SHAKESPEARE DIGEST

LITERATURE + ART + EDUCATION

May 2016

AMAZING
CONNECTIONS

from the act to the

adaptations

Romeo and Juliet

An in-depth look of the masterpiece.

PLUS
Summary and
timeline of the
whole act!

con t en t s
MAY2016

Onthecover:
Romeoand
JulietbyFrank
BernardDicksee
page7
Plot and subplot detective

Linguist

A y
rts

........ 5

Geek

Historian

........ 8

........ 10

Philosopher

Ps

........ 21

chologist

........ 25

......... 3

PLOT AND SUBPLOT

DETECTIVE

A A

RI

ROB

YO

InActIVofRomeoandJuliet,manyofthecharactersareinvolvedin
subplots.Thesemakeupthebigplotoftheact,whichisJulietsescape
frommariagewithFriarLawrenceshelp.JulietgoestoFriarLawrence
forhelpsinceheistheonlyoneshetrusts.Friarunderstandsthatshe
doesn'twanttogetmarriedtoamanshedoesnotlove;shewould
ratherdiethanbestuckasParisswife.WithJulietsparentsstressing
aboutthewedding,Juliethaslittletimetocomeupwithaplan.Friar
findsasolutionforherthatwouldconfuseeveryonebutfinallyhelpher
bewithhertruelove.Asawfulasitsounds,pretendingtobedeadwould
cancelthewedding.Although,shedidhavedoubtsaboutthepotionand
wasterrifiedofbeingposioned.
ThefirstsubplotoftheActisJulietsapologytoherfather.Afterallthe
disagreementsbetweenthetwoJulietconvincesherfatherthat
disobeyinghimisasin,althoughherintentionsaretheopposite.
Capuletbelievesher,whileshesilentlyplansherwayoutofthe
wedding.Julietshowsherlittleaffectionforherfather,comparedtothe
oneshehasforRomeo.ThesecondoneisbetweenJulietandLady
Capuletwhofinallyseemtogetalong,butJulietsintentionsarefalse
evenifbothofherparentsthinkshedoeswanttogetmarried.Lady
CapuletshowshowmuchshelovesherdaughterwhensheistoldJuliet
isdead;shecriesforheronlychildandweseeanothersideofher.For
onceLadyCapuletforgetsabouttheweddingandthinksabouther
youngdaughter.EvenifJulietisjustasleepthissceneshowshowmuch

peoplecareabouthereveniftheyhavebeenpresuringherconstantly.
ThethirdsubplotisbetweenParisandJuliet.Paristriestotalkabout
Romancewithherbutallshedoesisrejecthislove.Paristellshershe
willsoonbehisbutJulietmakesitclearthatbeforetheweddingshewill
notlovehim.ThisattitudemainlycomesfromherfeelingsforRomeo.
ThelastsubplotisinSceneI,whereParisandFriarLawrencediscuss
themarriage.FriartellshimitstoosoonwhileParisarguesthatitwill
helphergetoverTybaltsdeath.Friarontheotherhandknowsexactly
whythemarriageshouldbesloweddown;forRomeoandJulietssake.
Allthesesubplotsarepuzzlepiecestothebigpuzzle,eachone
betweendifferentcharactersandunique.

LINGUIST
maria camelia urena

RomeoandJulietisaveryrecognizednovel
worldwide.Itwasoneofthemostimportantworks
ofliteratureinthe16thcenturyandhasbeenone
ofthemostimpactingnovels,eveninthepresent
day.Wheneverwelistentosomeonetalkabout
RomeoandJuliet,immediatelywemakealinkto
Shakespeareswayofwriting.William
Shakespeareswritingshelpedcontributetothe
standardizationoftheEnglishlanguage,with
manyShakespeareanwordsandphrases
becomingembeddedintheEnglishlanguage.In
ActIV,wecanseehowthislanguageand
vocabularyisused.somewordsusedby
Shakespearesuchasdirge,slanderandpestilent
haveLatinetymology.Othersmayhaveold
Englishetymologylikeshroudandslack.Haste
hasoldFrenchetymologyandwrithasGermanic
etymology.Someoftheseswordsarecomply
usedintheEnglishlanguage.

