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INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The first bank of limited liability managed by Indians was Oudh Commercial Bank founded in 1881. Punjab
National Bank was established in 1894 .
Swadeshi movement, which began in 1906, encouraged the formation of a number of commercial banks.
Banking crisis during 1913 -1917 and failure of 588 banks in various States during the decade ended 1949
underlined the need for regulating and controlling commercial banks.
The Banking Companies Act was passed in February1949, which was subsequently amended to read as
Banking regulation Act, 1949.This Act provided the legal framework for regulation of the banking system by
RBI. The largest bank - Imperial Bank of India - was nationalised in 1955 and rechristened as State Bank of
India, followed by formation of its 8 Associate Banks in1959. In present time SBI has 5 Associate Banks.
On January 1, 1963 State Bank of Bikaner was merged with State Bank of Jaipur and a new bank was
State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur. In 2008 State Bank of Saurashtra was merged with SBI and State Bank of
Indore was merged with SBI.
With a view to bring commercial banks into the mainstream of economic development with definite
social obligations and objectives, the Government issued an ordinance on 19 July 1969 acquiring
ownership and control of 14 major banks in the country. Six more commercial banks were nationalized from
15 April 1980.
Meaning of Bank
Bank is a lawful organization, which accepts deposits that can be withdrawn on demand. It also lends
money to individuals and business houses that need it.
Role of Banking
Banks provide funds for business as well as personal needs of individuals. They play a significant role in
the economy of a nation. Let us know about the role of bankingo
o
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It encourages savings habit amongst people and thereby makes funds available for productive use.
It acts as an intermediary between people having surplus money and those requiring money for various
business activities.
It facilitates business transactions through receipts and payments by cheques instead of currency.
It provides loans and advances to businessmen for short term and long-term purposes.
It also facilitates import export transactions.
It helps in national development by providing credit to farmers, small-scale industries and selfemployed people as well as to large business houses which lead to balanced economic development in
the country.
It helps in raising the standard of living of people in general by providing loans for purchase of
consumer durable goods, houses, automobiles, etc.

Types of Banks
There are various types of banks which operate in our country to meet the financial requirements of
different categories of people engaged in agriculture, business, profession, etc. On the basis of functions,
the banking institutions in India may be divided into the following types:
1.

Central Bank (RBI, in India)

2.

Commercial Banks
Public Sector Banks, Private Sector Banks, Foreign Banks

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3.

Development Banks (IFCI, SFCs, SIDBI, NABARD)

4.

Co-operative Banks

State Co-operative Banks

Central Co-operative Banks
Primary Credit Societies
5. Specialized Banks (EXIM Bank)

Central Bank

A bank which is entrusted with the functions of guiding and regulating the banking system of a country is
known as its Central bank. Such a bank does not deal with the general public.
It acts essentially as Governments banker, maintain deposit accounts of all other banks and advances
money to other banks, when needed.
The Central Bank provides guidance to other banks whenever they face any problem.
It is therefore known as the bankers bank. The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of our country.
The Central Bank maintains record of Government revenue and expenditure under various heads.
It also advises the Government on monetary and credit policies and decides on the interest rates for
bank deposits and bank loans.
In addition, foreign exchange rates are also determined by the central bank. Another important function of
the Central Bank is the issuance of currency notes, regulating their circulation in the country by different
methods.
No other bank than the Central Bank can issue currency.

Commercial Banks
Commercial Banks are banking institutions that accept deposits and grant short-term loans, and advances to
their customers. In addition to giving short-term loans, commercial banks also give medium-term and longterm loan to business enterprises. Now-a-days some of the commercial banks are also providing housing
loan on a long-term basis to individuals. There are also many other functions of commercial banks, which are
discussed later in this lesson.
Types of Commercial banks:
Commercial banks are of three types i.e., Public sector banks, Private sector banks and Foreign banks.

