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Thoughts on Policing a Free Society: Altering Public Expectations

Thoughts on Policing a Free Society: Rethinking Widely Held Assumptions Regarding Police
Fuction
Thoughts on Policing a Free Society: Our Failure to Concern Ourselves...
Thoughts on Policing a Free Society
Simon Sinek: Why Leaders Eat Last
8 Tips to Keep Your Home Wireless Network Secure From Hackers: a guest post from Wichly
Cazeau

John Boyd's Patterns of Conflict Part 3

Engaging The Community and Making Meaningful and Lasting Change
The Pre-Class Preparation Pyramid By Bruce Ivar Gudmundsson
We All Lose When it's Us Verses Them!
Facilatating The Adaptive Leader Program at The Army ROTC Leadership Conference at Harvard
University
A Break It Down Show Pod Cast: Paying Criminal Not to Commit Crimes or is There Something
More to The Story?
Harvard ROTC Leadership Conference
A Discourse on Policing a Free Society
We Made the Mandatory Reading for the US Army MPs
Patterns of Conflict Pt 2
Hand in Hand Project, a new initiative promoting dialogue and interaction between local police
officers and young people
How May WeRebuild the Bridge Between The People and The Police?
Why Adaptability Trumps Hierarchy?
Military Reform Through Education: From The Straus Military Reform Project, Something We In
Policing Can Learn From
In Building Trust, ActionsSpeak Louder Than Words!
Somewhere Along the Way
Taking It Personally
The Facts of the Case By Bruce Ivar Gudmundsson
J.J. DID TIE BUCKLE Traits I live By
On Fitness: Learn from my weakness, my mistakes, and my bad habits
Dont Do It Alone: Developing a Shared Sense of Destiny Requires Were all on the Same Sheet
of Music
Recommended Reading List From The California Association of Tactical Officers
Values For A New Millennium: A Book That Will Help Bridge the Gap Between People and The
Police
Teaching Adaptabilityand Firearms Training
Simon Sinek: Why Reciprocity Improves Mentor Mentee Relationships
Felix Nader Discusses The Value of Workplace Violence Prevention
Breaking Down Police Work and How To Win at Low Cost: Part 2 Podcast Break It Down Show
Boyd: Adapting Isn't Good Enough
Simon Sinek on the responsibility that leaders have to create environments where people are
more productive,and inspired
The Hunting Story - the meaning of human equality
Ethical Warriors with Jack Hoban
Emotional Intelligence: Re-Thinking Police Community Relations by Mark Bond
Approaching LE with the 'What's important now?' perspective
Staying in control when a suspect is aggressive
10 Overlooked Truths About Taking Action
Warriors vs. Praetorian Guard Which Mindset Fits You Best? By Mike Ox
ITOA News: Articles By John Farnam, Patrick Van Horne, Jeff Chudwin, Don Vandergriff, Yours
Truly and More
The importance of mindset in policing with Chip Huth
A Discussion on Police Work and How to Win At Low Cost, Connecting The People and Police
Gap
Be Passionate, Back Up and Empower Your People, and You Will Get The Culture Right
Why Are Shared Visions So Important?

Technical Skill as a Component of Creativity by Bruce I. Gudmundsson

I Am SpartacusNo I Am Spartacus: Is Your Police Organization United?
The Demand For Autodidacts The Self-Taught in an Age of Shrinking Budgets by Patrick Van

Horne

Its How You Say What You Saw by Patrick Van Horne
The Path of Don Vandergriff: A Discussion On Leadership, Learning organizations and
Adaptability
The Newhall Incident: Failure, Adaptation and SuccessOr Lost Opportunity? Published in the
latest ITOA News
NYPDs New Strategy for Dealing with Stressful Interactions, Absurd or Realistic?
The Mind Can Be Convinced But The Heart Must Be Won
Imagine a Police Culture Where People Wake Up Every Day Inspired to Go to Work
Open Letter to President's Task Force on Policing by Louis Hayes
The Blame Game: Who @#$%ed This Up?
Breaking Down the Stranglehold of Formality
Boyd and Beyond: From Marine Corps University to FBI National Academy Boyd' Ideas are
Expanding
From The Art of Manliness: John Boyds Roll Call: Do You Want to Be Someone or Do
Something?
Pamela Meyer: How to spot a liar
The Case Method Increasing the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Marine Education by Captain
Paul Tremblay Jr USMC
Simon Sinek: If You Don't Understand People, You Don't Understand...
Using Official Histories as Quarries for Case Materials By Bruce I. Gudmundsson
Left of Bang By Patrick Van Horne and Jason Riley
The Most Dangerous Weapon in Law Enforcement by Brian Willis
Sizing Up Situations Is A Skill, We Need To Develop
Change the Culture If I could Only Change One Thing by Don Vandergriff
The Five Learning Disciplines
Using Complete Stories in Decision Forcing Cases by Dr. Bruce I. Gudmundsson
Newhall Shooting: A Tactical Analysis
Tactical Decision Games, Obscure Information and Generating New Ways to Thrive in the
Climate of Chaos and Uncertainty
Calling on Cops in Class: An Anecdote for Developing Character, Confidence and Sound Tactical
Decision Makers
Solving Tactical Dilemmas with Indirect Experience (Education & Training) and White Castle
Cases
Ugly Police Force: Misunderstandings of Law & Human Factors by Lou Hayes
Design and Facilitate, Decision Making Exercises Using The Sandwich Metaphor
Strategic Rifleman: Key to More Moral Warfare by H. John Poole
Developing Teamwork, Leadership Skills and Decision Makers with Role Immersion Games
FBI Report: A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States
The Art of Manliness Discusses...The Tao of Boyd: How to Master the OODA Loop
Courage: The Backbone of Leadership by Gus Lee
A Police Officers thoughts on the Militarization of our police forces.
Cops With War Toys: Militarizing police is the worst way to fight crime.
Just the facts Maam
Adaptive Leadership...Re-Imagine the Way We Lead!
A Milestone in Boydian Theory at the Tactical Level
CASE STUDY: Ferguson Missouri shooting incident and aftermath by Louis Hayes