Inthetext,wecanseetheuseoffigurative
language.Thesedevicesmightgiveasecond
meaningtowhatisbeingsaid.Forexamplein
page261,line28Deathliesonherlikean
untimelyfrost.Inthisquote,Capuletcompares
Julietsdeathtoanuntimelyfrostwhichsignifies
howunexpectedJulietsdeathwas.Another
exampleoffigurativelanguageisinlines7980
onpage262.Dryupyourtearsandstickyour
rosemarynthisfaircorseRosemaryisasymbol
becauseRosemarywasoftenusedtocoverup
thesmellofdeadbodiesinthattimeandhonour
thememoryofthedead.

WorksCited:
http://www.herbco.com/trosemaryarticle.aspx

Artsy
geek
Isabella Holguin-Veras

Adaptations;agreatmajorityofthemcapturethe
beautyofthenovel,play,storyorarticletheyare
basedon,butsomeofthemdonot.Anyhow,
adaptationsnowadayscomeinallshapesand
sizes:fromplaystomoviesandmusicals!Today,
Iwillbediscussingwithyouthreeadaptationsof
ShakespearesRomeoandJuliet.
ThefirstadaptationIchosewasapaintingtitled
RomeoandJulietsfirstanniversaryBy
MadeleineCarolMatz.InthispaintingJulietsleft
handbearstheweddingbandfromtheirsecret
marriageandherrightisholdingthedaggershe
hadplungedintoherbreast.Ichosethis
adaptationbecauseIfeltthepaininsidethe
canvas.Ifeltthemourningandthetragedywhen
Ifirstsawit.Thispaintingistouchedoffwitha
lonemouse,theironlyguestattheiranniversary
party.

Nowletsdiscussoursecondadaptation:West
SideStory,anawardwinningadaptation
directedbyJeromeRobbinsandRobertWise.
ThefeudingfamiliesbecometwobrawlingNew
YorkCitygangs;theJets,ledbyRiff,andthe
Sharks,ledbyBernardo,bothgangsbattling
forterritoriesintheirneighborhood.Inthis
musicalfilm,Maria,Bernardossister,fallsin
lovewithTony,amemberoftheJets.She
confidesinAnita,whoistheequivalentofFriar
Laurenceinthefilm,aboutherproblemswith
herloveforTony.Thefilmendssomewhatlike
RomeoandJuliet,exceptTonyisshotbya
memberoftheSharksandMariaaccuses
everyoneofhisdeath.
ThethirdandlastadaptationIchoseis
Romeo+JulietDirectedbyBazLuhrmann.
YoucouldsayitsRomeoandJulietwitha
moderntwistbutalthoughitissetinmodern
times,itisstillthetimelessstoryofthestar
crossedlovers.Themovieretainstheplays
originaldialogue,characternamesand
characteristics,exceptforMercutio,whoisa
homosexualinthefilm.

HISTORIAN
EDUARDO FERNANDEZ

TIME
, 1536

July

12

, 1533

April

, 1536 30

May

King Henry VIII

Anne Boleyn

King Henry VIII

divorces Catherine of

another one of

Aragon because she

Henry VIII s

bore no male child to

succeed him as king

, 1536 8

May

The Act of

passed

Seymour with

is

executed due to not

being able to
conceive a successor

to the king

The Ten Articles are

Suppression is

marries Jane

'

numerous wives

, 1536

June

the hopes that

she can bear

passed

which

It placed allproclaimed that sermons

small monasteries

'

under the King s

disposal so that he

were to be preached
against the Roman

Catholic Church

which

controlled the

had denied Henry the

majority of

right to divorce from his

him a male

child

religious

wives

establishments

now

Also

children were to

learn about the scripture

Holy Creed

Ten

Commandments

in

English rather than Latin

in defiance of the papacy

in Rome

Line
15

th to

1537

, 1539

1558

June

17

th century

1558
During the Renaissance
women lose even more of

'

The Bishop s

The Six Articles are

Book is

published as the

The Act of Supremacy

of

1558

is passed

John Knox

doctrine of the

which completely

stating that all

Church of England

abolishes respect for

Christians

Henry VIII proclaims

any ecclesiastical

must honor

that the head of the

authority outside of

the King even

Church of England is

England and was

more than

the King rather than

especially aimed at

they loved

the Pope This

undermining the

their natural

signaled the final

Pope

father

break of the English

people from the

Catholic Church

,power they had, because

Protestant Reformation
writes in

published

what little economic

leader of the

1558

that

'

men increasingly go out of

Woman

in her greatest perfection the home to work in all

male professions thus

was made to serve and

".

