1)so there are a bunch of different dyes in the dye present , so the stationary

phase would be
the paper and the solvent would be the water present.so as the dyes is absorbed
and the water is also absorbed the dye gets transfered to the
water and then move along with the solvent.but for different dyes we would have
the different equilibrium data that would be present and so the
adsoption desorption takes place.
2)So as the water moves due to the gravity we would have the dyes also moving wi
th the gravity and then as the silica is the D block element we would
have the empty orbitals that we are going to have and different bondings with th
e molecules and so we are going to have different retention time
3)So there are a mobile phase and a stationary phase.
4)There are different kinds of chromatography paper chromatography,gas chromatog
raphy,column chromatography
5)There has to have the two phases it is compulsory.you have the glass surface a
nd then using that we are going to have the dip it in the silica,after some time
it would just dry off
6)After that we need to put a drop on the silica it will remain as a drop and th
en we need to dip it in the solvent,any particular solvent so the bonding with t
he dyes would be differnt,
some solvent has the better bonding with the solution molecules.so according to
the adsorption theory we have langmuir equation,linear and frieundlich isotherms
7)There is absorption equilibria and for that we have the q=kC,we want the equil
ibrium to be between liquid and the solid and so it the relating the concentrati
on of the solute in the solid and the liquid
and so there is concentration in the solution as the ppm of the solution and the
solution comprises of the solvent and the solution that we are putting and so
the properties of the solution would be differnt .
8)So there is how much of solute present in the solid and then how much of the s
olute will there be in the liquid phase and the we have the equilibrium being es
tablished to get the delta G to be hte minimum
9)So we have different pure compounds that we are going to look that which subst
ance goes to what distance and then get the required analysis
10)So we have the seperation of the components based on the polarity,the silica
has the empty p orbital and the d orbital to the take hte elctrons from it
11)in the thin layer chromatography we have the glass slide that is coated with
silica gel and there is formtion of hte thin layeers on the silica
12)In the column chromatography we have the different compounds that would trave
l down the column and there would be ring formation occuring and so there is sep
eration of the compounds
13)Then there are various kinds of other chromatography that we can do,now inste
ad of the using the silica gel we can also use the beads.
14)there are beads that can pass the tiny molecules and they essentially gets tr
apped or take the longer time to get out the beads
15)Then there are ion exchange chromatography that has a particular affinity tow
ards a particular a particular solute present in the solution
16)High performance liquid chromatography , there is high pressure liquid chroma
tography
17)Atlast is the gas chromatography,so we have different compounds with differen
t boiling points.
18)So there would a mixture that would be given and then we can boil the mixture
and depending on the differnce in the boiling point we can seperate out the com
ponents where we have the stationary phase tobe some kind of liquid while the
carrier gas is some kind of the inert gas that will be acting as the mobile phas
e
19)So the solution has vaporized and then we have the inert gas being mixed with
it and then there occurs the liquid being the stationary phase we have the diff
erent boiling point compounds being seperated as the compound with the more boil
ing point would

would be travel less distance and then we have the less boiling point compound w
ould travel a larger distance
20)Thin layer chromatography:So we have a mobile phase and a stationary phase an
d the compounds that would be interacting would be interacting onn the surface o
f the silica gel.
21)The TLC would tell us the compounds are more polar or less polar and accordin
g to that we have the less polar being moving upwards very fast.
22)The solvent being the less polar than than the solid stationary phase .Then t
here is retention factor =distance travelled by the solute/distance travelled by
the solvent .
23)So the compound having the larger retention factor would travel larger distan
ces
24)Gas chromatography for seperating out compounds that have the different boili
ng point,the liquid gets vaporized to the gas phase
25)and then pass the gas through the coil and then there is a detector for the n
umber of particles in the gas phase and there is chromatogram
26)liquid serving as hte stationary phase and what you would observe is the low
boiling pint reacing first ot hte detector
27)Usually the first peak is the solvent having a pretty low boiling point
28)So the liquid having the high boiling point will prefer to stay in the liquid
phase as compared to the solute having the low boiling point
29)