What is Leadership?
Use of Force Investigations: a Manual for Law Enforcement
Do You Know How to Get Fullfillment?
How Great Leaders Inspire Action
Leaders Eat Last: Why Some Teams Pull Together and Others Don't
Adaptive Leadership Handbook, Reviewed [by Mark Safranski, a.k.a. "zen"]
Have We Not Learned Anything From History? Don Vandergriff's Book Review on American
Spartan
How Do We Inspire Action?
Book Review: Rubicon: The Poetry of War
Book Review: American Spartan
Command Culture: Officer Education in the U.S. Army and the German Armed Forces, 19011940, and the Consequences for WWII
What are the Basics? Developing for Mission Command by Donald E. Vandergriff
IN COMMAND AND OUT OF CONTROL
Adaptive Leadership By Charles Sid Heal and John R. Engbeck
Why good leaders make you feel safe
Guardians vs. Warriors: What it Takes to Win at Low Cost
After Action Review on The Christopher Dorner Incident
Adaptive Leader Program
Crisis Meta-Leadership Lessons From the Boston Marathon Bombings Response: The Ingenuity
of Swarm Intelligence
Outstanding piece! The Myth of Mission Command by Don Vandergriff
Cops or Soldiers?
Situational Assessments: Being Mindful of Whats Important Now!
Convinced or Committed?
Discipline: The Lost Art of Leadership
How Do We Develop Adaptability?
Improve the WorkDevelop the People
Incident Strategy and Tactics: The Baby Diaper Analogy
Adaptive Leaders Develop Strength of Character
How About Some Empathy, Please?
Get Into the Sandbox, Think and Play and Lets Inspire Adaptability
Stoning The Gatekeepers: Is It Not Time Society Attempts To Better Understand Police Use of
Force?
First-Line Supervisors Do The Most Important Training
Why Tactical Decision Games? Because They Challenge The Status Quo & Emphasize Tactical
Options In Developing Courses of Action.
Why Does Understanding The OODA Loop Matter to Cops?
How Do You Develop Strength of Character and Adaptive Leaders?
Adaptive Leadership Handbook: Innovative Ways to Teach and Develop Your People
Dont Fear Failure; Instead Make Failure Your Classroom
In Forging AdaptabilityDistinguish Technical Problems from Adaptive Challenges
The Doctor in SWAT School (and What His Performance Says About Police Culture)
Designing Law Enforcement: Adaptive Strategies for the Complex Environment by John A.
Bertetto
Guest Post: Toward a Police Ethos: Defining Our Values as a Call to Action by John Bertetto
Adaptability is Key in Handling Crisis SituationsBe In Command and Out Of Control
For Meaningful Lasting Results, Get Into the Weedsand Identify Root Causes
Want to get better and be safer? Debrief!

How to Forge Adaptability in Police Leaders and Culture

Adaptive Leadership is Purposeful Learning in Real Time
Book Review: The Practice of Adaptive Leadership: Tools and Tactics for Changing Your
Organization and The World
Growing Leaders Who Practice Mission Command and Win the Peace, Lt. Col. Douglas A. Pryer,
U.S. Army
Achieving Greatness by Giving Control and Creating Leaders
Choosing Adaptability by Gary Gagliardi and The Science of Strategy Institute
The Review of Boyd & Beyond 2013..
Have You Thought About Why You Choose To Lead?
Incident Command: the big picture by Louis Hayes
Understanding the OODA Loop by Derek Stephens
The Cops Amaze Me by Bob Lonsberry
I Am An Optimist. It Does Not Seem Too Much Use Being Anything Else!
Mike Rayburn Asks...What Makes A Good Street Cop?
Fighting the good fight with moral clarity by Lt. Dan Marcou
Are Gated Communities Really Secure?
Top 25 Criminal Justice Blogs We made the list at # 3
Incident Command: the team cohesion aspect of the SitRep
Book Review: Always Picked Last: Conquering the Bullies: A Guide To Finding Your Way in Life
To Continuously Improve We Must Set Boundaries and Expectations
Elite Performance...Takes WORK? Say it ain't so!
Create Your Fantasy Island Organizational Culture by Tracey Richardson
Have You Stopped a Car Today? Improving Patrols Tactical Effectiveness with Vehicle Stops
Incident Command: Communicating the Situation and Location By Louis Hayes
Incident Command: a problem-solving approach By Louis Hayes
SWAT Cop Says American Neighborhoods Are 'Battlefields,' Claims Cops Face Same Dangers
As Soldiers In Afghanistan
Overmilitarization: Why Law Enforcement Needs to Scale Down Its Use of Military Hardware and
Tactics By Evan Bernick
John Boyds Art of War Why our greatest military theorist only made colonel. By William S. Lind
Police militarization and rise of the warrior journalist by Lance Eldridge
Strategic Studies Institute: Cartel Car Bombings in Mexico Authored by Dr. Robert J. Bunker, Mr.
John P. Sullivan
To Strengthen And Preserve Cohesion Your Values...Equal Their Values
Another Must Read Book From Don Vandergriff: "The Path To Victory" Revised Kindle Version
with a new foreword
Safe Streets, Overruled By Heather McDonald of the City Journal
Must Read Book On Leader Development, Updated Kindle Addition: Don Vandergriff's, Raising
The Bar:
Brian Willis Offers Great Info on Defeating...The Enemy Of Innovation
Police militarization and the Ethical Warrior By Jack E. Hoban & Bruce J. Gourlie
A Way To Develop a Toxic Leader: How We as Leaders Create Our Own Monsters
The Guy Behind the Guy, Behind the Guy: A Case for Taking our Roles More Seriously
Flatenning the Decision Cycle in Tactical Units
Tactical Supervision: Coaches and Chessplayers: Guest Post By Louis Hayes
To effectively function in the initial, chaotic stages of a crisis, develop adaptive leaders
FEAR VS COURAGE: IT'S YOUR CHOICE By Danny Cox
Skid Row Terrorist
Col John Boyd: Question and Answer Video

