!ia
P ?lo,, I
..I
cc
SEA LEYEL
2b
40
sb
so
100
INDIC~ED AIRSPEED-MPH
~I
FIGURE 5.10
VNE
L~-AA Approved:
\lariation with Density Altitude for Envelope O

Revised:
12/14/88
(Figure
Use Figure 6.1 to

determine actual
location of c.g.
UI1
rr
is 97.0
Ibs,
VNE.
OPC
~I
curve

operation with the c.g, within
(Envelope D). For operation with
the c.g. in other areas, see the
C 2200
I
00
VNE/altitude
120
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPOAT
REPORT NO
5.5
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PAGE
CORPOHATION
THE ENSTROM
Enstrom 280FX
AIRSPEED CALIBRATION
120
100
I
a
80
o
w
w
a
so
o
w
40
a
m
cC
u
20
20
40
I N D1GATED Al 8888 ED
NOTE:
80
60
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
120
M.P. H.
INDICATED SPEEDS BELOW 20 M.P. H. ARE NOT RELIABLE.
FIGURE 5.2
~t
100
TwlS ENSTKOM HI~LICOYIER CORPORATION

T~IN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
28DFX
PAGE
5.6
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
Enstrom 280FX
MOVER CEILING
2
IN-GROUND EFFECT
FT SKID HEIGHT
350 ROTOR RPM
14,000
MAXIMUM
GROSS WEIGHT
STANDARD
.C
DAY
].0,000
w
w
Boo
LL
fi
w
I\
\I
Xfi
4:
fi
w,
6,000
fi
v,
v,
w
n
2,000
SL
2200
2500
2600
GROSS WEIGHT
FIGURE
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
~u
5.3
LBS
2800
PAGE
THE ENSTHOM HF:LICOIT~EH CORPORATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
P.O
AEPORTNO
5.7
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
Enstrom 280FX
MOVER CEILING OUT-OF-GROUND EFFECT
40 FT SKID HEIGHT
3050 ROTOR RPM
14,000
MAXIMUM
GROSS WEIGHT
STANDARD
DAY
10,000
00
w
LL
I \o~
\X\
-I
6,000
w
cr
v,
w
cr
o
2,000
SL
2000
2200
2300
GROSS WEIGHIS
FIGURE
El
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
5.4
(Ibs)
2d00
(P
PAGE
5.8
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
llllj85
THE ENSTROM HEI,ICOIJI~EH COHPOHATION
280FX
HEIGHT VELOCITY DIAGRAM

2350 LBS GROSS WEIGHT
(TESTS CONDUCTED ON PREPARED SURFACES)

700
ijOO
Ie
c:
bL
500
b
Z
p,
6400
RECOMMENDEO
TAKEOFF
,~j4b,
hi
PROFILE
30
r
w
I
200
100
20
40
60
IN D)CATED AIRSPIEED-IW.P.H.
i~jl
-1
FIGURE 5.5
FAU
Approved:
llli/85
90
CI
PAGE
REPOATNO
5.9
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
THE ENSTHOM HEI,IC:OPIF:H COHPORATION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPDRT
PO
sOX Zii
hlrNoMiNti
MICIIIGIN ~9$5%
EFFECT OF LOADING ON
CHOICE OF H-V ENVELOPE
The H-V
curves
presented in Figure 5.5 are valid for operations

specific density altitude conditions presented.
at
2350 Ib gross
For
for the
operation at
be used for
H-V
to
other than 2350 Ib gross weight, determine the proper
curve
the intended gross weight and density altitude for the flight from the curves
In operations above 2500 lb gross weight, use
presented in Figure 5.6 below.
H-V
the
curves presented in Figure 5.7 in place of Figures 5.6 and 5.5.
weight
Example:
(1)
A gross weight of 2000 Ibs and 3900 ft

the sea level envelope.
(2)
A gross
weight of
2200
Ibs and 4500 ft
To be conservative,
curve.
use
would allow the
use
Hd
would
require
2800 ft
higher
curve,
the next
4000 ft.
12,000
10,000
:o
a;3
ZI
s,ooo
IZ
r\
o
oj
i3
3
rri
I~
6,000
~EE
I
02
Z
w
4,000
i"2,000
1600
GROSS WEIGHT
2200
2000
1800
(LBS)
2350
f\l
-1
FIGURE
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
5.6
of
Hd
ZJ50
2600
THE ENSTROM HEI,ICOr~EH CORPOHATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
P.O
PAGE
5.10
REPORT NO.
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
700
III,A~OID OPERATION IN THIS AREA
600
SAFE OPERATING AREA
500
;Y~
LL
400
300
I/
Zr~ec7nmen3sd TakeOf! Proiiie
r///y/h n
u i
200
Lise cau!io
In
avgld c0ntac:
uard With
:nis a-sa :i
31
:a
srou?d
100
/i
0
20
40
Indicated
~O
Airspeed
FIGURE
NOTE:
FAA
80 85
100
MPH
5.7
operations may also be limited by VNE and OGE hover. Cross

check Figures 5.1 and 5.4 for intended operations when using this figure.
Altitude
Approved:
1/11/85
PAGE
THI~ ENSTHOM HELICOH.EH CORPOHATION

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
280FX
DENSITY ALTITUDE CHART
SET ALTIMETER TO 29.92 IN. HG.

WHEN AEADING PRESSURE ALTITUDE
15,000
od:
b:
14,0001
~oOO,
13,000
laa;,
,2:
~lln
.I
11,000
i
10,000
mt,qit
P
8000
-o
7000
Z
w
Pm oOo
It~
6000
~00/
5000
oO~
4000
3000
L~
2000
ho~
1000
cc
S.L.
--20
-10
10
20
30
10"C
40
50
60
20
70
40
30
80
90
"F
OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE
FIGURE 5.8
-I
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
I/
oqO,
i.
50
100110120
REPORT NO
5.11
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HELICOVrER COHPOHATION

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
BOX 277. MENOMINEE
280FX
BEST RATE OF CLIMB SPEED VARIES WITH A~TITUDE
57 MPH IAS AT SL DECREASING TO 45 EIPH IAS AT 12,000 FT
12000
10000
w
w
u.
8000
w
D
z,
6000
4000
cn
w
2000
400
600
800
1000
1200
RATE OF CLIMB. FT. PER MIN.
FIGURE 5.9
-I
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
5.12
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
MICHIGAN 49858
RATE OF CLIMB/DENSITY ALTITUDE
1-
REPORT NO.
1400
Hd
PAGE
6.0
REPORT NO.
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
THE ENSTHOM HELICOPTEH COHPORATION
280FX
IWIN COUNTY *IRPORT
PO
BOX 277
SECTION 6
WEIGHT AND BALANCE
THE ENSTROM HELICOPTEH COHPOR~TION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
P.O
6.1
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
SECTION 6
I.
PAGE
REPORT NO.
WEIGHT AND BALANCE
GENERAL
This helicopter must be flown within the weight and center of gravity
limits stated in Section 2, Operating Limitations.
The helicopter empty
weight, empty weight c.g., total basic weight and basic weight c.g. are
found
Form
F-168A.
Removal
on
ins tallation of approved optional
or
equipment will change the helicopter weight and c.g. These changes shall
be recorded on Form F-165A, and a running basic total weight, arm, and
moment will be maintained.
The pilot will use this running basic total
when performing calculations to insure the helicopter is loaded properly.
II.
APPROVED CENTER OF GRAVITY ENVELOPES
A.
Longitudinal C.G.
i.
Station zero
rotor hub.
2.
Longitudinal
located
100.0 inches
variable
c.g.
range
92.0 inches to 100.0 inches
centerline
of
with
gross
(see chart, Figure 6.1).
LONGTTUDINAL
26001
forward
CG
ENVELOPES
---i
ENVELOPE
o
I___i-..i
s~
2400
i
2300
V,
m
-1
(3
:i
I:.
i:
ENVELOP~
2100
20QO
j~ _i__..
LI ..:1
------c.--
_I_~:!._i_--
I
rr
c~
..--.-L..
22 00
1i
,....,_...: i .....__.:1..__i_
1900
_.
/__1:~_.: _/._. _:._:. .!1.____:rtil -:
i. ..1..
il-.i: i.~:.l
...;._r
1_._
1.
j:
1700
i._.:_i..i..
.i.
i.i.ii
I--.
1600
irjl
~I
92
93
94
LONGITUDINAL
96
97
98
95
CG (INCHES AFT OF
FIGURE 6.1
99
100
DATUM)
of
weight
main
from
(P
PAGE
REPORT NO.
6.2
28-AC-020
GATE:
1/11/85
THE ENSTHOM HISI,ICOITTEH COHFOHATION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
B.
PO
Lateral
i.
Offset Moment
forward,
2.
Lateral
b.
O inch lateral
left of centerline are
moment arms
c.g.
arm.
Looking
negative.
board:
on
(1)
Left seat
(2)
Right
Three
moment
locations:
Two people
a.
3.
helicopter is
of
Centerline
(pilot)
(co-pilot)
seat
people
on
-13.5
+13.5
board:
(1)
Left seat
(2)
Center passenger
(3)
Right
(pilot)
-13.5
3.0
+20.5
passenger
from
with
lateral
offset moments
gross weight
vary
Lateral
+3700 in-lb
-3250 in-lb
to
(see chart, Figure 6.2).
offset is the same for al~
envelopes.
Approved
VNE
LATERAL
2600
T-- l"r
MOMENT
OFFSET
ENVELOPE
I- --I
~I
i~2400
(32200
2000
1800
1600
-4000
LEFT
-2000
LATERAL
OFFSET
Figure 6.2
2000
MOMENT
(IN-LBS)
4000
RIG~-17
1I~IF ENYrH~M HELICOIIPliK COBrOnnmn
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPOAT
III.
PO
P~aE
6.3
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DAIE:
1/11/85
WEIGHING THE 280FX HELICOPTER

NOTE:
A.
loss of records
helicopter, the following
a
major repair
or
procedures
re-weighing
warrant
the
should be followed:
Tools and Equipment

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8.
Should
Tape
measure
1000 Ib capacity
Two scales
Sca3e
100 Ib capacity
Bubble level
Work stand
Procedure
helicopter
i.
Clean
2.
Drain fuel, check all
3.
Move
4.
Check for proper installation of accessory items.
5.
Close and
secure
6.
Align
one
main rotor blade
7.
Hoist
or
8.
Position a pipe nipple in the center of left and right 1000 Ib

capacity scales. Place scales under landing skids so nipples will
contact skid gear at a point 17.7 inches aft of centerline of the
helicopter
9.
Locate
rotor
10.
operating fluids full.
other
inside closed
building.
both doors.
jack helicopter
forward 3 in.ch diameter
NOTE:
rags, charts, etc.
remove
to
over
tail
height
cross
tube
to
cone.
clear scales.
(Station 93.4).
See Figure 6.3 for locating fulcrum by using Enstrom tool

This tool may be purchased from Enstrom
number T-1794.
Helicopter Service Department.
100 lb
output shaft
the
capacity scale at the

(see Figure 6.4).
center
Adjust height of tail to level helicopter.

lower pylon tube.
Lateral level checked
at
line of
the
tail
Level checked at left

lower forward pylon
tube.
11.
helicopter is
Weight Chart, Figure
When
level
6.7.
read
CAUTION: Weight and measurement

check results.
the
scales
readings
and
are
enter
weights
critical.
on
Double
pace
THF ENSIROm HFLICDII&H COHPOIIIIION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPOAT
PO
BOX 211. MENOM NEE
REPORT NO.
MICHIGAN a9858
DATE:
12.
helicopter
Remove
DO NOT
NOTE:
remove
curbing, nipples, blocks, etc. from scales.

items and enter weights in tare column on
readings
and enter net weights.
13.
Subtract tare from scale
14.
Enter
arms
15.
Total
weights
16.
Using formula
17.
Transfer the total figures for weight, c.g.

Figure 6.7 to the top of Form F-168A.
18.
Add any missing standard
19.
Enter
20.
where
optional and
Add
to
gallon
1/11/85
from scales.
Weigh these
Figure 6.7.
and
6.4
28-AC-020
multiply by weights
get
to
moments.
and moments.
on
bottom of
noted
Figure 6.7,
equipment
in
22.
Add
arm
for
and moment from
column.
applicable
subtract from weight

equipment and engine oil.
the above, twelve (12) Ibs

two
per standard fuel tank
Calculate actual
or
and
surplus
21.
calculate c.g.
las
unusable
weighed)
all
tone
C1]
fuel
[2] tanks).
empty weight, moment and
c.g.
or
arm.
these basic figures the weight, c.g. or arm and moment for
engine oil and all optional and surplus equipment. This result is
the total basic weight, c.g. or arm and moment to be entered at
the bottom of Form F-168A and in the applicable blanks at the top
of Form F-165A.
to
NOTE:
be used to itemize all optional

equipment and/or modifications made to the helicopter to
re-establish a running basic total of weight, arm, and
Form
F-165A
moment.
will
not
AEPORT NO
6.5
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PAGE
THE ENSTHOM
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
CORPORATION
280FX
PO BOX 277. MENOMINEE MICHIGAN 49858
WEIGHT AND BALANCE

TOOL POSITIONING
17.7"
T-1794 TOOL
FULCRUM
FIGURE 6.3
REVISIONS:
100.0
ROTOR HUB
-d,
96.0 FUEL TAN K
119.75
64.0
CABIN
SEATS
93.446
FWD.
WEIGHING
STATION
135.0
BAGGAGE
BOX
320.0
AFT
WEIGHING
STATION
WT
WL WR
FIGURE 6.4
\Co
=~b"
ru
PAGE
THE ENSTHOM HEI.ICOMER COHPORATION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
IV.
PO
LOADING
A.
REPORT NO
6.7
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
INFORMATION
responsibility of the helicopter pilot to insure that the

Using the running basic weight and
helicopter is loaded properly.
Chart
the
from
F-165A
and
Form
moment
(Figure
~oading
for
total
moment
and
(Figure 6.5), the pilot can obtain the
weight
the
calculate
The
should
first
various loading conditions.
pilot
the
this
will
show
total weight and moment for zero usable fuel, as
It
is
the
If the c.g. is within limits, add the

shift with fuel burn-off.
If the c.g. is with.in limits,
planned.fuel load and compute the c.g.
the last item to check is the lateral offset moment using the stations
in Section II B and Figure 6.2.
c.g.
TIIE EUYTRU* HI:LICO)TBH COBPOIL~TION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
B.
PO
pnGE
6~8
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE
1/11/85
Calculation
Sample
Longitudinal C.G.
SAMPLE HELICOPTER
Arm
inches
SAMPLE LOADING
i.
Basic empty
Form F-165A
2.
weight
from
Weight
HELICOPTER S/N
Moment
1000 in-lbs
Ibs
100.7
1610.0
162.1
62.0
480.0
29.8
135.0
20.0
2.7
2110.0
194.6
Weight
Ibs
Moment
1000 in-lbs
Cabin seats
3.
Baggage compartment load
4.
Total weight and moment

with zero usable fuel
to check c.g. shift with
fuel burn-off (landing
92.2(2)
condition)
5.
Usable fuel
96.0
6.
Total weight and moment

with usable fuel
92.6
23.0(1
240.0
(2)
2350.0
(3)
217.6
(takeoff condition)
(1)
Moments
Chart,
(2)
obtained
Figure 6.5.
by
The
multiplying
longitudinal c.g.
dividing the moment by
c.g.
zero
fuel
c.g.
full
fuel
weight
relative to
the weight.
194,600 in-lbs
2110.01bs
217,600 in-lbs
2350 Ibs
the
times
datum
arm
line
or
may
Total
weight
not
to exceed
2600
Ibs.
be
Loading
found
by
92.2 inches
92.6 inches
The total weight and moment can also be plotted on

determine if the loading is within longitudinal limits.
(3)
from
Figure
6.6
to
PAGE
6.9
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
THF. ENYTHOM HF:LICOPTF,H CORPOHATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
C.
PO
Sample Calculations
Lateral
Offset Moment
Pilot
(left seat)
Passenger (center seat)