obey man

Moreover

The separating home and

,
,

work leaving women

church is extremely

powerful and religious behind working unpaid in

fundamentalism

the home

dominated every aspect ofMerely teaching girls to

life in Britain

Girls continue

to be indoctrinated from

read and write is

considered unnecessary

birth that they were the

and even folly by most

, people. A woman who is

instruments of the devil

who lured men away from

exceptionally

God and into sin

accomplished risks being

'

'.

labeled as mannish

Introduction

Itiseasytoreadaplaylike
RomeoandJulietandenjoyit
solelybasedon
Shakespearescomplete
masteryoftheEnglish
language,butitwouldbea
gravemistaketoignoreits
othermerits,mostnotablythe
wayinwhichtheauthor
relateshisliteraturetothe
societyinwhichhefound
himself.Afterall,French
philosopherLouisGabriel
Ambroiseoncestatedthat
Literatureisanexpressionof
societyjustlikethewordis
theexpressionofahuman
being.Theplayissetin14th
centuryVerona,inItalyand
eventhoughitfocusesonthe
trialsandtribulationsoftwo
familiestheCapuletsand
theMontaguesitalso

incorporatesShakespeares
knowledgeof16thcentury
ElizabethanEnglandinorder
toappealtohisaudience.In
RomeoandJuliet,
Shakespearesatirizessome
ofthemostwidespreadand
influentialmindsetsand
behaviorsinthesocietyhe
livedin.Theseincludedmale
oppressionofwomen,strictly
definedgenderrolesforboth
sexes,andadiscriminating
attitudetowardmembersof
theCatholicchurch.

The Catholic Church in england

Shakespeareaddressesthe
viewstowardtheCatholic
religionwhichweremore
oftenthannotverynegative
intheplaybypresentingthe
readerwiththecharacterof
FriarLaurence,andmakingit
difficulttodeterminewhether
heisaherooravillain.A
peerreviewedpaperwritten
byauthorsfromLongBeach
CityCollegeexplainsthat
Thereligiousmoodin
EnglandwasantiCatholic(in
Shakespearestime)The
EnglishsplitfromCatholicism
hadoccurredonlydecades
beforeElizabethIsriseto
power.Shakespearenotes
thistendencyandsohe
writesinlines9398ofActIV,
Scene1:

FriarLaurence:Takethouthis
vial,beingtheninbed,
Andthisdistilledliquordrink
thouoff;
Whenpresentlythroughall
thyveinsshallrun
Acoldanddrowsyhumor;for
nopulse
Shallkeephisnative
progress,butsurcease;
Nowarmth,nobreath,shall
testifythoulivest;
Julietcomplainsabouther
futureforcedmarriagewith
ParistoFriarLaurence,and
insteadofsuggestingthat
sheopenlyspeakoutagainst
thearrangementorthatshe
justpeacefullycomplieswith
herfamilyswishesand
marriesPariswithout
resistance,hesuggeststhat
shedrinkapotioninorderto

The Catholic Church in england

createtheperceptionthatshe
isdeadforacertainperiodof
timeeventhoughshewas
trulyverymuchalive.
Recognizingthattherewasa
widelyheldstanceof
disapprovaltowardmembers
oftheCatholicChurchinhis
time,Shakespearecreated
FriarLaurenceasamorally
ambiguouscharacter,ashe
appearedkindandgenerous
butsimultaneouslyconcocted
aplanthatwouldresultin
doom.Specifically,allthefriar
wastryingtodowhentelling
Juliettofakedeathwasto
helpherdealwithher
personalproblemofbeing
obligatedbyherfamilyto
marryPariseventhoughshe
wasentirelyagainst
it.However,becauseRomeo

foundherasthoughshewas
deadwhenhecameback
fromMantua,hecommitted
suicidebypoisoninghimself.
Then,whenJulietwokeup
fromthesleepthatwas
causedbythepotionthat
FriarLaurencesuggestedshe
drank,shefoundRomeo
deadandstabbedherself.
FriarLaurencehadindirectly
ledtothedeathofthetwo
maincharactersoftheplay.
Atthesametime,Friar
Laurencewasthecharacter
whohadmarriedRomeoand
Julietattheendofthesecond
actoftheplayandsupported
thedevelopmentoftheir
relationshipwhileallothers
forcefullyrejecteditoropenly
mockedit.