Great Piece on Adaptability by Brian Willis: The Dinosaur versus The Cockroach Training Model
The Psychotic Militarization of Law Enforcement
The Missing Piece of NIMS: Teaching Incident Commanders How to Function in the Edge of
Chaos by Police Chief, Cynthia Renaud
The Human Problem? by Frank Borelli an Officer.com article
From Police One 3 techniques for controlling your brain with Chief Joel F. Shults, Ed.D.
Great Article From Police One with Val Van Brocklin: How to create 'fierce followers' in law
enforcement
Deadly Force: Have We Lost Our Senses? Guest Post by Louis Hayes
Tactical Philosophy 101 A Guest Post by Louis Hayes
Leadership in Unconventional Crises
Unconventional Crises, Unconventional Responses: Reforming Leadership in the Age of
Catastrophic Crises and Hyper complexity
JOHN BOYD WAS A PATRIOT, A MORAL LEADER, AND A BONAFIDE VISIONARY. AND YES,
HE WAS A MAVERICK.
Force Science Research Study: The Influence of Officer Positioning on Movement During a
Threatening Traffic Stop Scenario
Guest Post: Adaptive Decision-Making by Sid Heal
More Better, Ideals, and To Be or To Do: Guest Post by Scott Shipman
Learning Like an Expert: A Guest Post by Marshall Wallace
What Represents a High Level of Professionalism?
This Memorial Day Remember: The Path of The Warrior
School Security: Sharing and Enhancing Best Practices
Guest Post by Michael G. Moore: Boyd's Snowmobile ...or what made Alexander The Great
Coffee Pots and Baseball Bats: Household Items Offer Protection
Learning to Adapt With A Professional Reading Program
Boyd and Beyond 2013
Guest Post by Tyana Daley: Developing Law Enforcement Leaders and Nurturing Smart Thinkers
Somewhere Between Born and Made: Where Good Leaders Come From
Is Today Your Day?
Guest Post by John Demand: You look for the bombwe look for the bomber
What Do OODA Loops Mean to the Street Cop, Wanting To Become World Class Tacticians?
The Psychology of a Boston Marathon Terrorist: 10 Questions for a Retired Marine
Watching Boston Work Together Made Me Proud to Be a Police Officer
What Makes a "World Class" Tactically Proficient Peacekeeper?
Tactical Decision Games to Increase Speed and Maturity of Problem Solving: The Lessons
Learned
The Path to Better Execution in Seeing, Understanding and Solving Complex Problems is a
Learning Organization
A Systemic Concept for Operational Design: a Robust Tool Law Enforcement Should Use in
Preparing for Chaotic Crisis
How shift debriefings can improve officer safety Published at P1
Boyd and Beyond Boston 2013: Balancing Pursuasion and Force in The Moral, Mental and
Physical Dimensions of Conflict
Don Vandergriff, Discusses: Misinterpretation and Confusion: What is Mission Command?
Huddling-Up To Acheive Successful Law Enforcement Outcomes
Building Cohesive Law Enforcement Agencies That Can Decide In Crisis Situations
Mistakes ultimately ended ex-LA cop's rampage
Red Teaming The Workplace Violence Shooter and The "MR. Uncomfortable Factor"
Top 30 Criminal Justice Blogs of 2012 : LESC is Number 5!

Showing Up Is Overrated. Necessary But Not Nearly Sufficient. Can Taking An "Interest" In What
You Do Enhance Performance?
Handling Dynamic Encounters...Go Get Him, Or Set Him Up To Get Him...With An Adaptable
Response
Shift Debriefings: How Can We Be More Deliberate, More Disciplined, and More Thorough in our
Approach to Learning?
AOW Card Deck Lesson 6: Provoke Your Adversarys Reaction
Does Mass Violence Unfold Randomly and Chaotic or is There Hidden Order We Can Leverage
in Our Prevention Efforts?
Police One Column: 13 questions to answer in 2013: What has 2012 taught you about officer
safety and effectiveness?
Take Small Steps, Towards, Lifelong Learning In 2013
Positive Adaptive Leadership...Tools and Tips and Critical Questions To Explore in 2013 Inspired
by Many Of Those I Follow
AOW Card Deck Lesson 5: Sheath Your Sword
AOW Card Deck Lesson 4: Score A Small Victory Along The Way
In Mastering Tactics Shouldnt We Be Blending Policy and Procedures with People and Ideas?
Ready, Aim, Ready?
IMPLEMENTATION (OODA LOOP OR BOYDS CYCLE) by Sid Heal
AOW Card Deck Lesson 3: Engage Your Adversary From Many Directions
AOW Card Deck Lesson 2: Lure The Tiger Out Of The Mountain
AOW Card Deck Lesson 1: Catch Your Adversary Sleeping
The Art of War: Sun Tzu Strategy Card DeckSimple, Yet, Great Tool for Developing Strategic
and Tactical Mindset
"Certain mencome to be accepted guardians and transmitters, instructors, of established
doctrines...
On Vision
Book Review: The Rite of Return: Coming Back From Duty Induced PTSD
Restoring the Wounded Spirit
Deciding Under Pressureand Fast: You Need to Understand the Concept of Coup doeil
How Do Adaptive Leaders Think?
Capt Evan Bradley on Boyd, Adaptability and Understanding the Bigger Picture in Conflict
Captain Lindsay Rodman On Boyd and Taking Ownership of What You Do!
William McNulty-Team Rubicon: Boyd, Applied to Disaster Response
Heroes Behind the Badge
Chet Richards On Boyd...Is Your Orientation, Matched to Reality?
Col GI Wilson on Boyd, Bureaucracy, Insight, Imagination, Intent and Implementation
What hath Boyd wrought? With Remarks
John Boyd, Conceptual Spiral, and the meaning of life
Boyd and Beyond 2012, Quantico, VA a quickie recap by Scott Shipman
Finished Gung Ho! The Corps Most Progressive Tradition
Dangerous Minds The Relationship between Beliefs, Behaviors, and Tactics
Guest Post: Super Cops - Can we create them??? Yes you can!
"The importance of a proper command system...
"Leaders gain confidence and become more tactically and technically proficient...
Help staff practice thinking on their feet to prepare for emergencies
More On, Gung Ho! Out of Seeming Defeat May Have Sprung Great Potential
Latest P1 Column: The anatomy of victory (part two): Victory at minimal cost
Chapter 1 Review of "Gung Ho! The Corps' Most Progressive Tradition
The anatomy of victory (part one): What does it take to win?

Proper Police Action Requires...What?

