4.

0 INTRODUCTION DATA ANALYSIS

A total of 40 questionnaires were distributed among the randomly seller and
buyer selected respondents and the tested using the Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 version software in order to key all data, analyze and
formulated the data collection from the respondents via questionnaire. In this
particular research, the researcher will examine the establishment of descriptive
analysis, reliability test, and independent t-test.
4.1 Descriptive Analysis

Table 4.1 GENDER

Cumulative
Frequency
Valid

Missing
Total

Percent

Valid Percent

Percent

MALES

21

51.2

52.5

52.5

FEMALES

19

46.3

47.5

100.0

Total

40

97.6

100.0

2.4

41

100.0

System

In the table 4.1, the Frequency column summarize the total number gender of
respondents. For example, 21 people represent the total of males respondent and 19
people of the respondent will represent the total of females respondent. The percent
column displays this frequency in percentage from all genders. The valid percent
column is the proportion of scores for those genders that are valid. Because the
researcher dont have missing data in the research. The percent and valid percent
column are identical. The cumulative percent column is the summation of the
percentage for that score with the percentage for all lesser scores.

Bar Chart 4.1: The percent of gender of the respondents

This bar chart above shown about the percentage of the gender of the respondent. The
percentage of female is very high compare to the males, where the percentage of
females 46.3% and percentage of males 51.2%.

Table 4.2 KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ONLINE BUSINESS

Frequenc
y
Percent
Valid
FAMILY
7
17.1
FRIENDS 13
31.7
INTERNET13
31.7
EVENT
7
17.1
Total
40
97.6
Missing System 1
2.4
Total
41
100.0

Valid
Percent
17.5
32.5
32.5
17.5
100.0

Cumulative
Percent
17.5
50.0
82.5
100.0

In the table 4.2, the Frequency column summarize the total number of
academic qualification level. For example, 7 people represent the total number of
respondents comes from family, 13 respondents from friends, from internet 13 and the
event is 7. The percent column displays this frequency in percentage from the
knowledge about online business. The valid percent column is the proportion of
scores for those knowledge about online business that are valid. Because the
researcher doesnt have missing data in the research. The percent and valid percent
column are identical. The cumulative percent column is the summation of the
percentage for that score with the percentage for all lesser scores.

Bar Chart 4.2: The percent of knowledge about online business

The bar chart above shown about percentage of the knowledge about online business
of this research. The categories are family, friends, internet and event. The bar chart
shown the highest percentage is friends and internet which is 31.7%, while for the
family and event is 17.1%.

Table 4.3 EDUCATION

Cumulative
Frequency
Valid

CERTIFICATE

Percent

19.5

20.0

20.0

DIPLOMA

13

31.7

32.5

52.5

DEGREE

10

24.4

25.0

77.5

22.0

22.5

100.0

40

97.6

100.0

2.4

41

100.0

Total
Total

Valid Percent

POSTGRADUATE

Missing

Percent

System

In the table 4.3, the Frequency column summarize the total number of
education of the respondent. 8 people represent the total number of respondents from
certificate, 13 respondents from diploma, for degree 10 respondent and the
postgraduate 9. The percent column displays this frequency in percentage from
education level. The valid percent column is the proportion of scores for education
level that are valid. Because the researcher dont have missing data in the research.
The percent and valid percent column are identical. The cumulative percent column is
the summation of the percentage for that score with the percentage for all lesser
scores.

Bar Chart 4.3: The percent of education level of respondents

The bar chart above shown about the percentages of education level of the respondent.
This bar chart shows about 4 categories of certificate, diploma, degree and
postgraduate. The chart shows the total of percentages of the certificate 19.5% then
diploma 31.7%, degree 24.4% and the postgraduate 22.0%.

4.1.2 Description on interval/scale data

Table 4.5 ATTITUDE
N

The buyer is confident

to

use

Minimu

Maximu

Mean

Std.

40

3.00

5.00

4.3900

.70918

40

2.00

5.00

3.9500

.83333

40

2.00

5.00

4.0700

.76877

40

2.00

5.00

3.9000

.87039

40

2.00

5.00

4.0700

.84393

Deviation

online

transaction in buying
the item.
Most people are not
apathy

with

the

information of the item

able
to
manage
finances

more

effectively

and

efficiently
The

customers

are

taking seriously about

the delivery date.
The customers

are

following

well

the

instruction

for

the

transaction activity.
Valid N (listwise)

40

Based on the table above by using descriptive analysis on our perception variables, our
values for 1.00 is for Strongly Disagree and the value for 5.00 is for Strongly Disagree while our
minimum value that we get is the average of 3.00, 2.00, and 5.00 for the maximum. So based on
our mean score which are all above 3.00, we can conclude that all the respondent agrees with our
question on perception.