The Catholic Church in england

Thiswastheambiguitythat
Shakespearewantedto
achieveinhismost
controversialcharacterwhen
presentinghimtothe
audience,whichheknewwas
goingtobebiasedagainst
consideringhiminapositive
lightduetohisprofession
andculturalbackground:Was
hetobehonoredasahero
becausehehadtheheartto
promotetruelove?Orwashe
tobeshamedasavillain
becausehisactionsresulted
indeathsthatcouldhave
easilybeenprevented?

Oppression of

Shakespearenotonly
showcasesthemale
oppressionthatwassopopular
inhistimebutalsorespondsto
itwhenheshowsthatinfact
womenwereabletostandup
fortheirbeliefsandexpress
theiroppositiontobeingdenied
basicliberty.
Oneofthemostprevalent
attitudesinEnglandduringthe
Elizabethanerawasthe
inferiorityofwomencompared
tomen.
JeanneGerlachofWest
VirginiaUniversityexplainsthat
women[inRenaissance
England]asthefeminine
representedthefollowing
virtues,whichevenhavetheir
meaninginrelationtothemale:
obedience,silence,sexual
chastity,piety,humility,

omen

constancy,andpatience.
Theseareallrepresentative
oftheviewheldtoward
womenasnecessarily
submissivetomenandthus
lesserinvalue.Ingeneral,
theywereviewedaslittle
morethanslaveswith
practicallynocapabilitiesof
theirownnortherightto
maketheirowndecision.
Shakespeareobservesthis
andtakesitintoaccount
whenJulietstatesinLines
7781ofActIV,Scene1of
theplayO,bidmeleap
ratherthanmarryParis,
Fromoffthebattlementsof
yondertower,Orwalkin
thievishwaysorbidmelurk
whereserpentsare;chain
mewithroaringbearsor
shutmenightlyinachurnel

Oppression of

omen

houseJulietpreferspractically discrimination,sinceshewas
anysituation,nomatterhow
seekingawaytoavoid
horrendousitmaymakeher
marryingParis.
feel,ratherthanmarryingthe
manwhoherparentshave
forceduponhernotonlyasan
obligationbutalsowithout
takingintoaccounthowshe
mightfeelabouttheunion.
Asaresponsetothe
overwhelminglypatriarchal
natureofthesocietyhelivedin,
ShakespearepresentedJuliet
asafemalecharacterwho
vehementlyopposed
oppressionfrommales.He
presentswomennotasthe
compliant,yieldingcharacters
thathisaudiencealways
expectedwhenpresentedwith
awomanonstage,butrather
asafigurewhoactively
engagedinresistancetoward

Male and female gender roles

Moreover,Shakespearealso
demonstratestheextremely
strictlydefinedgenderrolesfor
bothmalesandfemalesin
Englandatthetime,whichhe
humorouslymockswhenhe
hasCapulettemporarily
becomeahousewife.
Forsomehistoricalbackground
onthetopic,accordingto
LeannePettitofCedarCrest
College,whodescribes
Englandduringthe
Renaissance,awomanand
governmentofficerswereboth
toupholdauthority:awomanto
herhusbandandagovernment
officertohisking.Theperfect
husbandmanisthefatherand
masterofthefamilywhose
officeandemploymentarefor
themostpartabroad,or
removedfromthehouse.

Pettitmakesitclearthatthe
menShakespearewas
surroundedbydidntdealwith
theaffairsofthehouseholdbut
ratherwiththeirprofessions
outsideofit.
Thisisrecognizedbythe
playwrightwhowritesinlines
38ofActIV,Scene4:
Capulet:Thesecondcockhath
crowed,
Thecurfewbellhathrung,tis
threeoclock.
Looktothebakedmeats,good
Angelica;
Sparenotforcost.
Nurse:Go,youcotquean
(housewife),go,
Getyoutobed!Faith,youllbe
sicktomorrow
Forthenightswatching.
InordertoprepareforJuliets
wedding,Capuletishelping