Passenger (right seat)
Weight
Ibs
Moment
in-lbs
13.5
170
2295
3.0
140
420
20.5
170
3485
Arm
inches
1610
Plot 2350 Ibs and +1610 in-lbs

in approved area.
moment is
on
Figure
6.2 to insure
REVISIONS:
CHART
LOADING
i:
tOO
z-
g
Il
3:
EAT LOAD
690 LBS.MAX
mZ
ns
bO0
g
V) I
II
~OOrr
rrrrn
I Ilrrrrrl
I I
II
1..1
Irl 1 r n r 1 r n 11 17 1 11n I 1 i n~ Tn I i 1-I I I I nl 1IA I
rl
nl I I 1TI II I rrTI rl II-n rl I rI II ITrl 117
Z
D
~1
300
rO0
N
03
o
-rl
x
01)7]
ioG)
mOm
l1
I.U I i~ 11l1
IIL1LIIIII 11LI1I
IP
11,,1
i,
!I
16
II
ill
II
50
I
24
t6
5t
40
~-TU6,
MOMENT
IN. LBS. X 1000

cno
N
FIGURE 6.5
REVISIONS:
m
z
2600
T;
,,t,l.i:1
I::
r
2200
rj IIi:: i
triirl
~:r:
i~i l;:-i
i f.I f I i Ii i
tillr
;!ti
:.!..i
.i
1;..11111..
,1~
ii~i;
1:-i~
i:
::1:
i;
:i
:I
Ilj~i- -
I::::
I i
C~
I::
-:-i
ji 1;
~Tc:
i;::
lr
I:
jlt iL
1:
:j,il
ii!
i:
:I
i:
I:::
Ei I i i
:ir Iii
i I
i)--I-i
;ii:
:I::
I iiij
i j j:
i"-:;IL.C:.LL1 i:f.f_.;i
~i
..i.:,
_:_?__ i
:I
:j
2.
o
0m
:j
D
z
o
z
s
L
:I
i
I:
1:I
::::I:;
i II I:
f-i r_ i
i-:,1
i:ii
i!
ic~-.-I
~C
i t i i:
iH
i?
1
i
i 1
-r,
I:
1
;:ii,:I
2000
i:
i:.
:li
:I
ii
-;~;:I
i
:li
iffit;ii:
ii::1
li-:;
i:i
I: i
iiii
II:
:Iii i
:I
;--:;--i
-l
I
I~
i
j ii
-11;!..1
i i.i:i i
II1
/i-
ii
~l.;i.
iiii
:jl;li:
I.-Ti.--
:I
-1..
:;i
:iilL:!iii:!ii;
r:c-,-i-
ili!lii"::::
11:111
Tj:i:;
1-:---
I:::i!(::~:::-!.:
i--i
I-~--i f"l
----~---t---r-
220
240
INCHES-POUNDS
1000
200
LONGITUDINAL MOM~NT
.i:
180
-rl
-I---!
:I~:::i:::
----i
160
I:
03
o
140
I...
::i:j
_-?
-r_-.---
:1
i:
i
r;
:i::
-i
i:
L_C--I-.
:I:~.
;7j:/ II:
1/: i
:i-
1::::
3.-1
1600
i::::
~ii:i
I: !i I:
iii i! ji
Ii
J,; lif
1~
::L:l
v,
1800
I----------
i.,
v,
o
I::I
:r_t ii
11.11;
i
i iii
iii
:i!ijili
I::::
I:
-:f
:1;
II
~ijiilj
1_
1..i..;
i,.
ti
I! i
,i.i i
"i;
i,
I i
1 il:il !ilil
i
i i t: i i i i i-i
i i i i
I i
IIII:
i::::I i
II.
a:
:r--
TT,T:
I: f
r i
1:ij
::ii
I
ii_
II:-
;:TT r.7
:;::i
):i1.:
:---I--- i:
:i .I.
i
~Tjlt
v,
:i
iI
2400
iii
i~.
II
260
II
o
P
mOm
--r- -r
280
rNCn
FIGURE 6.6
Gross
Weight
vs
Longitudinal
Moment
I
cD
cno
N
PAGE
REPORt NO
6.12
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
1~1E ENsl~loac ~IEI.ICOIIE)I CO~I)OHA1ION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO BOX 21~. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN LgBSB
WEIGHT SHEET
MODE1_
WEIGH POINT
SERIAL NO.
SCALE-LBS,
REG. NO.
TARE
NET. WT.
AFiM
MOMENT
1000
LEFT GEAR
(W,)
RIGHTGEAR
(W,)
TAIL
(W,)
TOTA~
LCG=
WT(320.0)-t (W~t WR)(93.$46)
WTf Wl_i WR
C>AT E
WE1GHEI~ 8Y
FTGURE 6,7
REVISIONS.
ACTUAL
WEIGHT
DELIVEAED
P~RU
WEIGHT AND BALANCE DATA
OMENT
1000
1N-LB.
O
0
II
f
s2
II
ITE~
TEUla*TE
DESCRIPTION O~ARTICLE
WEIGHT
ADDED
WEIGHT
RUNNING
r
O
BASIC TOTAL
NO.
INIOVT
OR
YODIFIC~TION
WEIGHT
ARh(
IIOIdENT
1000
WEIGHT
I
IN-LB. I
~4RY
UOUENT
1000
I IN-La.
WEIGHT
IAY
~OUENT
1000
INLB.
I I
v,
m
II
II
v,
I i
orl
mi I
zc,
or
6
I,
z
rJ
m
;r
o
m
a
m
o
a
c,"
r,
00
ru
o
-rl
X
Pm"p"
mOm
P30~
FORU
F-IS~A
ex,
Lno
FIGURE 6.8
PAGE
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
PO
REPORT NO
6.14
28-AC-020
DATE
1/11/85
BOX 211 MENOUINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
H E LI C O PT E R W E I G H T A N D C.G. C A LC U L AT i ON
SERIAL NO.
MODEL
REG.NO.
WEIGHT
LBS.
ARX
IH.
MOMENT
1000 1 W-L
wEIGHT(AS WEIGHED)
PLUS:HISS1NG STD.EQUIP~ENT
LESS: OPTIONAL BSURP LUS WT.

LESS: EHOIW~E 61L
PLUS: I2LBS. UNUSASLL TUeL
COMPUTED
WEIGHT EMPTY
SrR.HELSCBf4TER
ACTUAL
Olt
PLUS:
OPTIONAL
EQUIPI~EHT
TOTAL e)ASIC WEIGHT

ol
~ORM
FIGURE 6.9
r-lg9A
~(EI.ICOI*I.EI( COHI())(A.I.I()N
I~II:
280FX
TWIN I)DUNTIAIRPORI
PO
OOY 271 UENOUINEE
NO.
EQUIPMENT
FAA APPROVED REGISTRATION NO.
28-AC-020
DATE
1/11/85
LIST
DATE
ITEM
INSTRU~4ENTS
6.15
REPoRT NO
UICHIOIIN BBSB
ENSTROM 280FX
SERIAL NO.
PAGE
WT
ARM
1.2
.5
1.3
1.5
2.0
36
REqUIRED
Altimeter
Airspeed
Tachometer
Fuel Pressure
tlanifold
Instrument Cluster
Oil Temperature
Oi7 Pressure
Gearbox Temperature
36
36
36
36
Cylinder Temperature
Fuel Quantity
Ammeter
Compass
OAT Gauge
1.0
0.5
40
55
1.0
.4
36
32
Ball Bank Indicator*
Graphic Engine
Monitor
Annunciator Panel
NO.
OPTIONAL
EQUIPMENT
"Standard equipment not required by FAA
~I
FIGURE 6.10
WT
ARM
MOMENT
PAGE
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
PO
80X 211
REPORT NO
6.16
28-AC-020
DATE
1/11/85
MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN ~9858
ENSTROCI 280FX EQUIPCIENT LIST COFITINUED

SERIAL NO.
NO.
~I
OPTIONAL
FAA APPROVED REGISTRATION NO.
EQUIPMENT
DATE
WT
FIGURE 6.11
P.RM
MOMEFIT
PAGE
TH1~ ENSTROM HRI,ICOPI~ER COHPOHATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIAPORT
REPORT NO.
7.0
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
SECTION 7
AIRCRAFT AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION
THF: ENSTHOM HEI,ICO~ER COHIORATION

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
PAGE
7,1
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
SECTION 7
I.
280FX
1/11/85
AIRCRAFT AND SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
GENERAL
One of the first steps in obtaining the utmost performance and service
from your 280FX is to familiarize yourself with its equipment, systems, and
controls.
II.
INTERIOR ARRANGEMENT
interior is a full, three-place, side-by-side seating arrange58-inch width.

The instrument panel is on the vertical plane
Excellent visibility is offered through the
for more natural scanning.
tinted plexiglass windshield, cabin doors, twin overhead and lower deck
windows.
Swing-open doors close securely with simple-to-operate safety
lock handles.
The helicopter can be flown with either left, right, or
both doors removed.
The
cabin
ment with
III.
AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM

The air induction system consists of a filtered non-ram intake located
It incorporates a spring-loaded, automatic
within the engine compartment.
alternate air source and.spring-loaded backfire door.
IV.
POWER PLANT
An Avco Lycoming HIO-36O-F1AD 225 HP engine is used in this helicopter.
The engine is a direct drive, four cylinder, fuel injected, horizontally
opposed, air cooled engine. This engine incorporates features for turbocharging. Platinum spark plugs are supplied with the engine.
NOTE:
It is recommended that the appropriate

be consulted prior to any adjustment or
A.
System
Oil
Lycoming Operators Manual

repair to the engine.
Lycoming engine employs a wet sump lubrication system having a

capacity of 8 quarts. The engine oil pump circulates the oil through
One is located on
two remote mounted oil coolers to provide cooling.
the right-hand side of the engine compartment and the second cooler is
A thermostatic bypass and pressure
located below the cooling fan.
Restricted pressure
relief valve are supplied as standard equipment.
circulated
the
oil
is
also
bearing
through
turbocharger
engine
A
the
oil
to the
returns
engine
housing.
separate
scavenge pump
A
with
oil
graduated
quantity
bayonet-type
engine sump.
gauge
markings is part of the oil filler cap and is accessible through the
The
left fuel
The
oil
drain
access
door.
This
total oil system has a capacity of 10 quarts.
in the engine, oil filter, oil coolers and oil lines.
includes
the
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORS
REPORTNO
7~2
28-AC-020
DnTE:
1/11/85
PROE
Tili: ENSTRO. HBI.ICOPPIIR

Standard type gauges are provided for both the~engine oil temperature
and oil
Both gauges are marked to provide
pressure indications.
visual engine operating limitations and are located on the instrument
panel.
B.
Engine Controls
i.
A twist grip-type throttle is located on the collective

Throttle.
stick.
The throttle is connected to a mechanical
control
pitch
throttle correlation device which coordinates throttle control for
The throttle correlation
changes in collective pitch settings.
connected~to
throttle valve on the
is
the
fuel
servo
linkage
A
round-head
rivet
the
mounted
forward end of the
on
engine.
twist grip is used for a start position index.
2.
A vernier mixture control knob is provided on

Mixture Control.
the instrument console.
This vernier control
incorporates the
Full rich is in the "in"
features of a standard push-pull cable.
The vernier
"out"
Full
lean
in the
is
position.
position.
feature allows a screw type of adjustment to fine tune any preset
mixture position.
3.
Magneto
The magneto switch is a key-operated swi tch

Swi tch.
For
the left side of the switch circuit breaker panel.
starting, place the switch in the "both" position.
located
C.
on
4.
Ignition Circuit Breaker. This circuit breaker closes the circuit

to the starter button on the collective control.
5.
The starter button

Starter Button.
collective control.
Push to engage.
6.
Master Switch.
The master switch is
breaker
the
swi tch
c i rcu i t
panel
two-position switch.
is
located
located
It
on
is
on
the
the
a
end
of the
left side of
i ngle-th row,
Turbocharger
The turbo unit has only one moving part, a rotating shaft with a
turbine wheel on one end and a compressor impeller on the other, all
precision balanced and each contained in its own housing. The turbine
wheel
driven
drives
the
by exhaust gas ene rgy
impel 1 er which
level
air
and delivers
intake
to
than
a
sea
density
greater
compresses
it to the engine intake.
This increased volume of air allows the
engine to "breathe" with the same volumetric efficiency that it does
The engine can produce 225 HP at all altitudes up
at low altitudes.
to 12,000 feet density altitude.
j~
P1""
snilrom ialpun,la
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
D.
Wastegate
The wastegate is a valve that controls the amount of exhaust gases
The valve is located on the exhaust
directed to the turbocharger.
turbine
The valve is controlled
inlet.
the
of
manifold just upstream
throttle valve.
the
to
fuel
connected
servo
by mechanical linkage
V.
EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE SYSTEM
temperature is used for fuel mixture leaning in cruising

flight. Theexhaust temperature probe is located on the exhaust stack just
This
allows an actual
before the inlet to the turbocharger.
temperature
delivered
into the turbocharger
that
are
measurement of the exhaust
gases
The exhaust gas
Maximum allowable EGT is 1650"F.
unit.
Graphic Engine Monitor displays exhaust gas temperature as a

three-digit number. The fourth digit is assumed to be zero (i.e.,
165 indicates 1650).
NOTE:
The
Graphic Engi ne Moni tor also di splays i ndi v i dual exhaust stack
Excessively high
temperature and individual cylinder head temperatures.
or low individual cylinder temperatures should be investigated to preclude
engine damage and/or malfunction.
The
VI.
CABIN HEAT
The
cabin
seat,
on
regulates
control is located at the left-hand side of the pilots

the floor.
By moving the control in or out, the operator
the amount of cabin heat through the~output louvers located in
heat
the center of the floor under the instrument

VII.
panel.
CLUTCH ENGAGING LEVER

clutch engagement lever is located at the right side of the pilots
The clutch lever is
seat on the forward face of the seat structure.
A
the
drive system.
rotor
and
disengaging
provided as a means of engaging
the
clutch
and
switch
is
master
the
when
on
red warning light illuminates
The
is
disengaged.
The rotor drive system is engaged by pulling the clutch lever upward and
rearward until the lever hits the stop and the warning light goes out.
The handle can then be stowed by lifting it straight up and pivoting it
When it is in the stowed position, the handle should
down to the floor.
If it does not lie flat on the floor in the stowed
lie flat on the floor.
position, the clutch rigging should be checked as described in Section 11
The clutch lever must be stowed whenever the
of the Maintenance Manual.
rotor drive system is engaged.
~I
Revised: MAY ~t t9~
THR EN_Y1.ROM HFI.IDDIIEK CURI.UHEIION

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
VIII.
PO
280FX
BOX 277. MENOMINEE MICHIGAN 49858
pact
7.4
REPORT NO.
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
FUEL SYSTEM
The system consists of two interconnected 21 US gallon fuel tanks, which
feed simultaneously to the engine.
The tanks are located on the left and
right side of the aircraft over the engine compartment. The tanks have a
total fuel capacity of 42 US gallons, with a total of 2 gallons unusable
Each fuel tank is gravity
fuel, one gallon unusable fuel in each tank.
ted to a central distributing line which connects to the electric boost
The fuel control valve is an off-on type and
pump and engine-driven pump.
is located on the firewall next to the pilots right shoulder.
Each tank
has an
individual
drain valve in the bottom.
There is also a main
gascolator filter located aft of the firewall in the engine compartment.
The control
is on the right-hand side of the engine compartment and
extends beyond the side panel.
A.
Fuel Boost Pump.