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Public Sector Banks:

These are banks where majority stake is held by the Government of India or Reserve Bank of India.
Examples of public sector banks are: State Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Bank of Baroda and Dena
Bank, etc.
Private Sectors Banks:
In case of private sector banks majority of share capital of the bank is held by private individuals. These
banks are registered as companies with limited liability. For example: The Jammu and Kashmir Bank Ltd.,
Bank of Rajasthan Ltd., Development Credit Bank Ltd, Lord Krishna Bank Ltd., Bharat Overseas Bank Ltd.,
Global Trust Bank, Vysya Bank, etc.
Foreign Banks:
These banks are registered and have their headquarters in a foreign country but operate their branches in
our country. Some of the foreign banks operating in our country are Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking
Corporation (HSBC), Citibank, American Express Bank, Standard & Chartered Bank, Grindlays Bank, etc.
The number of foreign banks operating in our country has increased since the financial sector reforms of
1991. According to a report by RBI there are 47 foreign banks branches in India as on March 31, 2013.
Development Banks
Business often requires medium and long-term capital for purchase of machinery and equipment, for using
latest technology, or for expansion and modernization.
Such financial assistance is provided by Development Banks. They also undertake other development
measures like subscribing to the shares and debentures issued by companies, in case of under
subscription of the issue by the public. Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI) and State Financial
Corporations (SFCs) are examples of development banks in India.
Co-operative Banks
People who come together to jointly serve their common interest often form a co-operative society under
the Co-operative Societies Act. When a co-operative society engages itself in banking business it is called a
Co-operative Bank. The society has to obtain a licence from the Reserve Bank of India before starting
banking business. Any co-operative bank as a society has to function under the overall supervision of the
Registrar, Co-operative Societies of the State. As regards banking business, the society must follow the
guidelines set issued by the Reserve Bank of India.
Types of Co-operative Banks
There are three types of co-operative banks operating in our country. They are primary credit societies,
central co-operative banks and state co-operative banks. These banks are organized at three levels, village
or town level, district level and state level.
State Co-operative Banks:
These are the apex (highest level) co-operative banks in all the states of the country. They mobilise funds
and help in its proper channelization among various sectors. The money reaches the individual borrowers
from the state co-operative banks through the central co-operative banks and the primary credit societies.

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Central Co-operative Banks:
These banks operate at the district level having some of the primary credit societies belonging to the same
district as their members. These banks provide loans to their members (i.e., primary credit societies) and
function as a link between the primary credit societies and state co-operative banks.
Primary Credit Societies:
These are formed at the village or town level with borrower and non-borrower members residing in one
locality. The operations of each society are restricted to a small area so that the members know each other
and are able to watch over the activities of all members to prevent frauds.
Specialised Banks
There are some banks, which cater to the requirements and provide overall support for setting up business
in specific areas of activity. EXIM Bank, SIDBI and NABARD are examples of such banks. They engage
themselves in some specific area or activity and thus, are called specialised banks. Let us know about
them.
Export Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank):

EXIM Bank was established in year 1982. If you want to set up a business for exporting products abroad or
importing products from foreign countries for sale in our country, EXIM bank can provide you the required
support and assistance. The bank grants loans to exporters and importers and also provides information
about the international market. It gives guidance about the opportunities for export or import, the risks
involved in it and the competition to be faced, etc.
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI):

SIDBI was established in the year 2 April, 1990. If you want to establish a small-scale business unit or
industry, loan on easy terms can be available through SIDBI. It also finances modernisation of small-scale
industrial units, use of new technology and market activities. The aim and focus of SIDBI is to promote,
finance and develop small-scale industries.
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD):

NABARD was established in the year 12 July, 1982. It is a central or apex institution for financing
agricultural and rural sectors. If a person is engaged in agriculture or other activities like handloom weaving,
fishing, etc. NABARD can provide credit, both short-term and long-term, through regional rural banks. It
provides financial assistance, especially, to co-operative credit, in the field of agriculture, small-scale
industries, cottage and village industries handicrafts and allied economic activities in rural areas.