Male and female gender roles

outinthekitchenandis
extremelybusywhenmanaging
theotherswhoarehelpingin
ordertohaveeverythingready,
totheverylastdetail,whenthe
weddingcomes.However,the
nursemockshimbytellinghim
tocalmdownandstopworking
andcallinghimahousewife,in
aridiculing,insultingtonerather
thaninaseriousone.
InShakespearessociety,a
malesroleinthehousehold
wasverywelldefinedand
includedmasteryoverothers
andageneralavoidanceof
mundanetaskslikecookingor
preparingforguests.
Shakespearerespondedtothis
perspectivebyportraying
Capulet,themaleheadofa
prominent,powerfulfamilyin
Italy,ascapableofdoingand

evendesiringtotakepartin
moremenialtasksthatwere
reservedforhousewivesduring
histime.Thisinclusionresulted
asunexpectedandprobably
producedahumorousresponse
inhisaudiencebecauseofhow
familiartheywerewiththe
typicalhomeinwhicha
dominatingmalecontrolled
submissivesubordinates.

WorksCited:
Gerlach,Jeanne,RudolphAlmasy,andRebeccaDaniel."RevisitingShakespeare
andGender."VirginiaTechDigitalLibraryandArchives.VirginiaPolytechnic
InstituteandStateUniversity,1996.Web.17May2016.
<http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/oldWILLA/fall96/gerlach.html>.
"HenryVIIIandtheBreakwithRomeTimeline."HistoryontheNet.
HistoryOnTheNet,14Aug.2014.Web.17May2016.
<http://www.historyonthenet.com/chronology/timelinebreakrome.htm>.
Pettit,Leann."ALookatMaleGenderRolesinShakespeares
Renaissance."CedarCrestCollege.CedarCrestCollege.Web.17May2016.
<http://www2.cedarcrest.edu/academic/eng/lfletcher/shrew/lpettit.htm>.
"ShakespeareandtheLegacyofFriarsinEngland."LongBeachCityCollege.
LongBeachCityCollege.Web.17May2016.
<http://www.lbcc.edu/English/documents/Shakespeare.Legacy.pdf>.

PHILOSOPHER
x

Ma

imo beras goico

Quiteliterally,theterm"philosophy"means,"loveofwisdom."Inabroadsense,
philosophyisanactivitypeopleundertakewhentheyseektounderstand
fundamentaltruthsaboutthemselves,theworldinwhichtheylive,andtheir
relationshipstotheworldandtoeachother.
AsthephilosopherofActIV,Ihad4subroles.
First,Ihadtofind3quotesthatIconsidercouldbeproblematicintheact.
Then,Ihadtopresentasolutiontotheproblemthequotemightcause.
Furthermore,Ihadtofind3morequoteswhichsparkedrhetoricalquestionsin
mymind.
Finally,Ihadtopresentallpossibleanswerstothequestions.
Inessence,Iwillexplainhowasmallactioncanaffecttheoveralldevelopment
ofthestory.
KeepinmindthatinthisarticleIwilltrytosummarizeeverythingthatcrossed
INSERTTEXTHERE
mymindafterreadingthisact.Moreover,IwilltrytomakeyouthinkwhatI
thought,seewhatIsaw,feelwhatIfeltwhilereadingthisact,inordertotryto
makeasmuchofanexpertasIam.
First,Iwanttostartmentioningsomethemesthatarepresentintheact.Love
andtreasonaretwoofthemostnotablethemes.Thereisalwayssomemadness
inlove.Butthereisalsoalwayssomereasoninmadness.Loveispresentinthe
wholeplay