The fuel boost pump switch is located on the switch
circuit breaker panel.
The red fuel pressure warning light is located
the annunciator panel and will illuminate at any time the fuel
on
boost pump is shut off or fails to function properly.
B.
Fuel
The
fuel
quantity Indicater.
indicates the total quantity of fuel.
simple liquidometer float located in the
C.
IX.
Fuel
Flow
Fuel
quantity
It
gauge
continuously
hooked up through
right-hand fuel tank.
is
P re s s u
Z n d i cato r.
The fuel
re
p re s s u re indicator
hour
and
provides pounds per
readings of the fuel as
pressure
delivered to the flow divider.
The indicator is marked for normal
from
O
160
to
operating range
pounds per hour and O to 25 psi index
lines in 5 psi increments.
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
The main transmission unit provides an rpm reduction between the engine
and the main rotor.
The transmission incorporates a free-wheeling unit in
the upper pulley assembly which is mounted on the pinion input shaft.
The
free-wheeling unit provides a disconnect from the engine in the event of a
power failure and permits the main and tail rotors to rotate in order to
accomplish safe autorotation landings. The main rotor transmission has a
sight gauge which is located on the aft right-hand side and is visible
through an opening in the baggage compartment.
A main
panel
The
rotor transmission temperature

and is red-lined at 225"F.
gauge
is
located
on
the
instrument
tail
rotor transmission, mounted at the aft end of the tail cone,

drives the tail
and
The tail
rotor.
rotor transmission
is
supports
with
self-contained
a
lubricant
and
visual lubricant
a
equipped
supply
level gauge at the rear of the housing.
Both transmissions are equipped with quick disconnect chip detectors which
connected to aviation yellow caution lights on the annunciator panel.
are
cr~
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HELICOP~EH CORPORATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY *IRPORT
X.
PO
REPORTNO.
7.5
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
BOX 277. MENOMINEE MICH(GAN 49858
ROTOR SYSTEM
A.
Main Rotor
The main rotor is a three-blade, fully articulated system.
The fully
articulated system in the 280FX helicopter is designed to provide
smooth control responses in all modes of flight.
Sufficient kinetic
energy stored in the heavy rotor blades al i ows safe autorotati on
landings in the event of power failure. The rotor assembly consists
of threi~ all-metal bonded blades, upper and lower rotor hub plates,
universal
blocks, blade grip assemblies, and hydraulic lead-lag
dampers.
Polyurethane tape, as supplied by the Enstrom Customer Service
Department, can be installed on the leading edge of the main
rotor
blades as described in Service Information Letters 0024 and 0069.

If
the tape is installed it must be inspected prior to each flight.
Look
for blisters, bubbles, holes, or separation from the blade.
If any
defects are found, it must be removed or replaced before further
If the helicopter is bperated in rain, the tape life may be
flight.
shortened considerably.
Separation of part or all of the blade tape
cause
In
can
an
this event,
the
extremely rough rotor system.
helicopter should be landed as soon as practical and the rotor system,
blades and tape inspected prior to further flight.
8.
Tail
Rotor
The
tail anti-torque rotor counteracts the torque

and functions to maintain or change the helicopter
rotor is a two-bladed, teetering, delta-hinge type
C.
the
main rotor
heading. The tail
assembly.
Rotor Tachometer
The rotor rpm- indicator
also reads engine rpm.
XI.
of
is
part of
dual-purpose
tachometer
which
FLIGHT CONTROLS
A.
Cyclic
The
Control
cyclic
between
control stick is a curved tube extending from the floor up

the legs of the pilot.
The direction of stick movement
in a change of the plane of rotation of the main rotor and
results
will produce a corresponding directional movement of the helicopter
through the longitudinal and lateral modes of flight. The stick grip
incorporates a trigger-type switch used for radio transmissions and
A trim switch is also located on the cyclic stick grip to
intercom.
control
the longitudinal
and lateral
A push-button
stick forces.
switch is provided to turn the forward landing light on and off.
~I
NOTE:
Revised:
The forward
12/14/88
landing light panel switch
must be ON.
~1
280FX
IWIN
CbUNTIII*POPIT
B.
Pi) B(1X Z71
MENo*II.EE.
PAGE
1.6
REPORTNO
28-AC-020
onTE:
1/11/85
M CH((j~N 1PB58
Stabilizer
An all-metal, fixed position stabilizer is installed on the tail
i ong i tudi nal
stabi ii ty
This
for
stabi 1 i zer
as sembly
has
directional
which
These endplates
stability.
provide
endplates
constructed of fiberglass over structural foam cores.
C.
cone
two
are
Collective Pitch Control

cal~lective pitch control lever is located to the left of the
A
pilots position and controls the vertical mode of flight.
rotating, grip-type throttle is located at the end of the collective
control.
The starter engagement button is located on the end of the
pilots collective.
The
D.
Directional
Pedals.
Control
control pedals are located in the cabin forward of

pilot and/or co-pilot. When moved, these adjustable pedals change
pitch of the tail rotor b~ades and thereby provide the method
changing directional heading.
The directional
XII.
the
the
of
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
The standard flight instruments which are installed in the 280FX as basic
equipment comply with the requirements under visual flight rules for day
The
or
panel arrangement provides ease of visual
night operation.
observance and includes space provisions for installation of additional
ir!struments to meet individual requirements.
A.
Airspeed
Indicator
single-scale airspeed indicator is calibrated in mph and provides

indicated airspeed reading during forward flight.
The pitot tube,
which provides air pressuie source, is located below the cabin nose
Static air pressure for instrument operation is derived from
section.
two static vents located on either side of the tail cone assembly.
The
openings in the pitat tube and static vent parts must be
and
clean
ohstruction-free
maintained
all
at
times
for
proper
instrument operation.
The
an
8.
Altimeter
The
altimeter
readings from 0
sweep of
thousands
sensitive
type that provides distance-height
The long hand in a single complete
25,000 feet.
dial
totals 1,000 feet, and the short hand totals
is
the
of feet
static port vents
Revised:
12/14/88
to
altitude.
as
the
The
instrument
airspeed indicator.
is
vented
to
the
same

TWIN COUNTY ~IRPORT
C.
P O
280FX
PAGE
7.7
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
Compass
A standard aircraft quality magnetic compass is mounted on the center
windshield support within easy sight of pilot or co-pilot.
It is to
be used in conjunction with a compass correction card located adjacent
to the instrument.
O.
Free Air
Temperature
Indicator
The free air temperature indicator is a direct reading, bi-metallic

instrument with a stainless steel probe.
This instrument provides
ambient temperature information which, when utilized, will assist in
determining performance capabilities of the helicopter at the existing
The indicator is located in the top of the cabin.
climatic condition.
XIII.
ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM

A.
Direct Current Power
System
supply system is either a 12-volt or a 28-volt direct

system, with a negative ground to the helicopter structure. A
belt-driven 70-amp alternator is located on the aft part of the
If the helicopter has a 12-volt system, the 12-volt battery
engine.
is located in the right-hand side of the pilots compartment and
serves
as a stand-by power source to supply power
to the system when
the
If the helicopter has
alternator is
28-volt
a
inoperative.
system, a 24-vo~t battery is located above the right side of the aft
The basic power

current
landing
B.
gear
cross
tube.
Electrical Power Panel

The following switches/combination circuit breakers are located on the
switch circuit breaker panel mounted on the instrument console within
magneto key switch, master switch,
easy reach of pilot or co-pilot:
alternator switch and alternator circuit breaker, boost pump switch,
navigation position lights switch, anti-collision light switch, and
trim mater switch.
XIV.
LIGHTING E9UIPMENT
The
helicopter lighting kit includes the required lights necessary for VFR
night operation plus additional lighting equ i pme nt for uti 1 i ty and
convenience purposes.
The electrical panel on the right-hand side of the
instrument console contains the protective circuit breakers and control
panels for the lighting equipment.
i/j
Revised:
12/14/88
~5
280FX
TWIN COUNTI IIP"OiiT
PO
sox
Zll
7.8
28-AC-020
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HELICOPTER CORPORAT1ON
REPORTN~
VIENohl NEt. UICHlli*. 1BBll
1/11/85
DATE:
A.
Position Lights
The pos i ti on
stabilizers.
light,
b.
as
lights
are
located
on
either
si de
of
light assembly contains either a

appropriate, and a white tail position light.
Each
the
red
verti cal
or
green
Anti-Collision Lights
The
the vertical stabilizers.

switch located on the panel.
C.
a
flashing action that provides for
helicopter. The lights are located on
They are operated by the anti-collision
anti-collision lights have

identification of the
adequate
Landing Lights
The helicopter is equipped with two landing lights, an approach light
Both lights are turned on
in the nose and a hover light in the belly.
The nose
by circuit breaker-type switches on the instrument panel.
light may be turned either on or off once the panel switch is turned
on,
by an inline push on-push off button located on the pilots
cyclic. This cyclic switch permits the pilot to turn off the approach
light at his convenience without removing his hand from the cyclic.
XV.
GROUND HANDLING WHEELS
landing gear skid tube has a manually operated overcentering device

The ground handling
lower the wheels or retract them for flight.
wheels should be retracted and the helicopter allowed to rest on the skids
when engine run-up is being performed or when the helicopter is parked.
The wheels and brackets can be removed for flight, or they can be secured
in the up position.
The wheels weigh. 13 pounds and are attached to the
The weight and balance for each flight must
skids at station 104.7.
If the wheels are left on the
account for the location of the wheels.
Each
to
ski ds
the
corresponding
XVI.
se
speed wi ii be
reduction in range.
crui
approximately
mph
lower,
wi th
BAGGAGE COF~PARTMENT
compartment for storage of baggage is provided in the area art of the

Access
is through a single door located on the
engi ne compartment.
The capacity of
right-hand side which has a lock for external locking.
the compartment is approximately 6.3 cubic feet and it has an allowable
loading capacity of 108 Ibs at Station 135.
A
XVII.
ANNUNCIATOR PANEL
of the warning and caution lights are contained in an annunciator
which is located at the top of the instrument panel.
The warning
lights include low rotor rpm, clutch disengagement, and low fuel pressure.
The caution lights include overboost and main rotor transmission and tail
Further information about these lights is
rotor transmission chip lights.
contained elsewhere in this section and in Section 3
Emergency and
Malfunction Procedures.
All
panel
~I
Revi sed:
12/14/88
PAGE
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
BOX 211
REPORSNO
8.0
28-AC~020
DATE:
1/11/85
ULNUM NEE MICHIG*N19858
SECTION 8
INSPECTIONS, MAINTENANCE, SERVICING,

STORAGE AND HANDLING
II~
PnGE
REPORT hO
8~1
28-AC-020
GATE:
1/11/85
TWE ENS?ROM H.IIC017EII CORPOR*1.ION
280FX
TWIN COUN~Y AIRPORT
PO
BOX 211. MENOMINEE
MICHIGAN 49858
SECTION 8
INSPECTIONS, FIAINTENANCE,
SERVICING, STORAGE AND HANDLING

I.
GENERAL
Aviation Regulations place the primary responsibility of mainthe
taining
helicopter in an airworthy condition on the owner or operator
The owner of the helicopter should register the
the
of
helicopter.
Enstrom
with
helicopter
Helicopter Service so he will receive the latest
Directive
Service
Bulletins, Service Information Letters, and manual
All procedures, limits, service and maintenance requirements
revisions.
considered
Manual
the
Maintenance
contained
in
this
manual
and
are
Federal
mandatory.
Registration of the helicopter in accordance with FAR Part 47 will insure
ADs
are
mandatory
receipt of FAA Airworthiness Directives (ADs).
the
time
within
be
that
must
specified in
completed
inspections or changes
the Directive.
II.
REQUIRED INSPECTIONS
A.
Annual
All
Inspection
civil
inspection
8.
100-Hour
of US Registry are required to receive

in accordance with FAR Part 43.
helicopters
annual
Inspection
All civil helicopters of US Registry

receive a 100-hour inspection.
C.
an
operated
for hire
are
required
for
information
to
Rotorcraft Maintenance Manual

See the
Inspection Section of the Maintenance Manual
on:
1.
2.
3.
4.
III.
50-hour inspection
25-hour inspection
Lubrication intervals
Special inspections
C1ATNTENANCE
All maintenance, preventive maintenance and alterations to the helicopter
must be performed in accordance with the Maintenance Manual procedures by
All maintenance performed requires a Log
appropriately rated personnel.
These documents need
Book entry in the helicopter log or the engine log.
in the helicopter but must be ava i 1 abl e to mechanics
not be
ca rri ed
performing maintenance and inspections.
paGC
82
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
TNF ENSTKOM HEI.II.I)I.IEII COHI.UII*1I(IN
280FX
PO
TWIN COUNTY AIAPOAT
IV.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE BY THE PILOT
43, Appendix A, defines work classified

Preventive maintenance may be performed by a
as
preventive maintenance.
The work must
certified pilot on a helicopter he or she owns or operates.
Manual
and
Maintenance
the
in
be performed
accordance with
logged in the
maintenance
are:
of
preventive
helicopter or engine log. Examples
Federal
A.
Aviation
Regulations,
Lub rication
B.
items such
Applying preservative
disassembly of primary
C.
Replacing bulbs,
lights.
D.
Replacing
or
as
protective material
structure
reflectors
to
of
components where
no
system is included.
or
position lights
and lenses of
spark
cleani ng
or
removal
than
other
disassembly
and
cover plates, cowlings
fairings.
requiring
not
non-structural
Part
setti ng
and
plugs
of
and
spark
landing
plug
gap
clearance.
safety wiring
E.
Replacing
defective
F.
Removal,
inspection,
cleaning
or
and
cotter
keys.
replacement
of
magnetic
chip
detectors.
V.
SERVICING
Servicing of the helicopter includes changing or replenishment of fuel,

oil, lubrication and other maintenance functions.
A.
Fueling Locations
two fuel tanks located just aft of the cabin section and
are
Each tanks capacity is 21 US gallons and
the
over
top of the engine.
is designed with a continuous cross feed so that fuel level reniains
The tanks may be serviced from the fillers by
the same in each tank.
Observe the following precautions
either pressure or gravity methods.
There
during servicing:
Turn off all
electrical
Disconnect external
Ground aircraft
gear skids.
1.
Fuel
switches.
power,
if used.
by attaching grounding cab?e
Capacity
a.
Total
b.
Usable
c.
Grade:
quantity:
quantity:
42 US
gallons
40 US
gallons
100/130, 100LL
to
landing
PAGE
TH~ ENS1ROM HELICO~EH CORPORATION
280FX
TWIN CoVNTY AIAPORr
PO
REPoF(T NO
DOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
1/11/85
DATE
2.
Servicing Fuel System

The fuel
tank.
3.
8.3
28-AC-020
filler caps
located
are
on
the top outboard of each fuel
Filling Fuel System

To
moisture
prevent
possible using
WARN ING:
CAUTION:
condensation,
refuel
aircraft
as
Use all
hazard.
necessary
In many
cases
precautions
operate from fields
it may be necessary to
a chamois cloth should be used to

materials.
Attach
b.
Remove fuel
ground
c.
landing
wire to
remove
any
from drums
funnel and
foreign
gear skids.
cap and insert hose nozzle.

