Pengantar Sistem Informasi

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Analisis dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi

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Organisasi sebagai Sebuah Sistem

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Business process and IT resources

Business process: a specific ordering of work activities

across time and place, with a beginning, an end, and clearly

identified inputs and outputs.
Davenport, 1993

Information technology resources: computer

hardware, software, networks, databases

Information system (Motiwalla, 2012)

An information system is a unique
configuration of IT resources and
organizational processes whereby the IT
resources (and the information they provide)
are applied to support specific organizational
processes.

Information system (Motiwalla, 2012)

Processes

INFORMATION
SYSTEMS

IT resources

Example: HRIS

PAYROLL
BENEFITS
RECRUITING
TRAINING

payroll programs;
personnel files; training
videos; health plan
documents; recruiting
presentations; servers
& networks, etc.

Information System

An organized combination of
hardware, software,
communications networks, people,
procedures and data resources that
collects data, transforms it, and
disseminates information.

Information systems components

Hardware: Computer
Equipment

Software: Computer
Programs

Databases: An
organized collections
of facts

Telecommunications:
Electronic
transmission of signals
for communication

People:
Skilled users

Procedures:
Strategies, policies,
methods, and rules

Information System Activities

1. Input of Data Resources
2. Process Data into Information
3. Output of Information

Information System and Value of Information

The value of Information
is directly linked to how
it helps decision makers
achieve their organizations
goals.

An information system is a set of interrelated

components that collect, manipulate, store data and
disseminate information and provide a feedback
mechanism to monitor performance.
.

General Information Systems Diagram

Management
Decisions
(Environment)

Data

Input

Process
Control
Feedback

Output

Information

Data, Information and Knowledge

Data: Raw unorganized facts
Information:
A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have
additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves.
Process:
A set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined
outcome.
Knowledge:
An awareness and understanding of a set of information and
ways that information can be made useful to support a
specific task or reach a decision

IT, IS, and Business Environment

Firm and Business Environment

A firm consists of
interrelated work systems
that operate together to
generate products or
services for external
customers in a business
environment.

The business environment

includes the firm itself and
everything that affects its
success, such as
competitors, suppliers,
regulatory agencies, and
external conditions.

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Information System
n

An information system is an arrangement of people,

data, processes, communications, and information
technology that interact to support and improve
day-to-day operations in a business, as well as
support the problem-solving and decision-making
needs of management and users.

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Information Technology
n

Information technology is a
contemporary term that describes the
combination of computer technology
(hardware and software) with
telecommunications technology (data,
image, and voice networks).

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Different Systems

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Information Systems Actors and Focus

Classification of Actors/Stakeholders
System owners pay for the system to be built and
maintained
System users are the people who actually use the system
to perform or support the work to be completed
System designers are the technical specialists who design
the system to meet the customer requirements
System builders are the technical specialists who construct,
test and deliver the system into operation

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Information System
Perspectives
S
Y
S
T
E
M
A
N
A
L
Y
S
T
S

System
Owners

INFORMATION SYSTEM SCOPE

(purpose and vision; goals and objectives; costs and benefits)

System
INFORMATION SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Users (WHAT the system is and must do independent of technology)

System
Designer

INFORMATION SYSTEM DESIGN

(HOW the system will be implemented using technology)

System
Builders

INFORMATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS

(the actual, technical implementation of the system)
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Information Systems Actors and Focus

Information System Focuses

DATA: the raw material

used to create useful
information

PROCESSES: the
activities that carry out
the mission of the
business

INTERFACES: how the

system interacts with
people and other
systems

GEOGRAPHY: where
the data is captured
and stored; where the
processes happen;
where the interfaces
happen

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Information Systems Use in Organisation

Organization & Environment

People
Process
Structure
coordination
and control
mechanisms

Environment
stakeholders,
competitors,
other influences

investors

regulators

suppliers

INPUTS

partners

customers

OUTPUTS

information systems in organizations

investors
regulators
suppliers

INPUTS

partners
customers

OUTPUTS

information
systems

IT resources

Dukungan SI untuk Manajemen Organisasasi

Sistem informasi
dibuat untuk
menfasilitasi
pengambilan
keputusan
dalam suatu
sistem kerja
dengan baik.

Pada suatu
organisasi
terdapat
tingkatan
manajemen
yang memiliki
jenis dan cara
pengambilan
keputusan
berbeda.

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Oleh sebab itu,

bentuk sistem
informasi yang
diperlukan juga
berbeda untuk
setiap
tingkatan
manajemen.

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Systems Applications in the Organization

Decisions
Unstructured
Strategic

Tactical

Management Levels

Information Systems

Senior
Management

ESS
DSS

Knowledge and
Data Worker

GIS, CAD/CAM,
OAS

Middle
Management

MIS

Lower
Management
Technical
(Operational)
Structured

Functions

TPS

Buy

Make

Sell

Keep
Track

Tingkatan Pengambilan Keputusan

Strategic Decision Making:
menetapkan tujuan jangka
panjang, sumber daya dan
kebijakan organisasi
Management Control:
pengendalian untuk
menilai efisiensi dan
efektivitas penggunaan
sumber daya dan
performansi

Knowledge Level Decision

Making: Evaluasi ide-ide
baru untuk produk, jasa,
bagaimana mengkomunikasikan knowledge baru
dan mendistribusikan
informasi ke seluruh
organisasi
Operational Control:
kepu-tusan tentang
bagaimana tugas
dilaksanakan dan
menetapkan kriteria
penyelesaian dan alokasi
sumber daya

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Jenis Keputusan:
Unstructured Decision:
keputusan yang tidak
rutin dimana manajemen
melakukannya dengan
judgement, proses
evaluasi dan melihat
secara mendalam
permasalahannya.
Umumnya tidak ada
prosedur standard untuk
melakukannya

Structured Decision:
keputusan yang dilakukan
berulang, rutin, dan
memiliki prosedur
standard untuk melakukannya
Semistructured Decision:
keputusan yang hanya
sebagian saja yang
memiliki jawaban yang
jelas yang diperoleh
dengan prosedur
standard

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Penutup
Mengenali bagaimana sistem bisnis beroperasi
merupakan langkah awal dalam penyusunan sistem
informasi untuk sistem kerja tersebut.
Setelah itu mengenali untuk tingkatan manajemen
seperti apa akan memperjelas spesifikasi sistem
informasi yang diperlukan.

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