P1 Column: Patterns of behavior, officer safety, and 'the rule of opposites'
Be agile and win:
Why Boyd is Agile
Destruction & Creation: Are You Locked on One Way of Thinking or Are You Adaptable,
Approaching Tactical Dilemmas?
Book Review: Deadly Force: Firearms and American Law Enforcement, from the Wild West to the
Streets of Today
The power of a handshake!
Winning at Low Cost: No better friend, no better role model, no better diplomat and, no worse
enemy
"The most efficient way to get the behavior you're looking for is to find positive deviants and...
Book Review: Police Instructor: Deliver Dynamic Presentations, Create Engaging Slides &
Increase Active Learning
"Organizations by their very nature involves a series of balances...
"Of every 100 men you send to fight, 10 shouldn't even be there. Eighty are...
Column at Police One: Mental toughness and the power to adapt
Mental Attitude Can Be Negative or Positive
The Anatomy of Victory: What Does It Take To "Win"at Low Cost?
"They can't understand why their parent organizations didn't better prepare them...
Counter-Ambush Tactics: Thinking Tactically and Doing What You Know How To Do On The
Street
Train To Make a Difference! A Decrease in Officer Fatalities in 1st Quarter of 2012
"They prefer to achieve their results by...
Part 2: Train the brain: Using decision making critiques to leverage lessons learned: Published at
Police One
"Wild animals are taken by scouting, by nets, by lying in wait, by stalking...
"If one has never personally experience war...
Chet Richards On: Boyd's Really Real OODA Loop
Destruction and Creation
A Video Biography of COL John Boyd
Book Review: Imagine: How Creativity Works by Jonah Lehrer
Book Review: Thinking Fast and Slow By Daniel Kahneman
Train the brain: Using tactical decision games in training Published at POLICE ONE
OODA Loops: The Explorer Mentality...And Recognizing Patterns of Behavior
OODA Loop & Human Reaction Time
The Leaders Ultimate Reward: 'I saw Someone Grow today, and I Helped'
Where Have All the Warriors Gone? A Spot On Article, Every Cop Should Read
Should Street Cops, Break Routines...and Think?
Broken Windows...A Powerful Strategy, When Applied Robustly
Lessons from SWAT the Street Cop Can Use on The Three Speeds of Operations
Law enforcement interaction with the dangerously mentally ill
Tip: Have an 'exit' strategy on vehicle stops
What Those We Train Say About Us
Mastering Tactics with Decision Making Exercises and Critiques
The OODA loop, reaction time, and decision making
Leaders share the faith...and promote heretics
COL John Boyd: Building Snowmobiles and a Fine-tuned Situational Awareness
Mindset and Winning is About Much More than Words, Isn't It?
Interacting Tactfully and Tactically: Is This a Strategy, Law Enforcement Can Use?

Emotion verses Strategy: Which Helps You Gain the Position of Advantage?
"It Never Happens Here" So WHY Do We Train?
Think 'FAST': A mnemonic to help keep you safe, by John Demand
PoliceOne.Com Published: Are you prepared to adapt and win on the street?
Understanding and Developing Adaptive Leadership During Pre-commissioning
Book Review: If I Knew Then 2: Warrior Reflections
A VISION AND THE MISSION FOR: THE FUTURE LAW ENFORCEMENT LEARNING
ORGANIZATION
Police Leaders as Educators and Trainers...Inspiring Cops to More Effective and Safe Policing
You've Got To Have an Ace in the Hole. Are You Prepared to Adapt and Win on the Street?
What has 2011 Taught You About Officer Safety and Effectiveness?
Police One, column 'Staying Oriented' article #1: 'Red Teaming' the cop killer
Mental Toughness and The Competitive Nature of Conflict
Police Militarization, Professionalism, and the Balance of Persuasion and Force
Mental Toughness and...The Power to Adapt
Mental Toughness: Optimistic Enthusiasm as a Form of Realism
Preparing for Crisis with Tactical Decision Games, After Action Reviews and Critical Question
Mapping
Great Recap of Boyd and Beyond 2011 By Scott Shipman
Global Warrior Averting WWIII, John Poole's Latest Strategic and Tactical Insights to Protecting
the Homeland
Brain plasticity: A whole new idea for cops
Boyd & Beyond is on for 14 & 15 October at Quantico.
"SWARMING TACTICS" Published in the California Association of Tactical Officers official
publication CATO NEWS
Documentary: Massacre at Virginia Tech
Book Review: TEMPO Timing, Tactics and Strategy in Narrative Driven Decision Making by
Venkatesh Rao
Fine Art, Fine Tuning Situation Awareness and Training Cops to See
15 Meters/11Seconds By C Flaherty and AR Green
Too Focused? You Might Miss Something Important
Dangerous Body Language: Digging Beyond What You See!
Swarming & The Future of Conflict by John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt
Swarming Tactics by Sid Heal
More On Swarming Tactics...An Option For Law Enforcement
Dangerous Body Language: Detecting Deception and Danger
Cops Line of Duty Deaths Rising in 2011 "APPLYING"Lessons Learned
Cops, Security, Citizens Need to Be Aware: Does the Climate & Environment Shift in the Wake of
bin Laden's Death?
Progress, Interrupt and Neutralize (P.I.N.) Swarming Techniques For The Tactician
Should We Be Thinking Like the Bad Guys?
Meet Officers Lewis and Clark-Exploring Situational Awareness
Dangerous Body Language,The Boyd Cycle and Winning on the Street
Dangerous Body Language: A Thousand Words...None Spoken! The Nose, Mouth and Lips
The 10% of Mindset
The 3 P's in Extreme Close Quarters Training: Pre-Assault Indicators, Precognitive Programming
and Proximity
Tactical IQ: Using "SURPRISE" to Set the Tempo of Confrontation.
Tactical IQ: "FRICTION" Why is the Simplest Thing, So Difficult?
Dangerous Body Language: A Thousand Words...None Spoken! Darting Eyes

