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TypeofDirective

Number

Page

GENERALORDER

10.1.8

124

Subject

Date

USEOFFORCE

03/2014

Amends

Rescinds

SPECIALORDER1301,10.1.7

CALEAReferences
1.2.2,1.3.11.3.13,41.2.2,41.2.3
Authorizedby:

HowardB.Hall,ChiefofPolice

ThispolicyisforDepartmentuseonlyandshallnotapplyinanycriminalorcivilproceedings.The
Departmentpolicyshouldnotbeconstruedasacreationofahigherlegalstandardofsafetyorcarein
anevidentiarysensewithrespecttothirdpartyclaims.Violationsofthisdirectivewillbethebasisfor
Departmentadministrativesanctions.Violationsoflawwillformthebasisforcivilandcriminal
sanctionsinarecognizedjudicialsetting.

I. PURPOSE
Thepurposeofthisorderistoestablishbasicpolicyguidelinesregardingtheuseofforceby
membersoftheDepartment.

II. POLICY
ThepolicyoftheDepartmentistoeffectivelymanagealluseofforcematterssothatpolicy,
training,reportingandperformanceareinaccordancewithConstitutionalmandates.Officersare
grantedthelegalauthoritytocarryanduseweaponsintheperformanceoftheirdutiespursuant
totheConstitutionofVirginia,ArticleVII3andCOV15.21706.Performanceofthelaw
enforcementfunctionplacesofficersinsituationsthatmayrequirethemtouseforcein
accomplishingtheirduties.OfficersoftheDepartmentwilluseonlythatforce,whichis
reasonabletoeffectlawfulobjectives.

III. PROCEDURE

A. Definitions

Thefollowingdefinitionsareprovidedtoenhanceoperationalconsistencyinthe
Department'smanagementofuseofforceissues:

FORCEphysicaleffortonthepartofapoliceemployeethatisdesignedtoassistthe
employeeingainingcontroloftheactionsorbehaviorofapersonorpersons.

NONDEADLYFORCEforcenotintendedto,orlikelyto,causedeathorseriousinjury.

LESSLETHALFORCEisforcethatislesslikelytocausedeathorgreatbodilyharm.

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10.1.8
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LESSLETHALWEAPONThoseweaponswhich,whenusedwithintheirdesignlimitations,
andfortheirintendedpurpose,maynotreasonablybeexpectedtocausedeathorgreat
bodilyharm.
REASONABLEBELIEFwhenfactsorcircumstancestheofficerknows,orshouldknow,are
suchtocauseanofficerwithliketrainingandexperiencetoactorthinkinasimilarway
undersimilarcircumstances.
PROGRESSIVEFORCEtheescalationofforceusedbyanofficerinordertocontrola
situationortheactionsofpersons,fromcooperativecontrolstodeadlyforce.
SERIOUSPHYSICALINJURYabodilyinjurythat:
1. createsasubstantialriskofdeath,or
2. causesserious,permanentdisfigurement,or
3. resultsinlongtermlossorimpairmentofabodymemberororgan.
DEADLYFORCEforcewhichmaycausedeathorseriousphysicalinjuryorwhichcreates
somespecifieddegreesofriskthatareasonableorprudentpersonwouldconsiderlikelyto
causedeathorgraveinjury.
QUALIFICATIONdefinedassuccessfulcompletionofaDepartmentofCriminalJustice
ServicesorDepartmentmandatedcourseoffire.
APPROVEDWEAPON/AMMUNITIONanyweaponlistedonthe"ApprovedWeapons"list
maintainedbytheServicesDivisionLieutenantorLeadFirearmsInstructor.
PATROLRIFLEshallbeagasoperated,semiautomatic,.223caliberrifleofthetype
commonlyknownasAR15,butwithvariousdesignationsdependinguponmanufacturer.

IV.

PROCEDUREOPERATIONAL
A. UseofForceGuidelines
1. Deadlyforcemaybeusedwhenanofficer(s)reasonablybelievesthattheyoranother
personisinimminentdangerofdeathorseriousphysicalinjury.
2. Anofficermayusedeadlyforcetoaffectthecaptureorpreventescapeofaperson,
whentheofficerhasreasonablebeliefthatthesubjectposesanimminentdangerof
seriousphysicalinjurytotheofficer(s)orothersifpermittedtoescape.
3. Nodistinctionwillbemaderelativetotheageofanysuspectinregardstotheuseof
force,includingdeadlyforce.