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Hkkjrh; cSafdax m|ksx

,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe
Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk izcfU/kr lhfer nkf;Ro dk izFke Hkkjrh; cSad vo/k dkef'kZ;y cSad Fkk ftls 1881 esa LFkkfir fd;k x;kA
mlds ckn 1894 esa iatkc us'kuy cSad LFkkfir fd;k x;kA
1906 esa Lons'kh vkanksyu dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA ftlesa dkef'kZ;y cSadksa dks cukus ds fy, izkRs lkfgr
fd;kx;kA
1913&17 ds nkSjku cSafdax eanh vk;h ftlls fd dbZ jkT;ksa esa dbZ rjg ds yxHkx 588 cSad can gks x;s ftl otg ls
1949 ds n'kd esa dkef'kZ;y cSadksa dks fu;aaf=r djus ds fy, dqN jsxqys'ku ,DV dh t:jr iM+hA
cSafdax daiuh ,DV Qjojh 1949 esa ikl gqvk ftls cSasfdax jsxqys'ku ,DV] 1949 ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ;g ,DV
vkjchvkbZ dks cSadksa dks fu;af=r djus ds fy, oS/k tfj;k iznku djrk gSA
foLr`r cSad& ,Eihfj;y cSad vkWQ bf.M;k& ftldk us'kuykbts'ku 1955 esa LVsV cSad vkWQ bf.M;k ds :i esa fd;k x;kA
ftlds 1959 rd 8 lg;ksxh cSad Fks ijUrq orZeku esa blds 5 lg;ksxh cSad gSA 1 tuojh 1963 dks cSad vkWQ chdkusj
dks cSad vkWQ t;iqj esa feyk fn;k x;k ftlls ,d u;k cSad LVsV cSad vkWQ chdkusj vkSj t;iqj cu x;kA
2008 esa LVsV cSad vkWQ LkkSjk"V dks ,lchvkbZ esa feyk fn;k x;kA 2010 esa LVsV cSad vkWQ bankSj dks ,lchvkbZ esa feyk
fn;k x;kA
19 tqykbZ 1969 dks Hkkjr ds 14 cM+s cSadksa dks vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa lkekftd fodkl dh eq[; /kkjk ls tksM+k x;k vkSj
Hkkjr ljdkj ds vkWfMusa'k ds lkFk budk jk"Vh;dj.k dj fn;k x;k ,oa 6 vkSj cSadksa dk 15 viSzy 1980 dks jk"Vh;dj.k
dj fn;k x;kA

cSad dk vFkZ
cSad ,d oS/k laxBu gS tks tek Lohdkj djrk vkSj mls ekax ij okil dj ldrk gSA
;g O;fDr;ksa vkSj O;kikfjd /kkjdksa dks iSlk m/kkj Hkh nsrk gSA

cSafdax dh Hkwfedk
cSad O;fDr;ksa dh O;fDxr t:jrksa ds fy, /ku iznku djrs gSaA ;s ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA pfy,
ge cSad dh Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa irk djrs gSa
;g yksxksa ds chp cpr dks izkRs lkfgr djrk gS vkSj bl rjg mRiknd mi;ksx ds fy, /ku miyC/k djkrk gSA
,sls yksx ftuds ikl vf/k'ks"k gksrk gS rFkk ,sls yksx ftUgsa fofHkUu O;kolkf;d xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, /ku dh vko';drk
gksrh gS muds chp e/;LFk ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA
;g eqnzk ds ctk; psd ds }kjk izkfIr vkSj Hkqxrku ds ek/;e ls O;kikj ysunsu dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA
;g vYidkfyd vkSj fofHkUu mn~ns';ksa ds fy, O;olkf;dksa dks _.k vkSj vfxze iznku djrk gSA
;g vk;kr fu;kZr ysunsu dh lqfo/kk Hkh iznku djrk Gsa

cSadksa ds izdkj
d`f"k] O;kikj] O;olk; esa yxs fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa ds yksxksa dh fokh; t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, gekjs ns'k esa fofHkUu izdkj ds cSad
dk;Z djrs gSaA
dk;ks ds vk/kkj ij] Hkkjr esa cSafdax laLFkkvksa dks fuEu izdkj ls foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS&
1- dsUnzh; cSad Hkkjr esa] vkjchvkbZ
2- okf.kfT;d cSad
(i) lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSad
(ii) futh {ks= ds cSad
(iii) fons'kh cSad

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3- fodkl cSad vkbZ,QlhvkbZ] ,l,Qlh
4- lgdkjh cSad
(i) izkFkfed lgdkjh lfefr
(ii) dsUnzh; lgdkjh cSad
(iii) jkT; lgdkjh cSad
5- fo'ks"khd`r ,fDte cSad] flMch] ukckMZ