Operation Bold Strike: Follow Me Training Support Package

Follow Me!!! Creating and Nurturing Tactical Decision Makers With Combat Tested Methodologies
Training the Whole Circle: Blending Boyd's Cycle and Cooper's Color Codes
Dangerous Body Language: A Thousand Words...None Spoken! "Gaze Avoidance"
From OODA to AAADA A cycle for surviving violent police encounters
Dangerous Body Language: A Thousand Words...None Spoken! The Thousand Yard Stare
Baltimore Police Sergeants Training Using Adaptive Leadership Methodology with Don
Vandergriff's AAR
Achieving Outcomes on the Street with Integrity, Building Loyalty and Mutual Trust
Intersecting Ideas from Cross Disciplines...and Taking Boyd's Theories Beyond
Tactical IQ: Developing "Fingertip Feel" Shaping and Reshaping Dynamic Encounters To Gain the
Advantage
Reducing Law Enforcement Misfortunes...What About the Street Officer?
Can technology suck your brain dry?
Organizational Culture: Is Yours Congruent with What You Do?
Fighting Complacency Reminder: Nothing We Do is Routine, NOTHING!!!
Street Level Red Teaming: The Cop Killer
Street Level Red Teaming: Assessing The Situation From the Adversarial Point of View
Take A.I.M. and Prepare To Win Dynamic Encounters
Don't Charge Police for Mistakes
What is a Threat?
Benefits of Conditioning Our Decision Making...The Boyd Cycle
Superior Situational Awareness and Decision Making...Attributes And Skills of Full Spectrum
Officers
Earning "The Right to Lead" With Character and Courage
JUSTIFIED: Are You Serious? The Balancing Act of Persuasion, and Reasonable Force
Adaptive Leader Methodology: An Alternative for Better Outcomes
When Do We Teach the Basics?
Evolving Threats Small Arms and Small Unit Swarming Tactics as Tools of Terror...Are We Up To
the Challenge?
Positive Leadership: Invest in People Building a Culture of Innovation
Harnessing The Street Cops Wisdom: Taking Whole of Conflict...And Effective Full Spectrum
Responses
Beyond Active Response: An Operational Concept for Police Counterterrorism Response
The Badge: Much More Than a Piece of Medal
Wellbeing Check to Knife Attack: Anticipation-The Double Edged Sword and its Affect on Winning
and Losing, Up Close and Personal
Tactical IQ: Fast Transients Maneuvers and Manipulating the Tempo of Conflict
Leadership By Wandering Around!
Defeat into Victory: Battling a Tough Climate with Faith, Perseverance and Lessons Learned
Evolving Threats and the Fourth Generation Warfare Problem Here at Home
We were ready, they weren't...40 + Years after Newhall, Are We Applying Lessons Learned?
When Violence Prevention Fails, Planning Must Enhance Strategy
After Action Review: Is It a Tool Used to Learn and Become More Effective or a Tool Used to
Punish?
Maintaining Mental Calmness and Not Losing Our Cool
Evolution of Strategy and Tactics to Ongoing Deadly Action "Active Shootings" and Operational
Art
Tactical IQ: Interaction, Insight and Imagination, and Initiative...The Building Blocks of Police
Operational Art

Coffee and Conversation: Is "Officer Friendly" a Factor to Consider in Engagements with Our
Adversary?
"Sharpening Our Orientation" and Reducing Officers Killed in the Line of Duty
Coffee and Conversation: Police Make Mistakes But Seldom Admit Them! What's Reasonable?
The Tactical Decision Maker: The Devil's Definitely in the Details
"Self Awareness" The Forgotten Attribute of Decision Making
Coffee and Conversation: Issues that Affect Law Enforcement and Security: Walking our Talk to
Officer Safety
Coffee and Conversation: Issues that Affect Law Enforcement and Security: The Inevitable
Failure of Suburbia?
Officer Created Jeopardy: Reduce it with a Strategic and Tactical Mind
Law Enforcement and the Utility of Force...Why Cops Can't Shoot Like the Lone Ranger?
Tactics: Applying Methods to Madness
Dealing with Conflict, Violence and Crises: by Fred Leland

Full Spectrum Response Discussion Topics

Active Shooter
Adaptability
Adaptive
Adaptive Leadership
Aftermath of Violence
An Enlightened Soldier
Art of War Card Deck Lessons
associations
Attributes and Attitude
awards
Behavioral Profiling
Blue on Blue Shootings
Body Language
Books
Boston Strong
Break It Down Show
Brian Willis
Bullying
Case Study Method
Chet Richards
Clients
COL John Boyd
Collaborative Efforts
Combat Poetry
Combat Stress
Community Policing
Concept Glossary
Connecting The People and Police Gap
Continuous Improvement
Coup d'oeil
Courage
Creativity
Crime Prevention
Criminal Patrol

Crowds and Riots

Cultural Change
Danny Cox
Dealing with The Emotionally Disturbed
Decision Making
Decision Making Critiques
Disaster Response
Domestic Violence
Driving and Decision Making
Drug Cartels
Dual Life Value
Education
Element of Surprise
emergency management
Emotional Intellegence
Ethical Warriors
Ethos
Evolving Threats
Explorer Mentality
Fair and Impartial Policing
FBI
Force Science
Fourth Generation Warfare
Frank Borelli
Fred Leland
Friction in Decision Making
Full Spectrum Policing
G I Wilson
Gary Gagliardi
General Paul van Riper
Guest Post
Holiday Message
Homeland Security
HSTV
Hybrid Conflcit
Implementing Community Policing Robustly
Innovation
Inspiration
IT Security
ITOA News
Jack Hoban
John Bertetto
John Demand
John Farnam
John Poole
John Sullivan
Jorg Muth
Kevin Kearns
Lance Eldridge

Law Enforcement
Law Enforcement Vision and Mission
Leader Development
Leadership
Lean Thinking
Learning Organizations
Lessons Learned
Louis Hayes
LT Dan Marcou
MAJ Don Vandergriff
Mark Safranski
Marshall Wallace
Mental Toughness
Mentoring
Michael Moore
Mission Command
Motivation
Night Vision
Officer Involved Shootings
Officer Safety
Ongoing Deadly Action
OODA
OODA Loop
Outcomes Based Training and Education
partners
Patrick Van Horne
Patterns Of Conflict
Peacekeeping Fred Leland
Philosophy
Police Militarization and Professionalism
Police One
Policing a free Society
Positive Change
Problem Oriented Policing
Procedural Justice
Program of Instruction
Protector
Published Articles
Quotes to think about
Robert Humphrey
Safe Schools and Campus
Safety Gear
School Shootings
Scott Shipman
Sid Heal
Simon Sinek
staff
Stan Coerr
Staying Oriented

Stop and Frisk

Strategic and Tactical Mindset
Strategic Game of Interaction
Strategic Studies Institute
Street Level Red Teaming
Strength of Character
Suicide Bombings
Sun Tzu the Art of War
Superior Situational Awareness
Swarming Tactics
Tactical Communications
Tactical Decision Games
Tactical Science
Tactics
Terrorism
Terry Barnhart
The Case Method
The Case Method. Tactical Decision Games
The Fallen Project
Threat Assessment
Training
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Home Coffee & Conversations - Dialog on Issues related to Law Enforcement and Security

Guest Post: Toward a Police Ethos: Defining Our Values as a

Call to Action by John Bertetto
Submitted by Fred on Mon, 12/02/2013 - 9:53pm.