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10.1.8
3
4. Beforeusingdeadlyforceofficerswill,whenpossibleandpractical,issueaverbal
warningtotheassailant.Inthiswarning,officerswillidentifythemselvesaspolice
officersandinstructtheassailanttoceasethethreateningaction(s).
5. Officerswillnotfiretheirweaponswiththespecificintenttokill,butrathertorender
anassailantincapableofcompletingapotentiallydeadlyact.Formaximumstopping
effectivenessandminimaldangertoinnocentbystanders,ifpractical,officersshould
shootat"centermass".
6. TheDepartmentrealizesandacknowledgesthatintense,uncertain,and/orrapidly
evolvingconfrontationsanofficermayhavetoreasonablyusetechniques,weapons,
and/orimprovisedweaponsthat:
a. arenotapartoftheDepartment'sformaltrainingprogram,
b. arenotcoveredinthispolicy,
c. arenotinconformitywithtraining,and
d. haveanunintentionaleffectontheofficer'simpactpointoranoutcomethatis
notpartoftheDepartment'strainingcurriculumandwhichisadirectresultof
thesuspect'sactions
7. Allofficers'actionsthataredeemedreasonableinretrospectwillbeconsideredtobe
withinpolicy,evenifthespecificactionand/oroperationisnotspecificallyaddressed
withinpolicy.
8. Ifasuspect'sactionsresultsintheuseofforce,officerswillplacetheappropriate
additionalcharges.

9. Anytimeaninjuryresultsfromtheapplicationofforcewhichwarrantsmedical
attention,theofficerwillseekmedicalattentionfortheinjuredperson.
10. Ifthesubjectisincustody,theofficerisresponsiblefor:
a. ensuringthepersonissafelytransportedtoamedicalfacilityforevaluationand
treatmentor
b. transportingtheindividualtothedocketforevaluationbyjailmedicalstaffifthe
injuriesareminorinnatureand/ortheprisonerisrefusingmedicalattention.
11. Ifthesubjectisnotincustody,butanactionbyanemployeeresultsinaninjury,the
officerwillattempttoobtainreasonablemedicalattentionfortheinjuredpersonas
soonaspossible.

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10.1.8
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12. Officerswillnotcarryondutyanyweapon,orpieceofequipmentcommonlyusedas
aweapon,notissuedbytheDepartmentorspecificallyapprovedbytheChiefof
Police.
B. WarningShots
1. ArenotauthorizedbytheRoanokeCountyPoliceDepartment.

C. UseofForce
1. Theuseofnondeadlyforcewillbereasonablybalancedinresponsetothe
circumstances.Thisforcemaybeintheformofadvice,warning,persuasion,verbal
encounters,physicalcontact,ortheuseoflesslethalweapons.
2. Officersareexpectedtousethetools,techniques,andtimingestablishedbythe
DepartmentandfoundwithintheIntegratedForceManagementReferenceGuide
whichislocatedonpagestwentythree(23)andtwentyfour(24)ofthisGeneral
Order.
3. ThetoolswhichhavebeenapprovedaslesslethalweaponsforDepartmentuse
include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

OleoresinCapsicum(O.C.Spray),
PR24SideHandleBaton(FixedorExpandable),
ExpandableBaton,
Caninestrainedinsuspectapprehension,
BeanBagShotgun
PepperballGun
ElectronicControlDevice(Taser)

4. Otherlesslethalweaponsmaybeauthorizedforspecializedfunctionsand/orunitsby
theChiefofPolice.
5. ThedeploymentofStopSticks,inanefforttostopamotorvehicle,isconsidered
forciblestopping.ThedeploymentofStopSticksisauseofforce.Theappropriate
useofStopSticksisgovernedbytheGeneralOrdertitledEmergencyVehicle
Operations.
D. UseofForceReportingandReview
1. AwrittenUseofForceReportwillbecompleted,bytheofficerapplyingforce,for
everycaseinwhich:
a. Personnelmustusephysicalforcetoovercomeaphysicalresistancetothe
officerscompletionofalawfulact.