This will
tanks.
Do not allow nozzle to bend filler neck.

help prevent bending the fiberglass fuel
CAUTION:
as
to eliminate any fire
lacking normal, fuel servicing. When fueling

or any questionable source of supply, a clean
a.
soon
following procedure:
the
Maintain visual check during fueling

tanks.
on the face of the fuel
by
use
of the
sight strip
refueling a hot engine, service the right

opposite the turbocharger exhaust first,
allowing turbo exhaust to cool down prior to
refueling the left tank.
NOTE:
When
tank,
cross-feeding is occurring during fueling, and

insure full capacity of both tanks, it may be
the right side tank, ta k i ng
necessary to refill
NOTE:
As
to
care
d.
Secure fue?
e.
Visually
not to overfill.
caps and
check
all
remove
fuel
ground wire.
lines
and
components
for
signs
of
leaks.
4.
Draining Fuel System

Fuel
draining should be
nose-down attitude.
There
accomplished
are
with
two methods
of
helicopter in
removing the fuel:
the
paoE
1)
THP gNY.rROn HELICDITER COIII.DR*TION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
REPORT NO
P.O. BOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
1/11/85
DATE:
a.
through
draining must
Defuel
the filler neck,

be accomplished
using
using
or
a.pump
the
siphon.
fuel
8.4
28-AC-020
system
Final
drain
valves.
b.
B.
Be sure that drain

Defuel using the fuel system drain valves.
valves are "closed" and secure after completing defueling of
the aircraft.
Engine Oil System Locations

The engine has a wet sump lubrication system located on the bottom of
Oil quantity is checked by the use of a dipstick located
the engine.
Oil is added to
inside the left panel door just below the fuel tank.
the engine through the adjacent tube, using an automotive-type filler
Lycoming recommends oil and filter changes at every 50 hours
spout.
of operation, and more frequently if operated in dusty, dry climates.
i.
2.
Adding
Engine Oil System
a.
Visually check oil level on dipstick.

to the 10 quart graduation mark.
b.
Secure filler cap.
Add oil
to
bring level
Engine Oil System
Draining
a.
Place suitable container under
b.
Remove drain valve
belly panel.
oil
plug, allow
to drain.
Engine oil should be
NOTE:
of
time
should
warm, and
be allowed for
sufficient amount
complete drainage
of
sump.
3.
Replacement
of
Engine Oil Filter (P/N
CH
48103)
A spin-on type oil filter is located on

The filter should be replaced at each oil
filter, follow the procedures below.
a.
Remove seat back and seat deck
b.
Remove firewall
c.
Remove and discard
d.
Using
e.
Replace
panel located
new
To
panel.
behind
remove
housing.
replace the
accessory
pilot side.
safety wire.
i-inch socket,
with
the
change.
filter.
filter, lubricating seal with oil.
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
4.
REPORTNO
8.5
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HELICOI~ER CORPORATION
280FX
to 18-20
ft/lbs and safety with .032 safety wire.
f.
Torque
g.
Cut open filter and
Draining
inspect for excessive metal.
Engine Oil Cooler
See Maintenance Manual

5.
Servicing Engine Oil System
dispersant oil at all times is

(Refer to Lycoming Service Instruction
selected grades for your climate.)
Use
of
an
ashless
Lycomi ng.
C.
cooler drain connections.
a.
Secure oil
b.
Add another 8
NOTE:
recommended by
No. 10145 for
quarts of oil
to the
engine sump.
The installation of the oil filter and oil cooler

will require the addition of 2 additional quarts of
oil after the initial ground run.
c.
Secure filler cap and
d.
Check all oil
dipstick.
lines and components for evidence of leaks.
Battery Information
The
produced by the aircraft
energy
battery stores electrical
alternator and supplies current to the electrical system on demand.
The 12-volt
The aircraft uses either a 12-volt or a 24-volt battery.
under
deck
the
located
the
seat
is
if
on
panel
battery,
equipped,
The 24-Jolt battery,if equipped
extreme right side of the seat deck.
is located immediately aft of the aft cross tube on the right hand
The battery is set in a box and secured by a
side of the aircraft.
hold-down bracket.
i.
Electrolyte Spillage
Overfilling and overcharging are two common causes of electrolyte

To preclude corrosion due to battery acid spillage,
spillage.
these simple servicing precautions should be performed.
NOTE:
~I
Revised:
An overvoltage
"kick out" the
conditions.
regulator is installed in the system to

voltage regulator in case of overcharging
electrolyte level.
a.
Maintain the proper
b.
Visually inspect battery for cracks, spillage, corrosion,

security of mounting.
12/14/88
and
PAGE
TI-IE ENS1HOM HEI.ICOII~H COHIORATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO BOX 277. MENOMINEE
c.
Visually inspect adjacent

or spilled electrolyte.
Battery
1/11/85
structures
for evidence of corrosion
the
event
Servicing
Unscrew filler caps
b.
Visually
top of battery.
on
electrolyte level in all

battery plates.)
inspect
cells.
(Proper
is 3/16 inch above
c.
Add water if
d.
Install
e.
Clean
required
and recheck level.
filler caps.
spilled
CAUTION:
To
water off
battery, using
clean cloth
spilled electrolyte off battery, mix one

DO NOT
baking soda to three parts water.
Rinse with
solution to enter battery cells.
water and wipe off with clean cloth.
clean
part
allow
clear
D.
DATE:
the
that
battery is low and an
installed
is
the
unit
not
on
auxiliary power
automotive
when
use
care
aircraft,
connecting
Burn damage to the battery cables
jumper cables.
will require replacement.
In
a.
level
8.6
28-AC-020
MICH(GAN 49858
CAUTION:
2.
REPORT NO
Main Transmission Location

The main transmission is located off the cabin section, mounted on the
Power is transmitted to the main and tail
pylon above the engine.
Oil level is checked by a sight gauge located on
rotor assemblies.
The small panel inside the
the right aft side of the transmission.
With
the
baggage compartment can be opened for the inspection.
be
should
at
oil
level
the
level
in
a
relatively
position,
helicopter
in the sight gauge.
or near the halfway level
i..
pints
after overhaul
Main transmission oil
Capacity
51 pints replenishing
Lubricant
Mobil
Draining
HD 80/90 Gear Lubricant
Main Transmission
A magnetic chip detector is located on the bottom of the trans-The unit itself consists of two
mission on the left aft corner.
parts, a quick removable self-sealing chip detector, and a base
The following procedures are to be used in draining the
fitting.
transmission.
irjl
(I~ll
a.
Remove and inspect the magnetic chip detector for evidence of

metal
do not disconnect the wire lead; tie back out of the
way.
f~
pace
8.7
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE
1/11/85
Tilli ENR.IIIOM HELICOI.IKR CVRPOIIII.IDN
280FX
PO 80X 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
b.
Install a trough-type device

left side of the aircraft.
c.
Place
d.
Remove the base
suitable container under the
2.
.Discard and
Servicing
ample
time for
plug,
trough
fitting, allowing oil
Allow
NOTE:
e.
the
under
to
outward
the
to
catch the oil.
to drain.
complete drainage.
replace base fitting crush washer.
Main Transmission
The transmission filler is located on the top of the transmission.

A
It has a spring loaded cap and an "O" ring for proper sealing.
inside of the filler filters any foreign material during
screen
replenishment.
a.
Reinstall the self-sealing base of the

using .032 safety wire.
magnetic chip detector,
NOTE:
the base fitting to the

tube with a suitable
It
is
pylon
permissible
tube
after
safety
wrapping
to
protection tape.
E.
b.
Service transmission with 53
c.
Visually inspect transmission
Over-Running Clutch
of authorized lubricant.
pints
for any evidence of
~edks.
Location
over-running clutch is located on the main transmission pinion

is
clutch
The
belt
inside
the
drive
a
shaft,
pulley.
upper
in
the
main
maintain
to
allow
rotor
unit
to
designed
rpm
free-wheeling
the event of engine failure, allowing the helicopter to autorotate to
a landing.
The
NOTE:
i.
For removal or replacement of the

Maintenance Manual.
Servicing
clutch, refer
to
the Enstrom
Clutch
Over-Running
The clutch area should be looked at frequently to deterrriine if any

When
service
check
is
leaks
exist.
a
required, proceed as
follows:
a.
Turn
screw
b.
~jl
clutch until
is above.
Remove the top
properly
two
screw
screws
are
horizontal
and
the
third
If clutch
and one of the side screws.
will seep from the side hole.
serviced, oil
is
P""L
8~8
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
Tn.lN-S1.IIOH BiiLIW)illit (-Ollr(il(*.II(1N
280FX
PO
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
BDX 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
c.
Due to the location of the drilled

Add oil through top hole.
oil passage, it is possible for the sprags to partially block
the
hole, so that the clutch will take oil very slowly.
Ad d i ng oil
under pressure, using a spring-type oiler, can
speed servicing. Add oil until a positive stream of oil comes
from side hole.
d.
Rotate side hole slightly above horizontal

Refer to Service Information Letter 0079A.
and
refill
again.
Formsprag Clutch Oil/Synthetic Lubrication Specifications:
F.
Tail
-40"F to +1200F
MIL-L-7808
-40"F to +120"F
MIL-L-23699
Rotor Transmission
The tail rotor transmission is located onthe aft end of the tail cone
It transfers power from tail rotor drive shaft to the
extension tube.
On the aft of the transmission is a sight gauge
tail rotor assembly.
The gauge should indicate
for visually checking for proper oil level.
filled at or near the top of the sight gauge with the aircraft in a
relatively level position.
.P
Recommended lubricant
Tail
i..
rotor transmission oil
Tail
Draining
There
10W-50
is
capacity
ounces
Rotor Transmission
magnetic chip
15W-50 aviation oil
or
transmission and
filler
detector located on the bottom of the

plug located just above the sight gauge.
a.
Remove safety wire and filler
b.
Remove
c.
Using a suitable container, remove self-sealing base

detector, allowing oil to drain completely.
d.
Remove and
e.
Inspect
plug.
magnetic chip detector, inspect
replace
condition
crush washer
of
"O"
ring
on
of
chip
for
chips.
~I
Tail
Servicing
a.
Reinstall
filler
plug.
Replace
b.
Using
c.
Install
Rotor Transmission
chip
detector base and
chip detector.
suitable clean squirt can,

filler
plug.
chip
detector base.
necessary.
2.
of
add oil
to filler.
if
THE ENgTROM HELICOPTER CORPORATION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
G.
PAGE
8.9
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
d.
Safety filler, drain and sight gauge.
e.
Visually
check for oil
f.
Wipe dry
any oil
Main Rotor
leaks.
spillage using
clean cloth.
P/N 28-14375
Dampers
Three dampers are located in the rotor system to control

action of the main rotor blades.
NOTE:
and
removal
Manual.
For
Recommended lubricant:
H.
Landing
Gear
refer
servicing,
Silicone Oil
the
Enstrom
to
lead-lag
Maintenance
L-45-20
Assembly
Four air-oil type dampers are used on the landing gear

absorb
landing shocks and to provide the damping required
assembly
The oleo is of steel tube construction
to eliminate ground resonance.
The relief
with the piston assembly having a hard chrome finish.
valves in the piston are preset and are not to be field adjusted.
Oleo Struts
to
The oleos are to be inspected at each preflight and must be in working

and
order
properly inflated before engaging rotor.
Inspect as
fol lows:
back
Check for proper inflation

Section 4, paragraph
2.
If leakage is noted, refer to MainteCheck oleo for leaking oil.

nance Manual for removal and seal replacement instructions.
3.
Check
side
4.
Servicing Oleo Strut
attachment fittings and hardware

Replace all damaged or worn parts.
When the oleo strut
Revised:
with
1.
a.
Remove
b.
Remove
floor
landing
c.
Attach
d.
Adjust regulator
12/14/88
high
fairing
to
from helicopter,
Maintenance Manual).
strut
(see
for
requires air, proceed

gear
pressure
on
gain
or
and
l.i~
security.
follows:
as
hoist
to
diPltitL
cracks
access
nitrogen bottle
nitrogen bottle
of iOpl
to oleo strut.
helicopter
clear
strut valve.
to desired pressure.
of
(I(
P"GE
TilB ENrPR~n HI:LICOl~fiH COHPON*TION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
REPORTNO.
BOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICH)GAN 49858
1/11/85
DATE:
e.
Loosen 3/4 inch nut valve, turn until resistance is felt, open
Close
one-half turn more; this will allow air to enter strut.
and tighten 3/4 inch nut.
NOTE:
If strut should require

Maintenance Manual.
CAUTION:
Ground
Service struts to:
1.
Torque
g.
Reinstall
result
if
can
helicopter
when oleo strut extension is incorrect.
400
psi
forward
400
psi
aft
25
25
assembly.
landing
gear
psi
psi
helicopter
Refer
to
fairing.
tube has provisions

To lower wheels:
a.
Insert wheel
b.
Remove lock
c.
With
is
Wheels
Handling
skid
refer to
oleo strut attach bolts to 40-60 inch-lbs.
all
f.
Each
replacement,
Check for proper extension of strut when

is sitting on ground after servicing.
paragraph H-l above.
NOTE:
Ground
seal
resonance
operated
I.
8~10
28-AC-020
for
manually
operated
wheel
bar handle aft.
pin.
steady lifting motion,
rotate bar
180" and install
lock
pin when holes line up.

CAUTION:
When raising or lowering wheels with handle,

should be taken to keep bar attached to axle
hold bar firmly when engaged for rotation.
care
and
2.
The wheels should be in the "up" (retracted) position whenever the

helicopter is to be run or when it is parked. The ground handling
wheels are not required for flight and the assembly may easily be
removed by removing the pins which attach the bracket to the skid
tube.
3.
Servicing
a.
Check the pressure,
70 to 75
psi.
~5
nii: ENsTllom HEl.lcoprcn cnarolia?lo.