Attributes and Attitude

Ethos

Guest Post

John Bertetto

Leader Development

Policing and the Community in the 21st Century

The last two decades have seen the rise in numerous, so-called alternate policing strategies (Kelling &
Coles, 1997). Developed primarily in the classroom, these strategies include titles such as Community
Policing, Broken Windows Policing, Third Party Policing, and Pulling Levers Policing, among others

(Weisburd &Braga, 2006). At their core, these strategies share two primary purposes. First, they aim at
the reduction of crime and disorder through a concerted reconnection and partnership with various civic
organizations. Second, they are a subtle backlash at the dominant Professional Policing Model espoused
and followed by most police departments in the preceding decades (Kelling & Coles, 1997).
Despite the shortcomings of each of these strategies, the aforementioned two purposes are valid points.
History shows that the un-policed model of Professional Policing inevitably ends in failure (Blue Ribbon
Rampart Review Panel, 2006; Weisburd & Braga, 2006). The shockwaves from these failures are
damaging to both the organization and the community and can take decades to dissipate.
The fact that these strategies have come from academia, however, has created another criticismthis
one coming from within police departments. The belief is that it takes an officers understanding of the
street and the police culture to formulate policing strategies that are both safe and effective.
Consequently, these new strategies find as their harshest critics the officers who are expected to execute
them. This is a lose-lose-lose scenario. Academics and policy strategists lose out on an honest evaluation
of alternative policing strategies; police lose out on the opportunity to find new solutions to existing
problems; and the community loses the chance to see real and effective improvements in crime and
safety.
As policing continues into the 21st century, the police officer must change as well. Technological
advances require officers to be both intelligent and adaptive to change. The previously mentioned policing
strategies require officers to expand upon their traditional role as law enforcement agents and include the
roles of social worker and problem solver. These expanded duties increase the knowledge requirements
for police officers. As new technology and new policing strategies evolve into the future, this requirement
can only be expected to grow as well.
It is here, then, that a new need arises. Crime continues to grow and invade the safety of the community.
As we develop officers capacity for social awareness, community relationship building, and problem
solving, we must also continue to prepare and develop their capacity to face the rigorous challenges and
dangers of law enforcement. We must create a true ethos.
Ethos Defined
Ethos is defined as the character or values peculiar to a specific person, people, culture, or movement
(Buckingham, 1999, p. 4). A culture is derived from the ethos a person or group develops over time. What
this definition is lacking, however, is a clear description of what those character traits or values are. It is
incumbent on us, then, to clearly define our values as police. In doing so, we not only better understand
who we are, but who we want to be. Most importantly, we can use this understanding to create a clear
Police Ethos. The Police Ethos not only becomes a clear description of who we are, but it provides a clear
set of values we can pass on to the next generation of officers. Though strategies may change, and
administrations may come and go, our Police Ethos will never change. It has the ability to weather change
and is rock solid, becoming the Gibraltar of what it means to be a police officer.
Change and the Police Ethos
As changes are made to the strategies that police officers use, and as technological changes and shifts
in social thinking occur, it may be asked whether a Police Ethos is needed. Is the notion of a Police Ethos
archaic and negated by these changes? The answer is clearly No.
Changing strategies in no way affect the police officers fundamental role of law enforcement. As long as
crime is committed, officers will still need to patrol the streets, respond to calls for service, and apprehend
offenders. Additional roles may be added to the duties of the officer, but the requirement to locate and
apprehend offenders will remain.

Second, advances in technology neither demand nor warrant the absence of a defined Police Ethos.
Technology plays no role in the value set of police culture. Furthermore, though technology may assist the
police officer in the performance of the officers duties, it cannot make the critical and ethical decisions
that officers must make during the performance of their duties. Though technology may help identify and
record criminal activity, apprehension must still be performed by officers placing offenders into custody.
Finally, sociological and psychological examination of the factors which may influence or cause criminal
activity in no way affects officers engaged in the performance of their law enforcement duties. Police
officers are not responsible, ultimately, for the alleviation of social ills. Officers most often deal with the
terminal results of these ills. As debate continues regarding the social causes of crime, crime itself still
exists. Officers will still be required to be on the street confronting and securing offenders. Changes in
social theory do not affect this, and, thus, do not alleviate the need for a defined Police Ethos.
Distinctive Traits
In his study entitled The Warrior Ethos, Major David W. Buckingham (1999) endeavored to identify and
isolate what he termed warrior distinctives (p. 20). Buckingham defined these distinctives as a facet of
character or a value that research repeatedly demonstrates as necessary for combat effectiveness but
that is distinctive from civilian society. He identified five traits:
1. Discipline
2. Cohesion
3. Sacrifice
4. Strength
5. Authority
Though the purpose of Major Buckinghams research was to identify traits distinctive to the military and
its Warrior Ethos, the traits he describes are not unique to military application. Rather, these traits are
equally valuable for policing and should be given further consideration.
Discipline
Discipline is defined as controlled behavior resulting from training and a state of order based on
submission to rules and authority (Buckingham, 1999, p. 21). Typically, a behavior is a learned response.
In the case of both this definition and policing, this behavior is not only the result of training, but the
individual retains full control of their behavior as a result of the training. The work of the police officer is
governed by both law and by department regulations, and the officer utilizes the authority granted by
these to maintain order of both the officer him- or herself and the community.
Discipline is both an individual as well as a group trait. The officer who maintains personal physical fitness
and who visits the firing range using personal time displays the type of controlled behavior that defines
individual discipline. The commander who ensures that officers are adequately trained and equipped, and
who ensures that officers are performing their duties in accordance with established regulations, creates
and maintains the type of controlled behavior that defines group discipline.
Discipline exists in other professions and activities, but the type of discipline required and exhibited by
police officers is distinctive. Unlike other professions, police officers are never off-duty. The training
requirements to become a police officer, and the resultant controlled behavior, are much more rigorous
than almost any other civilian job. Officers are held to a higher standard for their conduct both on- and off-