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10.1.8
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b. Personnelmustuseadeadlyorlesslethalweapontoovercomeresistance.
c. Personnelmustusephysicalforcetoprotectthemfromaphysicalassault.
d. Asuspect,whohasbeenhandcuffed,complainsofinjuryand/orpainfromthe
useofthehandcuffs.Theuseofarestraintsuchashandcuffsisnotnormally
consideredanapplicationofforce.
e. AnofficerdeploysStopStickswhetherornotanyvehiclecomesintocontactwith
theStopSticks.
f.

Anofficerdischargesafirearm,forotherthantrainingorrecreationalpurposes.

g. Anofficertakesanactionthatresultsin,orisallegedtohaveresultedin,injuryor
deathofanotherperson.
2. TheUseofForceReportwillberequiredeveniftheforceapplieddoesnotresultin
thearrestofthepartytowhomtheforceisapplied.
3. TheUseofForceReportwillcontaininformationregardingtheofficer'sassessmentof
risk,theofficer'sresponsetothethreat,andtheresultoftheactiontaken.Officers
areexpectedtoarticulatethecircumstancesandbehaviorswhichplacedasubjectat
acertainthreatlevel.Officersareexpectedtodescribetheirinteractionsthroughthe
useofthetermsanddefinitionscontainedintheDepartment'sIntegratedForce
ManagementGuidewhichislocatedonpagestwentythree(23)andtwentyfour(24)
ofthisGeneralOrder.
4. Thereportformwillbecompletedandsubmittedwiththeoffensereportbyinvolved
personnelbytheendoftheirshift.Anexclusiontothisisthephysicalstateofthe
involvedpersonnel.Insituationsdeemedtobecriticaluseofforceincidents,
involvedpersonnel,ifphysicallyable,mustmakeaverbalreportoftheincidenttoa
supervisorassoonaspossible.Thisreportwillbemadeforinformationalpurposes
onlyandwillnotbeaformalinterview.Awrittenreportwillbesubmittedassoonas
practicalthereafter.Thewrittenreportmaybedevelopedfromanytapedinterview
orstatementmadebyinvolvedpersonnelduringthecriminalinvestigation.
5. ThereportwillbepromptlysubmittedthroughtheChainofCommandtotheChiefof
Police.Supervisorsareresponsiblefordeterminingiftheofficersactionsmay
warrantaninvestigationpursuanttoGeneralOrderInternalInvestigations.Each
supervisorylevelisresponsiblefor:
a. reviewingthereporttoidentify(ifapplicable)anypolicy,training,weaponor
equipmentdeficiency,
b. determiningifanydisciplinaryactionorcommendationiswarranted,
c. returninganincorrectorincompletereporttotheofficerforcorrection,

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10.1.8
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d. commentingwhethertheofficer'sactionwasorwasnotincompliancewiththis
GeneralOrder,
e. signanddatethereportacknowledgingthereportiscomplete,
f.

forwardingacopytotheUniformOfficeSupportSpecialistforentryintothe
computerizedtrackingsystem,totheProfessionalStandardsUnit(PSU)for
informationalpurposes,and

g. submittingthereporttothenextlevelintheChainofCommand.
6. AcomputerizedtrackingsystemforUseofForceincidentswillbemaintainedand
updatedbytheUniformOfficeSupportSpecialist.
7. TheoriginalUseofForceReportwillberetainedwiththecorrespondingcasefileby
theRecordsUnit.
8. Annually,PSUwillcauseananalysisoftheDepartmentsUseofForceandEmergency
VehicleOperationsactivities,policiesandpracticestobecreated.Thisanalysiswillbe
submittedtotheChiefofPolice.
E. OfficerInvolvedShooting/FatalDepartmentVehicleCrash
a. Uponbeingadvisedofanofficerinvolvedshooting(OIS)orafatalvehiclecrash
involvingaDepartmentvehicle,theondutyshiftsupervisorshallimmediately
respondtothescene.
b. Onceonscene,thesupervisorwillensurethatacrimesceneperimeteris
establishedandacrimesceneloginitiated.
c. Theonscenesupervisorwillensurethatallrequiredmedicalservicesare
dispatchedtothescene.
d. Theonscenesupervisorwillensuretheimmediatenotificationofthefollowing
personnel:
(1) OperationsAssistantChiefofPolice
(2) CriminalInvestigationsDivision(CID)supervisorforOIS.
(3) Onduty/oncallfatalityinvestigator(s)intheeventofafatalcrashinvolvinga
Departmentvehicle.
e. Onsceneresponsibilitieswillbeasfollows:

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(1) UniformSupervisorwillberesponsibleforcontrollingtheouterperimeter,
crowdcontrol,etc.
(2) CIDorSpecialOperationsSupervisorwillberesponsibleforthecrime/crash
scene.
(3) AssistantChiefofPoliceonceonscene,willassumeresponsibilityfor
controlofthesituation.
f.