butinthisactwecanseehowJulietlovesRomeosomuchthatsheis
willingtoriskherlifetoseehimagain.Withherdrinkingthesleeping
potion,somanythingscangowrong,butshediditanywaysforthe
merepossibilityofseeingherbelovedRomeoagain.
Nowmovingontothe3quotesthatsparkquestionsandthoughts:In
theverybeginningoftheactinline6ofpage253,wecanseethat
ParissaysImmoderatelysheweepsforTybaltsdeath.Immediately
afterreadingthisIaskedmyself,issheactuallycryingbecauseofhe
cousinsdeathorbecauseofthePrincesdecisiontoexileRomeo?I
believethatsheisnotcryingforhercousinsdeath,butbecauseof
Romeosexile.IbelievesobecauseherconnectionwithTybaltwasnt
halfasstrongasherconnectionwithRomeo,shelovesRomeowithall
herheart.Remember,loveiscomposedofasinglesoulinhabitingtwo
bodies.
Inlines89and90ofpage255,theFriarsaystoJulietGohome,give
consenttomarryParis.AfterreadingthisIhadmanyquestions.FirstI
askedmyself,willsheorwillshenottellherparentsthatshewillmarry
Paris?AndthenIasked,butevenifshedoestellherparentsthatshe
willmarryParis,willsheactuallymarryhimorwillshegowithFriar
Lawrencesplan.Again,becauseofJulietsprofoundloveforRomeo,I
stronglybelievethatshewillhappilygiveconsenttomarryParis.
However,IthinkthatshewillnotactuallymarryParis,butthatshewill
carryouttheplanandtakethesleepingpotion.Manythingscango
wrongwiththisplanandshecanevenloseherlife,butIbelievethat
shewilldoittolivefreelywithRomeo.Indreamsandinlovethereare
noimpossibilities.
Gentlenurse,IpraytheeleavemetomyselftonightiswhatJulietsaid
tohernurseinline1and2ofpage257.Thiswassomethingvery

decisivewhatshejustsaid,butIhadonequestioninmymind.Doesshe
wanttobealonebecauseshewilldrinkthecontentsofthevialandcarryout
thefriarsplan,ordoesshewanttobealonebecauseofthestress,anxiety
andanticipationshehasfortomorrow,theweddingday?Again,Ibelievethat
hewilldrinkthecontentofthevial.Whyisthis?Shewanttolivewith
Romeo,shewanttolivefreeofherfatherswishes,shewantstobefreeto
lovewhomevershewants.
Hereare2otherquotewhichIfoundcouldcreateaproblemintheplayand
arespectivesolution:
Come,wellinhere.Tarryforthemourners,andstayfordinneriswhata
musiciansaidwhenParisandtheCapuletsweremourningJulietsdeath.
Thiscouldbeabigproblemsincethemusiciansprobablywerentthereto
helptheCapuletsmourn,buttotakeadvantageoftheirbrokenheartstoeat
anddrink.Theyshouldbethrownoutofthefuneralandletthefamilymourn
inpeace.TheCapuletsshouldremember,giversneedtosetlimits,because
takersrarelydo.
Stay,Tybaltstay!Romeo,Icome,thisdoIdrinktothee.iswhatJulietsaid
toherselfinherbedrightbeforedrinkingthepotion.Thiscouldbehugely
problematicinthestory.Readingtheselines,Ifeltasenseoffear,insteadof
love.Thismeansthatshedrankthecontentsofthevialbecauseoffear,
becauseshewasscaredoflosingRomeoforever.Whenyoudothings
becauseyouarescared,youdontthink.Icouldonlyaskmyself,whatif
somethingwentwrongwiththeplan?Theonlypersonthatcaninform
RomeoaboutJulietsfalsedeathandsaveJulietslifeisFriarLawrence.If
hecarriesouttheplan,everythingwillbefineandJulietandRomeowilllive
happily.However,Ilivemylifebyanidea,peoplelivingdeeplyhavenofear
ofdeath.
NowIwilltalkalittleabouttheplayinabroadersense,thesocialand
politicalproblemsthatarepresentedinit,andwhatcouldbeasolutioninthe

realworld,inthepresent:
Throughouttheplay,speciallyinthisact,wecanseethatduringthatperiod
inEnglandarrangedmarriageswereacommonthing.InJodiOBriens
book,TheEncyclopediaofGenderandSociety:Volume2,heexplainshow
arrangedmarriageswereverycommonupuntilthemiddleofthe18th
century.Hegoesonsayingthatinmostcasesthesemarriageswere
arrangedbyacloserelative,suchastheparentsorthegrandparents.
AccordingtoastudyconductedbyRongPan,insomecountries(suchas
China),thesemarriagesusuallyinvolvednegotiationsbetweentheparents.
TheOrganizationRightsofWomenhasmadesurethatlawsarepassedto
protectwomenfromforcedmarriages.KimGandy,thepresidentofthe
organization,saidthatforcedmarriageisacrime.Theonlysolutiontothisis
topasslawsinallcountriestomakeitillegal,sinceitisinthosedarkcorners
ofthethirdworldcountriesthatthesetypesofmarriagesaremostcommon.