Table 4.6 Common Issues

N

Minimum

Maximum

Mean

Std.
Deviation

It is easy to gain access

40

2.00

5.00

3.9900

.77192

40

2.00

5.00

4.1800

.83339

40

1.00

5.00

3.6700

.97499

40

2.00

5.00

3.9500

.93609

into the online business

world
The medium for online
business

in

current

situation is enough. (E.g

internet access/ market )
Seller is having enough
assists

from

government.

the
(E.g.

practice/ capital)
The delivering process is
efficient and secure.
Valid N (listwise)

40

Based on the table above by using descriptive analysis on our challenges variables, our values for
1.00 is for Strongly Disagree and the value for 5.00 is for Strongly Disagree while our minimum
value that we get is 2.00 and 1.00 and 5.00 for the maximum. So based on our mean score which
are all above 3.00, we can conclude that all the respondent agree with our question on
challenges.

Table 4.7 Behavioral Intention

Minimum

Maximum

Mean

Std.
Deviation

Business online is fun

40

3.00

5.00

2.8900

.67292

and profitable.
I will suggest online

40

2.00

5.00

3.2800

.74339

has

40

2.00

5.00

2.3700

.88499

I will not use the fake

40

1.00

5.00

2.8500

.84609

business

activity

to

friends.
Online

business

bright future
information

and

bad

technique in marketing
to gain profit.
Valid N (listwise)

40

Based on the table above by using descriptive analysis on our challenges variables, our values
for 1.00 is for Strongly Disagree and the value for 5.00 is for Strongly Disagree while our
minimum value that we get is 3.00, 2.00, 1.00 and 5.00 for the maximum. So based on our mean
score which are all above 3.00, we can conclude that all the respondent agree with our question
on challenges

4.2 RELIABILITY TEST

Table 4.7 Reliability Statistics for Perception

Cronbach's
Alpha

Std.
N of Items

.786

Mean
6

24.2900

Deviation
3.53423

0.7-0.8 is suitable reliability for academic research. However, for management research the
reliability should be 0.8 and above(citation). Referring to table 4.7, Cronbach alpha coefficient is
0.786, therefore the items representing job satisfaction is highly reliable. The reliability for job
satisfaction items is based on 6 items with mean 24.29 and standard deviation of 3.53.

Table 4.8 Reliability Statistics for Challenges

Cronbach's
Alpha

Std.
N of Items

.712

Mean
5

19.6970

Deviation
3.07211

0.7-0.8 is suitable reliability for academic research. However, for management research the
reliability should be 0.8 and above(citation). Referring to table 4.8, Cronbach alpha coefficient is
0.712, therefore the items representing job satisfaction is highly reliable. The reliability for job
satisfaction items is based on 5 items with mean 19.69 and standard deviation of 3.07.

4.3 INFERENCE ANALYSIS

The data was prepared for further analysis, task the item representing perception and challenges,
are summit to present the variable respectively.
Table 4.9 Independent Samples Test for Perception
A

Levene's Test for Equality of

Variances

Sig.

t-test for Equality of Means

Equal variances

Equal variances

assumed

not assumed

4.174
.044

df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference

-.927

-.945

98

97.269

.356

.347

-.65781

-.65781

.70962

.69573

95% Confidence Interval of

Lower

-2.06604

-2.03859

the Difference

Upper

.75042

.72297

Table 4.9 is the independent t-test to test the hypothesis H1: Male and Female Attitude issues in
online business, a independent t-test was run because gender has two categories.
H0: homogeneity of variance
Ha: no homogeneity of variance
Table 4.9 show that levenes test = 4.174 sig= 0.044 (rule of the thumb sig less than 0.05, null
hypothesis is rejected), therefore null hypothesis is not rejected. There is homogeneity of
variance in the data collected. The assumption for independent t test is met/ is assumed.
H0: m = f
Ha: m f
Table 4.9 shows t = -0.927, df = 98, sig = 0.356, null hypothesis is not rejected. Average male A
is not equal to average female A. H1 is supported.

Table 4.10 Independent Samples Test for Challenges

C

Levene's Test for Equality of

Variances

Sig.

t-test for Equality of Means

Equal variances

Equal variances

assumed

not assumed

2.140
.147

df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference

-.461

-.471

97

94.916

.646

.639

-.28671

-.28671

.62157

.60899

95% Confidence Interval of

Lower

-1.52035

-1.49572

the Difference

Upper

.94693

.92230

Table 4.10 is the independent t-test to test the hypothesis H 2: Male and Female common issues on
online business is different, a independent t-test was run because gender has two categories.
H0: homogeneity of variance
Ha: no homogeneity of variance
Table 4.10 show that levenes test = 2.140 sig=0.147 (rule of the thumb sig less than 0.05, null
hypothesis is rejected), therefore null hypothesis is not rejected. There is homogeneity of
variance in the data collected. The assumption for independent t test is met/ is assumed.
H0: m = f
Ha: m f
Table 4.10 shows t = - 0.461, df = 97, sig = 0.646, null hypothesis is not rejected. Average male
C is not equal to average female C. H2 is supported.