TheOperationsAssistantChiefofPoliceortheirdesigneeisresponsibleforthe
immediatenotificationofthosepersonneldeemednecessaryforthe
investigation.TheOperationsAssistantChiefofPoliceortheirdesigneewill
requesttheEmergencyCommunicationsCenterimmediatelynotify:
(1) AdministrativeAssistantChiefofPoliceandtheChiefofPolice.
(2) ProfessionalStandardsUnitLieutenant.
(3) CommonwealthAttorneyortheirdesignee.
(4) RoanokeCountyAttorneyortheirdesignee.
(5) RoanokeCountyAdministratorortheirdesigneeaftersufficientinformationis
available.

g. ImmediatelyaftercontaininganOIScrimescene,theonscenesupervisorwill
immediatelyretrievetheinvolvedofficer(s)weapon(s)andmagazines,securing
themuntiltheycanbereleasedtotheappropriateevidencetechnicianassigned
tothescene.Areplacementweaponwillbeissuedtotheofficer(s)uponretrieval
oftheinvolvedweapon.Involvedpersonnelshallnotberequiredtobewithouta
weaponatanytime.
h. Thedesignatedsupervisorwillimmediatelyaccompanyallpersonnelinvolvedin
theOISorfatalDepartmentvehiclecrashtotheRoanokeCountyPolice
Departmentandwillstaywithandensurethecomfortofthosepersonnel.The
supervisorwillensurethattheinvolvedpersonnelavoidanyandallcontactwith
themedia.
i.

InterviewsofinvolvedpersonnelwillbescheduledbyanAssistantChief.Involved
personnelshouldbekeptseparatefromeachotheruntilinterviewsare
completedandCIDpersonneldeterminethattheseparationisnolonger
necessary.

j.

InaccordancewiththeGeneralOrderSubstanceAbuse,anAssistantChiefof
PolicewilldetermineanadequatetimeframeinwhichpersonnelfromSafetyand
ComplianceServices,Inc.willbecontactedandrequestedtocollectbreathand

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urinesamplesfrominvolvedpersonnel.
k. Inordertoprotecttheinvolvedpersonnelfrompotentiallegaljeopardy,no
supervisor,officer,orothermemberoftheDepartmentshallsecure,retain,give
orofferanylegaladvicetoanyinvolvedpersonnel.
F. CIDandSpecialOperationsResponsibilitiesinanOISorFatalDepartmentVehicleCrash
a. TheCIDLieutenantortheirdesigneewillassignCIDpersonneltoinvestigateeach
OISaswellasassigningpersonneltoassistTrafficEnforcementUnitpersonnel
withtheinvestigationofafatalDepartmentvehiclecrash.
b. ThefirstCIDsupervisor(OIS)orSpecialOperationssupervisor(FatalDepartment
VehicleCrash)onscenewillassumecompleteauthorityandresponsibilityforthe
sceneuntilrelievedbyanAssistantChiefofPolice.TherelievingAssistantChief
ofPoliceassumescompleteauthorityandresponsibilityforthescene.
c. ThepersonnelassignedtoconductthecriminalinvestigationoftheOISorfatal
Departmentvehiclecrashwilldosoinaccordancewithallrelevantconstitutional
provisions.IfitbecomesnecessarytoprovideMirandawarnings,theywillbe
givenbothverballyandinwriting.
G. CrimeSceneResponsibilities
a. Toensuresceneintegrity,nomemberoftheDepartmentmayenterthescene
withoutthespecificapprovalofthedesignatedUniform,CID,orSpecial
Operationssupervisor.
b. AnyDepartmentmemberenteringthescenewillcomplete,priortotheendof
theirtourofduty,athoroughandaccuratesupplementthatdetailsthereasonfor
enteringthescene,theiractionsandtheirobservationswhileinthescene.
c. AnyDepartmentmemberenteringthescenewillbelistedonthemasterwitness
listsubmittedtotheCommonwealthAttorney.
H. InformationFlow
a. NoinformationrelativetotheOISorfatalDepartmentvehiclecrashistobe
relayedtoanyoutsideDepartmentpersonnelwithouttheexpressapprovalofthe
designatedCID(OIS)orSpecialOperations(fatalDepartmentvehiclecrash)
supervisoror.Thisdoesnotprohibittheflowofofficersafetyinformationor
otherpertinentinformationsuchassuspectdescriptorsorsuspectvehicle
information.
b. ThedesignatedCID(OIS)orSpecialOperations(fatalDepartmentvehiclecrash)
supervisorwillimmediatelyapprisebothAssistantChiefsofPoliceandtheChief
ofPoliceofallinformationrelevanttotheOISorfatalDepartmentvehiclecrash.