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
280FX
PO
BOX 277
P"GE
8~11
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
b.
Lubricate axle shaft with
c.
Lubricate
wheel
bearings
general
purpose
with
Andok "B"
or
Andok "B"
wheel
or
grease.
bearing
grease.
J.
Transparent
Plastic
plastic cabin windows and doors provide complete visibility for

Maintaining these plastic enclosures
thepilot and the passenger.
consists of proper cleaning procedures and good visual
inspections.
Clean with fresh water and mild detergent soap.
The
NOTE:
K.
When cleaning windows with soap and water, always use a soft
Rinse with clear
fiber tissue to avoid scratching or crazing.
Plastic cleaner may be used if desired.
water.
Chip Detectors
quick release
disengage the
pushing up
self-sealing type. They
then pulling
and
and
turn
counter-clockwise,
lugs
turning one-quarter
After inspection and cleaning, they may be reinstalled by
down.
aligning the lugs, pushing up and turning one-quarter turn clockwise,
and releasing up-pressure.
The
main
NOTE:
L.
and
tail
detectors
removed
be
by
may
rotor
chip
are
of
the
Operators should insure lugs lock into place

leaks before returning aircraft to service.
to
and
inspect for
Autorotation RPM
i.
General
The autorotation rpm must be adjusted such that the rotor rpm can
be held in the operating range during autorotation throughout the
This adjustment
complete range of gross weights and airspeeds.
before the helicopter left the factory, and should not
was made
need to be changed if the helicopter is operated out of a base
if
level
the
the
with
sea
near
However,
original blades.
is
base
6000
feet
of
at
altitude
of
out
a
an
operated
helicopter
the autorotation rpm should be checked and readjusted
or higher,
In addition, if the helicopter was operated out of
as necessary.
base above 6000 feet and is moved to a lower altitude, the
a
autorotation rpm should be checked.
Finally, the autorotation rpm
should be checked if the main rotor blades are overhauled or
changed. The procedure to check the autorotation RPM is described
The adjustment procedure is described in Section 12 of the
below.
Maintenance Manual.
Re v i
ed
7/12/85
280FX
TWIN COUNTY *,aPORT
2.
PO
REPORT NO
8.12
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PAGE

BOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGP~N 49858
Autorotation RPM Check

autorotation rpm should be adjusted to comply with the
The
schedules shown in Figures 8.1 and 8.2.
Figure 8.1 should be used
the
if
helicopter is based at a location below 6000 feet.
Figure 8.2 should be used if the helicopter is based at a location
To check the autorotation RPM, proceed as
above 6000 feet.
follows:
a.
the weight of the helicopter as it will be flown

(reference Section 6). It is important to accurately know the
gross weight of the helicopter including fuel and occupants
during this test.
~Determine
b.
Establish the hel i copter in a stabilized autorotation at

Do not allow the rotor
60 mph with the collective full down.
fall
to
below
or
332
RPM to exceed 385
This
rpm
rpm.
autorotation should be conducted over a suitable landing area
The autorotation should be entered
in case of engine failure.
high enough to allow the pilot to stabilize the autorotation,
record the necessary data, and recover from the autorotation
at a safe altitude.
c.
Once the autorotation is stabilized, record the rotor rpm, the

outside air temperature (OAT), and the pressure altitude (with
It is important that the
the altimeter set to 29.92 in-hg).
autorotation is stabilized before these readings are taken.
d.
Compare these readings with the

Figure 8.1 or 8.2, as appropriate.
e.
If
the
rpm
is
not
correct
schedule, adjust the rpm
as
information
provided
indicated by the
described in Section
as
in
appropriate
12
of
the
Maintenance Manual.
f.
M.
the
steps 1
If
re-check
rpm is adjusted,
thru 5 of this procedure.
the
rpm
as
described
in
BLADE TAPE
Polyurethane tape, as supplied by Enstrom

installed on the leading edges of the main
Customer Service, can be

blades as described
in Service Information Letters 0024 and 0069.
This tape will provide
If this tape is
some corrosion protection for the main rotor blades.
be
it must
installed,
inspected before each flight for holes,
If any
blisters, bubbles, or separation of the tape from the blade.
defects are found, the tape must be removed or replaced before futher
flight. The tape should be kept clean, just as any blade must be kept
Clean the tape only with soap and
clean for maximum efficiency.
Do not use solvent on or around the blade tape.
water.
ji~(
~I
Issu ed:
Rev i sed:
7/12/85
12/14/86
rotor
THe ENSTHOM HELICO~ER CORIOHATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPOAT
PO
PAGE
8.13
REPORTNO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
7000
8000
6000
7000
5000
w
LL
6000
4000
13
5000
3000
io
Lu
30
2000
"~LO
4000
g~cPS!
Q
I
LU
a:
-1
s
v,
v,
W
a
ct
t
SEA
2000
~y
v,
LEVEL
n I\on n
3000
1000
Lu
o
1000
-1000
SEA
-2000
LEVEL
;o
-1000
OF
OC
-2~o
40
10
AIR
OUTSIDE
100
8P
6p
4_0
-10
-20
2000
1800
AIRCRAFT WEIGHT
30
20
2200
(POUNDS)
TEMPERATURE
EXAMPLE:
CHECKED
RPM
AT
OAT
THROUGH 2000
PASSING
DENSITY ALTITUDE IS
AIRCRAFT
AUTOROTATION
CHECK
FULL
OAT,
RPM
RPM
IN STEADY
DOWN.
RECORD
ROTOR
DROP
1500
WEIGHT WHEN
RPM,
BELOW 332
FEET PRESSURE
ALTITUDE
(70C)
THIS ALTITUDE: 450F
FEET
RPM
WAS
SHOULD
BE
CHECKED: 2110 POUNDS

367 WITH COLLECTIVE
60 MPH AUTOROTATION
PRESSURE ALTITUDE
AND AIRCRAFT
WEIGHT,
WITH
THE
DOWN
COLLECTIVE
(ALTIMETER SET
DO
FULL
TO
29.92),
NOT EXCEED 385 RPM OR
RPM.
FIGURE 811-AUTOROTATION RPM SCHEDULE FOR SEA LEVEL
BASE
r?s
Issued:
7/12/85
ALTITUDE
2400
THE F,NSTHOM HEI,ICOITTEH COH~OHATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
PAGE
8.14
REPOATNO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
BOX 277. MENDMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
11000
12000
10000
Ly
9000
eooo
,7wo
~s
~o
-I
IYnlu
mlu,~l
u
I~
7 \h
v,
~Z
-1
v,5000
~pa
a8000
~6000
cr:
3
i;,
t: sooo
4000
rr
iP
3000
OF -20
20
60
40
80
18 00
OUTSIDE AIR
2400
2200
WEIGHT (POUNDS)
2000
AIRCRAFT
QC
TEMPERATURE
EXAMPL E:
RPM CHECKED
OAT AT
PASSING
DENSITY ALTITUDE
AIRCRAFT
WEIGHT
2AUTOROTATION
RPM
CHECK
FULL
OAT,
DROP
THROUGH 8000
THIS ALTITUDE: 420F
IN
DOWN,
ROTC~7
STEADY
332
RPM
RPM SHOULD
RECORD
~s(
Issued:
7/12/85
WAS
CHECKED: 2060 POUNDS
88374
WITH COLLECTIVE
60 MPH AUTOROTATION
WITH THE
FULL
AIRCRAFT
WEIGHT,
DO
DOWN
COLLECTIVE
PRESSURE ALTITUDE (ALTIMETER SET TO

NOT EXCEED 385
29,92),
RPM
OR
RPM,
FIGURE 812-AUTOROTATION
BASE
PRESSURE ALTITUDE
8800 FEET
WHEN
RPM,AND
BELOW
IS
FEET
(60C)
ALTITUDE
RPM SCHEDULE FOR 6000 FOOT
~5
PAGE
THE ENSTHOM HEI.ICOPTEH COHPORATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
REPORT NO
GATE:
SECTION 9
OPERATIONAL INFORMATION
(RESERVED)
9.0
28-AC-020

2209 22ND STREET
P.O. BOX 480
280FX
PAGE
10.0
REPORT NO.
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858-0490 U.S.A.
SECTION
10
SUPPLEMENTS
F-511 (Rev.A.12/931
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HELICOIr~ER CORPORATION
REPORTNO.
TWIN COUNTY AIAPORT
280FX
SUPPL~IENT NO.
DATE:
10.1.1
28-AC-020
1/11/91
WET/DRY DISPERSAL SYSTEM

SECTION 1
I.
GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
A.
This
supplesnent must be attached to the approved flight manual when

wet/dry dispersal system is installed. Operation in compliance
with Section 2 of the approved Flight Manual is mandatory except as
modified by this flight manual supplement.
Other approved sections
and supplemental data are recomnended procedures.
the
B.
~I
FAA
This
aircraft
is
approved for restricted category operations when

agricultural spray equipnent is installed in compliance with Enstrom
(Initial installation of electrical
Helicopter Drawing 28-2260.
components, 2xrmp, clutch control, rails, drive system, boom attach
fittings and upper tank attach fittings must be performed by a
certified mechanic and entered in the airfra~e log).
After initial
installation, r~oval or installation of wet/dry dispersal system may
be accomplished by owner or operator,
Approved:
JAN 111991
ENI;J~TROM
280FX
22as 22mf STREEF
P.O. BOX 490
MENOMINEE, MICHIGAN 19858-M80 V.S.A.
SECTION 2
PAGE
10.1.2
REPORTNO.
28-AC-020
DATE
1-1 1-91
LIMITATIONS
I.
Airspeed Limitations:
M~urimum operation speed 85 MPH IAS at Sea Level, power

and power off, linear decrease to 80 MPH IAS at 6000 ft H,,
linear decrease to 57 MPH IAS at 9000 ft H,
II.
Altitude Limitations:
9000 ft
III.
Weight Limitations:
IV.
I"
IV.
A.
Maximum gross
B.
Maximum load per
Center of
Gravity
weight:
2600 Ibs
350 Ibs
Limitations:
96.3 in. To 98 in, at 2600 Ibs.
B.
For
of
density altitude
dispersaltank:
A.
Type
on
weights
Operation:
lower than 2600
pounds,
see
Figure 10.1.6
and 10.1.10.
Approved for restricted category operations under provisions of Title 14

CFR, Part 137.
Placards:
A.
On Tank:
RESTRICTED
AGRICULTU RAL OPERATION ONLY
MAX. LOAD PER DISPERSAL TANK-350 LBS
B.
In View of Pilot:
1.
The
following V, placard
is used
on
all 280FX
helicopters
up to serial number
2132.
RESTRICTED CATEGORY NEVER EXCEED SPEEDS M.P.tf. I.AS.
I
OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE "F
60
40
0
20
-20
ALTINDE
85
85
85
85
85
SEALEVEL
85
85
85
85
85
1000
83
84
85
85
85
2000
82
83
84
85
3000
85
81
82
85
84
83
4000
80
81
82
84
5000
83
80
68
83
81
6000
82
60
68
81
79
82
1
7000
61
81
69
80
8000
1
80
72
59
9000
PRES~S[IRE
FAA
Approved:
June 8, 2007
80
85
83
82
81
BO
68
60
100
85
82
81
80
69
57
28-22615
"F" MODELS
Rev. 5
JUN 7/07
OVsr .nLHM
280FX
22oe 22nd STREETP.O. Sox 090
2.
MENOMMIEE. MICHIGAN 4B85&MBD U.S.A.
PAGE
10.1.2.1
REPORTNO.
28aC-020
DATE
1-1 1-91
following VNE placard is used on all 280FX helicopters serial number 2133
subsequent. 280FXF helicopters up to serial number 2132 may also use
the following placard.
The
and
RESTRICTED CATEGORY NEVER EXCEED SPEEDS M.P.H. I.AS.

OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE "F
-20
0
40
60
80
20
TITUDE
85
SEALEVEL
85
85
85
85
85
1000
85
85
85
83
85
85
1
1
85
2000
85
1
82
1
84
83
85
85
3000
85
83
81
1
84
82
85
80
4000
82
84
81
83
84
68
5000
83
82
81
80
83
6000
60
82
81
80
68
7000
82
68
81
79
60
.1
81
80
61
8000
69
80
FAA
Approved:
June 8, 2007
72
59
100
85
82
81
80
69
120
85
81
80
79
58
57
28-2261 5-13
"F MODELS
Rev. 5
JUN 7/07
LI
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HEL~COPTER CORPORATION
REPORTNO.
PO
TWIN COUNTY *IRPORT
10.1.3
28-AC-020
BOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICH(OAN 49858
280FX
SECTION 3
1/11/91
DATE:
EMEW;ENCI AND MALFUNCTION PROC~EDURES
Liquid jettison
I.
Jettison
pitch
up
be
can
by actuating durcq? valve switch on cyclic stick.

anticipated. Adjust cyclic control accordingly.
Jettison tests were performed with one d~mp? valve

produce maximum lateral load and the
NOTE:
slight
inoperative to
showed negligible
effect on lateral control,

Loss of P0~3r
II.
III.
tail rotor
autorotation, jettison load irranediately and follow normal flight
manual
N.
procedures.
Abnormal vibration
In the event
of sudden onset of
immediately
appropriate
and land
as
V.
Spreader
If
irranediately
Approved:
severe
i/rev. vibration,
Check and
helicopter.
flights.
or
repair
jettison
load
main rotor d~npers
malfunction
v,
FAA
before further
increasing cyclic
land
flight
procedures.
Loss of
Enter
and follow normal
autorotation, jettison load
~Enter
manual
JAN
and check
11~491
is required for hover or forward flight,

loading situation and spreader operation.
THE ENSTROM
PAGE
CORPORATION
REPORTNO.
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
28 OFX
SECTION 4
1/11/91
NORMAL PROCEDURES
following procedures should be added

as appropriate.
The
DATE:
10.1.4
28-AC-020
to the
preflight,
before take
off, and
take off checklists
Preflight
I.
check
A.
Clutch control handle and spray "on"

Check sprayer system controls.
and "off" snitch on cyclic stick.
B.
Check spray tank beams for
C.
Check spray tank for
security.
security
and freedom of movement
springs.
D.
Check
II.
Before take-off,
III.
Hover check
Hover check
~I
security
FAA
Approved:
lift
system
JAN
of pump belts and
guard
at G.W.
i 1 1991
on
nw>unting
emergency
for proper
hardware.
dLn~np switch.
damper operation.
against
THE ENSTROM HELICOPTEH CORPORATION

TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
P.C BOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
280FX
SECTION 5
PAGE
10.1,5
REPORTNO.
28-AC-020
DATE:
PERFORMANCE
RESTRICTED CATEGORY
V
never
VNE
All
gross
exceed
VS DENSITY ALTITUDE
demonstrated at 334 rotor rpm
weights with wetldry dispersal system installed
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
POWER ONIDFF
2000
S.L.
20
40
Indicated
60
Airspeed
FIGURE 10.1.1
~I
FAA
ppForoved: JAN i 1 (99t
80
MPH
100
120
1/11/91
THE ENSTROM HELICOIYI~ER CORPORATION

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
BOX 211 LIENOMINLE
DATE:
AIRSPEED CALIBRATION
2600 LB. GR. WT.
AG TANKS AND BOOMS
120
100
d
80
60
-cl
40
p
20
20
40
Indicated
NOTE: Indicated
speeds
60
Airspeed
below 20 MPX
FIGURE 10.1.2
JAN
10.1.6
28-AC-D2D
MICHIGXIN ~9.6
280FX
~5i
PAGE
REPORTN~
111991
100
80
MPH
are
not reliable.
120
1/11/91
10.1.7
PAGE
REPORT NO.
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
280~23
DATE:
MOVER CEILING IN-GROUND EFFECT
FT SKID HEIGHT
350 ROTOR RPM
14000
MAXIMUM CROSS
t/Dry
DisperaWEIcHT
System Installed
O,
!o,
STANDARD
DAY
10000
~SbO
LL
C3
=3
~Oo
80
wrh
v,
in
6000
2000
SL
26d0
24b0
2200
GROSS WEIGHT
(LBS)
FI~URE 10.1.3
~I
FAA
Z4?proved:
JAN
i 1 1991
2sb0
2L81~--020
1/11/91
PAGE
10.1.8
REPORTNO.
28-AC-020
THE ENSTROM HELICOPI~ER CORPORATION

TWIN COUNTY AIAPORT
280FX
DATE:
1/11/91
MOVER CEILING OUT-OF-GROUND EFFECT
40 FT SKID HEIGHT
350 ROTOR RPM
14000
STANDARD
~h
DAY
10000
;00
MAXIMUM
GROSS WEIGHT
"o
00
EL
6000
-1
1\ R,
\I
\I
PI
\I
Installed)
200
2600
2200
2400
GROSS
WEIGHTS
(LBS)
FIGURE 10.1.4
(I,
FAA
(WetlDry
Dispersal
System
Approved:
JAN 51 ~991
2600
~Y
PAGE
10.1.9
REponrno
2819C-020

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
BOXIII
MENDMINC.. UICIIIOI\. 48861
280FX
DATE:
(Tests conducted on prepared surfaces with internal ballast and

without spray booms at SL and 7000 ft density altitude.
700
III I A~OID OPERATION IN THIS AREA
2~00D LB. GR. WT.
600
E Hover may be precluded b
tmospheric condjfions in this
ea
SAFE OPERATING AREA
500
400
o,a~s,
300
Recommended Takeoff Profile
C
EJ,
200
Use caution in this
area to
avoid contact of tall rc~or
guard
100
20
40
Indicated
60
Airspeed
FIGURE 10.1.5
FAAPpprwed:
:AN
111491
with
gcound
80 85
MPH
100
l/lL/91
PAGE
10.110
REPORTNO.
28-AC-020

COVNTY AIAPORT
SECTION 6
Items
to
be
280FX
WEIG~PT AND BALANCE
basic Flight Manual

and c.g. calculations.
used with
helicopter weight
Form
Weight
Items Installed
1/11/91
DATE:
No.s
F-165A
and
F-168A
Moment
Arm
system
removable
portion
113.65
107.77
12,247.59
Dry system
removable
portion
71.35
97.60
6,963.47
13.25
89.94
1,191.12
Wet
Items
remaining
on
helicopter
(normal category)
Dispersal
95.00
tank load
Weight
Items Removed
Land gear
96.75
-8.0
fairings
Mcanent
Arm
\U\"cTL--TYPICAL
LOADINGS
2200
~j 2000
1600
92
94
96
LONGITUD1NAL C.G.
INCHES
FIGURE 10.1.6
FAA
P~proved:
-774.00
JAN i 1 \991
98
for
THE ENSTROM HELICOPIER CORPORATION

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO. BOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
280FX
PAGE
10.1.11
REPORTNO.
28-AC-020
1/11/91
DATE:
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND INSTAL;LATLON INSTRUCTIONS
SECTION 7
seeEnstrcan drawing 28-22620 and handbook

Initial installation
"Installation Instructions and Parts List Ccanbination Wet/Dry
I.
Ag
Xit
831000".
The
items may remain
following dispersal system

operations.
the
on
helicopter
for
normal category
A.
Rail
B.
Power take-off
C.
Strut
D.
Pressure gage
E.
Clutch Control
F.
Electrical harness and switches

The
NOTE:
or
III.
assembly
fittings
and upper tank
fittings
landing gear fairings must be rer~ved while the

its components are installed.
Installation
A.
assembly
procedures
Position tanks
on
wet
dispersal system
dispersal system
rails and
secure
(4) clevis pins (upper
with four
and lower).
Check internal tank
NOTE:
free
Isolation rru>unt
r~ounting.
(no preload with tank empty).
state
should be in
spring
Check
nut
should be
1.0
inch in from end of threaded rod.