dsUnzh; cSad
,slk cSad ftls cSafdax iz.kkyh ds ekxZn'kZd vkSj fofu;eu ds dk;ks dks lkSaik x;k gks dsUnzh; cSad dgk tkrk gS ,sls cSad vke turk
ds lkFk dk;Z ugha djrs gS ;g vfuok;Z :i ls ljdkj ds cSadj ds :i esa] t:jr iM+us ij vU; cSadksa ds vfxzeksa o tek [kkrksa dks
cuk;s j[kus dk dk;Z djrk gSA cSad tc Hkh fdlh leL;k dk lkeuk djrs gSa rks dsUnzh; cSad vU; lHkh cSadksa dks ekxZn'kZu iznku
djrk gSA blfy, bls cSadj ds cSad ds :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad gekjs ns'k dk dsUnzh; cSad gSA dsUnzh; cSad
fofHkUu enksa ds rgr ljdkjh jktLo vkSj O;; dk fjdkWMZ j[krk gS ;g ekSfnzd vkSj _.k uhfr;ksa ij ljdkj dks lykg Hkh nsrk gS
vkSj cSad _.k o cSad tek ds fy, C;kt njksa dks fu/kkZfjr djrk gSA blds vfrfjDr dsUnzh; cSad }kjk fons'kh fofue; njksa dks Hkh
r; fd;k tkrk gSA dsUnzh; cSad ds vU; egRoiw.kZ dk;Z] uksV tkjh djuk] fofHkUu enksa }kjk ns'kksa esa muds lapkyu dks fofu;fer
djuk gSA dsUnzh; cSad ds vykok vU; dksbZ Hkh cSad eqnzk tkjh ugha dj ldrkA

okf.kfT;d ;k O;kikfjd cSad

O;kikfjd cSad ,d fokh; laLFkk gS tks eqk rFkk lk[k esa O;kikj djrh gS] tks u dsoy eqk dks yksxksa ls tek ds :i esa Lohdkj
djrh gS cfYd vko';drk iM+us ij O;kikj m|fe;ksa dks m/kkj Hkh nsrh gS] rFkk blls Hkh vf/kd egRoiw.kZ lk[k l`tu dk dk;Z
djrh gSA

okf.kfT;d cSadksa ds izdkj

okf.kfT;d cSad rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSa&
lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSad % ;s os cSad gksrs gSa ftuesa Hkkjr ljdkj ;k fjtoZ cSad dh eq[; fgLlsnkjh gksrh gSA lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSadksa
ds mnkgj.k gSa& Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad] dkjiksjs'ku cSad] cSad vkWQ cM+kn
S k vkSj nsuk cSad bR;kfn
futh {ks= ds cSad : futh {ks= ds cSadksa ds ekeys esa cSad dh 'ks;j iwth ds cgqer futh O;fDr;ksa }kjk vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gSA
lhfer nkf;Ro ds lkFk daifu;ksa ds :i esa iathd`r gSA
mnkgj.k ds fy, %
vkbZlhvkbZlhvkbZ cSad] ,fDte cSad] QsMjy cSad vkfnA
fons'kh cSad % bu cSadksa ds eq[;ky; fons'kh ns'k esa vkSj budk lapkyu o iathdj.k gekjs ns'k esa gksrk gSA gekjs ns'k esa dqN fons'kh
cSad gSA gkaxdkax vkSj 'ka?kkbZ cSafdax dkjiksjs'ku ,p,lchlh] flVh cSad] vesfjdu ,Dlizs l cSad LVS.MMZ ,aM pkVZMZ cSadA fons'kh
cSadksa dh la[;k 1991 esa gq, fokh; {ks= esa lq/kkj ls c<+h gS Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad dh ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj 31 ekpZ 2013 rd
Hkkjr esa 47 fons'kh cSad 'kk[kk, gSA
fodkl cSad % fodkl cSad fo'ks"k foRrh; laLFkk,a gksrh gS tkss fd e/;e vof/k vkSj nh?kkZof/k foRr iznku djrh gSa vkSj lkFk gh lkFk
vkfFkZd fodkl esa dbZ izdkj dh fodklkRed Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSa tks fd ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, lgk;d gksrh gSaA
lgdkjh cSad % blds vUrxZr ,sls yksx lkFk esa dk;Z djrs ftudk lkekU; fgr lgdkjh lfefr vf/kfu;e ds rgr ,oa lgdkjh
lfefr cukus esa gks] tc dksbZ lgdkjh lfefr cSafdax O;kikj esa layXu gks rks mls lgdkjh cSad dgk tkrk gS bl lfefr dks cSafdax
O;kikj 'kq: djus ls igys Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ls ykblsUl izkIr djuk gksrk gSA dksbZ Hkh ljdkjh cSad lfefr ds :i esa jkT; ds
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa] jftLVkj dh ns[kjs[k ds rgr dk;Z djrk gSA cSafdax O;kikj ds lEcU/k esa Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad }kjk tkjh fd,
x, fu;eksa dk ikyu lfefr }kjk fd;k tk,xkA