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10.1.8
9
ThedesignatedCID(OIS)orSpecialOperations(fatalDepartmentvehiclecrash)
supervisorwillestablishthemeansandtimetableforconstantupdatesof
informationwiththeChiefofPolice.
c. AtthediscretionoftheCID(OIS)orSpecialOperations(fatalDepartmentvehicle
crash)supervisor,theRoanokeCountyPublicInformationOfficer(PIO)willbe
contactedandrequestedtobepresentatthesceneforanymediacontacts.
d. AnyinvestigationconductedbytheProfessionalStandardsUnitwillbedone
pursuanttoexistingpolicy.
e. AnadministrativeinvestigationofeachOISorfatalDepartmentvehiclecrash
incidentwillbeconductedbytheProfessionalStandardsUnit,underthedirection
oftheAdministrativeAssistantChiefofPolice.

I.

MandatoryReassignment
WhenanymemberoftheDepartmentisinvolvedinanincidentwheretheemployees
action,risestothelevelwhich,resultsindeathorseriousphysicalinjury,theywillbe
administrativelyreassignedduringthepreliminaryinvestigationoftheincident.
1. ThenatureofthereassignmentwillbelefttothediscretionoftheChiefofPolice.This
reassignmentwillbewithoutlossofpayorbenefitspendingtheresultsofthe
investigation.
2. Thisremovalfromlinedutywillinnowayindicateorimplythattheofficerhasacted
improperly.

J.

Counseling
1. Anofficerorcivilianemployee,whoisdirectlyinvolvedinanincidentwheredeathor
seriousphysicalinjuryoccurs,shallberequiredtoreportforcounselingtoamental
healthprofessionalselectedbytheDepartmentpriortoreturningtofullduty.
a. Suchcounselingisintendedtoassistinthepreventionofanyadverseemotional
effectresultingfromtheemployee'sexperience.
b. Suchcounselingshallbemademandatorytoensurethattheemployeereceives
someformoftimelyassistance.
2. Thenumberofanymandatorysessionsattendedbyanemployeewillbedecidedby
theChiefofPolice,inconjunctionwiththerecommendationoftheassignedmental
healthprofessional.
a. mandatorysession(s)willbescheduledduringtheemployee'sdutytime,if
possible;otherwisetheDepartmentwillgrantovertimeorcompensatoryleave.

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10.1.8
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b. paymentforallmandatorysessionswillbemadebytheDepartment.
3. Theaffectedemployee'sAssistantChiefofPolicewillberesponsiblefor:
a. selectingamentalhealthprofessionalqualifiedtomeettheperceivedneedand
recommendinghimtotheChiefofPoliceforapproval,
b. schedulingatimelyappointmentwiththeapprovedmentalhealthprofessional,
and
c. notifyingtheemployeeofthescheduledappointmentandmentalhealth
professionalselected.
4. Anynonmandatorysessionsarrangedbyanemployeewillbethefinancial
responsibilityofthatemployee.

USEOFFORCE
10.1.8

INTEGRATED FORCE MANAGEMENT


REFERENCE GUIDE
23
Perceived Circumstances

Perceived Subjects Action(s)

Reasonable Officers Response(s)

Totality Triangle depicts the three elements which must be considered in determining whether an application of force was
The
objectively
reasonable.

Perceived Circumstances the officers perception of the severity of a crime, the existence of an immediate safety threat to the
officer, or others, and the degree of compliance/non-compliance from the subject; culminating in its identification on the Use of
Force Model.
Perceived Subjects Action(s) the subject action(s) as perceived by the reasonable officer that designate the subject at one or
more of the Use of Force Models compliant/non-compliant categories.
Reasonable Officers Response(s) the balanced response(s) appropriate for the reasonable officers selection from the Use
of Force Modes identified response categories, in order to maintain or gain subject compliance and control.