B.
Position wet center section
C.
Attach
feed assembly
safety wire, and
cross
latch and
on
secure
with clevis
pins.
tanks, secure with over center

install 2 hoses to center section.
to spray
D.
Attach clutch control cable.
E.
Ren~ove
tape securing belt
rails
to
jackstrut
and
place
belt
on
power take
off.
F.
Connect Pressure sender valve motor and erru~rgency
electrical
~I
FAA
plugs.
G.
Attach spray booms and
H.
Inspect System
Approved:
and
JAN ii 1 1Y9\
safety.
perform operational check.
d~rmp
motor
P"CE
THI ENBTRDM HELIMPIER COR.OR*TION
REPORTNO.
TWIN COUNTY AIRPOAT
III.
280FX
10.1.12
28-AC-020
1/11/91
DATE:
Installation procedures wet dispersal system (Cont.)

I.
log
approved
Make
Wet
V.
Installation
Reverse
Position tanks
free
Helicopter
steps
through
I.
procedures dry dispersal system

rails and
on
Check internal tank
NOTE:
dispersal system installed.

operations only".
"Wet
entry:
system removal
TV.
A.
book
for restricted category
secure
mounting.
with four .(4)
Isolation
~ount
(no preload with tank empty).
state
clevis
spring
Check
nut
pins.
should be in
should be
1.0
inch in frc~n end of threaded rod.

B.
right side spreader under tank

(butterfly valve aft) and.safety
Install
and
latch
wire.
secure
with overcenter
Connect electrical
plug
to valve lnotor.
under tank.
C.
Install left
D.
Install and
E.
Install
angle
F.
Install
"V" belt and
G.
Install left and
right take-up assemblies.
H.
Install
long "V"
adjust tension.
belt to each
I.
Inspect system and perform operational check.
J.
Make
log
approved
spreader
adjust linkage
book
drive
using
between
two
adjust
Dry system renmval
VII.
To return
tension.
spreader (Lower
Reverse
Cap electrical plugs,
FAA
Fasten clutch cable to
C.
Tape "V" belt
Approved:
JAN
to
steps
through
cross
and
helicopter
J.
rerr~ve
fasten ends to rail
jackstrut.
i 1 19Y1
right spreader)
operations only".
bundle ties.
B.
to
"Dry dispersal system installed;
entry:
helicopter to normal category,

system per above instructions and:
A.
valves.
(2) clevis pins and safety.
for restricted category
VI.
butterfly
tube.
wet
or
or
cross
dry dispersal
tube with tape
or
PAGE

REPORTNO.
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO 80X 277 MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 48858
To return
VII.
D.
helicopter
to normal
280FX
onTE:
10.1.13
28-AC-020
1/11/91
category (cont.)
Inspect helicopter.
Possible deterioration of rubber parts and corrosion of helicopter
Inspection
structure may occur when certain dispersants are used.
intervals and cleaning procedures should be modified to prevent
NCY~E:
damage.
E.
Make
"Wet/Dry dispersal system

entry:
provisions remaining on helicopter.
normal category operations".
log
book
allowance
for
FAR
~prwed: JAN
111991
except for
Helicopter approved
PAGE
THIS ENSTHOM HEI.ICO)YTISR CORPORATION

TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
280FX
REPoRTNo
10.2.1
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
SUPPLEMENT 2
FLOAT LANDING GEAR
SECTION 1
I.
GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
be attached to the Approved Rotorcraft Flight Manual
Float Landing Gear Kit No. 28-17326-4 is ins tailed.
Operation in compliance with Section 2, Operating Limitations, of the
Other
basic manual is mandatory except as modified by this supplement.
approved section and supplemental data are recommended procedures.
This
when
II.
supplement
the
must
Enstrom
DESCRIPTION
28-17326-4 Float Landing Gear Kit consists of two multi-cell (five

attachment
D
inflatable floats,
24780
No.
Air Cruisers
rel ocated pitot tube and lengthened landing gear universal
fittings
The
compartment)
blocks.
15~
THII ENSnIU. HEI.II:OPTER CUKPOnnTION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPOAT
P.O
10.2.2
REPORTNO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
SECTION 2
I.
rncE
TYPE OF OPERATIONS
Normal
operations from water at night are prohibited. This helicopter is

approved for operation under day-night VFR non-icing conditions from land,
and for day VFR non-icing conditions from water.
II.
AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS
A.
Never Exceed
Envelope
Speeds:
100
VNE
mph
greater than 3000 ft
Envelope
VNE
Figure 10.2.1
tnvelope
VNE
94
IAS
from
see
Placard and
Hd,
mph
IAS
from
SL
SL
to
to
3000 ft
For
Hd.
variations
Figure 10.2.1.
3000 ft
Hd.
Placard
and
Figure 10.2.1
for
See
for variations with altitude.

85
mph
IAS
at
SL.
See
Placard
and
variations with altitude.
NOTE:
III.
operations, envelopes
C and D have been combined.
ALTITUDE LIMITATIONS
A.
IV.
For float
Fl ight
as
Manual,
change from Basic
except
Section 4-IV of this Supplement, Base Altitude Change.
No
described
in
limits
and
CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITATIONS
A.
See Section 6-II of this

lateral offset moment.
Supplement
for
approved
c.g.
UVSI"ROM
280FX
P.O. BOX 440~ MENOMINEE, MICWOAN 19858-MBD U.S.A.
2me22nd STREEI
PAGE
10.2.3
REPORTNO,
28-AC-020
DATE
1-1 1-85
PLACARDS
V.
1.
V,
Placards
(located
The
a.
overhead above center
following VNE placards
windshield):
are
used
on
all 280FX
helicopters
up to
serial number 2132.
v,- IAS(MPHJ FORENMLOPE AWITH FLOATS
2soo
B~
2400
"I
2200
44
160
96
96
CG-lnches
2600
80
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
91
93
97
93
88
82
88
82
75
68
82
75
68
62
55
77
69
62
55
63
55
100
100
10D
100
1W)
100
4000
100
200
100
sooo
loo
98
6000
95
90
000
84
000
70
(2
laotgP
60
2000
g,,
v,,- IAS(MPH) FOR
40
20
-20
ALI111IDE
SEA LEVEL
94
281 8005511
ENVELOPE 8 WITH FLOATS
D
60
80
100
94
94
94
94
94
92
89
94
92
89
85
93
89
85
77
70
63
86
78
70
62
T1
63
56
65
59
ALTITUDE
SEA LEVEL
-20
20
94
94
94
2000
44
94
94
~A
UK~
94
94
6000
94
8000
90
000
80
10,800
74
2400
2200
2906
80(9~i
1
86
94
98
100
CG-lnches
40
28-1 80056-11
V,,- IAS (MPH) FOR ENVELOPE D WITH FLOATS
B
A
t~ ----I
94
96
CG-lnches
Approved:
-20
20
40
60
80
100
85
85
85
85
85
84
83
2000
85
64
B3
69
June 8, 2007
96
100
4000
85
84
83
82
81
78
sooo
83
82
81
79
69
59
81
80
BO
71
8000
90o0
leo~
FAA
ALTITUDE
SEA LEVEL
~1
-1
70
60
60
Rev. 5 i JUN 7/07
280FX
220922nd STREET P.O. BOX 490
b.
MENOMINEE, MICHLGAN *9858-0480 U.S.A.
The
following V,, placards
number 2133 and
2132 may also
2600
DI
I
2200
94
98
96
100
CG-lnches
2600
2200
A
2000
1""9i
94
98
96
100
CG-lnches
424M)
g
B
2200
A
2000
180~i
94
96
98
CG-lnches
FAA
Approved:
all 280FX
helicopters serial
up to serial number
following placards,
the
PRESSURE
ALTINDE
SEA LEVEL
100
100
100
2000
100
190
100
4000
100
100
100
6000
100
98
8000
95
10,000
12,000
84
70
60
80
100
120
100
100
100
100
100
10D
100
97
93
89
97
93
88
82
76
94
88
82
75
68
61
90
82
75
68
62
55
77
89
62
55
63
55
-20
20
June 8, 2007
40
28-1 80055-13
FOR ENVELOPE 8 WITH FLOATS
ALTITUDE
-20
20
40
60
80
100
120
SEALEVEL
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
94
2000
94
94
94
94
94
92
89
86
4000
94
94
94
92
89
85
77
69
6000
94
93
89
85
77
70
63
56
8000
90
86
78
70
62
10,000
80
71
63
58
10,800
74
65
59
VNE- IAS (MPH) FOR ENVELOPE
2600
1-1 1-85
PRESSURE
/D~
E~
use
VNE- IAS (MPH)
,7
on
DATE
subsequent, 280FX helicopters
2000
18DOg~
used
10.2.3.1
28-AC-020
v,,- IAS(MPH) FOR ENVELOPEA WITH FLOATS
T-
2400
are
PAGE
REPORTNO.
100
281800564 3
D WITH FLOATS
SSURE
ALTITUDE
SEA LEML
-20
20
40
60
80
100
120
85
85
85
85
85
84
83
82
2000
85
85
85
84
83
82
81
80
4000
85
84
83
82
81
78
69
60
6000
83
82
81
79
69
59
8000
81
80
70
60
9000
80
71
60
28-1 80057-13
Rev. 5 i JUN 7/07
41(
~b
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPDRT
BOX 211
PO
DATE:
1/11/85
(ABOVE
ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT
A.
10.2.4
28-AC-020
MENOMINEE. MICH1GAN 49858
SECTION 3
I.
REPORTNO
P"GE
.1-III: EN*I.I(Il. HBI.II-OI.IBB COIIPIIH\III)N
80
MPH)
heading with antitorque pedals and apply aft cyclic

simultaneously lowering collective pitch.
airspeed
Maintain
to
reduce
to
reduce
while
B.
Stabilize at 58
NOTE:
Night operation
C.
At about 75 feet
forward speed.
D.
When
apply
above
as
Enter normal
NOTE:
B.
Use
same
or
water,
surface,
apply
begin
to
necessary to cushion
aft
cyclic
level
level
helicopter and
landing.
Touchdown speeds should be keptbelow 20 mph for emergency

autorotative water landings, especially with forward c.g.
ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT
A.
landing light.
turn on
ground
above
about 20-25 feet

collective pitch
WARNING:
II.
mph.
(BECOW
80
MPH)
autorotation and stabilize at 58
Night operation
procedure
as
turn
on
mph.
landing light.
steps 0 and D of above procedure.
f~
280FX
PO
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
10.2.5
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
SECTION 4
I.
REPORTNO
P4GE
THE E1191.HO. HI:LICOPIOR COnlUn*IION
ROTOR ENGAGEMENT
NORMAL PROCEDURES
(ON WATtR)
Prior to engaging the rotor the helicopter should either be secured or set
adrift
sufficient to make at least one rotation due to
in
an
area
Allowance should be given for helicopter drift.
engagement rotor torque.
full left pedal and then follow normal engagement procedures until
needles marry, then smoothly advance throttle until tail rotor becomes
effective.
Apply
II.
FLIGHT INFORMATION
Taxi
slow
under.
at
nosing
(trough
III.
to
speeds with partial collective to prevent float

Safe taxiing has been demonstrated in waves up to
crest).
RUNNING LANDING
A.
Maximum recommended
rough water.
B.
After water contact, avoid

NOTE:
To
water
contact
speed
rapid lowering
possible float damage

speed.
avoid
contact
IV.
bows from
18 inches
is
30
of collective
on
land,
speed
Reduce
mph.
use
on
pitch.
minimum
ground
BASE ALTITUDE CHANGE

Before
A.
check float pressure.
flight,
Normal pressure is
1.5
psig.
over-inflate at base altitude .5 psig

to lower altitude
altitude
feet
1000
(6.5 psig maximum
change.
anticipated
per
inflation pressure.)
For
flights
NOTE:
ambient
includes the normal
ThiS
associated with changes in altitude.
temperature
variations
B.
10,000 feet differential altitude

flights to higher altitude
is
than
1.5 psig at
float
not more
permitted (provided
pressure
takeoff).
C.
For variations in ambient air temperature and/or water temperature at

When an ambient
a
given base altitude use the following procedure.
air temperature or water temperature colder than the temperature at
initial inflation is anticipated, over inflate, .5 psig above normal
for each 15"F decrease in temperature anticipated.
For
REPORTNO.
10.2.6
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PAGE
THE ENSTHOM HEI.ICOPTEH CORPORATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO. BOX 27). MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
SECIION 5
I.
II.
No change
charts:
from
basic
PERFORMANCE
flight manual
Figure 10.2.2
Airspeed Calibration
exceed
vs.
as
indicated
in
the
following
density altitude
Figure 10.2.1
never
except
RATE OF CLIMB
Reduce
Figure
rate of climb
5.8 of the basic
by 150 feet per

flight manual.
minute
from
that
obtained
from
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
REPOATNO.
10.2.7
28-AC-020
DATE
1/11/85
PAGE
THE ENSTHOM HEI,ICOY~ER CORPORATION

NEVER EXCEED
VS DENSITY ALTITUDE
12,000
.i
---1~
10,000
91
w
8000
:I
..i.~
LL-.--
6000
I\
1-
j-l-
C- --i:-~- --i-.
r
~j
4000
I
I
w
o
Iii
lit
rr.
iw
2000
-1
SEA
LEVEL
16
io
i--i
~o
~o
INDICATED
FIGURE
so
AIRSPEED
10.2.1
00
MPH
70
80
90
ibo
PAGE
THE ENSTHOM HE:I.ICO~F:H COHPORATION