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lgdkjh cSad ds izdkj

Hkkjr esa lgdkjh laLFkk,a chloha 'krkCnh dh nsu gSA Hkkjr esa lgdkjh cSadksa dh lajpuk esa rhu Lrj (Three tier) lfEefyr gS &
izkFkfed lgdkjh lfefr;ka % ;g xzkeh.k ;k yksd Lrj ij d`f"k {ks= dh vYidkyhu _.kksa dh vko';drk dh iwfrZ ds fy, xfBr
dh tkrh gSaA xkao ds dksbZ Hkh nl O;fDr feydj ,slh lfefr dh LFkkiuk dj ldrs gSA lkekU;r% ;g d`f"k {ks= ds mRikndh;
dk;ksZ ds fy, ,d o"kZ dh vof/k dk vYidkyhu _.k nsrh gSA orZeku esa ns'k esa 93 gtkj izkFkfed lgdkjh lfefr;ka dk;Z dj
jgh gSaA
dsUnzh; lgdkjh cSad ;k ftyk lgdkjh cSad% Hkkjr esa ;g cSad nks izdkj ds gSa&izFke] ftudh lnL;rk dsoy lgdkjh izkFkfed
lfefr;ksa dks gh fey ldrh gS rFkk f}rh; ftudh lnL;rk izkFkfed lgdkjh lfefr;ksa rFkk O;fDr;ksa nksuksa dks gh fey ldrh
gSA bl cSad }kjk os lHkh dk;Z lEikfnr fd;s tkrs gSa tks ,d O;kikfjd cSad }kjk fd;s tkrs gSaA ;s cSad eq[;r% jkT; lgdkjh
cSad ls _.k ysdj viuh pkyw iawth esa o`f) djrs rFkk izkFkfed lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks _.k nsrs gSaA
jkT; lgdkjh cSad% ;g jkT; dk 'kh"kZ lgdkjh cSad (Apex Co-operative Bank) gksrk gS vkSj jkT; ds eq[;ky; ij LFkkfir
gksrk gSA bldh va'k iwath dsUnzh; ljdkj] jkT; ljdkj ,oa turk }kjk izorZd cSad feydj nh tkrh gSA bl cSad dk eq[; dk;Z
dsUnzh; lgdkjh cSad ;k ftyk lgdkjh cSad dks _.k lqfo/kk,a iznku djuk gSA orZeku esa ns'k esa 28 jkT; lgdkjh cSad dk;Z dj
jgs gSA
fo'ks"khdd`r cSad
dqN ,sls cSad gksrs gSa tks fo'ks"k xfrfof/k;ksa ds {ks= ds O;olk; dh LFkkiuk lEcU/kh lHkh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djrs gSa ,fDte
cSad] flMch] ukckMZ bl rjg ds cSadksa ds mnkgj.k gSA ;s fo'ks"k xfrfof/k;ksa ds {ks= esa layXu gksrs gSaA blfy, bUgsa fo'ks"khd`r cSad
dgk tkrk gS vkSj ;s fodkl fok laLFkku gksrs gSaA vkb, buds ckjs esa tkusaA
Hkkjrh; fu;kZr&vk;kr cSad ,fDte cSad :

Hkkjrh; fu;kZr &vk;kr cSad dh LFkkiuk 1 tuojh 1982 dks dh xbZ FkhA bldh LFkkiuk ls iwoZ vkbZ-Mh- ch-vkbZ- dk vUrjkZ"Vh;
foRr foHkkx] fu;kZr rFkk vk;kr dh foRrh; vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ djrk Fkk vc ,fDte cSd dk mn~ns'; fu;kZrdksa ,oa vk;krdksa
dks foRrh; lgk;rk iznku djuk gSA blds vfrfjDr bls mu lHkh foRrh; laLFkkvksa ds dke dk leUo; djus dk dk;Z Hkh lkSik
x;k] tks oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ds fu;kZr ,oa vk;kr ds fy, foRr tqVkrs gSa] ;g cSad u dsoy Hkkjr vfirq r`rh; fo'o ds ns'kksa ds
fy, Hkh oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa ds fu;kZr ,oa vk;kr ds fy, foRr dk izcU/k djrk gS] fnlEcj 1998 esa cSad dh vf/kd`r iwath 500
djksM+ :i, ls c<+kdj 1000 djksM+ :i, dj nh xbZ rFkk pqdrk iwath o"kZ 2001 esa 550 djksM+ :i, FkhA ,fDte cSad dk iz/kku
dk;kZy; eqEcbZ esa fLFkr gSA
Hkkjrh; y?kq m|ksx fodkl cSad flMch