INTEGRATED FORCE MANAGEMENT


USE OF FORCE MODEL
Assaultive
Serious Bodily
Harm / Death

Lethal (V)
Harmful (IV)

Assaultive
(Bodily Harm)
Resistant
(Active)
Resistant
(Passive)
Compliant
Reasonable Officers
Perception

Deadly Force

Defensive
Tactics

Volatile (III)
Tactical (II)
Strategic (I)
Enforcement
Electives

Compliance
Techniques
Contact
Controls
Cooperative
Controls
Reasonable Officers
Response

The Use of Force Model was developed in 1991 by Dr. Franklin Graves, FLETC and Professor Gregory J.
Connor. 1991, G. Connor. All rights reserved.
Threat perception Color Code the tactically applied and color adapted correlation of the Threat Perception Categories on the Use
of Force Model.
Control Superiority Principle - the understanding and visualization method utilized to reinforce the inherent principle of officer
force superiority over the subjects degree of compliance/non-compliance.
Assessment/Selection Arrows the mechanism utilized to indicate the dynamic nature of an officers decision making process of
Tactical Transition during the enforcement encounter.

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10.1.8

24
Threat Perception Categories

Strategic
the first level of the Use of Force Model, establishing a broad mind set for the officer, represented by the

blue baseline on the Threat Perception Color Code. The contemporary officer must maintain this functional
foundation, centered upon patterns and principles designed to enhance the overall and ongoing status of safety.

Tactical the second level on the Use of Force Model, depicted by the color green. Here the officer perceives an
increase in threat perception within the confrontational environment, evolving into procedural and deployment of
tactics.
Volatile the third level on the Use of Force Model utilizing the color yellow to indicate an active level of alertness
and threat potential. Here the officer is confronted with the presence or potential of increased threat intensity, severity,
etc.
Harmful at this level on the Use of Force Model the color orange denotes an accelerated perception of threat
directed toward the officer or others. In this regard the officer must initially deploy defensive force toward the effort of
eventual subject compliance and control.
Lethal the highest level on the Use of Force Model correlates to the most intense color of the Threat Perception
Color Code, red. Although this potentially lethal degree of threat is most infrequent, it remains most crucial for the
continuation of officer safety and societal security.
Perceived Citizen Action(s) Categories
Compliant represents the vast majority of officer/citizen confrontations in the form of cooperation and control. Such
cooperation is generally established and maintained via cultural acceptance, verbalization skills, etc.
Resistant (Passive) the preliminary level of citizen non-compliance. Here, the citizen, although non-compliant
offers no physical or mechanical energy enhancement toward the resistant effort.
Resistant (Active) the subjects non-compliance is increased in scope and/or intensity. The subjects noncompliance now includes energy enhanced physical or mechanical defiance.
Assaultive (Bodily Harm) the officers attempt to gain lawful compliance has culminated in a perceived or actual
attack on the officer or others. The officer makes the reasonable assessment that such actions by the subject would
not result in the officers or others death or serious bodily harm.
Assaultive (Serious Bodily Harm/Death) - the officers attempt to gain lawful compliance has culminated in the
perception of an attack or the potential for such an attack on the officer or others. The officer makes the reasonable
assessment that such actions by the subject could result in serious bodily harm or death to the officer or others.
Officer Response(s) Categories
Cooperative Controls include contemporary controls developed to preserve officer safety and security, including:
Communication skills, restraint applications, etc.
Contact Controls includes restraint countermeasures designed to guide or direct the non-compliance subject.
These hands-on tactics would include the elbow/wrist grasp, Hand Rotation Position, etc.
Compliance Techniques includes resistant countermeasures designed to counter the subjects enhanced degree
of resistance. These tactics could include the Hand Rotation Technique, OC Spray, etc.
Defensive Tactics include assaultive countermeasures designed to cease the subjects non-lethal assault on the
officer or others, regain control and assure continued compliance. These tactics include baton strikes,
kicking/punching techniques, etc.
Deadly Force includes assaultive countermeasures designed to cease as assault which is lethal or could cause
great bodily harm to the officer or others. These tactics could include the use of a firearm, lethal strikes, etc.
Revised: 3-21-2004 (mac)

EndofGeneralOrder10.1.8

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