Levene's Test for Equality of

Variances

Sig.

t-test for Equality of Means

Equal variances

Equal variances

assumed

not assumed

1.240
.187

df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference

-.341

-.391

87

97.636

.536

.692

-.23479

-.26641

.63327

.67049

95% Confidence Interval of

Lower

-1.63038

-1.45682

the Difference

Upper

.96213

.94830

Table 4.10 is the independent t-test to test the hypothesis H 2: Male and Female behavior on online
business is different, a independent t-test was run because gender has two categories.
H0: homogeneity of variance
Ha: no homogeneity of variance
Table 4.10 show that levenes test = 1.240 sig=0.187 (rule of the thumb sig less than 0.05, null
hypothesis is rejected), therefore null hypothesis is not rejected. There is homogeneity of
variance in the data collected. The assumption for independent t test is met/ is assumed.
H0: m = f
Ha: m f
Table 4.10 shows t = - 0.341, df = 87, sig = 0.536, null hypothesis is not rejected. Average male
B is not equal to average female . H2 is supported.

Table 4.11 is the independent t-test to test the hypothesis H3: the respondents of this research have
a different attitude have different perception on online business, one way ANOVA was run
because attitude has 4 categories.

Table 4.11 Test of Homogeneity of Variances

A
Levene Statistic

df1

2.539

df2
2

Sig.
97

.084

Table 4.11 shows levene statistic = 2.54, df = 2, sig = 0.84. null hypothesis not rejected.
H0: homogeneity of variance
Ha: no homogeneity of variance
Therefore, there no homogeneity of variances.
Table 4.12 ANOVA
A
Sum of Squares
Between Groups

df

Mean Square

221.487

110.743

Within Groups

1015.103

97

10.465

Total

1236.590

99

F
10.582

Sig.
.000

Table 4.12 above shows F = 10.582, df= 2, 97, sig. = 0.000 null hypothesis is rejected.
H0: 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5
Ha: 1 2 3 4 5
Therefore, the average P of at least two different age group are different. H3 is supported.
MLR model
P =a+b(JS)+c(RC)
2 assumption for MLR
1. normality
2. linearity
Table 4.13 is the independent t-test to test the hypothesis H4: the respondents of this research have
a different common issues have different challenges on online business, one way ANOVA was
run because common issues has 4 categories.
Table 4.13 Test of Homogeneity of Variances

C
Levene Statistic

df1

9.507

df2
2

Sig.
96

.000

Table 4.13 shows levene statistic = 9.51, df = 2, sig = 0.000. null hypothesis not rejected.
H0: homogeneity of variance
Ha: no homogeneity of variance
Therefore, there no homogeneity of variances.
Table 4.14 ANOVA
C
Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

Between Groups

126.788

63.394

Within Groups

798.121

96

8.314

Total

924.909

98

F
7.625

Sig.
.001

Table 4.14 above shows F = 7.625, df= 2, 96, sig. = 0.001 null hypothesis is rejected.
H0: 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5
Ha: 1 2 3 4 5
Therefore, the average C of at least two common issues group are different. H4 is supported.
MLR model
C =a+b(JS)+c(RC)
2 assumption for MLR
1. normality
2. Linearit
Table 4.15 is the independent t-test to test the hypothesis H5: the respondents of this research have
a different behavior have different challenges on online business, one way ANOVA was run
because ages has 3 categories.
Table 4.15 Test of Homogeneity of Variances
B
Levene Statistic

df1

df2

Sig.

2.053

97

.134

Table 4.15 shows levene statistic = 2.053, df = 2, sig = 0.134. null hypothesis not rejected.
H0: homogeneity of variance
Ha: no homogeneity of variance
Therefore, there no homogeneity of variances.
Table 4.16 ANOVA
B
Sum of Squares
Between Groups

df

Mean Square

.882

.441

Within Groups

1235.708

97

12.739

Total

1236.590

99

Sig.
.035

.966

Table 4.16 above shows F = 0.035, df= 2, 97, sig. = 0.966 null hypothesis is rejected.
H0: 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5
Ha: 1 2 3 4 5
Therefore, the average B of at least two different behavior group are different. H5 is supported.
MLR model
P =a+b(JS)+c(RC)
2 assumption for MLR
1. normality
2. Linearity