LESSON 4

Analysing logic gates

Common terminology of logic gates

NOT gate

Logic gate

The symbol of for a NOT gate is:

Truth table

An electronic circuit with a

single output and one or more
inputs .

: A table that summarises all the

possible input and output of a
logic gate.

Boolean algebraic:

A form of symbolic logic which

provides a mathematical
procedure for manipulating
logical relationships in symbolic
form.

Number of possibilities inputs and outputs..

N = 2n
N = number of outputs
n = number of inputs

The Boolean algebraic is:

The truth table is:

Input
A
0
1

Output
X
1
0

An equivalent circuit to a NOT gate:

Types of logic gates

There are seven types of logic gates:
(a)
NOT gate
(b)
AND gate
(c)
OR gate
(d)
NAND gate
(e)
NOR gate
Input
A
Switch off
Switch on

Output
X
Lights up
Goes off

AND gate

OR gate

The symbol of for an AND gate is:

The symbol of for an OR gate is:

The Boolean algebraic is:

The Boolean algebraic is:

The truth table is:

The truth table is:

Input
A
0
0
1
1

Output
X
0
0
0
1

B
0
1
0
1

An equivalent circuit to an AND gate:

Input
A
Switch off
Switch off
Switch on
Switch on

B
Switch off
Switch on
Switch off
Switch on

Input
A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

Output
X
0
1
1
1

An equivalent circuit to an OR gate:

Output
X
Goes off
Goes off
Goes off
Lights up

Input
A
B
Switch off Switch off
Switch off Switch on
Switch on Switch off
Switch on Switch on

Output
X
Goes off
Lights up
Lights up
Lights up

NAND gate

Example 1

The symbol of for an NAND gate is:

The figure shows a logic gate with inputs P and Q.

If the input P = 0011010 and the input S = 1100011 ,

what is the output X?

The Boolean algebraic is:

Solution
Example 2
The truth table is:
Input
A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

Output
X
1
1
1
0

NOR gate

The diagram shows two signals are connected to the

inputs A and B of an OR gate.

Draw the output signal X.

Solution

The symbol of for an NOR gate is:

The Boolean algebraic is:

Example 3
Work out the truth for the combination of logic gates in
figure below.

The truth table is:

Input
A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

Output
X
1
0
0
0

Solution

Applications of Logic Gates in Control Systems

(1) Automatic Fan for cooling system
Input
Smoke
Heat
detector
detector

Light
Detector
0
0
1
1

Temperature
Detector
0
1
0
1

Fan
0
0
0
1

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

Output
Fire
Fire
extinguishe
Alarm
r
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1

(4) Automatic Heater

(2) Fire Alarm system

Switch

Smoke
Detector
0
0
1
1

Heat
Detector
0
1
0
1

Siren
Not activated
Activated
Activated
Activated

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Input
Temperature
detector
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

Output
Light
detector
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1

(5) Control system for street lights

(3) Fire Control system

Input
Switch
0
0
1
1

Light sensor
0
1
0
1

Output
Street light
1
0
1
1