WorksCited:
http://philosophy.fsu.edu/content/view/full/36588
https://books.google.com.do/books?
id=rkIOAQAAMAAJ&q=isbn:9781412909167&dq=isbn:978141290916
7&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y
http://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/blog/lovequotesphilosophers/
http://www.positivityblog.com/index.php/2007/05/11/22inspirational
quotesonfear/
http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?
func=downloadFile&recordOId=1328263&fileOId=1328264
http://rightsofwomen.org.uk/getinformation/familylaw/forced
marriage
law/#The%20criminal%20offence%20of%20forced%20marriage

Eduardo Elias

Psychologist
Intheplay,Romeoand
Juliet,act4servesasa
platformtoanalyzeand
understandindepthmany
oftheplayscharacters.
Thisisduetothefactthat
act4issuchaculminating
pointwithastrong
dilemmawhich
implementsperplexityon
thecharacters.This
causesanexhibitionand
manifestationofthe
characterspersonality
traits.Throughoutthis
articleweregoingtobe
playingtheroleof
psychologiststostudythe
charactersactionsin
ordertomake

conclusionsoftheirtraits.
Adefinitelyindispensable
characterintheactisFriar
Laurencesincehesakey
playerregardingJuliets
supposedlyweddingwith
Parisandbecausehe
helpsJulietavoidsuch
wedding.Themost
importantactionofFriar
Laurenceintheentireact
iswhenhecomesuphis
creativeplanofJuliet
drinkingasleepingpillto
makeeveryonebelieve
shesdead,whichwillof
coursecalloffthewedding
betweenJulietandParis.
Thisactionandactions
fromthebeginningofthe
play,

suchasLaurence
marryingJulietand
Romeosecretly,proves
thathesaverycivic
minded,kind,and
comprehensiveman.The
factthathemarried
RomeotoJulietand
helpedJulietavoidthe
weddingwithParis,
despitethe
consequencesthiscould
havebrought,speaks
loudlyofhisdesireto
helpothers;And,ifyou
thoudearest,Illgive
theeremedy.Getyou
gone,bestrongand
prosperousinthis
resolve.Thesocial
psychologistRobert
Cialdinistated:Empathy
isdirectlytiedinto
feelingsofonenesswith
the

personinneed.This
leadstothespeculation
thatFriarLaurencefeels
connectedsomehowwith
Julietwhichcauseshimto
constantlyaidher.Inone
sideofthecoin,Friar
Laurencedemonstratesto
beoneofthemost
sympatheticcharactersin
theplay,however,the
othersideofthecoinis
thepartwherehe
conductsawedding
secretlybeingconscious
oftherivalryofthefamilies
ofthecouplethathe
marriedwhichcanbe
seenasoutofline.Thisis
whyitcanbeconcluded
thatFriarLaurencehasa
strongwillingofhelping
whichmakeshimbypass
anyconsequenceshecan
foreshadowofhisactions.

Anothercrucialcharacter
inact4isParis,sinceits
arrangedforhimtomarry
Julietthroughouttheact.It
ismanifestedthroughout
scene1thatheactsasif
hesalreadymarriedto
Juliet,Happilymet,my
ladyandmywife!Sowill
ye,Iamsure,thatyoulove
me.Beforegoinginto
depthinanalyzingParis
behavior,itiscrucialfor
yourcomprehensionto
knowwhatsgoingonin
thisscene.Parisiswith
FriarLaurenceathiscell
andthenJulietenters,at
thispointParistreatsher
asiftheyarealready
marriedbyclaimingthat
sheisalreadyherwifeand
thattheyalreadyhavea
mutuallove,Thyfaceis
mine,andthouhast

slanderedit.These
actionsofParis,proves
thathesarrogant,
presumptuous,confident,
andselfish.Asstatedby
clinicalpsychologistDr.
LeisaBailey,arrogance
mainlyconsistsonputting
yourselfhigherthanthe
othersinorderforyouto
feelbetterandshe
thoroughlyexplainsthat
thisrootsininsecurity;
Arrogantpeoplebuild
themselvesupbyputting
othersdowntowin.
Arrogantpeoplefeelgood
aboutthemselvesonly
throughaffirmingtheir
superioritytoothers.
AccordingtoPsychology
Today,thisarrogant
behavior,exhibitedby
Paris,linkstothenarcissist
physiologicaldisorder;