Hkkjrh; y?kq m|ksx fodkl cSad dh LFkkiuk vizSy 1990 esa dh xbZ Fkh] ;g cSad Hkkjrh; vkS|ksfxd fodkl cSad IDBI ds iw.kZ
LokfeRo esa ,d lgk;d cSad ds :i esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA ;g cSad flMch NksVs iSekus ds m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk] foRr iks"k.k]
fodkl rFkk ,sls dk;ksZ esa layXu vU; laLFkkvksa ds dk;ksZ esa leUo; djus okyh izeq[k foRrh; laLFkk gSA 2 vizSy 1990 ls blus
dk;Z izkjEHk dj fn;k gS] bldk eq[;ky; y[ku esa gS] blds vfrfjDr blds 5 {ks=h; dk;kZy; o 21 'kk[kk dk;kZy; ns'k ds
fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa LFkkfir fd, x, gSaA bl cSad dh LFkkiuk gks tkus ij y?kq {ks= ds m|ksxksa ds fy, tks dk;Z vkbZ-Mh-ch-vkbZ- djrk
Fkk] og lHkh dk;Z bl cSad flMch dks gLrkUrfjr dj fn, x, gSaA cSad y?kq m|ksxksa dks] O;kikfjd cSadksa] lgdkjh rFkk {ks=h;
xzkeh.k cSadksa rFkk jkT; vkSZ|ksfxd foRr fuxeksa ds ek/;e ls lgk;rk iznku djrk gSaA va'k iwath ds vfrfjDr] cSad vius lalk/ku
Hkkjr ljdkj rFkk Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ls _.k ysdj Hkh c<+k ldrk gS] blds lkFk & lkFk ;g Hkkjrh; iawth&cktkj esa rFkk fons'kh
laLFkkvksa ls fons'kh eqnzk esa _.k Hkh ys ldrk gSA flMch }kjk viuh ,dy f[kM+dh lsok (Single Windows Service) ds rgr
Hkkjrh; eqnzk ds lkFk&lkFk fons'kh eqnzk _.k Hkh y?kq m|ksxksa dks miyC/k djk, tk,axsA

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d`f"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl cSad ukckMZ

ifjp; % ukckMZ dks d`f"k] y?kq m|ksx] dqVhj ,oa xzkeks|ksx] gLr f'kYi vkSj vU; xzkeh.k f'kYi dyk ds laoZ/ku vkSj fodkl ds fy,
_.k izokg dh lqfo/kk iznku djus okys ,d 'kh"kZLFk fodkl cSad ds :i esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA bls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vU; lHkh
lac) vkfFkZd xfrfof/k;ksa dk leFkZu] lefUor o lrr xzkeh.k fodkl vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa lqjf{kr le`f) dks c<+kok nsus dk
vf/kdkj izkIr gSA xzkeh.k le`f) ds fy, e/;LFk :i esa viuh Hkwfedk ds fuoZgu esa ukckMZ dk nkf;Ro] xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa _.k
laLFkkvksa dks iqufoZRr iznku djuk gSA bls fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk ds vykok xzkgd cSadksa ds fujh{k.k] fuxjkuh o ewY;kadu vkSj xzkeh.k
{ks=ksa ds ckjs esa laLFkkxr fodkl dks c<+kok nsus dk dk;Z lkSaik x;k gSA
ukckMZ %
xzkeh.k _.k laLFkkvksa ds lapkyu esa ,d leUo;d ds :i esa Hkh dk;Z djrk gSA ljdkj] Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad vkSj vU; laxBuksa dks
xzkeh.k fodkl ls lacaf/kr ekeyksa esa lgk;rk iznku djrk gSA xzkeh.k fodkl ds {ks= esa dke dj jgs cSadksa] lgdkjh laLFkkvksa vkSj
laxBuksa ds fy, izf'k{k.k vkSj vuqla/kku dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA
d`f"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl esa ik= laLFkkvksa dks lg;ksx iznku djus ds vius y{; rd igqpus esa jkT; ljdkjksa dks lgk;rk iznku
djrk gSA
lgdkjh cSadksa vkSj vkjvkjch ds fy, fu;ked ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA

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