duty. It is the strict adherence to training that best protects the police officer from attack and injury. The
discipline needed for the police officer at both the individual and team level is unique.
Cohesion
Cohesion has two meanings: it is both the process of two or more elements cohering, and it is the end
result of two or more elements that are held together. For police officers, both of these meanings should
be understood and their actualization strived for. What are the forces that create cohesion? In the end, it
is the shared hardship that pulls police togetherthe shared hardship of training, the shared hardship of
duty, and the shared hardship of service. It is the often unspoken shared familiarity of standing in the rain
or snow, or running down a dark alley. Sometimes, it is the shared hardship of loss. While it may be
reflexive to seek to alleviate hardship, it should be understood that it is the very thing that drives cohesion.
Shared hardship forges bonds between individuals, the strength of which are determined by the degree of
severity. While it is not the goal of leaders to create artificial hardships to attempt to create cohesion, a
plan that ultimately does not work (Buchholz & Roth, 1987), the mutual trust between those who have
shared hardships is not easily shaken.
As well as a process, cohesion is a state of being. Units that have cohesion actively strive to work
together. They intuitively understand that their strength is in their combined efforts, and they give to one
another selflessly. Their mutual trust guarantees that their efforts will not go unrewarded.
While it has been en vogue for some time in the civilian world to participate in team building excursions
as an attempt to create cohesion, none of these efforts will match the cohesive possibilities of police
officers. Police work is distinctive primarily because of the danger to life that the work entails. As the
potential for injury or death grows, so grows the potential for cohesion. It is this reason why so many
civilian attempts to create cohesion failthere is no real danger to any of the participants.
Sacrifice
For police officers, the job itself entails many sacrifices unknown in civilian vocations. The officers
willingness to sacrifice their own personal desires for the sake of the community is a cornerstone of the
Police Ethos. Police officers sacrifice time with their families, working around the clock as well as on
holidays, as a result of their profession. Police officers also know that their service may require the
ultimate sacrificetheir lives.
There is sacrifice within the organizational design of policing. By virtue of the rank structure inherent to
police departments, officers sacrifice a degree of personal autonomy, willfully taking direction and orders
from those of higher rank. Personal freedom is also sacrificed by the adherence to uniform guidelines.
These sacrifices, taken in total, are distinctive to police officers.
Strength
Strength is the ability to resist stress or strain. Strength can take two primary forms for the police officer:
(1) strength of character and (2) physical strength.
Police officers are beset from all angles by attempts on their strength of character. The job itself is
mentally demanding, requiring the officers full focus and attention to detail. Miscalculations or
inattentiveness can cost lives. Officers are most often witness to the most disparate moments in peoples
lives. The repeated viewing of this cruelty can affect the strength of the officers character. Police officers
must develop the strength to witness and process these events, moving forward and remaining focused
on the organizational mission and the well-being of those whom they continue to serve.
Through their actions, criminals have proven a disregard for others and a singular focus upon themselves.
They will often say or attempt anything to secure their own escape from justice. Criminals are not above
attempting to make officers party to their own escape or to the continuation of their illegal activitiesthat
is, to turning a blind eye. Police officers must have the moral strength to resist these temptations.

Officers must also possess the strength of character to persevere. However trying an incident may be, the
police officer must never quit. The safety of the community demands it. The lives and safety of fellow
officers demands it. Commitment to duty and honor demands it. The police officer must possess and
maintain the physical strength required to perform the job. This includes the ability to run after offenders,
scale fences and walls, and subdue resistant offenders, but it is certainly not limited to these activities.
Police officers must maintain a particular level of physical strength and fitness to maintain a command
presence. Officers must convey by their physical presence that they have the ability to complete any task
assigned to them. A police officers physical strength must tell the community not only that they care about
them but that they care about themselves as well. The uniform is not just an identifier of the officers
profession; it is also an obligation. It obliges the officer who wears it to have both the character strength
and physical strength to honor the office which the uniform represents. Though other professions exist
which require character and physical strength, these particular demands are distinctive to police officers.
Authority
Authority is the right or power to give commands, enforce obedience, or to take action. Officers have the
legal authority to deprive individuals of their freedom of movement while conducting investigations and
effecting arrests. Certainly these authorities are not granted, nor exercised, lightly. Due to the breadth of
authority police officers are granted, it is a trait distinctive to its profession.
While it is the primary duty of police officers to execute their legal authority, it is their primary responsibility
to execute their moral authority. With the wide powers granted by legal authority, it is incumbent upon
officers to ensure that this authority is not used for personal benefit. The exercise of authority, both legal
and moral, is the fundamental basis for action by police officers.
Not only must authority be exercised properly, but it must also be submitted to respectfully. With rank
comes increased authority, including the authority over subordinate officers. For departmental supervisors
and leaders, this acknowledgement of authority over officers must always be tempered with the
knowledge that they are also responsible for the conduct and safety of their subordinates. While the
departmental mission must come first, supervisors and leaders must recognize that they cannot put their
people in the way of undue harm. With authority, there is responsibilitynot just up the chain of command
but down as well.
Similarly, those officers who are subordinate by rank must be willing to submit to authority. This does not
mean that officers are subjected to the whims of their superiors, but it does mean adherence to proper
procedures for the performance of duties. The respectful submission to authority by police officers is as
critical to the overall success of the departmental mission as the exercise of authority is.
Warrior Ethos and Warrior Police
For some time, the military has had a clearly stated Warrior Ethos. Through this simple declaration, they
make clear their core values. Police departments have often tried to do similar feats, creating mission
statements or providing lists of values in the form of acronyms. Undoubtedly, these are beneficial
practices. However, no formally labeled and committed Police Ethos has been presented. This most likely
is due to confusion over what exactly is an ethos for police officers and its confusion with what some
have often referred to as Warrior Police.
The police officer is pressured from many angles. Most notably, these pressures come from the criminal
element itself. Though statistics show that violent crime and felonious assaults against police officers are
slowly declining, criminals remain more violent and better armed than at any other time in American law
enforcement. Respect for police is at a low due to societal changes and various police scandals. Too
often, communities within large cities resemble war zones, with criminals forcing residents to hide within
their homes. The police are vocally encouraged by both the community and from within to be proactive,
creating innovative and often aggressive strategies for combating crime and violence. At some point, the