NarcissisticPersonality
Disorderinvolves
arrogantbehavior,a
lackofempathyfor
otherpeople,anda
needforadmirationall
ofwhichmustbe
constituentlyevidenta
workandin
relationships.People
whoarenarcissisticare
frequentlydescribedas
cocky,selfcentered,
manipulative,and
demanding.Thisleads
totheconclusionthat
Parisbehaviorrootsin
insecuritywhichleads
himtohisarrogantand
presumptuoustraits,
becausehemustfeelin
powerofeverysituation
andsuperiortoothersin
ordertofeelsatisfied
withhimself.

Oneoftheclosest
characterstoJuliet,
whichplaysa
fundamentalrole,isthe
nurse.Intheactits
observedthatthenurse
exhibitstobeabsolutely
loyal,caring,andlovely
toJuliet.Shemanifests
thisthroughouther
actionsofservingasan
intermediateofJuliet
andRomeosinceshe
deliversmessagesto
eachother,andshealso
helpsorganizeand
arrangethesecret
wedding;Well,sir,my
mistressisthesweetest
lady.Thefactthatthe
nursebypassedthe
Capuletsordersand
deliveredmessagesto
Romeoisaverystrong
exhibitionofherloyalty

AccordingtoEmory
Bogardus,Loyalty
isoneofthemost
importantproductsof
intersocialstimulation.
Initsessenceitislove.
Thisquotecorroborates
thefactthatthenurses
loyaltyshowsshesvery
appreciativeofJuliet.
Thisleadstothe
predictionthatshewill
remaininJulietsside
alongtheentireplay,
despiteany
circumstances.
Accordingtothe
OptimumPerformance
Institute,Some
BorderlinePersonality
Disordersignsthatare
specifictothe
discouragedpersonality
include:Loyalty,evento

anexcessivedegree.
Therefore,duetothe
nursesloyaltytoJuliet,
herbehaviorand
actionscanbelinkedto
theborderline
personalitydisorder.
Overall,itcanbe
concludedthatthe
nurseisverycaring,
loyal,andappreciative
ofJuliet.
Finally,otheressential
charactersintheactare
LordandLadyCapulet,
whichinact4they
advocateforJuliets
marriagewithParis.In
general,itisconcluded
thatbothLordandLady
Capuletareprotectiveof
theirdaughtersince
theywanttomarryher

withPariswhichthey
believeisthebest
choicetoassureher
daughterswellbeingin
thefuture.Asstatedin
theAnxietySupport
Network,overprotective
parentsthinktheyre
doingthebestfortheir
children,howeverthey
areimplementing
anxietyinsuchchildren;
Theoverprotective
parentisonewhonever
seemstolethisorher
childdoanything,andif
heorsheisallowedto
dosomething,itisonly
donewithcareful
supervisionfromthat
parentandalsoalarge
amountofunnecessary
rules.Oneveryobvious
causeofsocialanxiety

andotheranxiety
disordersisparentswho
areoverprotectiveand
overcontrollingoftheir
children'slives.Theyboth
loveJulietverymuch.Also
LadyCapuletprovestobe
lessimposingonthefact
oftheweddingthanLord
Capulet.
Inconclusion,act4is
usefulinstudyingand
analyzingthecharacters
personalitytraitssince
theiractionsexhibitmany
oftheirattributesand
moralvalues.Thisalso
helpspredictwhich
disordercertaincharacters
mighthave.
WorksCited:
Bailey,Dr.PerspectivesonPsychologicalWellness.9March2012.15May
2016.<http://mariettapsychologist.blogspot.com/2012/03/difference
betweenconfidenceand.html>.
Bogardus,Emory.BrockUniversity.n.d.
<https://brocku.ca/MeadProject/Bogardus/1924/1924_26.html>.
OptimumPerformanceInstitute.n.d.15May2016.
<http://www.optimumperformanceinstitute.com>.
PsychologyToday.n.d.
<https://www.psychologytoday.com/conditions/narcissisticpersonality
disorder>.
Whitbourne,Dr.SusanKrauss.PsychologyToday.28September2010.15
May2016.<https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/fulfillmentany
age/201009/whyandhowdowehelp>.