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
280FX
BOX 277. MENOMINEE. MICH1GAN 49858
REPDRTNO
10.2.8
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
AIRSPEED SYSTEM
CALIBRATION CURVE
MODEL 280FX
WITH
FLOAT
PITOT SYSTEM
100
90
80
n
o
W
v,
ar
r.r-
Q
o
w
50
Ir
-J
4:
I I
_
40
30
j
i
:j
20
10
10
20
30
40
50
INDICATED AIRSPEED
PITOT TUBE
(ASSUMES
~I
INSTALLED
ZERO
70
60
(ilPH)
IN
INSTRUMENT
FIGURE
10.2.2
NOSE
ERROR)
80
90
100
1)
Tn. ENJ1.Hon HEl.lcolrsn ConPol~*noN
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORI
PO
II.
1/11/85
landing
calculated per the instructions

the following information:
bracket removal
MOMENT
ARM
107
75.0 Ibs
gear
in
using
WEIGHT
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
Wheel
28-AC-020
DATE:
BALANCE
WEIGHT
A new weight and balance should be

Section 6 of the basic flight manual
Float
1029
REPORTNO
SECTION 6
I.
P4GE
-15.0 Ibs
8025 in-lbs
in
113.5 in
-1703 in-lbs
CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS:
A.
There are three gross weight/c.g. envelopes for this helicopter with
Each envelope corresponds to
See Figure 10.2.3.
floats installed.
one of three V
envelopes as described in paragraph 2-II of
NE/altitude
supplement.
this
B.
C.
Envelope
A is the
See also
Figure 10.2.1.
lightest weight envelope
Upper weight
2.
Forward limit at 92.0 inches.
3.
Aft limit varies linearly from 94.6 in.

at and below 2070 Ibs.
B is the next heavier
at
2350 Ibs to 98.5 inches
envelope with limits
as
follows:
limit is 2450 Ibs.
1.
Upper weight
2.
Forward
92.0 in,
3.
Aft limit varies from 96.0 in,

and 98.5 in, at 2070 Ibs.
4.
Lower
linearly
limit
varies
at 2350 Ibs.
limit
follows:
as
limit is 2350 Ibs.
1.
Envelope
with limits
corresponds
to
from
93.8 in.
at 2450 Ibs to 98.3
the
upper
forward
2450 Ibs
at
in.
and
at
aft
to
2280 Ibs
limit
of
Envelope A.
D.
Envelope
(For
i.
2.
envelope with limits as follows:

operations, Envelope C has been combined with Envelope D.)
D is the heaviest
float
Upper weight
Forward
93.8 in.
limit is
limit
varies
2450 Ibs.
at
2600 Ibs.
linearly
from
96.5 in,
at
2600 Ibs
to
PAGE
THE ENSTHOM HRLICOlr~lSH CORPORATION
280FX
3.
Aft limit varies

2280 Ibs.
4.
Lower
limit
Envelope B.
linearly
corresponds
from 98.0 in.
the
to
upper
at
REPORT NO
10.2.10
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
2600 Ibs to 98.3 in.
at
limits
of
forward
and
aft
2600
ri:i
~NVECOPE ...-iB
n(0042
.._I
i
(3
1.
I~
2200
s
(n
v,
2000
II!
i:i-iiiiiiiiii.
i
iiiii_iljiiiriiiiti i: iir:::(
-_illli!..-ii( i;"iil:i.ii
1::r:~:::: I::::
lifiii:iliii:i;i_i.iti_iiiiii"::
1800
lr:
i:_:lii-__i:-i-11 :.:_l;j.ii ~ii:-t__iF:-i-:l
:I:rl:::::
__i_--li
rrr.l::::( _L~lll_11.
iii_l i:i j ii 1:i 1
.:_l:.~:i.:ir:.l .i:__~-.: :-:l:j_-l_:.liii.ir~:._j

i::i::i
ii
1600
90
92
96
94
CG-lnches
Att of
FIGURE 10.2.3
Datum
:i
--:-if;t._i -::i_.:.-- i
98
100
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HF:L.ICO~ER CORPOHATION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
REPORTNO.
10.3.1
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
SUPPLEMENT 3
EXTERNAL LOADS
SE%TION 1
GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
I.
This supplement must be attached to the Approved Rotorcraft Flight Manual

when the Enstrom Cargo Hook Kit No. 28-22000 is installed and utilized for
transportation of external cargo. Operation in compliance with Section 2,
Operating Limitations, of the Approved Rotorcraft Flight Manual is
mandatory except as modified by this supplement. Other approved sections
and supplemental data are recommended procedures.
II.
DESCRIPTION
This
is certifiedfor multiple certificate operation at gross

A
2600
Ibs for restricted category cargo hook operations.
weights up
book
shall
be
made
when
of
log
entry
operation.
changing category
aircraft
to
This
Ca rgo
features.
~I
FAA
Approved:
Hook
1/11/85
Ki t
incorporates
electro-mechan i cal
cargo
re
ea se
/Is
PAGE
THE ENSTHOM HE(.ICO~ER CORPOHATION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
PO
REPORT NO
10.3.2
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
SECTION 2
ENGINE LIMITS
I.
3050 rpm,
39.0 in.
MAP
(225 HP).
II.
When operating with an external

load, use Envelope D airspeed limits.
Refer to Basic Rotorcraft Flight Manual for airspeed limits when operating
without external load.
handl i ng
for
ai rs peed
satisfactory
dependent upon many variables, i.e.,
aerodynamic shape, load, c.g. of load, length of sling,
location of suspension points and rate of climb or descent.
Caution should be exercised as the onset of unsatisfactory
handling characteristics may be abrupt.
CAUT ION:
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Same
as
Basic Rotorcraft
Flight
Manual
WEIGHT LIMITATIONS
A.
The total weight of the helicopter and

See FAR 133, Subpart D.
exceed 2600 Ibs.
B.
Maximum external
load:
load
combination
shall
not
1000 Ibs.
CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITATIONS
Same
A.
for
Lateral
offset moment:
Rotorcraft Flight Manual.
B.
Lateral offset moment:

-3250 in-lbs.
For
as
Basic Rotorcraft
weights
operations
2350 Ibs
and
Flight Manual
under,
see
Basic
above 2350 Ibs, -1620 in-lbs to
TYPE OF OPERATIONS
A.
B.
under
certificate operations
for multiple
133 for Class B Rotorcraft-Load Combinations.
Approved
FAR
FAA
The
safe
maximum
characteristics
is
provisions
of
Normal operations under FAR Part 91 can be conducted with the cargo
hook installed, providing external cargo is not being transported.
Approved:
1/11/85
PAGE
REPORTNO.
10.3.3
28-AC-O20
DATE:
1/11/85
THE ENSTHOM HEI.ICOITEH COHPORATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
VII.
PO BOX 277. MENOM1NEE. M1CHIGAN 49858
PLACARDS
A.
Placards
in view of
pilot:
APPROVED FOR CLASS B ROTORCRAFT-LOAD OPERATION

OCCUPANCY LIMITED TO SOLO PILOT WHEN CARRYING EXTERNAL LOAD
USE ENVELOPE D NEVER EXCEED SPEEDS
B.
Installed
on
cargq hook:
EXTERNAL LOAD LIMIT
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
1,000 LBS
PAGE
REPORTNO
10.3.4
28-AC-02O
DATE:
1/11/85
THF: ENS1.HOAI HEI.ICOf~F:R COKPORATI(~N
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
BOX 21~. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
SECTION
I.
ELECTRICAL FAILURE
mechanical manual
the
forward of
electrical failure.
Pull
just
NOTE:
-I
FAA
Approved:
release handle
cyclic
grip,
located
to
drop
The cargo mechanical release will

of CARGO RELEASE arming switch.
1/11/85
on
the
cargo
function
pilots cyclic
in
the
regardlrss
event
of
stick
of
an
position
f~
P""i
REPOAT NO
10.3.5
28-AC-020
DATE
1/11/85
THE EN.IHDII AI:I.ICIIIIIII CORIOn*PIIIN
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
P.O
NORMAL PROCEDURES
SECTION 4
PREFLIGHT OPERATION CHECK
I.
A.
B.
Check electrical
1.
Turn master switch
2.
Place instrument
po s.i ti on
3.
Place
4.
Press
load
(3
on.
panel
Ibs
release
cargo
minimum)
on
switch
arming
to
the
ON
cargo hook beam.
cyclic grip and the beam will

upper swi tch on pilots
If
the
release
switch is held in the ON
release.
momentary
After the switch
beam
will
relatch.
not
hook
the
position,
cargo
is released, check to see if beam automatically re-latches.
Check mechanical
release system
(emergency release).
1.
All
2.
Place load
3.
Activate emergency release by pulling the "T" handle mounted

the pilots cyclic stick.
Approximately 1.5 inches of travel
release
the
to
required
cargo hook beam.
4.
II.
release system.
switches OFF.
(3
Ibs
minimum)
After load releases, push

automatic re-~atching.
on
"T"
cargo hook beam.
handle
in
and
check
hook
beam
on
is
for.
STATIC ELECTRICITY DISCHARGE

Provide ground crew with instructions as follows:
Discharge helicopter
static electricity before attaching cargo by touching the airframe with a
ground wire, or if a metal sling is used, the hook-up ring can be struck
If contact has been lost after initial grounding,
against the cargo hook.
the helicopter should be electrically regrounded and, if possible, contact
maintained until hook-up is completed.
III.
CARGO HOOK OPERATION

Position instrument panel CARGO RELEASE arminy switch (circuit breake~j to
ON as
desi red during
OFF when attachi ng cargo,
then move
swi tch
to
is
release
When
for
release.
desired, press upper switch
approach
cargo
on
FAA
pilots cyclic grip.
Approved:
1/11/85
PAGE
THE ENSTHOM HELICOPTER CORPORATION
280FX
P080Y211MLNoM1NLC
IWINCOUNTII\IRPO.T
n.ponrlio
10.3.6
28-AC-020
MICnlGIN.BB~B
1/11/85
DATE:
PERFORMANCE
SECTION 5
Use
approved flight
manual
data.
SECTION 6
A new weight
of the Basic
WEIGHT
balance should be calculated

Flight Manual using the following
and
OPTIONAL
BALANCE
the instructions
information:
per
ARM
WT
EqUIPMENT
(IN)
(LBS)
95.50
15
Cargo Hook Installation
in
Section 6
MOMENT
(IN-LBS)
1432.5
95.94
Hook Load
2400
TYPTCAL
v,
LOADINGS
2200
2000
,,,,i
(r
1600
92
94
96
LONG[TUDINAL C.G.
INCHES
Figure 10.3.1
-I
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
98
280FX
THE ENBTROM HELICOPTF,R CORPORATION

1WINCOYII~ L19POE7
PD BOX211
MENOMINEE
nEPonrNo
10.4.1
28-RC-020
DATE
1/11/85
PAGE
.CHG*NIPBSB
SUPPLEMENT 4
SNOWSHOE
SECTION 1
I.
GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
be attached to the Basic Flight Manual when the
Enstrom Snowshoe Kit No. 28-22400 is installed.
Operation in compliance
with Sectioi7 2
Operating Limitations, of the Basic Flight Manual is
mandatory except as modified by this supplement. Other approved sections
and supplemental data are recommended procedures.
This
II.
supplement
must
DESCRIPTION
The snowshoe kit consists of four snowshoe pads, two
and will permit landings in various snow conditions.
SECTION 2
Same
as
Basic
Flight
as
Basic
as
Basic
as
Gazic
tube,
Manual
Flight
Manual
Flight
NORMAL PROCEDURES
Manual
PERFORMANCE
SECTION 5
Same
skid
SECTION 4
Same
each
SECTION 3
Same
on
flight
Manual
SECTION 6
WEIGHT
BALANCE
in
new weight and balance should be calculated per the instructions
Section 6 of the Basic Flight Manual using the following information:
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
WT
(LBS)
Snowshoe Kit
~I?
FAA
Approved: ME;I/ a P t989
18.0
ARM
(IN)
100.9
MOMENT
(IN-LBS)
1816.2
REPORT NO
10.5.1
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PAGE
THE ENSTROM HELICOlrTE:R CORPORATION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
P O. 80X 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858
SUPPLEMENT 5
(RESERVED)
TI(E: ENSTHOM HEI,ICOIYTEH CORPORATION
280FX
SUPPLEMENT 6
(RESERVED)
PAGE
10.6.1
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
PAGE
THF: ENSTHOM HEI.ICOPTF,R CORPORATION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
P.O
(RESERVED)
O
c~
w
rr
10.7.1
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
SUPPLEMENT 7
(I,
REPORT NO.
~1
TFIF: ENSTROM HE:LICOPTER CORPOHATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
PAGE
10.8.1
REPORT NO.
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
SUPPLEMENT 8
(RESERVED)
TI(E ENSTROM HELICOPIER CORPORATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PAGE
10.9.1
REPORT Ng.
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
SUPPLEMENT 9
(RESERVED)
P.40E
10101
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
THL ENSTKOM HILICOI~YR CDHIoHITloU
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
SUPPLEMENT 10
ROTOR BRAKE
SECTION 1
I.
GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
This supplement must be attached to the Basic Flight Manual when the
aircraft
is
equipped with an Enstrom Rotor Brake Kit No. 28-01010.
be in compliance with the Basic Flight Manual except as
must
Operation
Other approved sections and supplements to
modified by this supplement.
this Flight Manual are recommended procedures.
II.
DESCRIPTION
The rotor brake is a hydraulic system consisting of a master cylinder,
The master cylinder is located under the
brake caliper, and a brake disc.
It is activated by a lever which
handle.
clutch
the
deck
to
seat
adjacent
master
The
clutch
handle.
the
to
also
is
next
cylinder is equipped with a
relief valve and a return line which limit the force of the brake to an
acceptable level. The brake is mounted to the pylon tube just aft of the
right fuel tank. The disc is located just aft of the upper drive pulley.
The cockpit arrangement of the brake handle is available in either a left
The brake handle is
hand orright hand pilot in command configuration.
avoid inadvertent
to
down
the
forward
in
or
located
position
normally
The brake is applied by unlocking the brake handle and
brake app~ication.
Returning the handle to the forward or down
pulling it aft or up.
position automatically
-I
FUA
Approved:
1/11/85
re-locks it.
PAGE
10.10.2
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
ENSIROhl HEI.1001~TEH COI1PORATION
280FX
TWIN COUN7Y AIRPORT
PO
BOX 21~. MENOMINEE. MICnlGAN 49858
SECTION 2
I.
II.
The rotor
200 rpm.
brake
shall
not
be
applied
when
the
rotor
The
brake
shall
not
be
applied
when
the
main
rotor
speed
rotor
is
above
clutch
is
engaged.
PLACARD:
III.
Right
Hand Pilot in Command
Located
seat deck
on
in front of brake handle.
Left Hand Pilot in Command
Located
flange
on
of seat deck below brake handle.
ROTOR BRAKE
Do not engage above 200 rotor rpm.
Unlatch and
If brake
should be
the
II.
FAA
use
application
disengaged,
results
and the
in
unusual vibration or noise, the brake

should be shut down normally without
rotor
of the brake.
The brake should be

the next flight.
Approved:
to engage.
SECTION 3
I.
pull up/back
1/11/85
inspected
and the necessary
repairs performed prior
to
P~"L
TWF FINSnlnW H.I.I(-OI~EH CnNPOR*TloN
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
SECTION 4
I.
B.
C.
as
described
1.
Check rotor brake handle freedom and travel.
2.
Lock rotor brake handle in forward/down
position.
Engine Compartment
Inspect hydraulic
Upper Pulley
line for leaks.
Area
1.
Check brake and disc security.
2.
Inspect
3.
Check puck gap and disc for freedom.
4.
Inspect
brake for leaks.
disc for
damage, pitting,
and excessive
wear.
ROTOR ENGAGEMENT
A.
B.
Insure the rotor brake handle is locked in the forward/down
Complete Rotor Engagement