statement is made that police need to be, like the military and their Warrior Ethos, warriors themselves.
Without realizing it, however, this statement can set up departments for tremendous failure.
Our communities are not war zones. When the comparison between military warriors and police officers
is made, it invariably leads to an ever-increasing level of tactical aggression by officers. Police officers
may begin to see their role as subjugator and the entirety of a community as the enemy. This effect has
been studied in Los Angeles after the scandal in the Rampart Division which occurred during the 1990s.
As part of Los Angeles Police Departments Consent Decree, a panel was created to investigate the
circumstances which led to the Rampart scandal with the goal to determine how obvious warning signs
were missed. Among their findings they noted two primary drivers that led to the scandal: (1) the
departments encouragement of a gunslinger mindset and (2) the pressure to bring about dramatic
reductions in violent crime that created a no holds barred strategy (Blue Ribbon Rampart Review Panel,
2006). In short, officers were encouraged to view themselves as warriors, and supervisors often turned
a blind eye to excesses so that their officers could bring in arrests.
Police departments must, to a certain degree, encourage aggressive policing in their officers. As crime
continues and, in some areas, worsens, officers must be mentally prepared to actively seek out and stop
criminals. The mission must remain the primary focus. However, the streets of our communities are not
battlefields. To encourage this mindset sets the stage for a lack of empathy that only deepens the gulf of
the us vs. them mentality. As officers are encouraged to see themselves as besieged warriors fighting
against an entrenched enemy, the potential for abuse can grow until actualized. This danger must be
recognized. The understanding of what a Warrior Ethos is, and by extension creating a Police Ethos,
becomes critical in this avoidance. A Police Ethos provides for a statement of values while calling for
action.
The Police Ethos
As previously stated, the notion of a Police Ethos is values in action. The ethos must be statements of our
core beliefs as law enforcement officers and, therefore, should be universally applicable for every agency.
They must also be motivational; they must command our officers into action while reaffirming purpose and
direction. They are statements of who we are:

I Will Always Place the Needs of the Community Before My Own.

I Will Always Preserve the Honor and Integrity of the Police Officer.
I Will Never Accept Defeat.
I Will Never Quit.
I Will Never Fail My Fellow Officer.
I Will Always Place the Needs of the Community Before My Own.
This ethos statement is a reminder that our primary mission is to ensure the safety and security of the
communities we serve. It reminds us that we are employed by them. The community is not the obstacle to
our mission, it is our mission. Before we see to our own needs, we must first attend to theirs.
Though our mission is to ensure the safety of the community before our own, this does not mean that we
are reckless. As has often been said, though, we run to the sound of gunfire while others run away. It is
this spirit that this ethos statement claims.
I Will Always Preserve the Honor and Integrity of the Police Officer.
Acceptance of the duties of an officer itself is a display of honor. As we are well aware, the job is a difficult
one, set with danger and difficult working conditions. The personal decision to become an officer remains

at its core an altruistic one and, therefore, indicates the type of honor inherent in every law enforcement
officer. One key to successfully achieving the above ethos statement is to remember this selfless
decision, even as the years go by.
As officers, we remain under the publics watchful eye. The increased presence of security cameras,
dashboard cameras, and cell-phone video recorders guarantee that our actions will always be available
for review. This does not matter, though, because this ethos statement reminds us that our actions are
always honorable and that we always act with the highest degree of integrity and personal ethics. As
officers, our actions are unbiased, and we enforce the laws fairly and impartially. Officers will take no
action that may reflect negatively upon not only their own honor and integrity, but upon the honor and
integrity of their office or their profession.
I Will Never Accept Defeat; I Will Never Quit.
At first glance, these two statements appear redundant. They are not identical. In order to be defeated, an
event must have come to some conclusion. For officers, this may mean an individual investigation, or it
may mean a specific trial. It may refer to the pursuit of an offender who has, at present, eluded us. An
officer does not accept defeat. An officer will continue to seek new avenues for success, new investigative
angles to pursue, or new corners to search. If an action has been quit, it was done so during an event.
This is the difference between defeat and quit. The former occurs after an event has concluded; the latter
occurs during the course of the event. Officers will never quit. They will pursue an offender tirelessly, be
that pursuit a paper investigation or a foot chase.
The most critical aspect of these two ethos statements, however, is not their definitions or their subtle
differences. Rather, it is the one thing they share. Both represent conscious decisions. An individual must
decide to be defeated and an individual must decide to quit. By making these two ethos statements, we
do two things. First, we remove the decision from the officer. Secondly, we shine a light upon these two
decisions so that supervisors and commanders may recognize them. Part of continued officer training can
be the reinforcement of these two ethos statements, conditioning officers to never have as part of their
decision-making processes the notion of defeat or quitting.
I Will Never Fail My Fellow Officer.
Officers must rely on each other. We back each other up on the street and come to each others aid in
times of personal need. Despite any personal differences officers may have toward one another, these
are forgotten when help is needed.
This statement is the last, however, for a purpose. Failure to live up to the preceding ethos statements is
a failure to your fellow officers. If an officer puts themselves and their benefit before the community, if an
officer lacks integrity, if an officer accepts defeat or quits, then the officer has failed their fellow officers.
Every officer must live the Police Ethos or they have failed their fellow officers. This statement makes it
clear: failure in any form is not an option.
Conclusion
An ethos is a statement of core values by which a culture is defined. We have seen how the traits
distinctive to law enforcement provide support for the notion of a dedicated Police Ethos. The confusion of
a Warrior Ethos and the notion of a Warrior Police can create a cycle of increasing separation of police
from the communities they serve. It is this confusion that can encourage the type of gunslinger attitude
that leads to disastrous incidents like the one Los Angeles suffered. The creation of a formal Police Ethos
can eliminate this confusion. By confirming the core values of the police officer in a true Police Ethos, the
essence of the warrior spirit can be captured while simultaneously affirming the honor and integrity
inherent in our chosen profession.
Bibliography

Blue Ribbon Rampart Review Panel. (2006). Rampart reconsidered: The search for real reform seven
years later. Los Angeles: Rice.
Buchholz, S., & Roth, T. (1987). Creating the high performance team. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Buckingham, D. W. (1999). The warrior ethos. Newport, RI: Naval War College.
Kelling, G., & Coles, C. (1997). Fixing broken windows. New York: Simon &Schuster.
Weisburd, D., & Braga, A. A. (Eds.). (2006). Police innovation: Contrasting perspectives. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
John A. Bertetto is a sworn member of the Chicago Police Department. He is the author of CounterGang Strategy: Adapted COIN in Policing Criminal Street Gangs, Countering Criminal Street Gangs:
Lessons from the Counterinsurgent Battlespace, and Designing Law Enforcement: Adaptive Strategies
for the Complex Environment. Officer Bertetto holds a Master of Science degree from Western Illinois
University and a Master of Business Administration from St. Xavier University.
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