2.

Conductivity is a measure of waters capability to pass electrical flow. This

ability is directly related to the concentration of ions in the water. These conductive
ions come from dissolved salts and inorganic materials such as alkalis, chlorides,
sulfides and carbonate compounds. Compounds that dissolve into ions are also
known as electrolytes. The more ions that are present, the higher the conductivity
of water. Likewise, the fewer ions that are in the water, the less conductive it is.
Distilled or deionized water can act as an insulator due to its very low (if not
negligible) conductivity value. Sea water, on the other hand, has a very high
conductivity. Conductivity is usually measured in micro- or millisiemens per
centimeter (uS/cm or mS/cm). It can also be reported in micromhos or
millimhos/centimeter (umhos/cm or mmhos/cm), though these units are less
common. One siemen is equal to one mho 1. Microsiemens per centimeter is the
standard unit for freshwater measurements. Reports on seawater conductivity use
micro-, milli- and sometimes even just siemen/mho per centimeter, depending on
the publication (Kemker, 2014).
On the other hand, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) are the total amount of mobile
charged ions, including minerals, salts or metals dissolved in a given volume of
water, expressed in units of mg per unit volume of water (mg/L), also referred to as
parts per million (ppm). TDS is directly related to the purity of water and the quality
of water purification systems and affects everything that consumes, lives in, or uses
water, whether organic or inorganic, whether for better or for worse. In general, the
total dissolved solids concentration is the sum of the cations (positively charged)
and anions (negatively charged) ions in the water. Parts per Million (ppm) is the
weight-to-weight ratio of any ion to water (What is TDS?, n.d.). The electrical
conductivity of the water depends on the water temperature: the higher the
temperature, the higher the electrical conductivity would be. The electrical
conductivity of water increases by 2-3% for an increase of 1 degree Celsius of water
temperature. Many EC meters nowadays automatically standardize the readings to
25oC. This standardized reporting method is called specific conductance.
Temperature affects conductivity by increasing ionic mobility as well as the solubility
of many salts and minerals 30. This can be seen in diurnal variations as a body of
water warms up due to sunlight, (and conductivity increases) and then cools down
at night (decreasing conductivity) (The Electrical Conductivity of Water, n.d.).
3.
Salini
ty
(ppt)

TDS
(ppt)
(avera
ge)

Conducti
vity
(average
)

0
3

10.1
3.93

18.75
7.79666

Temperat
ure (oC)
(Average
)
29.5666
7
28.7333

5
9
20
30
35

5.576
667
21.7
38.13
333

7
11.1966
7
43.7
77.1333
3

53.5
64.46
667

107.2
126.643
3

3
28.8333
3
28.9
28.9
28.8333
3
28.7666
7

140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

Conductivity vs TDS

140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0

20

30

35

Conductivity vs salinity
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0

20

30

35

TDS vs Salinity

Following the trend of the graphs between conductivity, salinity, and total
dissolved solids, it can infer that as the conductivity increases, the salinity and total
dissolved solids increase as well. Salinity as basic definition is the total
concentration of all dissolved salts in water. More often, salinity is not measured
directly, but is instead derived from the conductivity measurement. This is known as
practical salinity. These derivations compare the specific conductance of the sample

to a salinity standard such as seawater. Salinity measurements based on

conductivity values are unitless, but are often followed by the notation of practical
salinity units (psu) (Kemker, 2014). Moreover, A TDS meter is based on the electrical
conductivity (EC) of water. Pure H 20 has virtually zero conductivity. Conductivity is
usually about 100 times the total cations or anions expressed as equivalents. TDS is
calculated by converting the EC by a factor of 0.5 to 1.0 times the EC, depending
upon the levels. Typically, the higher the level of EC, the higher the conversion
factor to determine the TDS. However, while a TDS meter is based on conductivity,
TDS and conductivity are not the same thing (What is TDS?, n.d.).

REFERENCES
What is TDS?. n.d. Retrieved from http://www.tdsmeter.com/what-is on May
08, 2016.
Kemker, C. (2014). Conductivity, Salinity and Total Dissolved Solids.
Fundamentals of Environmental Measurements. Fondriest Environmental. Retrieved
from
http://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/waterquality/conductivity-salinity-tds/ on May 08, 2016.
The Electrical Conductivity of Water. N.d. Retrieved from http://www.smartfertilizer.com/articles/electrical-conductivity on May 08, 2016.

NOTE: ITO YUNG RAW DATA. BALE INALIS KO YUNG MEDYO OUTLIER PARA MAS
MAGANDA YUNG GRAPH. HAHAHA. THANK YOU!
Salini
ty
TDS
Conducti Temperat
(ppt) (ppt)
vity
ure (oC)
0
11.1
20.8
29.4
29.7
9.1
16.7
29.6
29.5666
ave
10.1
18.75
7
3
3.88
7.67
28.8
3.82
7.51
29.2
4.09
8.21
28.2
7.79666
28.7333
Ave
3.93
7
3
5
5.51
11.6
28.8
5.37
10.96
28.7
5.85
11.03
29
Ave
5.576 11.1966
28.8333

667
21.6

Ave
20

ave
30

Ave
35

Ave

7
43.7

21.8
21.7
40.1
37.7
36.6
38.13
333
55.3
52.8
52.4

43.7
43.7
81.4
74.5
75.5
77.1333
3
111.1
105.4
105.1

53.5
62.6
65.5
65.3
64.46
667

107.2
123.6
126.3
130.03
126.643
3

3
28.8
29
28.9
28.9
28.8
29
28.9
28.9
28.7
28.9
28.9
28.8333
3
28.8
29
28.5
28.7666
7