Basic Flight Manual.
Procedure
as
specified
in
position.
Section 4
of
the
SHUTDOWN PROCEDURE
A.
Follow
Flight
B.
With
200
firm
Shutdown
Manual.
the
rpm,
C.
Procedure
specified
in
Section 4
of
the
Basic
clutch disengaged and when the rotor speed has dropped below
unlock the rotor brake handle and gradually pull back/up with
of the rotor brake at rotor speeds above 200 rpm

the
with
clutch engaged and the engine running may result
or
in excessive heat build-up and damage to the rotor brake.
Application
After the rotor has
position.
Approved:
as
steady pressure.
CAUTION:
FAA
preflight inspection
Cabin
1.
-s
1/11/85
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
A.
III.
28-AC-O20
DATE:
NORMAL PROCEDURES
The following items will be added to the

in Section 4 of the Basic Flight Manual.
II.
REPORT NO
PO
1/11/85
stopped, lock the
brake handle in the forward/down
THE ENSTROM HEI.ICOY~EH COHPORATION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
P.O
PAGE
10.10.4
REPORT NO
28-AC-O20
DATE:
1/11/85
SECTION 5
This section is the
SECTION 6
same
PERFORMANCE
as
the Basic
Flight
Manual
WEIGHT AND BALANCE
When an Enstrom Rotor Brake Kit No. 28-01010 is installed, a new weight and
balance should be computed as described in Section 6 of the Basic Flight Manual,
incorporating the following information:
ITEM
WEIGHT
Rotor Brake
(Kit No. 28-01010)
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
(Ibs)
15.13
ARM
tin)
105.67
MOMENT
(in-lbs)
1598.27
I~
THE EN?ITIIO. HL:LII:LIYPI:H CORPoRwlDN

TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
280FX
P4"E
10111
REPORTNO.
28-AC-O20
DATE:
1/11/85
SUPPLEMENT 11
AUXILIARY FUEL TANK
SECTION 1
I.
GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
This supplement must be attached to the Basic Flight Manual when the
aircraft is equipped with an Enstrom Auxiliary Fuel Tank Kit No. 28-01009.
Operation must be in compliance with the Basic Flight Manual except as
modified by this supplement.
Other approved sections and supplements to
this Flight Manual are recommended procedures.
II.
DESCRIPTION
The
fuel
tank is a 13-gallon tank with 12.7 gallons of usable

It consists of a foam-filled,
.3 gallons of unusable fuel.
It is .installed in the baggage
bladder
aluminum
inside
an
case.
neoprene
The auxiliary fuel tank
box with a line running to the main fuel tanks.
is equipped with a 12-volt electric pump which is used to transfer the
The auxiliary fuel tank
fuel from the auxiliary tank to the main tanks.
is designed to be quickly installed and removed.
auxiliary
fuel
and
transfer is controlled by a switch on the instrument panel.

Turning
switch on transfers the fuel from the auxiliary tank to the main
An indicator light near the fuel transfer switch will illuminate
tanks.
when all of the fuel in the auxiliary fuel tank has been transferred to
The fuel must be in the main tanks to supply the engine.
the main tanks.
This system is not designed to run the engine directly from the auxiliary
fuel tdnks.
The fuel transfer rate is approximately 25 gallons per hour,
and takes approximately one-half hour to complete.
Fuel
the
Because certain passenger load/fuel load combinations may move the center
of gravity outside of the approved envelope, provisions have been included
for storage of the ground handling wheels in a forward internal location.
In addition to allowing a greater variety of loading, the internal storage
of the ground handling wheels should increase the cruise speed by approxiThe wheels have been designed to mount immediately ahead of
mately 2%.
the instrument console.
Stowage of the ground handling wheels internally
is optional; however, the pilot must insure that operation within the
approved gross weight c.g. envelope is maintained with other baggage or
ballast as required.
III.
SUITABILITY FOR INSTALLATION
This installation
with normal gross
compartments.
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
only
weights of
can
be made on 280C, 280F and 280FX helicopters

2350 Ibs or above and 108 Ib capacity baggage
PAGE
THE ENOTHOM HEI.ICOPTEH CORIOHATION
280FX
TWINCOUNTYARPDAT
Po
BOXIIIMENOMINLE
TYPE OF OPERATIONS
See Basic Rotorcraft
1/11/85
Flight Manual
Flight Manual
III.
Flight Manual
V.
DATE:
II.
IV.
10.11.2
28-AC-020
NICHIG*N11858
SECTION 2
I.
REPOATNO
WEIGHT AND BALANCE
Flight
Manual
PLACARDS
must be attached
tank is installed in the aircraft:
The
fuel
following placards
A.
On the
fuel tank
28-12433-1
auxiliary
(Placard P/Ns
near
as
described
when
the
auxiliary
the filler cap:
28-22565-11)
"FUEL 100/130 OCT"

and
"13 GAL"
B.
On the instrument panel
below the transfer switch:
(Placard P/N 28-22560-11)

"TRANSFER FUEL BELOW 180 LBS"
C.
On
the
instrument
panel
below the
transfer
(Placard P/N 28-22559-13)

"AUX FUEL EMPTY"
-I/
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
complete
indicator
light:
COHI~OHATION
I~HE
280FX
TWIN
COUNTY AIRPORT
PO
II.
III.
FAA
10.11.3
28-AC-020
GATE:
1/11/85
EFIERGENCY AND MALFUNCTION PROCEDURES
SECTION 3
I.
PAGE
REPORT NO
ENGINE FAILURE
procedures
A.
Follow the
B.
If time permits
Transfer Switch
in Section 3 of the Basic
and a
OFF.
forced
landing
is
Flight
imminent:
Manual.
Auxiliary
DITCHING WITH POWER

A.
Auxiliary
B.
Follow the
Fuel
Transfer Switch
procedures
OFF.
Flight
Manual.
Flight
Manual.
FIRE IN FLIGHT
A.
Auxiliary Fuel Transfer Switch
B.
Follow the
Approved:
procedures
1/11/85
OFF.
Fuel
~5
THIS ENSTIIOM HEI.ICOIT~EH CORPORATION
280FX
TWIN COVNTY AIRPORT
PO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
NORMAL PROCEDURES
FUELING
A.
Use
B.
After
only 100/130
dry.
C.
II.
10.11.4
REPORT NO.
SECTION 4
I.
PAGE
100LL avgas.
or
the filler cap, make sure the area around the filler is
If any fuel has spilled, it must be cleaned up.
securing
Ventilate the
baggage
thoroughly
box
refueling.
after
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
The following items are added to the
Section 4 of the Basic Flight Manual:
A.
preflight inspection
as
described
in
Baggage Box
i.
Check security of fuel
2.
Check fuel
quantity
3.
Check fuel
lines for leaks.
4.
Drain
fuel
tank and transfer pump.
and fuel
sample into jar
tank cap
and
security.
check
fuel
grade,
and
check
for
impurities.
III.
BEFORE STARTING ENGINE

A.
B.
IV.
Transfer Pump
Complete Prestart
Flight Manual.
FAA
Check
List
as
described~in
Section 4
of
the
Basic
FUEL TRANSFER
A.
fuel
When
the
quantity in the main
180 Ibs, turn Fuel Transfer Switch ON.
B.
When the "Aux

Switch OFF.
NOTE:
cnl
OFF.
Approved:
Fuel
tanks
reaches
Empty" indicator illuminates,
turn
approximately
Fuel
Transfer
If there is insufficient room in the main tanks to hold the

fuel transferred frorn the auxiliary tank, the excess fuel
will be dumped overboard through the fuel tank vents.
1/11/85
P4"L
Tile ENJTBOM HI(I.IMI.LBR COHPOHWION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
V.
PO
REPORT NO
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
BOX 277. MENOMINEE. M1CHIGAN 49858
TRIM
of the auxiliary fuel tank will tend to move the center of
use
the aft limit, it may be desirable to increase the forward
toward
gravity
the
This may be accomplished by readjusting
trim
authority.
cyclic
Refer
Maintenance
to
bias
under
the
hand
seat.
longitudinal
right
spring
Manual, Cyclic Trim Rigging Procedure, MM-22-7.
Because
VI.
INTERNAL GROUND HANDLING WHEEL STORAGE
A.
After the wheels have been raised and the helicopter is on its skids,
the latch pins on the inboard end of the axle by pulling
remove
upward.
FAA
the wheel
B.
Remove the washer on the inboard end of the axle and

from the skid by pulling outward.
C.
Replace
D.
Remove a handle from the wheel bracket on the instrument console and
slide this handle through~the center of the wheel, from the outside of
the wheel inward.
E.
Slide the handle into the bracket and turn the handle until it slides
into the detent in the tube.
Then, while still pushing, turn the
handle approximately one-quarter turn clockwise to lock.
F.
The
Check to assure that the handle is locked in place.
side of the bracket should also be slightly compressed.
G.
Repeat steps A-F with the remaining wheel.
H.
To remove the handles from the bracket,

it
handle counterclockwise until
stops,
turn, then pull straight out on the handle.
Approved:
the washer and latch
1/11/85
pin
on
remove
the axle.
spring
on
the
push inward and turn the

approximately one-quarter
THE ENSTROM HF:I.ICOI~EH COHPORATION
280FX
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT~
PO
PAGE
10.11.6
REPORT NO.
28-AC-020
DATE:
1/11/85
SECTION 5
PERFORMANCE
no
change to the performance section of the Basic Flight Manual.
stowage of the ground handling wheels should yield approximately a 2%
All limitations listed in
increase in cruise speed for a given power setting.
the Basic Flight Manual remain in effect for this configuration,
There
is
Internal
-I
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
P*Or
~HE EN~TIIOI HrlICI)I.II-H CIIKPOK*TIOIC
280FX
PO
TWIN COUNTY AIRPORT
10.11.7
28-AC-020
REPORT NO.
1/11/85
DATE:
SECTION 6
I.
WEIGHT AND BALANCE
When an Enstrom auxiliary fuel tank kit No. 28-01009 is installed, a new
weight and balance should be computed as described in Section 6 of the
Basic
Fl i ght
Rotorcraft
Manual
the
followi ng
incorporating
information:
Item
Arm
Weight
Fixed lines and
Auxiliary
fuel
Unusable fuel
provisions
tank
in
auxiliary
tank
Moment
2.3
79.1
182.0
20.3
135.0
2740.5
2.0
135.0
270.0
24.6
II.
CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS
3192.4
Flight
Manual
Note that the typical data points shown use 170 Ibs as the minimum weight
Ce rta i n
sol o
pi 1 ot.
lightweight pilot configurations may req u i re
additional ballast in the cockpit to remain within the approved c.g.
envelope.
Typical
Load Condition:
Item
Basic aircraft
Auxiliary
fuel
tank with unusable fuel
Weight
C.G.
1620
100.5
25
1645
Moment
162,810
3,192
100.91
166,022
Pilot and passenger
388
62.0
24,056
Full
240
96.0
23,040
74
135.0
9,990
fuel
Auxiliary
fuel
2347
Relocate
ground handling
wheels
95.05
223,088
12
104.7
1,256
12
16.6
199
-1,057
Stow wheel
bar
Wheels relocated
-s
FAA
Approved:
1/11/85
3
2350
52.5
94.55
157
222,188
THE ENSTHOM HEI.I(:OI~TEH COH1OHATION

TWIN
COUNTII\IRPORT
PO
BOX I~i
28DFX
UENOMINBE. MICnlCIN ~geSO
SUPPLEMENT NO.
ENGINE
10.12.1
REPORTNO
28-AC-020
DATE
7/11/86
12
EXHAUST MUFFLER
SECTION
I.
PAGE
GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
This supplement must be attached to the basic flight manual when the
aircraft is equipped with a Wall-Colomony P/N ENX-OOO1 muffler.
Operation
in compliance with the basic flight manual is mandatory except as modified
Other approved sections and supplemental data are
by this supplement.
recommended procedures.
II.
DESCRIPTION
The Wall-Colomony P/N ENX-0001 muffler is

ins tailed in place of the
standard exhaust tailpipe.
No further modification to the aircraft is
The muffler is one pound heavier than the tailpipe which it
necessary.
replaces.
SECTION 2
No
change
from basic
flight manual.
SECTION 3
No
change
from basic
flight manual.
SECTION 4
No
change
from basic
NORMAL PROCEDURES
flight manual.
SECTION 5
PERFORMANCE
The
slight increase in exhaust back pressure at high power settings reduces the
engine power output such that the maximum hover weight must be reduced 60 pounds
from that shown in Figures 5.3 and 5.4.
The engine limits remain at 39.0
inches-MG MP and
3050 RPM.
SECTION 6
No
FAA
change
from basic
Approved:
flight manual.
July 16,
1386
WEIGHT AND BALANCE

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COPYRIGHT IS NOT CLAIMED AS TO ANY PART OF AN ORIGINAL WORK

Aircraft Technical Publishers

6AM-5PM PST M-F

101 South Hill Drive

ATP Grid Index to Manufacturers Publications:

Operator Manual and

Table of Contents and List of Effective Pages

Log of Pages and Revisions

Weight and Balance

Aircraft and System

Insp, Maint, Servicing, Storage and Handling

Wet/Dry Dispersal System

Aircraft Technical Publishers

Aircraft Technical Publishers

ROTORCRAFT FLIG HT MAN UAL

TYPE CERTIFICATE NO. H~ CE

HELICOPTER REGISTRATION NO.

TIMES. SECTIONS 2,3,4, AND 5 ARE F.A.A. APPROVED.

F.A.A. APPROVED BY:

CHICAGO AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION OFFICE

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

JANUARY 11. 1985

RECORD OF TEMPORARY REVISIONS

MENOM)NEE. MICHLOANt985&0490 U.S.A.

1.0 thru 1.5

Inspections, Maintenance, Servicing, Storage,

2.0 thru 2.9

and Malfunction Procedures

4.0 thru 4.13

5.0 thru 5.12

6.0 thru 6.16

7.0 thru 7.8

8.0 thru 8.14

Wet/Dry Dispersal System

3.0 thru 3.10

10.1.1 thru 10.1.13

Rev. 5 IJUN 7107

THE ENSTROM HELICOP~ER CORPORATION

80X 277. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN 49858

10.10.1 thru 10.10.4

Revised: h?9;1 291389

10.11.1 thru 10.11.7

fHE ENSTROM HEtlCOPTER CORPORAflON

277, MENOMINEE, MICH. 49858

LOG OF PAGES AND REVISIONS

EV. NO~I PAGES

~ioved Text, Added

APPROVED FOR MANAGER CHICAGO AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION OFFICE,

MENOM)NEE, MICHIGAN 4985B-aUK) U.S.A.

i, v, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9,

Added 120"F column to VNE

APPROVED FOR MANAGER CHICAGO AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION OFFICE

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

black vertical line.

Rev. 5 1 JUN 7187

Trle ENS1I~ODI HELICOYIEI( COKPORATION

P.O. BOX 27~. MENOMINEE. MICHIGAN JBBSB

AUXILIARY FUEL TANK

July 12, 1985

MANAGER, CHICAGO AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION OFFICE, CENTRAL REGION

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION