I N C O R P O R AT I N G

F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

Recirculating
Aquaculture
Systems
The use of feed in RAS
- Innovation Nation
- boosting the
Scottish economy
- EXPERT TOPIC
- Salmonids
- Larval culture of
Pangasius in Puerto
Rico
- Aquaculture UK
technology on
display
May | June 2016

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Innovations for a better world.

Perendale Publishers Ltd

7 St Georges Terrace
St James Square, Cheltenham, Glos,
GL50 3PT, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 1242 267700

CONTENTS: MAY/JUNE 2016 VOLUME 19 ISSUE 3

Publisher
Roger Gilbert
rogerg@perendale.co.uk
Editor
Prof Simon Davies
simond@aquafeed.co.uk
Associate Editor
Dr Albert Tacon
albertt@perendale.co.uk
International Editors
Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition)
mai@perendale.co.uk
Prof Antonio Garza (Spanish edition)
antoniog@perendale.co.uk
Editorial Advisory Panel
Prof Dr Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed
Prof Antnio Gouveia
Prof Charles Bai
Dr Colin Mair
Dr Daniel Merrifield
Dr Dominique Bureau
Dr Elizabeth Sweetman
Dr Kim Jauncey
Dr Eric De Muylder
Dr Pedro Encarnao
Dr Mohammad R Hasan
Editorial team
Eloise Hillier-Richardson
eloisehr@perendale.co.uk
Peter Parker
peterp@perendale.co.uk
Malachi Stone
malachis@perendale.co.uk
Andrew Wilkinson
andreww@perendale.co.uk
Roy Palmer (Editor - Asia Pacific)
royp@perendale.com
International Marketing Team
Darren Parris
darrenp@perendale.co.uk
Tom Blacker
tomb@perendale.co.uk
Latin America Marketing Team
Ivn Marquetti
Tel: +54 2352 427376
ivanm@perendale.co.uk

REGULAR ITEMS
3

17 Aquaculture Training
34

India Marketing Team

Ritu Kala
rituk@perendale.co.uk

Circulation & Events Manager

Tuti Tan
tutit@perendale.co.uk
Copyright 2016 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form
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owner. More information can be found at www.perendale.
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38 Expert Topic - Salmonids

58

Nigeria Marketing Team

Nathan Nwosu
nathann@perendale.co.uk
Design Manager
James Taylor
jamest@perendale.co.uk

Industry News

Industry Events

72 The Market Place

74 The Aquafeed Interview

76

COLUMNS

Industry Faces

FEATURES
18 Potential for European lobster
mariculture
22 Mud crab farming in India

26 Larval culture of Pangasius in Puerto

Rico

30 Innovation Nation - How new

developments in aquaculture are boosting
the Scottish economy

36 A technological innovation for crustacean

aquaculture the Scottish economy

3 Antonio Garza de Yta

4
5

Roy Palmer

Ioannis Zabetakis

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

46

Faivre equipped Trout farms

50 The use of feed in RAS

54 Technology on display - Aquaculture UK

One of my tasks now is to expand our MSc portfolio in

mono-gastric animal production and we have now an excellent
validated masters programme in Aquaculture with a strong
focus on the technical needs of industry. We will leave others
to magnify on the socio-economics and politics of aquaculture
and endless definitions of sustainability as an aquatic cure for
insomnia. My other task is to construct a new research facility
for nutrition trials with fish and anyone with a view for support
and investment are welcome to offer advice. My plumbing
skills are not too bad but I would better get the experts in this
field for a high quality recirculation aquaculture system for
trout, tilapia and carp feed trials; any takers to show off their
best technology platform in a higher education setting?
One area of interest to me recently was news of the continued
trend of increased pangasius imports into the UK and EU in
general. With demand quite high, and imports up by 0.4 percent
over last year to Europe having already attained a value of
some US$42.2 million in 2016.
This demonstrates the importance of the markets and the
outcome of the referendum for UK membership in the EU is, in
my opinion, unlikely to affect the import of a lucrative market
for farmed fish in Britain. However, we must develop our own
aquaculture industry to secure domestic fish production as an
economic strategy.
Turning to our magazine now, we have our regular topical news
items and reports concerning the trends and the people that
are making waves in the industry on a global level. Certainly
our international reach is now so impressive and our associate
editors do an excellent job in the translation of the magazine
into Chinese and Spanish, covering major aquafeed and
Professor Simon Davies
technological advances to an important audience.
In this edition, amongst a typically eclectic blend of bang up to
DONT MISS THE UKS LARGEST AQUACULTURE
date news and forthright columns, we have a very informative
article by Rob Davis from the AquaBiotech group that focuses
EXHIBITION AND CONFERENCE
on RAS. Our good friend Dr Laxmappa has also provided
The spring has arrived and the longer days are now very
us with a very comprehensive account of the behaviour and
noticeable here in the UK. There is nothing like some
habitat of Scylla serrata, or mud crabs to give their more
well-deserved sunshine to stimulate the evenings before the
familiar name.
computer and I have
been2016
kept busy
with a glassSCOTLAND
of
25 &certainly
26 MAY
AVIEMORE,
This issue also boasts a fabulous report from Abbeville in
wine in hand of course!
Northern France where the International Aquafeed team got
Plenty of academic
work
has
come
my
way
and
its
been
a
An international event with visitors from over 30 countries, meet:
to see the very latest in Faivre equipment in action in situ at
pleasure to support my PhD students with their dissertation
a collection of trout farms; which fits in very nicely with our
proof readings and other matters concerning the final writing
species focus, trout and salmonids.
up of their theses before they submit to the judge and jury.
The strength of our edition continues right to our back cover
I was most pleased to be invited recently to a government
this month, with our interview being with Brett Glencross,
think tank in Glasgow, Scotland to participate in a forum
the Professor for Aquaculture Nutrition at the University of
aimed at establishing a network of academic, industrial and
Stirlings Institute of Aquaculture.
research council of UK operatives from the BBSRC and
NERC. There is much interest now in both the fish and shellfish Finally I ask you to keep more articles coming our way for this
is a great opportunity to address the issues and for organisations
areas for UK investment and collaboration with considerable
and individuals to share their knowledge base, networking and
potential for a number of key areas to be supported including
technical expertise to the wider readership.
the need for sustainable feeds close to this magazines interests.
The academic input, coupled with research centred features
I also visited the University of Glasgow to discuss biomedical
highlight so much progress and innovation within this industry.
work using zebrafish where I will advise on special diets for
I look forward to the next issue in the summer and your
zebrafish to study obesity and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism.
continued reading whether on-line or with our quality printed
There are great opportunities here for using fish nutrition as a
format. I now have a seven-year span of magazine issues from
tool in clinical medical research.
2009 and find it invaluable to my work and complementary to
My new position in Harper Adams University has enabled me
my research archives and textbooks.
to combine the best of approaches with some more time for
Thank you for your continued support!!!
travel and meeting so many stake-holders and experts in the
Professor Simon Davies
aquaculture business and academic sector with progression in a
number of areas.

Croeso - welcome

Visit www.aquacultureuk.com for more information

Meet the team

at up-coming
international events
or contact
info@aquacultureuk.com

www.aquafeed.co.uk

urabaya, Indonesia hosted Asia Pacific Aquaculture

2016 (APA 16) from the 26th to the 29th of April. For
aquaculture enthusiasts, its inspiring to visit Indonesia,
a country that produces more than 14 million tons
of aquacultured products. For a visitor from Latin
America such as myself, it is extraordinary to see that
a country that has the approximate size of Mexico (two million
square kilometers) produces more than the whole Latin American
and Caribbean region put together; even when just considering their
animal production (4.3 million tons). It is shocking considering the
vast land mass and the considerable available water resources in
the region.

Tilapia and shrimp are still produced in the largest

amounts

More than 17 500 islands form Indonesia, and its bays are
optimal for tropical marine fish species. Regardless, traditional
species like tilapia and shrimp are still produced in the largest
amounts while only milkfish contributes significantly to national
statistics.
Tropical marine aquaculture has not yet identified a species like
salmon worldwide. Although finding a tropical marine fish that is
equivalent to tilapia, which is omnivorous, sturdy, easy to hatch
and with a market size that can be reached in less than one year,
would be even better
In Latin America Seriola (rivoliana and lalandi) have been
identified as species that can be produced in controlled conditions,
that have good survival and most important have good markets.
Although, Seriolas biggest problem is formulated feed. In
practically all the region, except Chile, there isnt a feed plant that
produces good quality feed for marine species.
The lack of good quality feed will soon bankrupt Seriola
producers as they currently have to import their feeds from Canada
or Europe! The conditions are terrible, on one hand regional feed
producers are not willing to invest in producing high quality feed
for tropical marine fish because there is not enough volume that
justifies their investment, and on the other investors are not willing
to bet in marine aquaculture in the region as there is not available
high quality feed that can make the activity profitable.

The need to work together

Today all the stakeholders need to work together and solve this
problem. It true, we still need to invest many million dollars in
marine aquaculture, but at the end the activity will persevere. We
have to focus in technology and supplier development as well as
in technology transfer. Everybody will have to give up an inch,
but the vision is clear the future is in marine aquaculture.
Dr Antonio Garza de Yta, Director General
for Planning, Programming and Evaluation
of the National Commission for Aquaculture
and Fisheries in Mexico (CONAPESCA).

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The future is marine aquaculture

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Antonio Garza
de Yta

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News

Scottish aquaculture
leaders set out inspiring
vision for a growth strategy
to 2030

group of leading figures in Scottish

aquaculture have joined forces to plan an
ambitious strategy for growth to 2030.
By setting out an inspiring vision for continued
social, economic and environmentally sustainable
growth in aquaculture, the group aims to produce
a strategy to boost aquacultures contribution to
the Scottish economy. It believes there is potential
opportunity to increase aquacultures current
contribution of UK1.8 billion per annum to up to
double its current level by 2030.
The group will produce a strategy document,
called the Scottish Aquaculture 2030 Vision for
Growth, later this year. The document will back
an ambitious vision for sustainable growth with
practical recommendations, which the group
intends to be time-bound for implementation.
The strategy will cover the entire supply
chain, including farming, equipment supply,
infrastructure, processing, research & innovation,
the role of the public sector, and marketing.
The report will feed into Scotland Food and
Drinks overall industry strategy for 2017-2030.
Co-chairing the group are Stewart Graham,
MD of Gael Force Group, and Dennis Overton,
Chair of Aquascot, with other group members
representing the entire supply chain in
aquaculture, from innovation to production to
logistics. Input is also being taken from other
leading figures from the industry.
Stewart Graham comments, Theres an
opportunity for Scotlands aquaculture sector
to generate up to double its existing annual
contribution to the Scottish economy. And it can
do so in a way that continues to be sustainable
socially, economically and environmentally.
With industry and public-sector leadership
on this, the gains can be significant, long-term
and wide-reaching benefitting all of the wider
stakeholder group including local communities
and young people, as well as Scotland plc.
Over the coming months, the group will gather
evidence and recommendations from a wide range
of stakeholders in Scottish aquaculture. It proposes
to produce an ambitious strategy report that seeks
to identify the specific actions required to capture
the full value opportunity in the autumn of 2016.
According to Dennis Overton, We intend this
report to inspire ambition and follow-up from
multiple stakeholders in Scottish aquaculture
among them, SMEs, multinationals, industry
organisations, government, public bodies and
investors. All these stakeholders have a part to
play in generating substantial growth to 2030, and
the report will provide them with the vision, the
map and the tools to do so.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 3

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News

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Roy Palmer

Developing the sustainability of food systems, community

food justice, and public health success.

any people around the world,

some well-reasoned estimates
state in many countries the figure
can be as high as 50 percent, fall
on and below the poverty line;
in fact, many have felt starvation
many times. Statistically, a great many children below
five years of age are currently severely malnourished.
Although many are able to eat calorie sufficient diets
of mainly carbohydrates and fats, these diets contain
precious little protein, essential vitamins, minerals, and
trace elements that are vital for good physical growth
and development, and hence to health and learning
capabilities.
Let there be no misunderstanding - a poor diet means a
less healthy body
Unhealthy bodies are prone to illnesses, many
subclinical no symptoms, in character, and go
unheeded, partly because of poor knowledge arising
from lack of good education and instruction and, because
of poor access to health and other social services because
the poor have insufficient or no income.
Regrettably many of the Government policy makers
and program implementers collectively work guided by
informal, operating scripts formed in the organisational
psyche of many moons ago. These scripts allow
for more efficient but often mindless work. It does
so by eliminating careful and mindful attention to a
great amount of highly nuanced details that change
dramatically through time, sometimes abruptly.
This mindlessness allows many mistakes go unchecked.
They may even be rationalised with increasing bad
effects on our lives. Bureaucracies become efficient in
making obvious mistakes and common sense goes out
the window. Certainly we are seeing this with politics
right around the world at this time.
The bottom line is that the agriculture policies of
many current governments have helped to make food
environments less healthy for people. There is a need
for food systems to be reformed. Agriculture and farm
policies need to be aligned with national public health
and nutrition goals.
Currently there is a great disconnect between public
health diet-related diseases and agriculture policy
issues, but they are intimately connected. A systemic
strategy that simultaneously focuses on developing the

sustainability of food systems, community food justice,

and public health success would have multiple benefits
and allow for rich partnerships.
It is a slippery slide and it can be addressed and it is
important that the United Nations has stated that this
is an important goal amongst others in its Sustainable
Development Goals to be completed in Agenda 2030.
Things, however, continue to be positive for the AwF
with a number of activities and hopefully by the next
edition there will be some projects funded.
We have followed up the giant news from The Charity
Commission of the UK which confirmed the registration
of Aquaculture without Frontiers (UK), as a Charitable
Incorporated Organisation AwF (UK) CIO.
The organisation had its inaugural Board of Trustees
meeting on 15 April where Clifford Spencer was
appointed Chairman; Roger Gilbert his Deputy; Simon
Birks as Secretary; and Tuti Tan and Janice Spencer as the
Financial Task Force with myself (Global Management).
Darren Parris will head the UK Management Task Force
and will initially concentrate on connecting with the
milling and grain industry to establish the Milling for
Life program.
We are currently making changes to our website to
accommodate the UK operation so you might see some
subtle manoeuvres, but hopefully this will not be seen as
a distraction. We have not dropped any issue from the
website, just re-organised it.
AwF (UK) CIO will start to build on the strong
relationships that we have had in the past as well as new
alliances. For example through Cliff Spencers role with
UN and specifically his role as Goodwill Ambassador to
NEPAD we expect to have much closer ties with Africa.
The NEPAD Agency is the implementing agency of the
African Union that advocates for NEPAD, facilitates and
coordinates the development of NEPAD continent-wide
programs and projects, mobilises resources and engages
the global community, regional economic communities
and member states in the implementation of these
programs and projects.
There is a good fit between the organisations in that
NEPADs Investment Programs are:
Skills and Employment for Youth
Industrialisation, Science, Technology and
Innovation
Regional Integration, Infrastructure and Trade

4 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

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Roy Palmer is the Executive

Director at Aquaculture without
Frontiers, Executive Director at
Association of International Seafood
Professionals and Chairman at
Global Initiative for Life & leadership
through Seafood (GILLS)

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Following Professor Indah Susilowati

(Indonesia) as March Women of the Month
we have Professor Stella Williams now
retired from the Department of Agricultural
Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University
(OAU) formerly known as the University of
Ife in Nigeria as April Woman of the Month. I
am constantly inspired from reading the stories
about these women in aquaculture/fisheries
who make such a fabulous contribution to the
cause.
If you would like to nominate a woman to be
the next Woman of the Month, please check
the website for the criteria and nominate on the
form provided.
Our social media outreach continues to
expand and we are planning to add a regular
bi-monthly Newsletter to our communication
strategy very shortly so if you have any ideas
on articles, etc then please do not hesitate to
contact me.
@AwFComms

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Professor Stella Williams: woman of

the month

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Natural Resources, Governance and Food

Security
There will also be connections made
to the new National Aquaculture Centre,
which will be operating out of the Humber
Seafood Institute in Grimsby, and we will
start to create relationships with Universities
to enable their students to link into our
programs.
The next Board Meeting on my calendar will
be in Australia on May 9th 2016. We have all
Boards now on a three-month cycle to ensure
we are on top of all the important governance
issues as well as keeping everyone informed
on activities.
We had a great full day session at Asia Pacific
Aquaculture 2016, in Surabaya, Indonesia. It
was a great diverse list of presenters so looking
forward to co-chairing this with Dr Dinesh
Kaippilly.
The newly-formed partnership between
FAUs Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
(HBOI) and Aquaculture without Frontiers
(AwF) has submitted the final paperwork for
the Farmer to Farmer program in Kenya and
has been assembling a team of volunteers to
be ready to move. We have been building our
relationships with various organisations in
Kenya to ensure we are adding value to the
work there rather than re-inventing activities.

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News

Ioannis Zabetakis

Is fish really fattening?

rather interesting paper has been published recently on

the link between fish consumption during pregnancy and
child growth. According to the paper titled, Fish Intake in
Pregnancy and Child Growth: A Pooled Analysis of 15
European and US Birth Cohorts, the maternal fish intake
in pregnancy has been shown to influence fetal growth.
The objective of the authors was to examine whether fish intake in
pregnancy is associated with offspring growth and the risk of childhood
overweight and obesity. The authors carried out a population-based
birth cohort study of singleton deliveries from 1996 to 2011 in Belgium,
France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Spain, and US.
A total of 26 184 pregnant women and their children were followed up
at two-year intervals until the age of six years. The consumption of fish
during pregnancy was monitored. The authors estimated that offspring
body mass index (BMI) percentile trajectories from three months after
birth to six years of age.
They defined rapid infant growth as a weight gain z score greater than
0.67 from birth to two years and childhood overweight/obesity at four
and six years as body mass index in the 85th percentile or higher for age
and sex. The median fish intake during pregnancy ranged from 0.5 times/
week in Belgium to 4.45 times/week in Spain. Women who ate fish more
than three times/week during pregnancy, gave birth to offspring with
higher BMI values from infancy through middle childhood compared
with women with lower fish intake (three times/week or less).
High fish intake during pregnancy (More than three times/week) was
associated with an increased risk of rapid infant growth, with an adjusted
odds ratio (aOR) of 1.22 and increased risk of offspring overweight/
obesity at four years (aOR, 1.14) and six years (aOR, 1.22) compared
with an intake of once per week or less. The effect of high fish intake
during pregnancy on rapid infant growth was greater among girls (aOR,
1.31) than among boys (aOR, 1.11).
Let me explain at this point what Odds ratio (OR) is. The OR is a
measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. The
OR represents the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular
exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence
of that exposure. So, in other words, in the case of high fish intake (more
than times/week) and the associated risk of offspring overweight/obesity
at four years, where OR was found to be 1.14, with the probability of this
occuring is increased by 14 percent.
However, the extent to which fish intake affects childhood growth and
obesity remains unclear. Currently, we do not know the eating patterns of
the mothers, or their babies used in this study, their overall calorie intake,
their lifestyle etc.
Therefore, we need to be extremely cautious in linking fish consumption
to obesity so the answer to the question of the title of this article is
probably not.
ioannis.zabetakis@ul.ie
@yanzabet
After an Academic career spanning 12 years in the Univ.
of Athens, Ioannis joined University of Limerick (UL) as a
Lecturer on Food Lipids where the ongoing focus of his work
will be towards the cardioprotective properties of food lipids
with particular emphasis on dairy and aquaculture products.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 5

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News

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Alltech release first

global aquaculture
feed production
survey results

ollowing the highly regarded

annual Global Feed Survey
and based on several industry
requests, Alltech has completed
a deeper dive into analysing the
growing aquaculture feed sector and
the increased finisher feed prices
worldwide.
Aquaculture is the fastest growing
segment of the feed industry, said
Aidan Connolly, Alltechs chief
innovation officer and vice president
of corporate accounts.
According to the Food and
Agriculture Organisation, fish
consumption now exceeds beef
consumption per capita, and farmed
fish now exceed wild caught. The
scale of the industry is leading many
policymakers to question practices
and methods, particularly in regard to
sustainability.
When we published our 2016
Global Feed Survey, we were
presented with more questions
regarding the aquaculture sector than
any other species, continued Mr
Connolly.
This was further indication that
aqua generates a lot of interest.
No one else has investigated the
aquaculture industry in this way and
we thought it was time to fulfil that
need.
According to the Alltech 2016
Aquaculture Feed Survey, China was
the number one aqua feed producer
with 17.3 million tonnes at an average
cost per finisher diet of US$850

SAIC to co-fund
industry internships

he Scottish Aquaculture
Innovation Centre (SAIC)
is inviting applications from
businesses large and small for funding
support with BSc, MSc and PhD
graduate internships.
The co-funded internships are the
latest in a series of initiatives designed
to support the Scottish Aquaculture
2030 Vision for Growth and help
shape the industry leaders of the
future.

In 2015, China led global

aquaculture feed production
with 17.3 million tonnes at
an average cost per finisher
diet of US$850. Vietnam and
Norway followed with 2.8
and 1.789 million tonnes,
respectively; however, the
average finisher diets were
much higher in cost, with
According to the Alltech 2016 Aquaculture Feed
Vietnam at US$1333 and
Survey, China was the number one aquafeed
Norway at US$1100.
producer with 17.3 million tonnes at an average cost
per finisher diet of US$850
The most expensive finisher
diets originated from the
Asia-Pacific region, with Korea at
Brazil, which finished eighth in the
US$1800 and Japan at US$1700.
aqua feed survey, fed more than 25
Nearly 50 percent of survey responses different species of fish with its 0.940
indicated their regions aqua finisher
million tonnes in 2015. Deep-bodied
diets were more than US$1000 on
Amazonian breeds, Pirapitinga,
average.
Tambaqui and Pacu, constitute most
Essentially, it comes down to
of the Brazilian fish feed production.
imported raw materials, explained
We found that in Brazil, a major
Mr Connolly.
portion of feed production was
What is produced locally is often
not allocated to the typical species
in a protected marketplace regulated
produced by many other countries,
by government tariffs. The high feed
said Mr Connolly.
prices in this region, in particular
It turns out that over 40 percent of
Japan, are reflected in other species as Brazils feed production is allocated to
well, such as swine and poultry.
a variety of local, Amazonian species,
Shrimp accounted for 21 percent of
such as Pacu, Tambaqui, Tambacu and
aqua feed production worldwide, with Tambatinga.
82 percent coming from Asia (India at
Alltechs overall 2016 Global Feed
66 percent, Thailand at 42 percent and Survey estimated international feed
Indonesia at 33 percent). Salmon feed
tonnage is now at 995.6 million metric
production represented 11 percent of
tons, a percent increase over last
total aqua feed production, and at 52
year and a 14 percent increase since
percent, Europe was the number one
Alltech first published Global Feed
player in this species sector.
Survey results in 2011. The analysis
Other top species in terms of feed
of five-year trends showed growth
production include:
predominantly from the pig, poultry
Carp (China at 62 percent)
and aqua feed sectors.
Catfish (US at 40 percent, Vietnam
See the complete results of the
at 36 percent and Bangladesh at 35
Alltech 2016 Aquaculture Feed
percent)
Survey, with data and analyses at
Trout (Peru at 74 percent)
http://go.alltech.com/aquafeedsurvey
SAIC will contribute UK5000
towards the cost of up to five 12 to
18-month graduate internships, as well
as providing two one-day workshops:
one delivering training on CV writing
and interview techniques; the other an
entrepreneurship and innovation day.
Explains SAIC CEO Heather Jones:
SAIC is working closely with the
Scottish aquaculture industry to
identify what more we can do to help
ensure that businesses have access to
the skills they need to thrive, now and
in the future. These new co-funded
internships will connect emerging
talent with innovative industry projects,

delivering real value to the companies

involved, the sector as a whole and
graduates looking to advance their
careers. This, in turn, will help forge
even stronger links between businesses
and academia in Scotland.
While it is anticipated that each
internship will be as individual as the
company applying, all must include
full-time work for 12 to 18 months;
a defined project that will deliver
real value for the company and equip
graduates with essential business
skills; and an assigned mentor or
supervisor within the company.
http://bit.ly/1rX43j8

6 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

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he Aquaculture
Stewardship
Council (ASC)
announced that Taylor
Shellfish Farms has
become the first US grower
to achieve responsible
aquaculture certification
for a farming operation in
Washington State.
The Shelton, Washington
State based company
received ASC Bivalve
Certification for its
operation in the South
Puget Sound basin, which
comprises the Hood Canal
and the area south of the
Tacoma Narrows, including
Olympia and Shelton. The
certification was achieved
after an on-site assessment
by independent auditors
SCS Global Services.
Chris Ninnes, ASCs CEO,
announced the companys
certification on March 7th during Seafood Expo North
America in Boston, Massachusetts.
The ASC is an independent, not-for-profit organisation
co-founded by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and The
Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH) in 2010 to manage the
certification of responsible fish farming across the globe.
An independent, international organisation, the ASC aims
to transform the aquaculture industry to a higher standard
through a global certification and labelling program
with a focus on good management practices, including
the conservation and quality of water resources. The
certification system meets international codes of good
conduct, including FAO Guidelines for eco-labelling and
ISEAL Standard Setting Codes.
Taylor Shellfish Farms is dedicated to providing
our customers with the freshest, highest quality
shellfish available and doing so in ways that respect the
environment, our communities and the people who work
for us, said Bill Taylor, company CEO.
We believe the ASC to be the gold standard for assessing
shellfish farm performance, and we are very gratified to
have completed the work to become the first farm in the
US to achieve this certification.
This achievement distinguishes Taylor Shellfish as
an innovator in the seafood market and is proof of their
strong commitment to responsible farming and good social
practices, said Chris Ninnes, CEO of the ASC.
We are thrilled they have become the first farm in
the United States to join the programme. The US is a
hugely important market in terms of global aquaculture
consumption and, by partnering with industry leaders
such as Taylor Shellfish, we can make a strong case that
responsibly farmed fish is better for business and better for
the environment.
The company says it will actively pursue certification for
all its farm operations in Washington State.
The ASC Bivalve Standards evaluates the performance

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News

of shellfish operations against

criteria related to the natural
environment and biodiversity;
water resources and water
quality; species diversity,
including wild populations;
disease and pest management
and resource efficiency. The
standards also address social
issues related to a companys
engagement and support of
local communities and the
quality of the workplace for
employees.
The ASC bivalve standard
was finalised in 2012 and
the first shellfish farm was
certified in South America in
2014.
Consumers, wholesalers
and retailers increasingly
want to understand and
validate how the products
they sell or consume come to
market, Taylor said.
The ASCs independence,
high standards and transparent process provide a strong
assurance that companies that pursue certification take
responsible shellfish farming very seriously.
Credibility and independence, core values of the ASC,
are underpinned by the transparency of the audit process.
ASC does not audit the farms itself and the standard is
also completely independent of the seafood industry.
Assessment and verification of compliance is performed
by an external, third-party auditors known as a certification
body. The certification bodies are in turn accredited and
monitored by Accreditation Service International (ASI),
an independent, international organisation associated with
ISEAL.
Meaningful engagement is also built into the ASC
certification program and public feedback and input from
stakeholders is actively solicited during the certification
process. Every audit report is made public on the ASCs
website, allowing for stakeholder input through a public
comment period, a unique feature of the ASC program, to
ensure that the principles of inclusiveness and openness are
preserved.
These principles are also enshrined within the ASCs
organisational structure and approach. Everything from
standard setting to certification is done in a transparent
manner. The ASC engages with NGOs, academic experts
and non-profits to ensure that the standards remain
meaningful and robust.
Despite the fact that the first farm only entered
assessment in late 2012, at the time of writing there are
243 ASC certified farms in 27 countries and over 100
more in assessment. Certification is available for the most
in-demand seafood and the program has an estimated
total production volume of more than one million tons.
Consumers can enjoy ASC certified products in more than
54 countries and the program continues to grow to meet
global demand.
www.asc-aqua.org

Taylor Shellfish first farm

to achieve Aquaculture
Stewardship Council
certification

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 7

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An inspirational advocate for

gender equality in Africa

quaculture without Frontiers Woman of the Month

award for April goes to Professor Stella Williams
now retired from the Department of Agricultural
Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) formerly
known as the University of Ife in Nigeria. Stella is a truly
outstanding scholar, activist and policy advisor on gender and
Fisheries Economics in Nigeria.
Women make highly significant but undervalued contributions
to the fisheries and aquaculture sector
nationally. However, their contributions are
only slowly being recognised and still lags
behind in rural and peri-urban communities all
over Nigeria.
Stella Williams has been an advocate of
gender and social equity perspectives in
numerous development projects across Nigeria
and the African continent. Early in her career,
she concentrated her research efforts on value
addition along supply chains in the fishing
industry but later broadened her research scope
to include the study of women in fisheries and
aquaculture.
In the last thirty-five years, her primary
research and developmental work focused
on investigating viable frameworks for user
participation in fisheries and aquaculture management, fisheries
governance through integration of stakeholders knowledge and
enhancement of livelihoods and economic development of rural
artisanal fisher-folks, in particular the women and children that
are often left out in fisheries policy in Nigeria.
Stella Williams is a passionate advocate for the education of
girls and educational empowerment for women in agriculture.
She is renowned for mentoring many students and has been
instrumental in sourcing funding for them to attend conferences.
Stella designed, advocated for and influenced the inclusion of a
new course into the curriculum titled Introduction to Fisheries
and Aquaculture as a compulsory course in the Faculty of
Agriculture at OAU.
As a result of the newly introduced course, a number of her
undergraduate students who took the course have set up and

Nutriad appoints
Area Managers for
China

ultinational feed additive

producer Nutriad has
appointed Eric Han and
Hans Bai as Area Managers for
the Northern and Central Region
in China. As the company aims
to further grow its market share in
China, the best talents are invited to
be part of the expansion of the Nutriad
China team.
BK Chew, APAC Director Nutriad,
commented that Asia Pacific is a

are successfully running commercial fish farms in Nigeria

after graduation. She is proud that some of her students
have managed to secure jobs in government and prestigious
institutions such as the World Bank enabling them to highlight
issues surrounding primary industries.
Stella Williams has served on various International, Regional
and National Boards where she has assisted in addressing
and mainstreaming gender issues. For example, she served
on the Executive Committee of IIFET from 1988 to 1992
and discovered that there were very few Africans on the
membership roster of IIFET.
She successfully worked with the Board to increase the
participation of African members in successive
conferences by promoting IIFET not only
in Nigeria but also throughout the African
Continent. Her presentation in Tromso,
Norway was a ground-breaking moment and
now, making special presentations on gender
perspectives in fisheries and aquaculture
is an accepted research area of interest as
demonstrated at IIFETs first sub-Saharan
African meeting in Tanzania.
While serving on the WorldFish Center Board
of Trustees, her primary contribution to the
Board was providing the gender perspective
needed to enhance the scientific study of
fisheries and aquaculture. Similar to her work
at IIFET, she helped highlight the research
that showed that aside from being processors
and marketers of fish; women were also artisanal fisher-folks.
She helped generate the NEPAD (New Partners in African
Development) continent-wide policy development that firmly
put fish on the agenda for the first time.
Prof Williams is a Fellow of Fisheries Society of Nigeria,
African Association of Agricultural Economics, a Fulbright
Fellow, 2003-2004 and Vice President, Mundus maris asbl
(www.mundusmaris.org).
She is the Founder of the Nigerian Women in Agricultural
Research for Development - NiWARD (www,niward.org),
an intiative for Nigerian African Women in Agricultural
Research and Development beneficiaries, AWARD (www.
awardfellowships.org) to share their knowledge and skills for
the agricultural transformation agenda nationally with rural
communities.

focus region in Nutriads strategic

growth plans and China is the main
growth engine within APAC. The
appointment of Eric Han and Hans
Bai as Area Managers will enable
increased support to our existing
customers and partners and promote
further growth.
Eric Han joins Nutriad with
extensive experience in the feed
additive business and brings an
excellent understanding of the
industry and customer needs. Hans
Bai has a long track record with
multinational feed companies
and combines both technical and
commercial skills.
Said Eric Han, I look forward

to joining the Nutriad Asia team.

Nutriad has a reputation for innovative
products and its attractive portfolio
allows us to offer real solutions to our
customers.
Hans Bai added, Nutriads ongoing investments in China, to drive
aggressive growth, makes joining
Nutriad an exciting next step in my
career.
Nutriad, headquartered in Belgium,
provides feed additives and services
to over 80 countries worldwide
through a network of own offices
and distributors, supported by
4 application laboratories and 5
manufacturing facilities located on 3
continents.

8 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

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Brakes offers ASC certified prawns to its 50,000 customers

rakes Group has become the

first foodservice supplier
to introduce Aquaculture
Stewardship Council (ASC) certified
prawns in the UK. Launched at the end
of March, Brakes new ASC certified
warm water prawns (F114100 M&J
Seafood ASC King Prawns, 1kg nett
(31-40/lb)) are a natural compliment
to its already industry leading range of
sustainably and responsibly sourced
fish and seafood.
Now thousands of customers at
pubs, hotels, restaurants, schools and
hospitals across the UK will enjoy
prawns and basa sourced from farms
that care for the environment, the
people and local communities.
Responsible sourcing is a key
element of Brakes strategy. Andrew
Crawford, Fish & Seafood Category
Manager for Brakes, explained how
the foodservice provider is looking
to grow its range of ASC certified
products, starting with the new warm
water prawns.
We want to be seen as market
leaders in the provision of sustainably
and responsibly sourced fish and
seafood, driving the foodservice
market in the right direction and the
introduction of ASC certified products
into our product range will help us to
do this, Mr Crawford said.
We are proud to offer the biggest
range of sustainable fish and seafood
in the UK and we also work closely
with our customers to help them meet
their own commitments. Ultimately,
sourcing sustainably and responsibly
is the right thing to do.

Committed to responsibly
farmed seafood

In May 2015 Brakes became the

first national wholesale foodservice
supplier to sign the Sustainable Fish
City pledge, committing to source fish
and seafood only from demonstrably
sustainable and responsible sources
for its own brand, general sale range
by May 2016.

As a further extension of their

commitment to protect the marine
environment, Brakes have also added
three lines of ASC certified pangasius
basa to their product offerings this
month.
We are gradually tailoring our
range to fulfil our commitment and
the new ASC certified shrimp and
pangasius will help in this process.
We have a long history of sustainable
fish and seafood initiatives and
accomplishments, and looking at our
farmed range is the next logical step,
continued Mr Crawford.
Its a significant moment to have
the first ASC certified prawn in UK
foodservice now available. The
commitment by Brakes to offer not
only shrimp, but also ASC certified
basa, is a strong example that
responsible aquaculture is good for
business, said Esther Luiten, Senior
Commercial Marketing Manager for
ASC.
By choosing ASC certified species,
Brakes is supporting farms that
protect the environment while offering
their customers a responsible choice.
Pubs, schools and others food
service providers that source ASC
certified products from Brakes can

apply for an ASC Chain of Custody

Certification, which would allow them
to use the consumer facing logo. The
ASC logo recognises and rewards
those who prioritise responsible
aquaculture. Furthermore, the logo
lets customers know that their
meal originates from a responsible
source and gives them confidence
that their purchase makes a positive
contribution to the health of our
oceans, local ecosystems and workers
rights.

Traceability assurance

The ASC certified prawns are

sourced from the Vietnamese shrimp
farm, Quoc Viet. The family run
business was the first Asian shrimp
farm to gain ASC certification
following independent assessment
against the ASC Shrimp Standard.
ASC labelled seafood can be traced
back through the supply chain to a
responsibly managed fish farm. In
order to achieve chain of custody
certification each company in
the supply chain must meet strict
requirements and have in place
traceability systems that ensure no
product mixing or substitutions can
occur.

Do you want more industry news?

The Aquaculturists blog is part of International Aquafeed magazine. While the bi-monthly magazine covers
aquafeed issues in-depth, the Aquaculturists takes a lighter approach. Our columnists have a keen eye for
the most interesting, relevant and (lets face it) bizarre aquaculture stories from across the world.
Each weekday we scour the internet for top-notch news and package it for your perusal in one neat daily
digest. We welcomed over 25,000 unique visitors to our blog this past month.

http://theaquaculturists.blogspot.co.uk

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 9

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Five years after Tsunami, Miyagi

Prefecture Fisheries Cooperative
Oyster farms celebrate ASC
certification

ust five years after the east coast of Japan was

devastated by a tsunami, the Miyagi Prefecture
Fisheries are stronger than ever and celebrating a
major milestone.
The Shizugawa Branch of the Miyagi Prefecture Fisheries
Co-operative became the first farming collective in Japan
to achieve ASC certification on 30 March, 2016. Following
an independent assessment against the ASC Bivalve
Standard by AMITA, a certification assessment body based
in Japan, the co-operative earned ASC certification in
recognition of their responsible environmental and social
practices.
The accredited farms are situated just off the Pacific
Ocean coastline in the southern half of Shizugawa Bay
in Togura, Minamisanriku Town, northeast of the Miyagi
Prefecture, in northern Japan. Aquaculture in the region
dates back to 1899 and has withstood many tsunamis over
the centuries. However, most of the aquaculture facilities
along this area, including those in the Miyagi Prefecture
Fisheries, were destroyed by the tsunami that followed the
devastating Thoku earthquake in March 2011.
Toshio Sasaki of Miyagi Fishery Cooperative said,
We are so happy about gaining this certification. We
members of Shizugawa Fishery Cooperative Association
lost everything in the tsunami, not only all our farming
facilities but our homes as well as family and friends.
Fortunately the family members and small children who
survived the tsunami gave us hope to start again.
Prior to the tsunami, smallholders ran intensive family
farms on small sea surfaces which were overcrowded and
unsustainable. Starting over provided an opportunity to
introduce responsible practices.

US FDA import
tolerance for salmon
products achieved
by Fish Vet Group

ish Vet Group (FVG), a

Benchmark Holdings company,
have today announced that after
working closely with the US Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) for more
than five years they have successfully
obtained an import tolerance for
azamethiphos, the active ingredient
in Benchmarks sea lice treatments,
Salmosan, Salmosan Vet and
Byelice.
The FDA import tolerance
assessment process is one of
the most rigorous in the world,
assessing the safety, residue and

To that end, the local community joined forces with

World Wildlife Fund Japan (WWF) to revive the seabed
using best practices; including reducing production outputs
by a third each year in order establish a thriving and
balanced base of aquaculture production. To better manage
the farms and the updated farming methods, the farms
joined together to form a co-operative, known as Miyagi
Prefecture Fisheries Co-operative, Shizugawa Branch.
The co-operative participated in three-year pilot
programme funded by a state government grant. At the end
of the pilot, families were encouraged to manage their own
farms, in accordance with the new responsible farming
practices to aid the recovery of the fragile ecosystem.
Our place of work is the sea and after the tsunami it was
hard to return to sea farming again. Not all of us came
back of course. Many older members left the fishery, said
Toshio.
Members who decided to stay had a lot of discussion
about farming practices for the future. We decided to set up
a sustainable farming area in order for the farming to carry
on into the next generation. We reduced farming facilities
to one third of that before the earthquake and the quality of
the Oysters improved. It now takes one year until harvest
where before it took three.
According to Toshio, We applied for ASC certification
thanks to the great connection with WWF Japan. The ASC
certification for our Oysters fulfils a long cherished wish
and we are grateful to all the great people who gave us
guidance to get the certificate.
According to Haruko Horii, S
tandards and Certification
Coordinator at ASC, This achievement is a great example
of the resilience of the fisheries community in Myagi.
They are succeeding by not only rebuilding their
community, they are also improving it. I am very happy
to finally see the first certified farm in Japan coming from
this area, and I believe ASC certification will bring further
benefit to the community and hope for the future.

environmental impact of food

products imported into the US. The
import tolerance has come into
immediate effect.
This is a major step forward for
Atlantic Salmon producers, the
problem of sea lice is an increasing
welfare issue and costs the industry
more than US$500m per year. Global
production of farmed Atlantic salmon
is approximately two million tonnes,
and of this volume more than 10
percent is exported to the US market
annually. Producers can now select
from stock treated with any of the
current Benchmark sea lice products
available on the market today for
export to the US.
Previously, under US Federal
regulations, producers were forced
to segregate their stocks with USdestined cages that would not be

treated for sea lice. When all cages

cannot be strategically treated as
part of an effective Integrated Pest
Management plan, the untreated
sites act as reservoirs for sea lice,
resulting in the areas sea lice
population life cycle remaining
unbroken and driving resistance
development.
John Marshall, Technical Director
said Salmon farmers in Norway,
Chile, Canada, Faroe Islands, UK
and Ireland now have the freedom
to develop a robust treatment and
management plan for all of their
facilities and export salmon treated
with Salmosan, Salmosan Vet and
Byelice with confidence.
This move supports Benchmarks
commitment to building a sustainable
food chain by offering progressive
aquaculture health solutions.

10 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

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Life, made easier

- Jefo seminar in Thailand

efo launched its Thai office on March 28, 2016 at a

hotel in Thailand with a new corporate slogan: Life,
made easier - for producers, veterinarians, feed
manufacturers and consumers.
A seminar on Innovative Solutions and New Approaches
To Solve Animal Health Concerns was organised.
More than 55 individuals from Thailand as well as from
Bangladesh, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam
attended the event.
Mr Didier Arnaud, Sales Director, Asia mentioned that
the urge to stay closer to partners and bringing quality
service at their doorsteps are major motivations to open the
office. The office will serve as a hub to offer timely service
to the South and South-east Asian region.
Mr Jean-Cristophe Bodin, Innovation & Development
Director of Jefo, discussed transformation to the solutions
based approach from products. With its diversified range of
products from protease to acidifiers to amino acids to toxic
binders, Jefo can now provide solutions for a wide range of
issues that the industry is facing.
Dr Jowmann Khajarern, a professor from Khon Kaen
University discussed feed formulation and management
strategies in poultry and swine under tropical conditions.
She emphasised better genetics, better quality feed,
efficient environmental and feed management are key for
maintaining healthy and happy animals. Additives such
as acidifiers and enzymes are important to combat many

problems the industry is facing today.

Dr Kabir Chowdhury, Global Technical Manager of
Aquaculture discussed the Jefo solution targeting protein
optimisation and feed cost reduction available for the
industry. He emphasised that cost of proteins is the major
cost to produce animal and animal feed. He added that
optimisation of protein using protease enzymes not only
reduces the cost of feed and animal production but also
helps in nitrogenous waste reduction.
Dr Glenmer Tactacan, Technical Specialist, Jefo and
Mr Jean Christophe Bodin also discussed solutions and
strategies for antibiotic free production and AGP reduction
in poultry and swine production. Controlling salmonella
and E. coli is a huge challenge for the industry and Jefo can
provide cost-effective and timely solutions with its range of
organic acid and essential oil products developed based on
its own micro-matrix technology.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 11

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Indonesian government meets Scottish

traceability business to eliminate illegal fishing

he Indonesian Minister of Marine Affairs and

Fisheries, Susi Pudjiastuti, has met with UK-based
traceability software provider Traceall Global as
part of a visit programme to Scotland to launch a project
that aims to reduce illegal fishing, which is costing
Indonesia US$20bn a year*.
Illegal fishing in Indonesian waters is a huge issue for
the governments Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
(MMAF). Although currently capturing 1.5 tonnes of
illegal fish annually** it faces difficulties in tracking
vessels around the countrys islands and archipelagos.
As part of her visit, the Ministry signed a Memorandum
of Understanding (MOU) to work with, Glasgow based,
Traceall Global to carry out an initial pilot project aimed at
reducing illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU).
The aim of the full rollout of Traceall Globals FishTrace
Technology will be to use advanced monitoring and
traceability technology to eliminate IUU completely.

depleted stocks in Indonesian waters, we have been

destroying the illegal fishing vessels, however this is
not something we can sustain. The traceability software
we are using via Traceall Global will help us eliminate
IUU and provide full traceability throughout our supply
chain.
Traceall Global CEO, Alan Steele, said: Since seeing
my own local fishing community in Scotland deplete
30 years ago, it has been my passion to put fish back in
our oceans. To achieve this we have been working with
partners around the world, combatting IUU, slavery and
unsustainable overfishing.
It is truly compelling to see such commitment and proactivity from the Indonesian Government, as they seek to
work together with us and the fishing fleets in Indonesia
to remove all illegal fishing and slavery. It has been a
privilege to host Minister Susi Pudjiastuti in Scotland
and plan how Traceall Global can help her achieve her
objective of eliminating
IUU completely.
The Indonesian
Government met with
Traceall Global for the
MOU signing in Glasgow
on Thursday 21st April,
and then will travel to
Edinburgh where over
100 Indonesian students
will meet with Susi
Pudjiastuti. To support
the implementation
of the Traceall Global
traceability system
in Indonesia the
business will initially
be employing two
Indonesian Business
students to work with
the team from their
headquarters in Glasgow
with the aim of growing
the team significantly as
the project rolls out.
Pictured signing papers at the Scottish Enterprise offices in Glasgow today, L to R: Susi Pudjiastuti
This week Bali
(Indonesian Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries), Dr Ir Slamet (Director General of Aquaculture) Agus
Suherman (Director of Fishing Ports) and Allan Steele (CEO Traceall Global)
Seafoods has also signed
a MOU with Traceall
Global to install their
Traceall Global will work with the Indonesian Government traceability software into four processing plants that are in
to develop an electronic fisheries management logbook,
development in Indonesia. This will be one of the first fully
eliminating the existing paper based logging process
integrated traceability systems in Indonesia reflecting the
moving all data capture to 24-hour real time systems. The
Governments regulations on IUU.
new systems will be implemented on all Indonesian fishing
In Europe Traceall Global has previously worked with
vessels to support the tracking and traceability of their
the EU Government to develop the European Commission
fishing catch and achieve the Indonesian Governments
laws on Food Traceability. It has also helped the UK
objective of stopping illegal fishing.
Government (DEFRA) create electronic traceability
Indonesian Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries,
standards for the UK fishing industry, to eliminate illegal
Susi Pudjiastuti, said: Illegal fishing is a massive issue
fishing and over-fishing, which resulted in a 100 percent
in Indonesia which is currently costing the Indonesian
reduction.
economy US$20bn each year. In order to protect the
(Sources: * Financial Times ** World Ocean Review)
12 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

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Better digestion for better feed efficiency

Add the power of Phytogenics
to your diet:
A unique blend of herbs, essential
oils and functional flavors
Proven in science and practice
Tailored to the animals needs

digestarom.biomin.net
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WORLDWIDE CALENDAR
2016 - 2018
VIV ASIA 2017

MARCH 15 - 17, BANGKOK, THAILAND

VIV MEA 2018

FEBRUARY, U. A. E.

VIV EUROPE 2018

JUNE 20 - 22, UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS

VIV CHINA 2016

SEPTEMBER 6 - 8, BEIJING, CHINA

VIV RUSSIA 2017

MAY 23-25, MOSCOW, RUSSIA*

*May 23: invitation only

WWW.VIV.NET
International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 13

VIV TURKEY 2017

APRIL 27 - 29, ISTANBUL, TURKEY

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ASC release terms of reference for marine finfish

standard development

he Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC)

has released Terms of Reference (ToR) for the
development of new marine finfish standards.
The announcement was made against the backdrop of
Seafood Expo Global 2016 in Brussels and represents a
first for the ASC. The ToR advocates the development of
standards for new marine finfish species based on the soon
to be released standard for seriola and cobia.
Because the knowledge and expertise necessary for the
development of standards for seriola, cobia and, in come
cases salmon, is applicable to the development of standards
for similar fish and farming systems, the forthcoming
release of the seriola and cobia standard creates an
opportunity to test the applicability of the standard to
expand the programme. This is the first time the ASC has
taken such an approach.
The increasing demand for healthy protein has lead to
a steep rise in aquaculture production around the world,
said Chris Ninnes, CEO of ASC.
With fish increasingly becoming essential to global food
supply, concerns about the effects of fish farming on people
and the ecosystem have escalated. Ensuring people those
who work on the farm and those living in the surrounding
community are protected from harmful practices is
paramount for businesses; and a key feature of the ASC
standards. It is therefore important that the ASC establishes
standards for fish types not currently covered by the

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FARM CERTIFICATION

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COMMUNITY TO CELEBRATE
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Deadline: 30 June 2016
www.globalgap.org/gapawards2016

programme to further protect the aquatic environment and

make sure that farms operate to the best social standard.
The ToR is a direct result of the many requests ASC
has received to create a standard for barramundi,
European seabass and seabream. If it is determined that
using the seriola and cobia standard is feasible this will
provide a quicker route to the creation of standards for
new species.
As a market-based programme, the ASC must find
ways to effectively respond to the needs of the growing
community of farms and retail partners seeking
certification for an increasing range of species. This
new process could be an innovative way to leverage
efficiencies across the organisation in order to respond
more quickly to calls for new standards that will help
farmers, workers, local communities and improve
environmental protection.
The ASC standards address the negative impacts
of fish farming, including dependence on fish for
feed; inadequate supply of seed; lack of appropriate
techniques; discharges of organic matters, phosphorus,
and nitrogen; fish escapes; transfer of diseases parasites
between farmed and wild fish; and introduction of nonindigenous species. It also mandates that all workers
have freedom of association, employment contracts
inline with ILO regulations, no child-labour and that the
communities in which farms are situated be consulted
on farm operations.
As part of a comprehensive programme that expands the
use of responsible practices in the aquaculture industry,
the ASC makes a significant contribution to mitigating
negative impacts on the water, especially in countries
where best practices for environmental and social
responsibility are not yet the norm. A unique feature of the
programme is the use of performance metrics to measure
impacts of farming.
The ToR for marine finfish will officially begin with
a field test of the seriola and cobia standard on selected
finfish farms that have informed the ASC that they wish to
be included in these initial pilots. No certificate is expected
from the preliminary field-testing, however the results will
help identify gaps between the existing seriola and cobia
standard and what may be necessary to create a robust
certification for other marine finfish. The feasibility of
addressing these gaps will be evaluated, changes will be
proposed and consulted on and a process to operationalise
the new standard will be developed.
In the event that the pilot demonstrates that the use of the
seriola and cobia standard is not feasible, the results of the
pilot would provide important information to speed up the
development of on-going and future standard development
processes.
This ToR and associated pilot activity will also inform the
emerging structure of ASCs core standard development.
The document is now open for public comments and all
feedback should be submitted using the form provided
in the Annex to the ToR on the ASC website. Farms
wishing to engage in the pilot assessments should contact
an accredited certifier to undertake the audit and register
interest with the ASC.

14 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

ROteINSECT fish feeding trials demonstrated insect

meal can replace up to 50 percent of feed without
affecting animal performance.
PROteINSECT pig feeding trials revealed improved
gut health in piglets. PROteINSECT poultry feeding
trials showed that chickens fed on insect-containing diets
performed as well as those fed on commercial diets
Following three years of international research into the
potential of insect protein in animal feed, the EC-funded
PROteINSECT project has published a White Paper setting
out recommendations for future use of this additional
protein source in Europe.
Since 2013, experts from Europe, China and Africa have
been investigating the use of two species of fly larvae in
the diets of chicken, pigs and fish, carrying out feeding
trials and analysing quality and safety of rearing farmed
flies on organic waste substrates such as manure.
Their research findings are summarised in the White
Paper published on 27 April along with recommended next
steps to help European policy makers, legislators, industry
and consumers grasp the insect opportunity.
The document, titled Insect Protein Feed for the
Future: Addressing the need for feeds of the future today,
encompasses safety, nutritional value, environmental
impact, commercialisation and consumer acceptance of
insect protein in animal feed. It endorses two key actions:
1. A review of Regulation EC 999/2001 and Regulation
EC 1069/2009, which prohibit a) the use of insects as a
source of protein for animal feed for animals raised for
human consumption; and b) the rearing of insects on
manure or catering waste, respectively
2. A commitment to undertake the necessary research to
ensure that the required evidence is available for the
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to carry out
a full risk profile for insects reared on organic wastes
(building on EFSAs Risk profile related to production
and consumption of insects as food and feed published
in October 2015).
Dr Elaine Fitches, PROteINSECT project co-ordinator,
said, We are delighted to share our White Paper as a key
stepping stone towards furthering our understanding of the
potential for the use of insects in animal feed in Europe.
Copies of the White Paper have been distributed to key
members of the European Parliament and it was formally
presented at PROteINSECTs final conference in Brussels
on 27 April.
PROteINSECTs White Paper is designed to safeguard
the impact and legacy of its research, ensuring that the
potential of insects to make a valuable contribution to
existing and future animal feed demand in Europe is fully
realised.
The protein gap in Europe is a very real risk to social,
economic and environmental progress, said Dr Fitches.
As we seek sustainable European long term solutions we
must consider the benefits that the introduction of insects specifically fly larvae - could have on the content of animal
feed.
International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 15

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PROteINSECT projects key publication

recommends review of insect protein legislation &
funding to help address European protein deficit

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White Paper published on insect

protein for feed

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Funding awarded for research

into sea lice impact on
aquaculture

lymouth University and the Universidad de Chile

are leading a new research project to investigate
the issue of sea lice infestation that is costing the
Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry millions of pounds in
lost stock and treatment strategies.
The two year project will bring together experts across
biotechnology, microbiology, immunology and pathology
to study the effect that the lice have upon the salmons skin
and gut defences and the way it hampers physiological
processes and their ability to withstand other infections.
Funded by a UK385,000 grant from the Biotechnology

L to R: William Currie, Rafael Opazo, Daniel Merrifield, Vernica

Cornejo, Martin Llewellyn, Ted Henry and Jaime Romero

and Biological Sciences Research Council and the Chilean

government (CONICYT), the project will identify which
factors are involved in determining salmon susceptibility
to lice in order to develop effective measures to address
this increasingly global issue, one that costs the UK
aquaculture sector alone more than UK20 million
annually.
Dr Daniel Merrifield, Lecturer in Fish Health and
Nutrition at the Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health
Research Facility at Plymouth University, said: Copepod

Great ambitions behind new

local biotech production

parasites (sea lice) are a major factor limiting growth in

the global salmonid aquaculture sector. Economic losses
associated with infections cost the Chilean aquaculture
industry in excess of US$120 million per year, and it
represents a major risk for global food security.
Current strategies to control sea lice have included the
administration of a number of licensed and antiparasitic
drugs, but the parasites have become increasingly resistant,
leaving salmon farms vulnerable to infestation. It also
threatens related industries such as traditional fisheries due
to the potential transfer of infection from cultured fish to
those in the wild.
Plymouth academics will work with colleagues at the
Universities of Aberdeen (Prof Sam Martin), Glasgow
(Dr Martin Llewellyn), Heriot Watt (Dr Ted Henry), and
the Universidad de Chile (Dr Jaime Romero) and key
industrial partners including BioMar, Lallemand and
Veterquimica, to examine what impact the sea lice have
upon the skin mucus which forms the fishs first line of
defence, and how the salmon responds to that infestation.
Dr Jaime Romero said: Our main goal is to explore the
relationship between mucosal health, diet and microbiota
in salmon, with knowledge then being transferred to other
aquaculture species in the North African/Middle Eastern
aquaculture sectors, including sea breams, European/Asian
sea basses, mullets, and groupers.
Understanding both lice and salmon responses to
infection will lead to the development of novel feed
ingredients that will benefit the industry added Dr John
Tinsley from BioMar.
The researchers will then look at the efficacy of dietary
supplements on the fishs immune system, the microbes
on its skin and its ability to develop resistance to sea lice
infestation as well as investigating the impact of dietary
supplements upon the lice. These findings will then be
validated on a commercial farming scale to help inform
suitable future treatment strategies for aquaculture to
improve the salmons resistance to infestation.
Heather Jones, CEO of the Scottish Aquaculture
Innovation Centre, who has previously highlighted that the
control of sea lice is a high priority, said The project will
have important implications as to what the most efficient
sea louse control strategies are for Scotland and Ireland.
http://salmonlousemicrobiome.org

Unibio CEO Henrik Busch-Larsen

he biotech company Unibio, which won the

Danish Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year
competition in 2015, is to construct new production
facilities in Kalundborg, Denmark.
The facilities - which are to employ unique new
technology to produce sustainable protein for animal feed will be built in connection with Kalundborgs former water
purifying plant.
The new production facilities will be built in cooperation
with Cowi and CKJ Steel, among others, and construction
is expected to be finished by end-2016.
CEO Henrik Busch-Larsen states that Unibios
technology has great global perspectives. A major
capital round is already being planned, and Unibio

makes no attempt to hide that the company aims for a

future IPO. Henrik Busch-Larsen goes on to say that the
entire production from the future production facilities in
Kalundborg has already been sold to a Danish animal feed
producer.

16 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

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nvironmental and energy sustainability are two

major challenges for the aquaculture sector.
Electricity costs - together with feedstock and
temperature control - have become one of the factors with
the highest impact on final consumer price.
In addition, it is crucial to keep dissolved oxygen levels
constant during finfish production, making it essential to
use water aeration systems which have high rates of energy
consumption. Aiming to solve this major challenge for the
sector, the LIFE AQUASEF project is working on oxygen
production through the most efficient alternative techniques.
One partner in the project, D&B Tech, has developed
two prototypes: MicroBtech, especially designed for
reproduction and pre-fattening modules; and O2BT,
specifically for fattening aquaculture ponds. They employ
a cross-flow system in which air and water are pumped
through conduits into a specially designed membrane to
generate small bubbles with an associated reduction in
energy consumption. As expert Javier Dvila points out,
the secret is in the size of the bubble, which is minimal.

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Eco-efficient systems reduce

energy consumption by up to 30%

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It is important to stress that the technology has been

tested under real productive conditions in the facilities of
another partner, Esteros de Canela (Ayamonte, Huelva).
This farm manages the entire production cycle from
hatchery to on-growing stages, which has allowed it to
work with the two prototypes.
Two grills with six aerators have been tested, each one
with two floats to keep aeration systems at the desired
depth inside the tank, details Mr Dvila.
Results from MicroBTech testing have shown a better
dissolution of oxygen bubbles at depth, preventing the gas
losses associated with conventional devices (ceramic and
porous membrane among others). O2BTech, the outdoor
prototype, has successfully replaced commercial oxygen
with atmospheric oxygen, thanks to the high transfer
efficiency of gas in the device.
These aerators provide an economic and sustainable
alternative for the aquaculture sector by allowing
producers to replace commercial oxygen with atmospheric
oxygen with the same oxygen capacity as current
techniques. Besides, energy savings with this technology
are up to 30 percent of the original cost resulting from the
energy needed to aerate the tank, he concludes.

www.aquasef.com

AQUACULTURE TRAINING
In the EU, approximately 75 percent of the
industrially produced compound feed is pelleted.
Highest demands are put on quality. An essential
evaluation criterion for pellet
quality is abrasion stability.
A multitude of influencing
factors must be paid attention
to, like eg physical and
chemical properties of the
feed formulation, steam
quality, conditioning,
operating parameters of pellet
mills, cooling, as well as
stability of thermo-sensitive
additives.
Conditioning, pressing and
cooling require more than
half of the energy necessary
for the production of compound feed. The rising energy
costs require the utilisation of possible savings. So it is
worthwhile to leverage knowledge and competence for
optimised process control!
To help you do precisely that, the IFF is offering a
practical course: Pelleting of compound feed on June
7-8, 2016, at their centre in Braunschweig, Germany.
Technical knowledge on pelleting will be given both in
lectures and in practical exercises at the pilot plant of

IFF practical
course:
Pelleting of
compound
feed

the institute. In practical tests, different measuring and

test methods will be introduced. The participants will
be enabled to improve the handling and control of the
pelleting process in daily practice with simple means.
The course mainly appeals to employees who are directly
involved in the pelleting process and can influence
significantly the essential quality properties of the
produced pellets (abrasion stability, moisture) by their
technical know-how and experience.
The participation in this course is especially
recommended for the training and further education of
persons who have entered the compound-feed industry
from other industries.
Course contents:
Agglomeration
Measurement and pellet quality
Steam generation
Operating parameters for pelleting
Cooling
Stability of additives
Energy management
Practical parts Pelleting and pellet quality I + II
The practical courses will take place time-shifted in small
groups. The lectures will be given in English. Registration
closes 17 May 2016.
Download further details and registration form at http://
bit.ly/1SQYUPb

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 17

FEATURE

POTENTIAL FOR
EUROPEAN LOBSTER
MARICULTURE
by, Dr Carly Daniels and Charlie Ellis,
The National Lobster Hatchery, Padstow, UK

Photo: Dr Carly Daniels, Research and Development

Officer at the National Lobster Hatchery, holds a
juvenile European lobster reared in a sea-based
container culture system in Cornwall, UK

18 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

containers moored at sea. Sea-based container culture (SBCC)

he European lobster (Homarus
avoids many of the rearing costs associated with aquaria-based
gammarus) is an ecologically important
operations, and is currently the focus of research aiming to
species of the North-eastern Atlantic
enhance the effectiveness of stocking programs and initiate a
which supports wild trap fisheries that
novel mariculture sector.
are worth around 30 million each
year to the UK alone. By weight the
species is the highest-value seafood
The National Lobster Hatchery
among those landed regularly in the
As global demand for seafood grows, we require a more
UK and Ireland, where 75 percent of
thorough understanding of methods designed to enhance the
the ~5,000t annual landings for the species are made. As such,
abundance of high value species, restore depleted fisheries,
lobsters provide essential diversity to fragile inshore fisheries and
and build resilience and sustainability into seafood supply.
vital income for rural coastal economies. However, populations
The work of the National Lobster Hatchery (NLH) in Padstow,
across its range are pressured by rising exploitation, from which
UK, focusses upon these pressing issues. The NLH is a charity
traditional fisheries management has failed to prevent extensive
focussing on conservation, education and research, established
regional stock collapses in the recent past, and now struggles to
in 2000 with the goal of undertaking stock enhancement to help
stimulate recovery. While lobsters have long been transported
support the sustainability of the local H. gammarus fishery.
as a live export commodity, chiefly to France and the Iberian
Recent years have seen substantial advances in the charitys
peninsula, emerging markets, particularly those in East Asia,
outputs, with over 150,000 juvenile lobsters admixed into local
threaten to create additional demand for the species which
stocks around the coasts of Cornwall and the nearby Isles of
far exceeds current capture yields. Improvements in hatchery
Scilly since 2009. A harbour side visitor centre, from which
rearing success have seen a number
of recent aquaculture initiatives
Lobsters share their rearing
containers with a diverse
employed, in the hope of both
community of organisms which
generating restoration and improved
settle around them and provide
plentiful food. Self-seeded scallops
sustainability of wild harvests, and
readily co-habit with lobsters,
instigating commercial aquaculture
raising the prospect of multi-species
shellfish culture.
possibilities.
Of the three major aquaculture
practices resource enhancement,
product enhancement, and full
grow-out the majority of hatchery
culture of H. gammarus has been
applied via resource enhancement,
the improvement of wild capture
harvests via the release of hatcheryreared juveniles (hatchery
stocking, including both restocking
and stock enhancement). These
strategies should be well suited to
H. gammarus, a high-value, fecund
species with planktonic early
life-stages which are presumed to be subject to considerable
visitors can view the hatchery rearing process, routinely attracts
recruitment bottlenecks in nature, and monitored trials have
over 43,000 people per year, and has been complemented in
demonstrated a proof-of-principle of hatchery stocking.
recent years by an outreach programme that visits schools,
Having been reared from the clutches of wild-mated females,
universities and community groups to introduce seafood
considerable numbers of released lobsters have been recovered
conservation issues and highlight the need for sustainable
in the wild, having survived, attained maturity, and mated
fisheries and aquaculture.
successfully across multiple locations and ecotypes across a
The project also supports a specialist research team, who have
broad section of the species range, although direct economic
helped further our understanding of wild lobster biology via a
viability of the approach is still to be rigorously assessed.
range of ecological studies, as well as providing biotechnical
Product enhancement, the captive on-growth of wild-captured
advances to improve and stabilise hatchery production. The NLH
stock to improve marketability, as is practice in Tuna aquaculture, is a founding member of ELCE the European Lobster Centre
is at present prevented in European Lobster by a lack of necessity
of Excellence a network of specialists in lobster biology and
combined with of our enduring inability to locate wild H.
culture who collaborate in research and meet to share knowledge
gammarus juveniles and strict fishery minimum landing sizes.
and experiences to further the shared goals of developing lobster
Technological progress has raised the possibility that fullconservation, stocking and aquaculture programmes. The NLH
grow out aquaculture may soon attain commercial applications.
research team is now attracting national and international
Encouraging developments in recent years have seen the captive
recognition for its work tackling some of the remaining barriers
culture of European lobster to marketable sizes in Norway, whose to the development of clawed lobster aquaculture.
own wild fishery was decimated by stock collapse in the middle
of the twentieth century. Considerable complications arise from
The Lobster-Grower projects
the species slow growth rate and willingness to cannibalise when
The NLH has spent a proportion of the past the past six years
confined communally in captivity, but significant potential has
investigating the potential for rearing lobsters at sea in container
been identified in the mariculture of hatchery-reared juveniles in
systems, following initial success with clawed lobsters across
International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 19

FEATURE

Dr Carly Daniels, Research

and Development Officer
at the National Lobster
Hatchery, deploys a
mature stack of rearing
containers in Cornwall, UK,
under the watchful eye
of Mr Gary Rawle, who is
hosting the lobster rearing
trials at his Westcountry
Mussels of Fowey shellfish
farm.

several countries during the previous decade. In 2014, the NLH

engaged a diverse consortium of expert partners to assist in
the development of the equipment and techniques required to
pioneer and evaluate the mariculture of hatchery-reared lobster
juveniles. This project, named Lobster Grower and jointly
funded by Innovate UK and the Biotechnology and Biological
Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), designed and lab
tested bespoke containers compatible with the developmental
requirements of lobsters and integration into existing UK
mariculture operations, a step further on from previous trials
which focussed on the use of oyster spat containers.
A follow-up project, Lobster Grower 2, has now been
awarded by the same funders, allowing the diverse set of
partners to field-test these bespoke containers. Alongside
the NLH, the University of Exeter, Westcountry Mussels of
Fowey (WMoF), the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and
Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) and Falmouth University
will be investigating the performance of these novel
rearing containers to support semi-intensive lobster culture
in the ocean environment. Over the next three years the
consortium will be assisting WMoF to rear lobsters alongside
their existing rope-grown bivalve culture operations, and
developing and testing novel systems for securing containers.
An extensive environmental monitoring program will help
reveal the influence of environmental conditions on the growth
and survival of lobsters, as well as detecting any impacts of
lobster culture on the surrounding ecosystem. Biological,
ecological and hydrodynamic data arising from the project
will be combined with information on social, operational and
financial requirements to create an aqua-economic model
which will be available to potential industry start-ups to help
predict production and economic returns.

Benefits of Sea Based Container Culture

SBCC has significant advantages over recirculation-based

rearing methods, which are often associated with high capital
and operational costs, including: having no continuous energy

costs, no immediate need for valuable seafront buildings,

and even no requirement for processed feed; the lobsters
are thought to initially feed on planktonic organisms before
subsisting on animals and algae which settle on and encrust
the container. Some trials have suggested that growth and
survival rates in SBCC can exceed those attained in hatchery
on-growing vessels, despite SBCC lobsters experiencing lower
average temperatures. Rearing lobsters at sea also appears
to promote natural behaviours, and traits that are likely to be
important to wild survival. The performance of maricultured
lobsters in these trials raises hopes that the SBCC method
could provide a dual opportunity to develop sustainability
and resilience in the lobster supply chain; as well as raising
the possibility of initiating aquaculture applications, rearing
at sea may well fulfil an important role in the ecological
conditioning of hatchery lobsters destined for wild release.
Although hatchery lobsters innately develop some behaviours
which are critical to their post-release survival, settlement
success is enhanced by adaptation to the natural environment,
and the comparatively enriched semi-wild SBCC environment
appears to promote attributes which are likely to enhance the
effectiveness of stock enhancement and restocking schemes,
increasing their overall benefit to fishery recruitment.
As well as supporting the development of juvenile lobsters,
SBCC systems provide an ideal settlement environment for a
variety of other valuable shellfish species, including mussels
and scallops, inviting the prospect that they could support
multi-species coastal mariculture operations of considerable
value and exceptional sustainability credentials. While no
lobsters have yet been reared to current fisheries landing sizes
in SBCC systems, there may be considerable appetite among
consumers and luxury seafood suppliers for lobsters which are
slightly smaller than those currently accessible to the fishery.
The realisation of commercial-scale lobster mariculture
could facilitate this market diversification and help to offset
pressure on dwindling natural stocks, and the NLH hopes to
be at the forefront of efforts to conserve both the species wild
populations and the livelihoods of coastal communities who
target them.

20 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

Complete Plants and Machines

for the Production of Fish Feed

Contrary to conventional extruders, the KAHL extruder OEE is equipped

with a hydraulically adjustable die.

AMANDUS KAHL GmbH & Co. KG Dieselstrasse 5-9 D-21465 Reinbek / Hamburg Phone: +49 40 727 71 0
info@akahl.de

www.akahl.de

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 21

MUD CRAB
FEATURE

by Dr B Laxmappa, Fisheries Development

Officer, Telangana, India

ud crabs, also known as

mangrove crabs, occur
widely in estuaries and
along tropical, subtropical
and warm temperate
coasts in the world.
There are four species
of mud crab (Family:
Portunidae), Scylla serrata,
S. tranquebarica, S. paramamosain and S. olivacea that are the
focus of both commercial fisheries and aquaculture production
throughout their distribution. They are among the most valuable
crab species in the world, with the bulk of their commercial
production sent live to market.
Mudcrab constitutes an important secondary crop in the
traditional prawn or fish culture systems in some of the coastal
states & Union Territories and has become increasingly popular
by virtue of its meat quality and large size.
In India, the mud crabs have come into prominence in the early

FARMING
IN INDIA

eighties with the commencement of live crab export to the South

East Asian countries which has created a renewed interest in the
exploitation as well as in the production of mud crabs through
aquaculture see Table 1.
Among six, two species of mud crabs, namelyScyllaserrate
andScyllatranquebarica are found in the inshore seas, estuaries,
backwaters, coastal lakes and mangrove swamps of all maritime
states on the main land and the creeks and bays of Andaman and
Nicobar Islands. Both the species co-exist in the inshore sea as well
as in the inland brackish waters preferring muddy or sandy bottom.

The immense market demand for mud crab

Scylla serrata, commonly known as the mud crab or green crab,

has an immense market demand all over the world, particularly in

22 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

South East Asian countries. This seafood delicacy is considered

as one of the tastiest of all crab species. This is often sold in live,
in many international markets. India earns foreign exchange to
the tune of 18 million US $ by exporting live mud crab captured
from the low-lying coastal belts across the country.
Therefore, natural stocks of mud crab in the country are under
constant pressure from fishing.

Culture practices

Among the edible species,Scylla serrata, is

popular because of its size, meat quality, high
price and export potential. The ability of
mud crab to grow fast and its suitability
for culture in brackish water and
estuarine areas make it attractive to
develop mud crab culture/fattening
programmes in India to meet
theincreasing demand for
export and domesticmarket.
A community-based crab
fattening in cages project
was implemented first
time in Tamil Nadu state in
2006 for alternative livelihood
purposes especially for the fisher women.
This has proved to be a great success not
only in terms of generating extra income
to the family through the Self Help Groups
(SHG) but also in creating an awareness
among fisher folk about the value of marine
resources and the need for conservation and
sustainable utilisation.
There are two basic forms land-based mud crab
culture practices - fattening of crabs with low flesh content/
water crabs and grow-out of juveniles to market size. The most
common culture systems for mud crab growout are pond culture
and mangrove culture.
Mud crab farming is traditionally a small-scale, family-run
business in India. Earthen ponds are commonly used in pond
culture. With simple modifications, existing marine shrimp
ponds utilised for mud crab growout in some areas. The size, of
the ponds are generally between 0.3 and 0.5 hectare with a water
depth between 0.8 and 1.5 metres.
Various structures, most often simple net fences, but sometimes
also concrete or lined pond banks, are constructed to prevent
escapes. The more commonly used system is semi-intensive
enclosures, often constructed in intertidal zones using easily
harvested bamboo. The stocking density is generally between one
and five crabs per square meter.

Feeding

Care is taken to provide sufficient food for better growth and

also to avoid cannibalism. Although crabs can utilise natural
diets, supplementary feeds like trash fish, animal offal, cheap
mollusks and sometimes formulated feeds for marine shrimp, are
used to feed mud crabs.
Feeding rates are generally between three and ten percent
of biomass, with a decreasing feeding ratio as they mature.
The culture period for growout from juvenile to market size is
generally five to eight months, and survivals of 30-70 percent are
commonly achieved. The duration of fattening is normally 20
days. Fattening of mud crab is popularly undertaken in the states
of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Orissa and
West Bengal.

Harvesting

The crabs are harvested after the shell hardens and before the
next moulting. The harvesting can be effectively done in tide-fed
ponds by letting in water through the sluice into the pond during
high tide. As the water starts flushing in, the mud crabs tend to
swim against the incoming water and congregate near the sluice
gate.
The crabs can be caught with the help of a scoop nets and
also by hand picking at the lowest low tide levels.Harvesting
preferably in the early morning hours or evening.

Marketing

Mud crabs are popular throughout the Indo-Pacific region,

particularly in countries where they occur naturally. They remain
alive out of water for considerable periods of time (more than
1 week when kept moist) after capture and are traditionally
marketed alive. However, they are also sold as a frozen for
the newly emerging soft-shell crab market. Although the price
may vary substantially from country to country, mud crabs are
generally a high-priced seafood item in local markets.
The scope for live mud crabs export has opened up good
opportunities for crab farming/fattening. Export market of
live crab especially to South East Asian countries is picking
up steadily. Kerala is a major supplier to the export trade and
Chennai is the main centre of live mud crab exports to Singapore
and Malaysian markets. Crab is poised to be the next potential
sea food in the world market among the marine crustaceans next
to shrimp and lobsters.
The export as well as domestic market of crab is met through
crab landings from the natural collection / harvest from the sea
as also from the brackish water areas. Frozen crab meat and live
crabs are exported from India to south East Asian countries.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 23

FEATURE

Scylla serratais much in demand in the domestic market and

fetches a good price, compared to other species of crab. Medium
and large crabs of more than 14cm carapace width and weighing
more than 400g are collected exclusively for export purposes
from West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala,
Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat.
The rates vary for live crabs depending on its size. Live mud
crabs of 100grams to 300 grams will earn US$5 to US$7 and
those weighing more than 400 grams earn US$11. In India, live
crabs retail at IMR 300 to 350 in Bangalore and Delhi. During the
peak season from June to September the catch can go up to one to
two tons per day and it dwindles thereafter.

Table 1: Commercially important crab species and its production source in

India.
Scientific
Name

Production
source

Common size
of growth
(Carapace
width)

Green crab

Scylla serrata
(Forskal, 1775)

Capture &
Aquaculture

13-15 cm

Green crab

Scylla tranquebarica
(Fabricius, 1798)

Capture &
Aquaculture

20-22 cm

Red crab

Scylla olivacea
(Herbst, 1796)

Capture

13-15 cm

Spotted crab

Portunus
sanguinolentus
(Herbst, 1783)

Capture

10-12 cm

Blue crab

Portunus pelagicus
(Linnaeus,1766)

Capture

10-15 cm

Cross crab

Charybdis cruciata
(Mc Neill, 1929)

Capture

10-15 cm

Common
Name

Role of MPEDA & RGCA

Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA),

a nodal agency set up by the Government of India in 1972
for the promotion of seafood exports from India. In order to
strengthen the production base of the mud crab so as to facilitate
a sustainable source of mud crab for export, Rajiv Gandhi Centre
for Aquaculture (RGCA), the research and development arm of
MPEDA, has established a mud crab (Scylla serrata) hatchery in
the state of Tamil Nadu in 2013 that regularly produces juvenile
crablets for its demonstration farm and local farmers.
This hatchery is one among very few mud crab hatcheries in the
world, Philippines, Vietnam and China being the other countries
having them. The hatchery has been regularly been producing
mud crab seed reared to crablet sizes at its demonstration farm
and supplying to farmers in the area. Crablets have also been
supplied to several research institutions like the Central Institute
of Brackish water Aquaculture (CIBA) and National Institute
of Ocean Technology (NIOT) for their farming demonstrations.
The facility has also been carrying out ranching of crablets in
estuarine and mangrove areas in Tamil Nadu from time to time
for natural stock enhancement.
Owing to the highly cannibalistic nature of the larvae of this
species, larval rearing of mud crabs is a very challenging task
and survival rates achieved are extremely low when compared to
other crustacean species and species of finfish. But, the scientists
at RGCA have achieved a breakthrough survival of 7 to 14
percent against the world average survival rates of 3 percent.
This encouraging breakthrough achieved by RGCA can open up
avenues for commercialisation of mud crab hatchery technology
leading to organised mud crab aquaculture in the coastal areas of the
country especially among the weaker sections of the society giving
them an alternate livelihood option and also strengthens the production
base of mud crab for export in live and value added products. This can

24 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

also result in reducing the fishing pressure on the natural stocks and
thereby facilitating natural stock enhancement in the mangrove forests.
Identifying live crab exports as a potential money spinner, the
Indian seafood industry is all set to rear mangrove crabs, so as to
scale up the export of the crustacean that commands high price
in the global market, particularly in Southeast Asia. The MPEDA
has begun farming of crabs in the mangroves of Sindhudurg
district in Maharasthra state through coastal fishermen. Green
mangrove crab is a much sought-after variety and fetches a price
of INR 1,000 to Rs 1,400 a kg in the world market.
At present, mud crabs are reared in farms or ponds in states like
Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. The seeds are supplied by the Rajiv
Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture in Tamil Nadu, the R&D wing
of MPEDA, which achieved a breakthrough in crab hatchery
districts of India; owing to the good demand and better price
technology with one of the highest survival rates in the world.
of mud crab in the international market. Mud crab has emerged
The seeds are farmed by the self help groups of local fishermen
as a good potential exportable commodity as well as means of
and then supplied to the exporters once it reaches full size in
livelihoods of the coastal poor communities in India. Though
around ten months. Live crab exports, mostly done by air from
mud crab constitutes an important secondary crop in the
Chennai and Mumbai, are at present pegged around INR 220
traditional prawn or fish culture systems in some of the coastal
crore (2,200 million) annually and has grown only marginally
states, the states coast has yet to fully wake up to its potential.
over the past few years.
The fattening of mud crab, which is non-existent there, can
Once the mangrove rearing becomes widespread, MPEDA
provide employment opportunities for the fisher folk as a means
hopes to increase it several times. To ensure steady supply of
of alternative livelihood besides promoting crab fishery.
seeds, the agency is in the process of setting up another hatchery
Research institutes and the Central Marine Fisheries Research
in Maharashtra. The crab exports have not picked up in a big way
Institute (CMFRI) should create awareness among farmers
ariculture, Inc. | 2016 Hatchery Ad Campaign | Theme: All-in-One Rotifer Feeds Ad | Design: A | Version: 2
in Maharashtra and Gujarat. Unlike in Chennai, there arent many exploit the potential of crab farming in potential coastal regions
exporters
in Mumbai
who can
share the cost
of booking
and | Dimensions:
of India.190mm
The WestXCoast
is mainly dependent on fish catch, like
nt: International
Aquafeed
Product
Showcase
| Size:
Half Page
132mm
sending the consignment by air.
Andhra Pradesh is dependent on shrimp farming. Unless there
is a crisis people will not move out of their comfort zone to try
something new.
Conclusion
All references are available on request.
Mud crab farming is becoming very popular in the coastal

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International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 25

FEATURE

TURE

LARVAL CUL

IU
S
A
G
N
A
P
F
O

O
C
I
R
O
T
R
UE
P
IN

.,
McGee, Ph.D
by Michael V.
Rico
Lajas, Puerto

ries Inc.,

Caribe Fishe

he Asian catfish Pangasius,

Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is
recognised as a leading aquaculture
food fish on world markets. The
commercial culture of Pangasius
was developed in the mid 1990s
in Vietnam and quickly expanded
to production levels of nearly one
million tons per year. Other countries
including Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Philippines,
Bangladesh and India have adapted Pangasius as part of their
aquaculture production. Pangasius can be successfully cultured
in most tropical regions of the world however countries in the
Western Hemisphere have been slow to embrace Pangasius
aquaculture, in part, due to the lack of practical knowledge of the
species food requirements during the larval and fry stages.
Pangasius are a riverine species and require specific
environmental conditions under which to reproduce naturally.
All Pangasius reared in aquaculture are reproduced by hormone
inductions. The eggs and milt are stripped from the fish
and artificially propagated under hatchery conditions. At a
temperature of 28 C Pangasius eggs hatch in about 24 hours and
the larvae become free swimming almost immediately afterwards.
The larvae are small (3 mm) and require further development
for at least 48 to 60 hours prior to first feeding. Pangasius larvae
are pelagic, swimming through the water column and normally
feeding on small zooplankton that they randomly encounter.

Under culture conditions Pangasius larvae are moved about 24

hours after hatching to a nursery pond that has been prepared for
this purpose. Larvae are stocked at a density of 400 to 600/m3
and are dependent on natural zooplankton of the correct size, type
and abundance to sustain the larvae during at least the first seven
days of life when they do not feed on prepared diets. The larvae
will consume newly hatched Artemia if reared in hatchery tanks
however densities of the larvae must be reduced to around 10
larvae per litre to avoid cannibalism which at the early life stages
can significantly reduce survival.
Caribe Fisheries began reproducing pangasius in 2002 and has
continued to evaluate procedures to improve spawning success
and larval survival. It was noticed that survival of Pangasius
from larvae to fingerlings in nursery pond varied widely between
ponds. To better understand the factors that lead to these disparate
results a study was conducted from May to September 2014.
Observations were made daily on all ponds used for pangasius
fingerling production to document the zooplankton populations,
presence of predators and the condition and survival of the larvae
during the first seven days after stocking. Although the study
was conducted under commercial farm conditions the general
methods used and the results obtained are considered useful in
indicating conditions which can lead to improved production of
pangasius from the larval to fingerling stages.
Earthen ponds used in the study were approximately 20 X 40
metres and 1 metre deep. The ponds were covered with 2 cm
bird netting to prevent adult dragonflies from laying eggs in the

26 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

pond as well as to exclude herons and fishing

bats, Noctilio leporinus. Prior to filling the ponds
quicklime (CaOH) was applied at 100 kg/ha. On
day one ponds were filled to 25 percent capacity
with water filtered through a 1 mm filter sock
to exclude wild fish. The following day ponds
were fertilised with urea (60 kg/ha) and triple
superphosphate (60 kg/ha) by partially dissolving
in water and dispersing the solutions throughout
the ponds.
On day three dried chicken manure was
applied at 60 kg/ha along with molasses (60
kg/ha) to stimulate zooplankton production. In
some trials inoculants of desirable zooplankton
species, specifically rotifers, Brachionis spp., and
Daphnia, Daphnia pulex, were added to increase
the probability of these species developing.
Following this water was added to at least
50 percent capacity and thereafter the ponds
continued slowly filling. At day 4 larval pangasius
were stocked at approximately four hundred per
cubic meter. Each day following stocking sampling was done
with an eighty micron mesh plankton net to determine larval
survival and the typed and abundance of zooplankton present.
At day 7 after stocking a 40 percent protein powdered feed was
applied twice daily to the ponds in anticipation of the larvae
beginning to accept the prepared diet.
Daily sampling indicted that ponds with zooplankton blooms
dominated by rotifers prior to and during the first 4 days after
stocking had the best larval survival. Pangasius larvae were
observed to begin feeding on rotifers within 24-48 hours after

stocking. By day 4 rotifer populations declined and Daphnia

began to dominate the zooplankton population. The larvae which
had increased in size then switched to Daphnia as their principal
prey.
Survival of larvae was lower in ponds where zooplankton
populations were dominated by copepods 1-3 days after stocking.
It is unknown if larval pangasius are unable to capture these
organisms as prey, if copepods out competed more desirable
species such as rotifers or were perhaps predaceous on the larvae.
In ponds where larvae of the phantom midge (Chaoboridae)

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FEATURE

were present between day 1 to day 4 after stocking survival of

larval pangasius was greatly reduced. The larvae of the phantom
midge grow to approximately 5 mm in length, occur in the water
column of the pond similar to the pangasius larvae and are active
predators. The larva of the phantom midge is presumed to be
predaceous on the smaller pangasius larvae. Alternatively midge
larvae may have competed with pangasius for zooplankton as
prey.
The presence of dragonfly nymphs in the ponds was not
observed as the bird netting prevented the adults from reaching
the pond surface to lay eggs. Predation by herons and fishing bats
was also effectively controlled by the netting during the nursery
phase.
Pangasius larvae began to accept the powdered feed diet by at
least day 10 after stocking. At this time the pangasius fry began
to come to the surface and could be observed feeding. Once fry
began to consume the commercial diet little change in survival
was observed. By days 28-34 after stocking ponds were drained
to harvest fingerlings of approximately on gram. Estimated
survival of larvae to fingerling size ranged from less than 10
percent to greater than 50 percent depending on pond conditions.
The timing of larval stocking to coincide with the
development of a dense bloom of rotifers which are available
from day 1 of larval stocking until at least day 4 post stocking
is optimal for the survival and growth of Pangasius larvae. The

transition of the bloom from rotifers to Daphnia after day 4 is

also associated with good survival. Since bloom development
is to some extent random and depends on the interaction of
multiple factors, it is useful to sample ponds with a fine mesh
plankton net prior to larval stocking. In this way ponds which
develop proper conditions can be stocked and the probability
that larval survival will be higher is increased. Inoculating
fertilised ponds with rotifers and Daphnia is also a valid means
to improve the chances of the development of these desirable
species.
In the Western Hemisphere commercial freshwater aquaculture
is largely based on Tilapia, yet Western countries are the largest
importers of Pangsaius. The analysis and adaptation of techniques
for Pangasius aquaculture is a necessary step for its possible
introduction as a new aquaculture species for tropical countries
in the region. Accomplishing this goal would lead to increased
production, reduced dependence on imports, increased food
security as well as providing an impetus for the overall growth of
the aquaculture sector.
More information:
Michael V. McGee, Ph.D., Caribe Fisheries Inc
email: mvmcgee@caribefish.com
www.caribefish.com/web

28 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

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FEATURE

INNOVATION
NATION

How new
developments
in aquaculture
are boosting
the Scottish
economy

ith an estimated market

value of over 1.8 billion
and Scottish salmon
exports alone reaching
over 500 million,
Scotlands aquaculture
sector is fast becoming a
core pillar for the future
growth of the Scottish
economy. However, with such a steep increase in the demand for
fish products, there is a real need for innovation within the sector
to stay ahead of the curve and provide a sustainable supply of
healthy protein; not only for the present but for the future of a
market that appears set to keep growing. Ahead of Aquaculture
UK, CEO of the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC),
Heather Jones, shares some of the organisations forays into
finfish research projects and the ways in which is working with
both industry and academia to enhance the whole of the Scottish
aquaculture sector.

Tackling industry issues with innovation

Farming any species brings with it several challenges which

can affect productivity, quality and sustainability and aquaculture
is no different. One industry-wide issue in finfish farming is the

control of natural parasites that attach to both wild and farmed

fish and can cause physical damage, stress, or lead to secondary
infections on the affected individuals. This impacts the output
of salmon farms by slowing salmon growth. Typical measures
around sea lice control currently include husbandry techniques
and licensed medicines, but the industry is looking for new and
innovative ways to tackle the problem, using more biological
methods and reducing the need for treatment with medicines.
The use of cleaner fish has been brought into integrated sea
lice management over the past few years. Cleaner fish naturally
remove ectoparasites, such as sea lice, from other fish and live
alongside them harmoniously in the wild. Wrasse in particular
ballan wrasse are currently the most popular choice as cleaner
fish in the salmon industry in Scotland. Cohabitation of salmon
with cleaner fish, both wrasse and another species, lumpsuckers,
have been shown to reduce significantly the sea lice challenge to
salmon and to enhance production on farms.
Whilst wrasse have proven to be effective within fish farms,
previous projects have largely involved the collection of wild
wrasse, a solution which is unlikely to be sustainable in the long
term. So there is a need to look beyond and to develop a wrasse
culture here in the UK. This is in its infancy and production
challenges have, to date, limited the deployment of farmed
wrasse. To overcome some of these challenges, SAIC has

30 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

STRONG ENOUGH
TO FACE EVERYTHING!

launched a research project, bringing together leading academics

and major salmon producers to solve the bottlenecks limiting
wrasse productivity, and to improve the quality and delousing
efficacy of farmed wrasse.

Creating a commercial concept for wrasse

Building on a proof of concept established in previous research,

the SAIC project brings together experts from Marine Harvest,
Scottish Sea Farms, Biomar and the Institute of Aquaculture
at the University of Stirling, the leading aquaculture research
and training department in the UK. A 42-month plan focuses on
the production, husbandry and deployment of farmed wrasse.
SAIC awarded grant funding to the project of 831,530,
leveraging contributions worth 3.01 million from the industry
and academic partners and providing a pool of money designed
to increase knowledge and share it across the sector. Given the
importance of the project to the UK salmon industry, the project
will operate under the principle of open knowledge exchange.
The scheme will extend existing knowledge through to
upscaling of hatchery technologies; optimisation of cleaner fish
welfare in salmon cages; and prototyping in the commercial
environment. The project work has been organised around four
work packages, each with a set of specific R&D objectives:
1. Broodstock management, egg and larvae productivity. A

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International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 31

FEATURE

lumpsuckers when they are raised in hatcheries

and deployed in salmon pens. The aim of the
research, conducted by Stirlings Institute of
Aquaculture, is to improve the survival and
welfare of lumpsuckers and ultimately increase
the supply of cleaner fish into the Scottish
salmon industry. SAIC has awarded a grant
worth 120,680 to the 445,380 project, led
by Fish Vet Group. Working with five other
commercial partners (FAI Aquaculture, Scottish
Sea Farms, The Scottish Salmon Company,
Grieg Seafood Shetland and Cooke Aquaculture)
and the University of Stirling, the project will
last for 24 months and will involve extensive
epidemiological research.
series of studies to investigate the reproductive physiology,
behaviour and performance of ballan wrasse broodstock,
aimed at developing new commercial protocols to enhance egg
productivity and quality.
2. Larvae/juvenile nutritional requirement and growth potential.
This work package will aim to refine hatchery protocols for
live feed management, weaning and on-growing to maximise
the robustness of fish produced and growth performance.
3. Health management of cleaner fish. This will include the
development of tools to monitor immune response in ballan
wrasse and improve disease resistance.
4. Conditioning and optimisation of cleaner fish welfare in
commercial cages. This will include building understanding
of optimal timing of deployment and stock ratios, and the
validation of practical on-farm health and welfare indicators.
Project outcomes will include commercial protocols, research
tools and a new knowledge of the biology of the ballan wrasse.
This will permit production of a handbook that individual farmers
in Scotland including SMEs can use as a beginning-to-end
guide on the breeding and husbandry of farmed wrasse.

Looking to other cleaner fish species

While ballan wrasse are the most popular choice of cleaner

fish to date, research is also being carried out to test the viability
of using lumpfish. Like wrasse, lumpsuckers can cohabit with
salmon and feed on sea lice, and they have been identified as
a complementary species to wrasse in boosting the supply of
cleaner fish to the industry. SAIC is supporting two lumpsucker
development projects, which aim to bring lumpsucker production
to a commercial scale in the UK.
The first project aims to establish a secure and sustainable
supply of lumpfish for Scottish salmon farms. It will take a range
of technologies that have proof of concept in the laboratory
through to prototyping in the commercial environment. Heading
the research will be a team from the Institute of Aquaculture
at the University of Stirling. The team will work with five
commercial partners Marine Harvest Scotland, Pharmaq,
BioMar, The Scottish Salmon Company and Otter Ferry Seafish
and have funding of over 2.9 million from SAIC grants and
partner contributions. Outputs will include protocols for breeding,
feeding and deploying lumpsuckers into salmon farms; new
products, such as feeds and vaccines; and knowledge to provide
Scotland with a viable, sustainable and efficient source of cleaner
fish for sea lice control.
The second project aims to improve the welfare of lumpfish
deployed in Scottish salmon farms. This will use a detailed
analysis of the biological needs and disease challenges facing

Increasing production through disease

control

The success of all cleaner fish projects will rely heavily on

developments in maintaining the health and welfare of cleaner
fish. As such, SAIC is also looking to fund projects that focus on
this key element.
In 2015, SAIC provided funding to a consortium led by
Aqualife, a family-owned business in Stirling, to develop
new fish vaccination techniques. The novel welfare-friendly
techniques proposed by the project team could step up the
survivability and robustness of lumpsucker and wrasse species,
and help to upscale the effectiveness of cleaner-fish on farms.
This major contribution towards controlling sea lice biologically
could further increase the productivity of Scottish salmon farms
and decrease the use of medicines in the industry.
Major salmon producer Scottish Sea Farms will provide access
to a range of its marine sites across Orkney, Shetland and the
mainland for research to be carried out, and researchers at the
University of Stirlings Institute of Aquaculture will support the
development of new techniques and protocols for the growth of
the industry.
One additional planned outcome of Aqualifes project is a
new vaccination device based on a prototype the company has
developed for salmon. The plan is to adapt the device for the
anatomy and physiology of different lumpfish and wrasse species.
If successful, this could pave the way for further adaptations of
the device for use on other farmed non-salmonid species such as
Mediterranean bass and bream, Asian catfish or North African
tilapia.

What does success look like?

SAIC is supporting a diverse range of projects within

the aquaculture industry, not just within finfish, but also
shellfish and hatchery projects, feed projects and engineering
developments. Each project will have its own objectives and
outcomes, but our overall aim is to deliver transformational
change in the relationship between the aquaculture industry and
research community. By doing this, we can support the growth,
sustainability and profitability of the Scottish aquaculture
industry and meet the increased salmon production targets set by
the Scottish Government.
A successful aquaculture market in Scotland leads not only
to a direct contribution to the economy in terms of sales, but
a significant boost to the welfare of the people of Scotland.
Aquaculture now contributes some 8,000 jobs to Scotland and
many of our rural communities have benefited from new facilities
and support from aquaculture companies as they expand across
Scotlands coastline and sea lochs.

32 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

PHOTOSHOOT
THE BIG PICTURE - FRANCE

One of the operators at Pisciculture Jorgensen in Abbeville, Picardie France oversees the aeration
process that uses Faivre aerators during inspection. The Jorgensen family have a long and fruitful
relationship with French aquaculture equipment manufacturers Faivre, who have supplied them with a
plethora of fish-farming equipment over the years, including fish graders and aerators.
See more on page 46

FEATURE

A technological innovation for

crustacean aquaculture

AQUAVI Met-Met

During the week of Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2016 in

Surabaya, Indonesia, Evonik Industries conducted the
official launch of AQUAVI Met-Met. AQUAVI Met-Met
is a dipeptide of two DL-methionine molecules which is
used as an aquaculture feed additive.
AQUAVI Met-Met is Evonik Industries first peptide
specifically developed for the aqua industry as it has low
water solubility and therefore the leaching of the feed
nutrients can be minimised. This is especially important
for aquafeeds for shrimp and prawn as they are bottom
feeders with different feeding habits and digestive systems
to fish. Feed pellets and extrudates must be stable in the
water to ensure the dipeptide breaks down and methionine
becomes available for protein synthesis at exactly the right
time.
In 2015, no less than half of the fish, crustaceans, and
shellfish consumed globally originated from aquaculture.
Fishmeal being part of the feed as a protein source is a
significant cost factor for farmers. Supplementation with
amino acids allows significant reduction of the proportion
of fishmeal in feeds.
With AQUAVI Met-Met, the dipeptide of DLmethionine which has extremely low water solubility, feed
formulation can be preserved in the water and enhanced
in the gut. As feeding trials in many countries have shown,
AQUAVI Met-Met is more than twice as efficient as DLmethionine.
This increases the efficiency and sustainability of shrimp
farming.
AQUAVI Met-Met has already been registered as a feed
additive in many countries, with more to follow. The new
methionine source will initially be available for shrimp and
crustaceans but its efficiency is currently being tested for
other species.
The following is the presentation given on the morning
of the official press launch in Surabaya by Galle Husser,
Evonik Industries Director of Industry Marketing for
Aquaculture.

think we are all aligned on the fact that

the world population is growing, and it is
growing fast. On top of that, the income is
also increasing per capita, meaning that more
and more people have access to animal protein
sources.
I think that Asia is a wonderful example,
showing that fish is important for human
nutrition worldwide. It is actually the very first
protein source.
If we look at the growth, we see that fish consumption is
growing very fast, as fast as poultry.
But there is one market that is growing even faster, and
that is crustaceans. We are quite lucky with fish and shrimp
because half of the production does not need to be farmed,
but rather can be caught in the wild.
We know that this trend is going up, therefore we have to
be careful, because the natural resources are limited, with
most of the stocks are already depleted.
So we need to find alternatives, we cannot feed our farmed
fish or farmed shrimp with marine ingredients.
There is a famous ratio called fish-in, fish-out and that
calculates how much fish you need to produce one ton of
farmed fish. Having this consumption trend in mind, it must
be less than one, or else it does not work.
We have a very good example of this in aquaculture,
actually the Salmon industry and animal production in
general, has given us an example of how its possible to
completely replace marine ingredients with vegetable and
alternative raw materials in feed.
So the question when it comes to shrimp, it is not whether
we reduce fish meal or fish oil, but rather it is a case of when
and how.
Today our feeds, depending on the region, still contain at
least 20 percent marine raw materials, and we believe that
in the very near future that this proportion can be reduced
significantly. The salmon industry has done it for a very
demanding animal. There is no good reason why we cannot
do that for the shrimp industry.
But that requires know-how, products, and innovations in
order for us to do so.
At the value chain level, innovation is important. At Evonik,

36 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

our role is as a feed additive provider for the feed mills,

and to give them tools to innovate and to make shrimp
feed more efficient and also more sustainable.
What we realised when we looked at shrimp was
that there were some specificities. Specificities in their
feeding behavior, and in their digestive tract that we have
to take into account when we develop products which are
designed for shrimp.
The first element is that the shrimp will take some time
to find the pellet in the water, and then it will nibble the
pellet for several minutes. This makes the shrimp feed
one of the most technical feeds, because it has to be
water-stable.
The second element is that the digestive tract for
shrimp is quite different to what we know with gastric
or other animals, it has no proper stomach and it is very
important that the nutrients are released in a sustained
way in the digestive tract.
Having that in mind, in 2007 the Evonik team started working
on a solution for an efficient methionine source. In our research
and development department they looked at many different
options, you can use regular methionine sources that work but
you need a buffer.
Then they looked at coated solutions with methionine, but the
issue was that with coated products was that per kilogram of
product you have less of your active substance as it is diluted.
As such it has never been the most efficient solution. It is also
difficult to have a coated product which is stable in the very
demanding and challenging feed processing environment.
The last option, which was the one that was selected, was to work
on a derivative of methionine, this is the option that proved to work.

The product we are talking about AQUAVI Met-Met is the

dipeptide of the methionine. The reason why it works in shrimp is
quite simple, the product is not soluble in the water. It means that
when you add it in the feed, it also stays in the feed, so you really
can control what the shrimp gets to eat.
The second element for this product is that in one bag you have
four products, four different so-called isomers. The shrimp can
digest each of them, however, it takes a different time to digest
each of these four isomers.
Finally, in shrimp feed we know it is not only about nutrition or
biochemical properties, particle size is also very important. That
is why the particle size of this product meets the specifications of
below 300 microns.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 37

SALMONIDS
Welcome to Expert Topic. Each issue will take an in-depth look at a
particular species and how its feed is managed.

38 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

North America

Austria

Iran

1 Salmonidae

he Salmonidae family, collectively

known as Salmonids, comprises
of salmon, trout, chars, freshwater
whitefishes, and graylings, but it is the
trout and Atlantic salmon, of the genus
Salmo, which gives the family their
name. A slender teleost fish, they can
range in size between just 13 cm to a
whopping 2 m in length. With a single
row of sharp teeth, Salmonids are predators, choosing to feed
on smaller fish, aquatic insects and small crustaceans. Despite
spawning in fresh water Salmonids are mostly anadromous,
spending their lives at sea, choosing only to return to rivers to
reproduce.
Our Salmonid focus Rainbow Trout is native to the Pacific
drainages of North America, ranging from Alaska to Mexico,
although many countries report rainbow trout farming production,
primarily areas in Europe, North America, Chile, Japan and
Australia. Since 1874 it has been introduced to waters on all
continents except Antarctica, for recreational angling and
aquaculture purposes. Production greatly expanding in the 1950s
as pelleted feeds were developed. Trout fisheries are maintained,

or culture practised, in the upland catchments of many tropical

and sub-tropical countries of Asia, East Africa and South
America. As a result, several local domesticated strains have
developed (e.g. Shasta and Kamloops), while others have been
arisen through mass selection and cross-breeding for improved
cultural qualities.
The rainbow trout is a hardy fish that is easy to spawn, fast
growing, tolerant to a wide range of environments and handling,
and the large fry can be easily weaned on to an artificial diet
(usually feeding on zooplankton). They are capable of occupying
many different habitats, ranging from an anadromous life history,
to permanently inhabiting lakes.
The anadromous strain is known for its rapid growth, achieving
7-10 kg within 3 years, whereas the freshwater strain can only
attain 4.5 kg in the same time span. The species can withstand
vast ranges of temperature variation (0-27 C), but spawning
and growth occurs in a narrower range (9-14 C). The optimum
water temperature for rainbow trout culture is below 21 C. As
a result, temperature and food availability influence growth and
maturation, causing age at maturity to vary; though it is usually
3-4 years.
Source FAO

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 39

SALMONIDS

THE USE OF PREBIOTICS IN SALMONID DIETS

Natural alternatives for improving production
by Fernando Roberti, Biorigin

ish production has been gaining

increasing importance in the protein
market and in the animal nutrition sector.
Estimates indicate that it will reach
160 million tonnes by 2030, with an
increasing participation of aquaculture1.
In this context, for supporting the
intensification of the production, which
on one hand requires increasingly
revenues, but on the other predisposes to disease outbreaks, the
use of functional compounds becomes essential.
To achieve an economically viable aquaculture, it is
fundamental to maximise nutrient digestibility and retention,
feed conversion rate, dietary nutrient balance, and minimising
fish mortality in antibiotic-free conditions through the
development of health-promoting diets. In this context, the
inclusion of prebiotics into fish diets plays a very important role
for these results to be reached.

by using a component that resists the passage along the gut

during digestion and mimics the specific carbohydrates groups of
intestinal cells4.
Moreover, MOS are also a fermentation substract for
beneficial bacteria which are able to produce organic acids.
This fermentation, in addition to promoting the growth of these
beneficial bacteria populations, leads to an acidification of the
intestinal environment due to the acid production. Importantly,
some of these acids are used as the major energy sources by
some gut cells5, helping to maintain the intestinal integrity.
Together, all these benefits generate a healthy environment,
which will favor nutrients digestibility and absorption. To reach
these benefits, however, it is important to select a good MOS
product that presents the following characteristics: high mannan
content, high mannan exposure obtained from a suitable
production process which ensures a good pathogens adhesion,
and a high total carbohydrates content for fermentation purposes.

Prebiotics

Beyond the benefits to performance, maintaining good

intestinal health is particularly important since many infectious
diseases initiate from the colonisation of the gut mucosa by
pathogens, and the efficiency of the intestinal barrier against this
process depends on the intestinal integrity and on the balance
of comensal bacteria6. In addition, the more intact the intestinal
barrier, the more pathogens will be avoided to translocate over
stressing conditions, reducing the risks of the development of
systemic frames.

Prebiotics are non-digestible compounds able to modulate gut

microbiota and to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial
bacteria2. Among prebiotics, mannanoligosacharides (MOS)
from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been widely
researched and applied in animal nutrition.
The main described effects of MOS are related to pathogen
colonisation blocking, alongside growth and feed conversion
improvement. The use of MOS as a pathogen colonisation
blocker evolves from the concept that some sugars as mannose
could be used as inhibitors of pathogen adhesion to intestinal
cells3.
Therefore, the objective of including MOS in aquaculture
feeds is to reduce intestinal attachment of pathogenic bacteria

Importance of intestinal health for fish

Trial with rainbow trouts

A study* performed in a semi-intensive farm located in

Mazandaran, Iran, evaluated the effects of the dosages 0, 0.1,
0.25 and 0.4 percent of MOS (ActiveMOS, Biorigin, Brazil)

40 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

included in a commercial feed for rainbow trouts. After 7

days of acclimation to the control diet, 300 fish juveniles were
randomly distributed into 12 tanks, with 25 fish in each tank
and 3 replicates (tank) per treatment (dosage of MOS), where
they were kept and evaluated during 60 days. Performance
and survival were evaluated once every 2 weeks and intestinal
bacteria evaluation was conducted at the end of the nutritional
trial.
According to Figures 1 and 2, all groups supplemented with
ActiveMOS had greater final body weight and lower feed
conversion rate. Among the different dosages, the supply of 1kg
of ActiveMOS/ton of feed led to the most interesting results
for final body weight and feed conversion rate. Concerning gut
microbiota, there was a trend of increase on lactic acid bacteria
populations in the dosage of 0.1 percent. It is important to point
out that dosages should be adjusted in function of phase, feed
intake, among other factors.
These results make clear the effects of MOS on fish
performance, through the greater final body weight and improved
feed conversion rate. The modulation of gut microbiota, with
increased populations of beneficial bacteria that improve
intestinal health, are the major explanation for the obtantion of
these results.

Conclusion

The positive effects of mannanoligosacharides have already

been proven in fish species. It is highly recommended to consider
the inclusion of these prebiotics as functional and natural
solutions for the design of health-promoting diets, as well as of
diets for early stages of fish production.
*Denji et al. Effect of dietary prebiotic mannan oligossacharide

Figure 1: Final body weight of rainbow trout fed different levels

of MOS

Figure 2: Feed conversion rate (FCR) of rainbow trout fed

different levels of MOS

(MOS) on growth performance, intestinal microflora, body

composition, haematological and serum biochemical parameters
of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juvenile. Journal of
Fisheries and Aquatic Science, v. 10, p. 255-265, 2015.
References available upon request

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International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 41

www.andritz.com

SALMONIDS

WAYS TO IMPROVE SALMONID DISEASE RESISTANCE

by Benedict Standen & Rui Gonalves, Biomin

ith an increasing pressure
to provide affordable
protein to an evergrowing population,
aquaculture practices
are expanding and
intensifying. High
stocking densities can
lead to animals becoming
stressed and immunocompromised, while also favoring the
proliferation of pathogens.

Unfortunately, disease outbreaks are inevitable and this

represents a major constraint for the sustainable development of
the industry. Nowhere is this more obvious than in high value
species, such as salmonids, where disease outbreaks can lead to
significant economic losses.
Salmon culture is often considered the holy grail of aquaculture.
Consequently, as an industry it has worked hard to reduce its
dependency on antibiotics, relying primarily on vaccination for
disease control. Although this approach has been effective, it
also has its limitations. This is especially true in cold water fish
because antibody production is temperature dependent: thus it can

Figure 1: Atlantic salmon with external appearance of a large furuncle under the skin (a). Insert shows open furuncle and (b) opened
peritoneal cavity of an Atlantic salmon with furunculosis showing extensive hemorrhaging in the peritoneal fat and wall (yellow arrows) and
within muscle (red arrow). SOURCE: www.agriculture.gov.au

42 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

CROSS-CONTAMINATION
SALMONELLA
Figure 2: Survival of fish fed either a control diet, or diet
supplemented with Biotronic Top3 after A. salmonicida
challenge. Bars represent averages between three infection
routes, IP injection, immersion and cohabitation.

take a long time for fish to develop resistance through adaptive

mechanisms. The labour intensive and costly vaccination process
can also result in high levels of stress for fish.
The use of novel feed additives including enhanced acidifiers,
probiotics and yeast-based immunostimulants to provide
immediate prophylactic protection may comprise a less stressful
and more convenient alternative.

INCONSISTENCY
REGULATIONS

PATHOGENS

DOWNTIME

PROTECT YOURSELF
FROM THE ELEMENTS
PRODUCT CONSISTENCY
PROCESS FLEXIBILTY
VALIDATED KILL-STEP
FOOD SAFETY
VERIFIED EXTRUSION CERTIFICATION
SANITATION CONTROL

PLANT CERTIFICATION

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Figure 3: Rainbow trout
with petechial lesions
around the operculum
(a) and the mouth and
tongue (b) after artificial
infection with Y. ruckeri.
Image (c) shows the
internal organs after
infection. Of particular
interest are the petechial
lesions on the pyloric
caeca (arrow) and the
blood filled intestine
(arrowhead).

P.O. Box 8
100 Airport Road
Sabetha, KS 66534, USA
Phone: 785-284-2153
Fax: 785-284-3143
extru-techinc@extru-techinc.com
www.extru-techinc.com

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 43

ET-275C.indd 1

12/22/15 3:33 PM

Figure 4: Survival of fish fed either a control diet, or diet

supplemented with AquaStar Growout (low and high dose)
after Y. ruckeri challenge.

In the fish challenged by immersion, mortality remained

unchanged (approximately 30%) by dietary regime. In the
cohabitation infection route group, mortality was 10 percent in
control fish, while no mortalities were observed in fish treated
with Biotronic Top3 (Figure 2). Fish surviving the challenge
were examined for the presence of A. salmonicida using
microbiological and molecular methods.
Many of these fish tested positive for the pathogen, suggesting
that they might be asymptomatic carriers. The proportion of
carrier fish was lower in the Biotronic Top3 group (25%) when
compared with those that received a control diet without the
supplement (75%). These results suggest that Biotronic Top3
may help to provide protection against A. salmonicida and also
to reduce the spread of disease by removing the pathogen from
previously infected fish.

Probiotics

Figure 5: Survival of fish fed either a control diet, or diet

supplemented with Levabon Aquagrow after Y. ruckeri
challenge.

Acidifiers

Acidifiers represent an exciting approach to pathogen control.

Acidifiers have two modes of action; firstly in their dissociated
form they create a hostile environment for pathogens by lowering
the pH. Secondly, they can have a direct antimicrobial effect
by entering pathogenic cells. Once in the cytoplasm the acids
will dissociate, reducing cytoplasmic pH, disrupting protein and
enzyme synthesis and ultimately killing the pathogen from the
inside.
Biotronic Top3 (BIOMIN GmbH) is a commercial acid-based
product that contains a phytochemical component which prevents
bacterial pathogens from dividing, and also has a quorum
quenching effect by disrupting bacterial communication. In
order to improve the mode of action of the previous components,
Biotronic Top3 also includes a unique permeabilising complex
which weakens the cell wall of Gram-negative pathogens by
breaking down the lipopolysaccharide layer.
The efficacy of Biotronic Top3 in providing protection against
Aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout was assessed. Although
A. salmonicida infection is not unique to salmonids, it is the
etiological agent of furunculosis, a serious septicemic disease
which causes large losses within the salmonid industry (Figure
1). Rainbow trout were split into two triplicate treatments; a
control treatment fed a commercial diet and a test treatment
fed a commercial diet supplemented with Biotronic Top3
at a final dose of 0.8 g/kg. After 175 days, fish were exposed
to A. salmonicida via three routes of infection; challenge by
intraperitoneal (IP) injection, immersion and cohabitation. After
35 days the survival rates were assessed.
Unsurprisingly, IP injection caused the highest mortalities
when compared with other infection routes and the protective
effect of Biotronic Top3 was more pronounced in this group.
Rainbow trout in the control group showed 75 percent mortality,
significantly higher than the group receiving the Biotronic Top3
supplemented diet where mortality was just 30 percent.

Probiotics can also improve disease resistance in salmonids.

It is well known that probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria
(LAB), can inhibit pathogen growth directly via the production
of bacteriocins. In vitro trials demonstrate that the LAB strains
in AquaStar Growout (BIOMIN GmbH) can provide a broad
spectrum of antagonism against some of the most important
aquaculture pathogens including Aeromonas, Edwardsiella,
Streptococcus, Vibrio and Yersinia.
To investigate this effect in vivo, rainbow trout were split
into three treatments, control vs AquaStar Growout (at 2 g/
kg and 5 g/kg), fed for eight weeks and then subsequently
challenged with Yersinia ruckeri (via oral intubation). Y. ruckeri
is a Gram-negative pathogen which causes enteric red mouth
disease in salmonids (Figure 3). After two weeks the survival was
significantly higher (43% and 38%) in both AquaStar treatments
(low and high dose, respectively) when compared with the
control treatment (12%) (Figure 4).

Immune stimulation

While acidifiers, and to a certain extent probiotics, may improve

disease resistance by providing direct pathogen antagonism,
other feed additives may provide protection by stimulating the
hosts own immune system. For example, Levabon Aquagrow
E (BIOMIN GmbH) is an autolysed yeast product specifically
developed to bring immuno-modulatory benefits to aquatic
animals.
To test the effect on disease resistance, rainbow trout were split
into two treatments, control (basal diet) and a diet supplemented
with Levabon Aquagrow at 4 g/kg. After eight weeks of feeding
the experimental diets, fish were challenged with Y. ruckeri, via
immersion, at a dose of 1.6 x 104 CFU/ml. Dead and moribund
fish were monitored and after two weeks the survival rate was
calculated. In the unsupplemented control treatment, survival
was 68 percent, significantly lower than the Levabon Aquagrow
supplemented diets, where survival was 86 percent (Figure 5).

Conclusion

For some individuals, the issue of disease control in aquaculture

may appear as an insurmountable challenge. However, this
should be viewed as an opportunity to embrace and promote the
use of sustainable feed additives, such as enhanced acidifiers,
probiotics and immunostimulants. While the exact mechanisms
which underpin their effectiveness may still elude us, it is clear
that their use in aquafeeds can provide protection against a range
of pathogens, ultimately resulting in improved survival, improved
production and consequently higher profitability.

44 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

THE FAIVRE EQUIPPED TROUT FARMS OF ABBEVILLE

Amidst the
picturesque
countryside of
Abbeville, Northern
France, Darren Parris,
Tom Blacker and
Peter Parker from
the International
Aquafeed team, spent
an afternoon late
last year visiting
trout farms. Our
hosts were Phillip
Jorgensen, fish farms
manager, and Aubert
Faivre, who is sales
manager for Faivre.

anaging a proud total of nine sites located within an hours drive of

Abbeville, Mr Jorgensen has personally been fish farming since 2006.
However, his family originally began fish farming in Denmark in
1893, before moving to farm in France in the 1930s.
Mr Jorgensen told our party that his family has been using Faivre
products for a long time as they are better than the more expensive
alternatives.
Founded in 1958, Faivre is a globally competitive company boasting
almost 60 years
of aquacultural experience with a wide range to offer
from individual products to full installation.
Faivre focus on producing machinery that is strong,
effective and simple. Their range of products includes
fish graders, counters, elevators, and pumps, as well
as drum filters, leaf screeners, floating surface aerators
and diffuser pipes.

Water quality equipment, silage filters and

aerators

Throughout our day with Mr Joregensen and Mr

Faivre, we visited three farms where we saw a vast
array of Favire products in action.
On every single one of the sites, there was a Faivre
Drum Filter Rotoclean installed. The function of
this particular piece of equipment is to ensure strict
filtration of outgoing effluent flows.
The water that is to be filtered is directed into the
rotating drum. Inside the drum there are steel plates
covered in a stainless steal mesh. The filter functions to
collect solids larger than the perforations in the mesh
as it rotates, containing them in the drum.
Collected solids are removed via a discharge channel
located on the top of the drum.
Mr Jorgensen informed our party that the filter is
easy to maintain and that it does not take long to
remove, clean and replace the filter plates.
All of the sites we visited had numerous aerators
installed; these are devices that spray water into the air,
leading to an increased contact of the water with the
atmosphere. The result is increased oxygen levels of
the water.

Fish handling machinery: fish pumps, graders

and counters

When we arrived at one of the sites, the farmers were

busy counting fish from multiple sections of the farm,
a task that can take all day. However, they were aided
by a variety of specialised fish handling equipment.
This equipment included the Faivre Pescamotion Fish
Pump. This product is a simple pump that is used to
shift salmonids that weigh anywhere between 5 and
46 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

550 grams from the pond to be graded and counted and then moved back into the adequate section of the farm.
It was then imparted to our party that the pumps are capable of moving 6-8 tons per hour and are lightweight and
mobile making them easy to maneuver around the premises.
After being propelled through the pipes via the pump, the trout arrive at the fish grader, or more specifically the
Faivre Helio Fish Grader. Using this grader the trout are sorted and graded accurately down to the millimetre using
Vernier scales, then according to their size are directed out through either the left or right side of the grader.
When I asked Mr Faivre what it is that is unique about his fish grader opposed to the others on the market, he told
me that It is the slow pushing system (SPS) that sets their graders apart from others in the industry, adding that this
feature also reduces the amount of stress put on the fish. This element of the process owes much to the sophisticated
water delivery system employed, as well as the fact that ramps are constantly sprayed.
After the fish are graded out of the Helio, they are then fed into the Faivre Pescavision Fish Counters that
automatically count them as they pass through the machine.
The fish counters operate using Infrared LED technology, and the only adjustment that is required is to select a
sleeve to fit inside the counter depending on the desired size of fish.

Farms overview

In between being introduced to the Faivre technology which helps to run the trout farms, we asked Mr Jorgensen
about the general day to day running of the farms including the trout raised, how he goes about monitoring the nine
sites, and what challenges he faces.
Every site we visited produced either Rainbow or Brown trout, and operated using fresh water from springs or rivers; an

According to Mr
Jorgensen, the
trout raised on
sites typically have
an FCR (food
conversion rate) of
around one and are
fed on a variety of
Skretting feeds - one
of the global leaders
in providing nutrition
solutions for the
aquaculture industry
for the production of
shrimp and fish.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 47

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

(L-R) Peter Parker, Phillip Jorgensen,

Aubert Faivre, Darren Parris

48 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

abundant resource throughout the Picardie region. The trout raised

range from one gram to a maximum of 10kg, offering both diploid
and triploid type fish. They do not produce their own eggs at any
of their sites but rather purchase them from a supplier in France.
When asked about the price of trout in France, Mr Jorgensen
said the price of trout here is okay Mr Jorgensen also exports
to a number of countries.
According to Mr Jorgensen, the trout raised on sites typically
have an FCR (feed conversion rate) of around one and are fed
on a variety of Skretting feeds - one of the global leaders in
providing nutrition solutions for the aquaculture industry for the
production of shrimp and fish.
Having nine trout farms to operate, Mr Jorgensen has had
to think of innovative ways to keep a watchful eye on the
activity. Our party was also shown a software programme called
Nova-Fish that uses internet powered facilities that have been
installed at each of his nine sites, thus allowing him to monitor

and graph each batch of fish remotely.

Real time and historical information on variables such as
growth, FCR, oxygen levels, and more is readily available to
him from the office, a tool that Mr Jorgensen said he values
greatly and allows him excellent traceability.

Closing thoughts

After a pleasant day visiting the trout farms it was great to see
the care and effort being put into the raising of these trout under
Mr Jorgensens management.
Plainly evident is the strong relationship the Jorgensen family
has developed with Faivre over the years- and it was a pleasure
to finally be able to see the aforementioned equipment in use.
The same technology discussed throughout this article can
be observed at a variety of aquaculture exhibitions throughout
2016, perhaps most notably they will attend Aquaculture UK
(Stand 41).

49 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

THE USE OF FEED IN RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS (RAS)

One of the greatest
operating costs in
aquaculture is the
use of commercial
feed pellets, which
can comprise of up
to 50-60 percent
of total expense
in some farms.

by Rob J Davies
Aquabiotech
Group

n traditional forms of net-pen culture, the composition and wastage of these pellets is very
relevant to maintaining good growth of the species being grown, managing expenditure and
minimising environmental impacts on the surrounding water bodies. Ultimately, they do not
have a large effect overall on their operation as a system. In RAS however, these frequently
overlooked considerations, especially by new operators, are extremely important and their lack
of understanding can easily lead to the failure and loss of the facilitys economic viability.
As a commercial scale farm manager for several RAS farms over the years, I have seen and
overcome many of the problems associated with using commercial pellets formulated for netpen culture and the implications of overfeeding of these pellets on a filtration system. Unlike
flow- through or net-pen systems, any pellets that are not eaten by the cultured species are retained in the
system and must be processed by the RAS.
This is potentially a major problem as the filtration systems are designed to process faeces and not pellets,
which can be four times as dense. The leeching of oils from the pellets interferes with the foam fractionators
or protein skimmers in the systems that are responsible for removing micro-particulate organic material
from the water body, reducing the optimal water quality and clarity that must be maintained in order to
achieve the fast growth rates required to make a RAS profitable.
Another effect of uneaten pellets is the overloading on the mechanical filtration process
responsible for removing the macro-particulate organic material from the system, this
can cause the overflowing of these filters, which introduce these particles into the
bio-filter (often the next filtration process in the sequence in RAS), diminishing
its capacity to process the toxic inorganic compounds, such as ammonia,
released by the organisms being grown.
If the degree of overfeeding is frequent or severe, this bio-filtration
process provided by nitrifying bacteria (that take up to eight weeks to
establish), can be overcome by heterotrophic bacteria feeding on the
supply of organic material and cause a total failure of the system. The
outcome being that the toxic inorganic compounds, that are no longer

50 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

being filtered will build up in the RAS and
kill the cultured organisms within a matter of
days.
There are also several other factors that
are relevant to overfeeding in these systems
that effect the RAS farms operating costs
and efficiencies, apart from the obvious extra
expense of the wasted feed, also relevant for
net-pen and flow-through systems. Such as:

RAS farming is a
lot more complex
than the traditional
methods
and a lack of
appreciation of this
will mean that the
system is doomed
to fail, like so many
have before.
However, there are
strategies, solutions
and safeguards
that are currently
being developed
to minimise the
risk of these
problems from
occurring, such as
working with feed
manufacturers
to develop feeds
especially for RAS.

Diminished oxygen injection transfer

efficiency, used to maintain optimal levels
for growth and health, especially during
handling and feeding events;
Loss of appetite due to reduced water
quality and clarity, hence lower growth and
harvest sizes;
An increase in vectors for pathogens or
parasites (in the form of available organic
particulate material);
And the potential for unprocessed
antibacterial treatments (that may be used)
entering the bio-filter, which would also
kill the nitrifying bacteria, allowing for
the toxic inorganic materials to flourish
and risking the health of the cultured
organisms.

RAS farming is more complex than

traditional methods
As evident in these problems I have

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International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 51

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Unlike flow- through

or net-pen systems,
any pellets that are
not eaten by the
cultured species
are retained in the
system and must be
processed by the
RAS. This is potentially
a major problem as
the filtration systems
are designed to
process faeces
and not pellets,
which can be four
times as dense.
The leeching of oils
from the pellets
interferes with the
foam fractionators
or protein skimmers
in the systems that
are responsible for
removing microparticulate organic
material from
the water body,
reducing the optimal
water quality and
clarity that must
be maintained in
order to achieve
the fast growth rates
required to make a
RAS profitable

explained, that can occur from a simple matter of putting too much feed into a tank (or at too greater speed or
in too small of an area for the feeding rate of the organisms to cope with), RAS farming is a lot more complex
than the traditional methods and a lack of appreciation of this will mean that the system is doomed to fail, like
so many have before.
However, there are strategies, solutions and safeguards that are currently being developed to minimise the
risk of these problems from occurring, such as working with feed manufacturers to develop feeds especially for
RAS.
This includes altering the density of the pellet to maximise availability during tank turnover time; modifying
oil content and composition to reduce the effect of uneaten pellets on the micro- and macro-mechanical
filtration processes so that particulates are prevented from compromising the bio-filter; and the development of
technological by-passes, warning devices and innovative equipment and system design.

Maximising potential and economic viability

This is what we offer at AquaBioTech Group, using our knowledge, experience and innovation, taken from
the various different backgrounds of our consultants and the testing of our RAS equipment and development of
new ideas and system designs in our R&D Facility based in Malta.
The special training and after care service contract that we provide as standard to every one of our clients that
we build systems for ensures that the RAS we design and the feeding management strategies that we advise,
minimise the risk of such problems occurring, therefore maximising the potential and economic viability of the
farms and the future of sustainability of aquaculture in general.

52 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

DONT MISS THE UKS LARGEST AQUACULTURE

EXHIBITION AND CONFERENCE

25 & 26 MAY 2016 AVIEMORE, SCOTLAND

An international event with visitors from over 30 countries, meet:

Visit www.aquacultureuk.com for more information

or contact info@aquacultureuk.com

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

"Now in its 10th year, Aquaculture UK is the most important aquaculture exhibition and conference
held in the British Isles. Each time it is held it gets bigger and more valuable to the industry"

TECHNOLOGY
N
ow in its 10th year, Aquaculture UK is firmly established as
the pinnacle aquaculture exhibition and conference, held
in the British Isles. Located in Aveimore on the doorstep of
the Cairngorms National Park, nestled among the lochs
and glens of the Scottish countryside, this picturesque
setting offers a beautiful backdrop for the discussion of all things
aqua. A truly international event, all major players on the global
aquaculture stage will be in attendance
One major aspect of the show weve noted here at International
Aquafeed is the focus on technology. The exhibition offers
an invaluable opportunity for companies to display new
technologies and products. This Technology on display
demonstrates directly to the buyers and suppliers where the
industry is headed and how to get the best in new technology to
suit your aquaculture needs.
The event boasts that, No other event in the British Isles provides
aquaculture professionals with such direct access to qualified
buyers and suppliers from all over the globe representing all
aspects of the aquaculture industry. So we decided to get in
touch will all the attendees and offer them the opportunity to
promote their major product in the magazine. Over the next few
pages you can see what will be on offer and where!

Tom
Blacker

Andrew
Wilkinson

I N C O R P O R AT I N G
F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

Roger
Gilbert

Malachi
Stone

Tuti
Tan

Darren
Parris

Come and meet the

International Aquafeed team
at Aquaculture UK (Stand #53)

DISPLAY

STAND

#116

KJ: Offshore fish farming cages and heavy duty

catamarans
KJ is dedicated to the aquaculture industry in the North
Atlantic. Their products have proven their strength and
durability in the most exposed locations in the world. KJ has achieved
success as a comprehensive component supplier and repair service
provider, dedicated to satisfy the requirements of the international
maritime market.
KJ now has a specialist department solely devoted to serving the shipping
industry. This department includes a consultancy and the sale of a
comprehensive stock of technical components. These components range
from the smallest nut to every revolving part onboard a vessel.
www.kj.fo

STAND

#121

Slvtrans: Wellboat Companies

Slvtrans is the worlds largest company for the
transport of live salmon and trout. They are at
the forefront of closed system technology; an environmentally friendly
concept that limits the danger of infection, has a positive effect on animal
welfare and enables cost effective transportation and handling of fish.
Their fleet consists of 18 modern Wellboats that are mainly employed
on long-term contracts with leading fish-farming companies in Norway,
Scotland, Canada, Chile and Australia.
www.solvtrans.no

STAND

#118

Fusion Marine Mpende Fisheries Tilapia

farm, Zambia
Global aquaculture equipment supplier Fusion Marine
is a specialist in pilot projects, offering the complete
package of equipment, design, engineering,
consultancy and project management expertise.
One recent project was for a new tilapia farm for Mpende Fisheries in
Zambia. Featuring 18 Fusion Marine Aquaflex pens, the farm was designed
in a vertically integrated manner, incorporating the entire process from
broodstock management right up to harvest.
Locally recruited personnel who have been trained specifically on site
largely operate the farm.
www.fusionmarine.com

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

STAND

#62

VAKI: Biomass Daily

Get more confident about the exact size of your
fish. With a scanning frame placed in each
cage, fish are continually measured with pinpoint accuracy, providing
information that is updated on a half-hourly basis.
The data accessed online, can be used to measure how well the fish are
growing, based on actual measurements rather than on estimation or
projections.
We can provide you information for every site and every cage; the daily
overview of average weight, size distribution, condition-factor and growth
is available 24/7.
www.vaki.is

STAND

#92

FishFarmFeeder: Hatchery feeder

for larvae and juvenile
FishFarmFeeder is a Company that only
manufactures Aquaculture Feeding Systems with a complete catalogue
of solutions. Feeders can be customised for each fish farm and species,
including our Centralised Feeders, Feed Barges and Hatchery Feeders.
Our feeders are also fully controlled by a PLC and open software. Only top
brand components are selected for the feeders, with support and parts
available worldwide.
www.fishfarmfeeder.com

#119

STAND

STAND

#63

Linde Gases: Solvox Dropin

Today, more than 45 percent of the worlds
seafood comes from land-based or offshore
fish farms. To meet the demand for healthy
and sustainable farmed fish, Linde has recently launched its SOLVOX
DropIn technology. The system represents an innovative way to improve
delivery of oxygen into fish farming sea cages that are experiencing poor
oxygen levels, and is well suited to sea cage oxygenation during sea lice
treatment.
Compact and lightweight, DropIn has been specifically designed for ease
of operation when oxygenating sea cages, and can be easily lowered to
a desired water depth using just a small crane.
www.linde.com

PCI: DOCS 500

Oxygen for Aquaculture just got easier! Ideal for
aquaculture operations, ponds, raceways, recirculation systems,flow through, sea cage, net pens
and hatchery operations and features:
Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)
technology designed for low cost high
volume oxygen production.
Uses half the
power required
by PSA systems
and has a
proprietary
reversible
blower. So no
air compressor
required.
Economic
alternative to
Liquid Oxygen
or PSA systems
VSA Systems
available from
150 kg per day, up to 19
tonnes per day.
Introducing the New Generation Deployable Oxygen Concentrator
System (DOCS) 500, now with even Lower Power production.
www.pcigases.com

STAND

#104

Aquaculture UK welcomes bona fide trade

visitors and those with commercial,
academic or similar interests in
aquaculture. Admission is free.
The dates for 2016 are May 25th and 26th.
Opening hours are:
Wednesday 25th May 1000 - 1800
Thursday 26th May 1000 - 1700

Reliant Installations: quality containment

and storage solutions
Reliant Installations is your answer to world-class quality
containment and storage solutions. We provide end-toend supply and installation solutions and services for the
aquaculture, agricultural, industrial and municipal sectors.
Some of our specialised products include on land salmon
rearing tanks, Anaerobic Digestion (AD) and Biogas
industry tanks as well as agricultural and municipal slurry stores.
Our product range includes a wide variety of products manufactured in
the UK which includes Permastore Glass-fused-to-Steel tanks and silos.
Reliant Installations also provides engineering and installation support
services.
www.reliant-tanks.co.uk

STAND

#OS6

OBE Waste and Agri

Engineering Ltd: Masterburn MB1000AQ
incinerator
This addition to their aqua range of
marine incinerators features stainless steel
construction and is specifically designed for
the aquaculture industry. With low running
costs, it is a cost effective, bio-secure solution.
OBE Waste and Agri Engineering Ltd, who manufacture equipment for the
agricultural, construction and waste industries throughout Europe and the
world, manufacture Masterburn incinerators.
They specialise in the design, development and manufacture of
agricultural trailers, attachments for materials handling and incinerators for
waste disposal.
www.obewasteandagri.com

STAND

#75

STAND

STAND

#122

Europharma: SuperSmolt
For the last 10 years, the Scottish
Aquaculture industry has been using the
SuperSmolt programme to produce tens of millions of optimally smoltified
salmon from tank-based systems. SuperSmolt continues to provide clear
benefits for both smolt producers and ongrowers.
SuperSmolt fish never desmoltify, giving you greater control over seawater
transfer dates. The programme can be used to optimise production
by producing smolts earlier or larger. It improves health and welfare by
reducing stress, disease susceptibility and mortality following transfer.
SuperSmolt fish also come on to feed quicker and more evenly post
transfer.
The new SuperSmolt Feed Only programme makes application simpler by
removing the need for mineral treatments and it can be applied in both
freshwater cages and hatcheries.
www.europharma-uk.com

#69

Aquamaof: RAS
The RAS from Aquamaof offers lower
overall production cost with electricity use less than seven percent of
production cost. lower and due to the closed systems, there are no
diseases and parasites and a high level of biosecurity eliminates the risk of
diseases.
The unique design also means that there is no impact from weather and
uniform fish size due to stable conditions for maintenance and the use of a
controlled production system means that fish are the right size at right time.
www.aquamaof.com

AquaProcess - Pesca Pex

Pesca Pex the new high performing feeding
pipe for fish farming. This product provides
valuable advantages for the fish and for the farmer: No feed dust or
broken pellets, very little abrasion, very smooth inner surface prevent
static electricity, and a flexible outer surface that reduces maintenance
and damage to the pipe. Pesca Pex is tested best in test and guarantees
performance up to 3 years or 2000 tons of feed.
www.aquaprocess.dk

#84

STAND

STAND

#95

Pacific Trading: Otohime EP

Post vaccine diet for lumpfish
premium Japanese made fish diet
recognised as worlds best for fin fish.
Balanced diet with excellent taste
ideally suited for virtually all fin
fish species, allowing amazing
cleanliness with high shape
retention in water and also
contains a high percentage of
quality krill meal for better colour
enhancement of fish and higher
attractiveness. Sizes: available in
1.3mm and 1.7mm
Otohime is made from highlyselected raw materials witheasily
digested protein and high quality
lipids to promote the vitality of fish.
Otohime has an excellent balance
of dha, phospholipid,
vitamins and minerals to provide
the required nutrients for
the fish at their initial growth stage.
Otohime features -glucan-containing yeast cell walls for the healthy
growth of the fish. Improved production technology makes excellent
dispersibility on water surface, ideal sinking speed and excellent water
stability.
www.ptaqua.eu

Deep Trekker: DTG2 ROV

Aquaculture Package
The ultimate ROV package for your aquaculture operations. Equipped with
a DTG2 Smart ROV that includes the ROV system, hand-held controller with
super bright viewing screen, 75 M of tether on a tether reel, carrying case,
and sensors that display depth, heading, temperature and more.
Add an auxiliary camera, auxiliary lights, and mort digger to help manage
morts. With this package you receive everything you need to maintain your
farm and perform instant inspections from anywhere on your farm site.
www.deeptrekker.com

Industry Events
Events listing

First edition of Pancosma Annual

Reunion (PAR) focuses on non-nutrition

n 25-26 May 2016

Pancosma & Associates biggest corporate event of the year, the Pancosma
Annual Reunion (PAR), was held in Montreux, Switzerland, from 14 17
March, 2016. The 4-day event featured an impressive lineup of invited
speakers from the field of animal nutrition, along with Pancosmas own
technical experts, sales and marketing teams. Seminars and workshops
provided a comprehensive overview of the latest product development in the
context of the cutting edge research in animal nutrition.
The first edition of the PAR was entitled Building on legacy, introducing
non-nutrition. During his opening speech, Dr Goetz Gotterbarm, CEO of
Pancosma & Associates, highlighted the companys rich history of research
and innovation, and outlined the future direction of the company by growing
on the foundations of its legacy.
PAR 2016 also provided a platform for Pancosma to unveil its next
generation of functional feed additives based on the non-nutrition approach,
the NEX range. Earlier this year in February, Pancosma launched the nonnutrition concept, a new addition to its series of concepts for animal nutrition.
Non-nutrition builds on the legacy of the revolutionary Gut Effects concept
first developed by the company, and promoted as Intelligent Gut Action.
Non-nutrition
This novel concept reveals the increasingly important role of a category
of dietary compounds, called non-nutrients, and their effects, which extend
beyond the benefits of nutrients to positively impact animal productivity.
Nutrients, such as proteins, amino acids, and minerals, provide the building
blocks and energy for an organism to grow.
On the other hand, non-nutrients do not have an impact on the nutritional
content of feed. Instead, they enhance productivity through non-nutritional
mechanisms, resulting in the regulation of the immune and endocrine
systems, metabolism, and the gut microflora. Therefore, non-nutrients,
defined as substances with no nutritional value, can be integrated into
nutritional strategies, to optimise the animal diet, maximise productivity and
performance, and lower feed costs.
NEXt generation of functional feed additives
The translation of the non-nutrition concept into effective feed additives to
optimise animal production resulted in the NEX range. The first two products
in this range are NexUlin and NexTend, designed for peri-peak application to
fuel milk production while optimising feed efficiency in dairy cows, and to
maintain stable egg production during the end of the laying period in laying
hens, respectively.

Aquaculture UK 2016
http://aquacultureuk.com

n 02-04 June 2016

Middle East Aquaculture Forum

www.meaf.ae/meaf16

n 04-06 June 2016

FutureFish Eurasia 2016

www.future-fish.com

n 07-08 June 2016

Pelleting of compound feed

www.iff-braunschweig.de

n 27-29 July 2016

Indo Livestock
www.indolivestock.com

n 08-09 August 2016

Aqua Fisheries Cambodia 2016

www.veas.com.vn

n 20-23 September 2016

Aquaculture Europe
www.easonline.org

n 27-28 September 2016

Humber Seafood Summit
www.seafish.org

n 19-20 October 2016

FIGAP 2016
www.figap.com

n 24-28 October 2016

The Micronutrient Forum - Mexico

www.was.org

n 09-11 November 2016

Taiwan International Fisheries and

Seafood Show
www.taiwanfishery.com

n 15-18 November 2016

EuroTier
http://eurotier.com

n 28 November 2016

For more industry event information

- visit our events register
www.aquafeed.co.uk

Latin American & Caribbean

Aquaculture 2016
www.was.org

Aquavision
OUR CONFERENCES

I N C O R P O R AT I N G
F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

International Aquafeed also organises

conferences - we will be working with
VIV to host the Aquatic series in 2016

Aquavision, the world's premier business conference on Aquaculture, will take

place on 13-15 June in Stavanger, Norway, attracting some 400 participants
from over 40 countries to the heart of one of the world's most innovative
aquaculture regions.
This year's crop of speakers includes Jim Lawless, CEO of The Velocity
Corporation; Alf-Helge Aarskog, CEO, Marine Harvest ASA; Prof Daniel
Berckmans, Head of M3-Biores Division, University of Leuven; Andrew
Mallison, Director General, IFFO; Prof Jamie Anderson, Professor of
Strategic Management at Antwerp Management School; Trude Olafsen,
AKVA group's manager of strategic innovation projects; and globallyrecognised policy and communications consultant Avrim Lazar.
www.aquavision.org

58 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events
Taiwan International
Fisheries and Seafood
Show, 9th to 11th
November 2016
The Taiwan International Fisheries and
Seafood Show 2016, co-hosted by the
Taiwan External Trade Development
Council (TAITRA) and WES Worldwide
Expo, will take place on November 9th11th at the Kaohsiung Exhibition Hall on
a larger scale this year. The show has been
open for registration since April 7.
This is the biggest professional exhibition
in Taiwan, connecting suppliers,
wholesalers and retailers in the fishery
industry. With 250 local and international
exhibitors on more than 500 booths, and a
variety of displays, the show is expected
to attract over 7000 domestic and foreign
professional visitors, bringing in huge
business opportunities in one platform.
According to TAITRA, the first edition of
the show saw 215 exhibitors in 418 booths
last year and attracted 6500 visitors,
including 700 professional buyers from
abroad. After the expo, international
media posted stories on the event, giving

Taiwans fisheries and seafood industries

greater visibility and exposure on the
international stage.
The second edition of the expo will, for
the first time, include a section for fisheries
biotechnology. The new inclusion is aimed
at promoting the development potential
of the local fisheries and showcasing the
trends of the local industry. TAITRA hopes
to create a more competitive platform for
exhibitors.
A century has passed since Taiwan
started its fishery industry, which has
achieved a balanced development in
fishing, aquaculture, seafood processing,
equipment manufacturing and logistic
services. As an island country, Taiwan has
an advantage in fishery development, with
southern Taiwan being a place of great
importance. In 2013, Taiwans fishery
industry reached a US$3 billion annual
production value, with 300,000 employees
in related jobs, and was even ranked as
having the worlds third-largest catch in
pelagic fishing.
Taiwans fishery industry and its
production value have thus played a
vital part on the international market.
The technology and innovation skills
demonstrated by local companies

have made them stand out from their

international counterparts.
Times are changing and the world
is now seeing growing concern over
environmental issues. The fishery industry
now faces a global crisis as we are
draining ocean resources. With a firm
industrial foundation and world-leading
technologies, Taiwan is now able to
artificially breed over 100 aquatic species,
including being one of the first nations
to successfully breed six of the seven
artificially bred grouper species in the
world.
Owning a complete germplasm bank,
the fishing industry is the typical hidden
champion of Taiwans traditional
industries, providing the perfect edge for
global industrial transition and upgrade.
The Taiwan International Fisheries and
Seafood Show will present a complete
picture of the accomplishments that
Taiwans fishery industry has achieved,
and will serve as the best platform in
Asia for promoting sustainable fishery
and seafood transactions. The expo will
see manufacturers, suppliers and retailers
from the industry gather at the same venue
and will again promote Taiwans fishery
industry successfully on the world stage.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 59

Industry Events

THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETYS ASIAN PACIFIC AQUACULTURE

(APA) 2016 CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION by Peter Parker, International Aquafeed
INVE Aquaculture
team at their stand
following their Care
for Growth, The New
INVE press release

Riduan Effendi, Randy

Soewarno, Wan Arfian,
Luky Rasmawan, and
Arwita Hapsari of DSM
Indonesia at their stand

The World Aquaculture Societys Asian Pacific

Aquaculture (APA) 2016 Conference and
Exposition was held at the Grand City Convention
Centre in Surabaya, Indonesia, between Tuesday
26 April and Friday 29 April, 2016.
Hosted by the Ministry for Marine Affairs and
Fisheries (MMAF), the four-day event boasted a
record number of visitors; with 220 booths, 4000
attendees and 1500 conference attendees, a total
of 5500 people from over 75 different countries
came to the event, where the theme this year was
Profitability, Sustainability, and Responsibility for
the Future
This theme permeated throughout the show,
with information on these key ideas disseminated
through the means of scientific posters, oral
presentations, and of course the interactions
between the many attendees and exhibitors. As
well as this, the trade show featured 10 concurrent
sessions including Technical and Farmers day
seminars
A truly International show
I was in attendance in my capacity as
International Aquafeed magazines editorial team
member, alongside our Asian-Pacific editorial
representative and Director of Aquaculture without
Frontiers, Roy Palmer.
From my personal interactions it seemed as
though attendees were mainly from but not
limited to Indonesia and the nearby South East
Asian countries of Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam,
Malaysia, and the Philippines.

According to frequent attendees of Indonesian

aquaculture shows, this event had many high
quality attendees and exhibitors when compared
to other local events. The general consensus
for this seemed to be that it was not only due
to the booming growth in the South East Asian
Aquaculture industry; but also because the
Indonesian events IndoAqua 2016 (Indonesian
Aquaculture), FITA 2016 (Technical Innovation
Forum Aquaculture) were held the day prior.
In addition to this, the ISTA 2016 (Eleventh
International Symposium on Tilapia in
Aquaculture) was held under the same roof,
boosting international interest. This combination
meant that there were many International as well as
local visitors.
WAS Student volunteers were always on hand
From the registration on the first day until the
show close on Friday, it must be acknowledged that
the WAS student volunteers from local universities
were an excellent help whenever they could be,
whether you needed directions to a presentation or
a code for the WI-FI, the student volunteers were
always smiling and available to help at their booths
in the entrance hall.
I was fortunate enough to have the opportunity to
attend the WAS Student quiz night, hosted at the
Santika Indonesia Hotel. Randomly sorted groups
of local and international aquaculture students
competed in a variety of both fun and intellectual
challenges in order to try and take a share of the
whopping $4000 USD cash prize pool.

60 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events
Prize money was distributed between the aquaculture quiz, best
national dress contest, a catwalk competition, and the student
talent show.
It was a very enjoyable evening where students were given
an opportunity to network, make themselves memorable in
the contests, and pocket some cash for their efforts (not to be
overlooked as finances can be tight as a student!), and of course
have some fun.
New products and innovations
As is the case at most major trade shows, some companies
took the opportunity at this event to launch their new products,
technologies, and innovations.
One of these companies was Evonik Industries who launched
their innovative new feed additive called INAQUA Met-Met
which is their first peptide specifically developed for the aqua
industry as it has a low-water solubility and therefore the leeching
of the feed nutrients can be mimalised. You can read more about
INAQUA Met-Met in this issue of International Aquafeed on
page 36.
Another company to make an announcement at APA 2016
was INVE Aquaculture who held a press release on Care for
Growth, their new approach to branding their company. With the
recent merging of Benchmark and INVE Aquaculture, together
they will offer a holistic approach to caring for growth in the
industry.
According to Philippe Leger, CEO of INVE Aquaculture
Benchmarks toolbox of animal health and breeding solutions
will complete INVE Aquacultures current offering of advanced
nutrition and health products. Together they are becoming

One of many presentations

given at APA 2016

At the Evonik stand, Alexandros

Samartzis, Albert Tacon, Gaelle
Husser, Grant Xie, Maskur, and
Mercyawati Subianto

Indo Fisheries16_Perendale_Cetak.ai 1 22/03/2016 10:42:57

CM

MY

CY

CMY

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 61

Song and dance at the opening

evening of APA 2016

Excitement in the crowd following the

opening celebration of APA 2016

Industry Events
a unique knowledge and solutions platform that supports their
customers in taking better care throughout the culture lifecycle.

The Blue Aqua team

at their stand

The Phileo team at their stand,

Aurore de Vienne, Le Trong Tri,
and Philippe Tacon
The outstanding WAS Student volunteers
gather in the entrance hall for a group photo

Mlanie Guedon and Lionel

Flament of Soleval at their stand

Local and International

Aquaculture students work
together during the WAS student
evening aquaculture quiz

The winning group for the

Aquaculture quiz at the WAS
Students evening, awarded
$500 USD

So, what did the attendees think of the exhibition?

I managed to catch up with European Aquaculture Society member
for over 16 years, Dr. Kai-J. Khlmann the Head Technical Manager
of Feed Additives for Trouw Nutrition, who has recently written
for another Perendale Publishers publication, Milling and Grain
magazine contributing to our Commodities section. We had a
discussion about his attendance and the exhibition overall.
Trouw Nutrition were there together with its Sister company
Skretting. There were two products in particular they were presenting
at the show, Dr Khlmann explained that, one is a mycotoxin binder
product which then combines with a technical laboratory which
we will product-bundle to high quality standard feed mills in order
for them to check for themselves, right on the spot, the mycotoxin
levels. That machine is called the Mycomaster, which provides an
analysis for the six leading mycotoxin levels of a feed material to a
specific detail in just five minutes. An important device as we now
use more plant materials in aquaculture feeds.
Having attended Asian-Pacific Aquaculture shows in the past, he had
the following to say when I asked him how this one compared, I have
been to a couple of these events in the past, the last one I remember
was in India many years ago. One thing I have seen in common is
that once these events start in a region or in a respective country,
there becomes a very strong presence for that country. Now we have
a very strong presence here in Indonesia, we have seen a lot of very
good posters and presentations on present research. There have been
students, farmers and many different visitors to the booth.
Philippe Tacon of Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, who is the Sales
Manager for South East Asia was at his stand and we had a chance to
discuss the event. They were launching two products at the show, one
was a re-launch of SafMannan but this time specifically for aquaculture.
The second was an aquaculture specific product called Aquasaf.
Aquasaf is a product directly for the farmers so that they can have
a better growth and health performance for both fish and shrimp.
Two formulas are available, one for hatchery starter and one for
grow-out, explained Mr Tacon.
When I asked him for his thoughts on the show, he had the
following to say, APA shows in the past few years have been quite
different for us, the one in Vietnam was our first one as exhibitors,
and the one in JeJu (Korea) lacked attendance, perhaps because of
the high cost to send people there or because Korea is not yet a major
aquaculture market."
Whereas Indonesia has been a booming country in terms of
aquaculture development, for the past two years at least. There is a
strong push from the government in regards to aquaculture in Indonesia.
The attendance and the quality of this show is also very good because a
lot of companies have come and invested in larger booths. The show is
professionally organised, so overall I have been impressed.
Looking forward to 2017 and beyond
The gold sponsor for the event was Blue Aqua who housed an
impressive two story tower in the centre of the trade show.
Session sponsers included Evonik Industries, AquaFish Innovation
Lab, Rabobank, MSD Animal Health, and INVE Aquaculture.
Next year we have Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2017 to look forward
to which will be held at the Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala
Lumpar, Malaysia from August 26th until August 27th.
Overall APA 2016 was very successful, so much so that I have
heard from the organiser that there are discussions already underway
to hold the World Aquaculture Society meeting, World Aquaculture
2020 in Indonesia.

62 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

Innovative Aquaculture under Environmental Challenges

Sheraton Convention Centre

Lima, Peru
November 28 - December 1, 2016

LA

TI
N

RI
BB

EAN CHAPT

ER

Organised by the Latin American & Caribbean Chapter of WAS

C
AM
ER I C A N &

Hosted by : Ministry of Production Peru

For More Information Contact:

For More Information Contact:

Conference Manager
Conference Manager
P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA
P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA
Tel: +1.760.751.5005
Fax: +1.760.751.5003
Tel: +1.760.751.5005
| Fax: |+1.760.751.5003
worldaqua@aol.com
| www.was.org
Email: Email:
worldaqua@aol.com
| www.was.org

Industry Events

Bjorn Karlsen, Director of

Sales, from AKVA Group ASA

Grand entrance to the

Seafood expo in Brussels

Clams at the Brussels SeaFood expo

The team from GlobalG.A.P

Mussels from Brussels

Selection of fish from
Brussels Seafood expo

Ryan and Torben from

Hvalpund Net

Cray Fish Christmas Tree

SEAFOOD EXPO GLOBAL

International Aquafeed and Fish Farming Technology magazine visit the Brussels SeaFood expo. The Brussels
Seafood Expo is the worlds largest seafood trade event. More than 26,000 buyers, suppliers, media, and
other seafood professionals from more than 140 countries visit the exposition. Attendees come to meet with existing suppliers, source new products and
network with other industry professionals. It is the global place where the seafood industry meets.

Giuliani Cassinotti from

Advanced Aquaculture on
floating nets
Max Goulden DIrector of MEC with
Darren Parris and Roger Gilbert of
International Aquafeed Magazine

Peter Rasmussen
from IRAS

Urban Hard from Arenco

Oysters from
Jersey Osyter

64 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

Gwendy Vernaillen and Bert

van Ommeren from Solid Pack
Fresh Sushi at the Brussels
Seafood Expo

Shrimp feed formulation,

just smarter.
You can count on AMINOShrimp to give you
the best recommendation for shrimp feed.
AMINOShrimp is an interactive and easy to use software
calculating amino acid recommendations for whiteleg shrimp.
The amino acid recommendations are provided according
to species-specific requirements and can be adjusted by the
user to different production scenarios.
animal-nutrition@evonik.com
www.evonik.com/animal-nutrition

FEATURE

Sustainable aquaculture takes centre stage at

Monaco Blue Initiative in Sao Paulo

by Roger Gilbert, Publisher and Roy Palmer, IAF Writer

razil Invest Worldwide through their delegates

Agostinho Turbian and Jose Podesta invited the
Monaco Blue Initiative (MBI) to Sao Paulo on April
3-4, 2016 extending the relationship with HSH Prince
Albert ll.
The event took place in the Palcio dos Bandeirantes
(Bandeirantes Palace), which is home to So Paulos
governor and holds a large and famous collection of art.
The Monaco Blue Initiative is an effective platform
for communication and exchange between representatives from different
backgrounds: scientific, entrepreneurial, political decision-makers and civil society.
It aims to analyze and put forward the possible synergies between the protection of
marine ecosystems and socio-economic development.
The theme of this years edition of the MBI was Sustainable aquaculture at the
heart of a blue economy.

66 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

Opening

The meeting was opened jointly by the Governor G. Alckmin

and Prince Albert ll with a glamorous cocktail party with the
presence of government authorities, business entrepreneurs and
delegates to MBI.
This was the 7th Edition of the MBI and it is getting an enviable
position where discussion about topics of high relevance is linked
to preservation of the seas and oceans and their sustainable
development.
Whilst Monaco is a small principality with an enviable quality of life
and has a strong and deep connection and knowledge of the oceans
through Prince Albert l, who was passionate about oceanography.
The Prince developed studies and research with a select
group of scientists which saw the beginning of the Monaco
Oceanographic Institute, a recognised world reference library on
oceanography.
Since Prince Albert lls accession as Sovereign in the
Principality he has shown great interest about the environment
and the protection of the oceans and seas. The MBI was launched
in 2010 and each Edition has engaged discussions pursued with
experts and decision makers worldwide on the various themes.
New challenges have raised the importance to establish a
sustainable production system. Aquaculture is opening new doors
and becoming an innovative source to extract more production
suitable for human consumption (with strong emphasis on
nutrition), energy, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc.

The Circular Economy

This edition also covered the circular economy in aquaculture,

questions about sustainability creating the ability to feed local
populations and, not forgetting, the role of Marine Protected
Areas in marine ecosystems which are exposed to climate change.
Brazil with about 3.5m km2 of water under its jurisdiction and
a massive 4500 miles of coastline has opportunity but currently
has low production coupled with low consumption of seafood.
There are over 200 million people in Brazil and their seafood
consumption is less than half of world average so there is great
scope for improvement.
The first session South America and the challenge of
sustainable aquaculture: trends and challenges was moderated
by Doris Soto and included panelists: Wagner Valenti (Sao
Paulo University); Xavier Chalen (Conservation Internatonal);
Felipe Matias (Ministry of Agriculture); Antonio Garza de Yta
(CONESPA-WAS) and covered the challenges of freshwater and
marine aquaculture.
This was a good start to the days activities as set the scene on
what was happening in Mexico, Brazil and other Latin American
countries.
One of the main issues that came from this was the essential
governance and understanding the need for specific aquaculture
legislation and regulations and the importance of workforce
development and training opportunities from the vocational to the
higher level educational opportunities.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 67

FEATURE

Session two, moderated by Roger Gilbert, publisher of

International Aquafeed, No waste, no pollution, more value:
aquaculture in the circular economy with panelists Jean-Pascal
Berg (IDmer); Thierry Chopin (Canadian IMTA Network);
Raphala Le Gouvello (AMURE Brest) and
Those who have not had the privilege of attending a MBI
event would not appreciate the dedication of HSH Prince Albert
II of Monaco who generally attends and engages the whole
conference, taking notes, listening to the debates, etc.
During this session he was noted taking a picture with his cell
phone of Thierry Chopins well-known slide explaining the
functioning of IMTA systems and wholeheartedly laughing when
Thierry Chopin did his IMTA dance (a variation on YMCA by
Village People!). The Prince, later told Thierry that it was a great
way to make sure that he will remember IMTA in the future.

Towards sustainability

After lunch we had an exciting session with lots of great

information and passion and would certainly have kept
everyone awake! This was entitled Engaging consumers and
stakeholders towards sustainability and as moderated by Roy
Palmer (Association of International Seafood Professionals) with
an excellent well credentialed panel with a whole diversity of
activities and actions.
The panelists were: Itamar Rocha (ABCC-Associao
Brasileira de Criadores de Camaro); Werner Jost (CAMANOR);
Alessandra Weyandt (INMETRO); Cintia Miyaji (Unimonte
University ) and Laurent Viguie (ASC).
Accreditation, standards and certifications put aquaculture high
on a list of limited foods which can demonstrate sustainability
and the discussion showed today that we have global and local
opportunities in this regard.
Clearly they are too many certifications and we need to be
aware that the costs of maintenance may impact on those which
do not perform, says by moderator Roy Palmer.
We learned a lot about the strengths, weaknesses, threats and
opportunities about aquaculture in Brazil and Latin America and
that traceability is essential for many aspects, not least of these is
food safety, so knowing what the species is and where it is from
is relevant.
Itamar Rocha was strong in both passion and conviction and
both he and Werner Jost put to bed the issue which constantly
crops up regarding mangroves and shrimp farming. Whilst it is
acknowledged there were errors in the past the shrimp farming
industry understands the importance of the mangrove areas as a
nursery for the industry and that one of the best locations for a
shrimp farm is essentially behind a mangrove area.

Oceans and climate change

The next session covered Oceans role in climate change

moderated by Franois Simard (IUCN) and included a keynote
speech: Pascal Lamy (Global Ocean Commission) and panelists
Dan Laffoley (IUCN); Christophe Lefebvre (Agence des Aires
Marines Protges - MPA Bureau - France); Waldemar Coutts
Smart (Director de Medio Ambiente y Asuntos Martimos

Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Santiago) and Sebastian

Troeng (Conservation International).
The impacts of climate change on marine resources were indeed
of concern.
Issues regarding bleaching of important coral reef areas, ocean
acidification and factual anecdotes of specific species moving
creating confusion in various activities were discussed.
Interestingly, following on from MBI the Intergovernmental
Group on Climate Change (IPCC), held the 43rd working
session of which concluded on April 13, 2016 in Nairobi, and
has approved the establishment of three Special Reports, one of
which will be focused on interactions between the climate, ocean
and cryosphere.
On the initiative of HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco, his
Foundation approached the IPCC during its 41st session in
February 2015, asking it to produce a Special Report on the
Ocean.
For more than a year, the Prince Albert II of Monaco
Foundation and the Government of Monaco have continued their
efforts to stress the importance of this initiative and the issues at
stake.
This work was conducted in partnership with the Ocean and
Climate Platform which brought together, prior to COP 21
in Paris, close to 70 international players from the scientific
community, civil society and the business world.
Oceans Call for Climate, a petition launched by the Platform,
received over 30,000 signatures to urge signatory countries of the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to
place the ocean at the heart of the climate agenda.
The strong mobilisation of states for ocean/climate issues
was confirmed at COP 21 by the signing of the Declaration
Because the Ocean by 22 countries. This Declaration, initiated
by Monaco and Chile, and signed personally by HSH the
Sovereign Prince, called on the IPCC to produce a Special
Report on the Ocean in the light of the alarming consequences
of global warming and increased greenhouse gas emissions on
oceans.
Acidification and rising sea levels are some of the effects which
already are having a major impact on the lives, economy and
security of thousands of people worldwide.

Topical issues

The final session was Updates on topical issues and consisted

of two presenters - Serge Segura (Ambassadeur charg des
ocans, Ministre des Affaires Etrangres) and Patricio Bernal
(Facultad de Ciencias Biolgicas - Chile).
Segura spoke about the Biodiversity Beyond National
Jurisdictions negotiations highlighting that they were going
as well as can be expected and that he was hopeful of good
outcomes into the future.
Likewise Patricio Bernal gave an update on the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals as they relate to the Ocean
encouraging that there are 10 specific targets for improvement of
the Oceans but, according to Pascal, this is always something that
needs pursuing if we are to be successful.

68 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

Everything that this innovative

think tank has achieved over
the last seven years, we owe
to the commitment and
talent of its participants in
other words to your talent
and commitment. Each one
of you has provided valuable
input to this work, enabling it
to reach the quality it is today
- says HSH Prince Albert ll,
Monaco in closing the one-day
conference in Sao Paulo

RESPONSIBLE AND AMBITIOUS AQUACULTURE TO OFFER

AN EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE

HSH Prince Albert ll, Monaco in closing the

7th Monaco Blue Initiative in Sao Paulo, Brazil

The key challenge of the Monaco Blue Initiative: to focus on the intelligence and motivation of various individuals
and unite them so that together we can take more effective action. - HSH Prince Albert ll, Monaco
The principle of the Monaco Blue Initiative, which from year
to year focuses frequently on recurring topics, is in this respect
particularly enlightening. It enables us to see how certain
solutions, which only a few years ago were still experimental,
today have reached an extremely encouraging level of maturity.
The issues we discussed today are in this respect emblematic
of a world that is changing and which, despite our legitimate
impatience, is learning to turn finally to the sea in a responsible
way.
Although we are delighted with the progress made in aquaculture
and the greater consideration given to maritime issues in the face
of climate change, we also know that the situation of the oceans is
often worrying and sometimes tragic.
The question is therefore to know what we should do to speed up
the change, and how to promote it.
By making a connection between global issues and consumer
practices, by addressing environmental issues whilst offering
solutions with regard to nutrition, energy and health, the economic
level can now be at the heart of ocean protection.
It is thanks to responsible and ambitious aquaculture that
tomorrow we will be able to offer an effective alternative to so
many practices that are destroying our seas year after year.
It is by mobilizing producers around tangible and positive
objectives that we will manage to do so. But above all it is by
offering real benefits to both consumers and the local populations
that we will make the change happen.
However there is often a gap between conviction and action.
Most often this gap is due to the economic reality.
Today, it is essential that we implement the conditions that will

enable us to overcome any obstacles and promote the development

of sustainable growth.
Especially as far as aquaculture is concerned, but also marine
protected areas, as we have discussed, and the energy transition,
the role of the public authorities should be to foster models which
will enable burgeoning initiatives to be fully deployed.
In brief, their role should be to introduce a sustainability
challenge consistent with commercial trade so that producers and
consumers alike benefit.
As the success stories presented to us have demonstrated, it is
by introducing this notion of sustainability, through incentives or
regulations, through the invention of innovative mechanisms and
by promoting this sustainability economically speaking, that we
will be able to create the conditions for genuine change.
To achieve such change however, it is necessary to build on good
practice, grass roots needs, in order to guarantee the longevity of
the mechanisms concerned.
Our meeting today is for me an initial way of uniting these
points of view. But we must go even further. This is the sense
of the actions I implement as Head of State and through my
Foundation, to promote the renewal of economic instruments to
foster sustainable development.
To conclude todays meeting, I would like to encourage you
to continue the discussions between disciplines and approaches
which have made the MBI successful.
Let us therefore trust our ability, that of scientists, environmental
players, political and business leaders and let us mobilise them
through dialogue, experimentation and will!

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 69

Dol Sensors

VICTAM, FIAAP & GRAPAS

proving that quality counts.

From humble beginnings
in a car park in Bangkok,
VICTAM Asia has blossomed
into Asias international
showcase for the feed and
grain industry expanding by
600 percent over the last 25
years.
This year, the 25th
Anniversary of VICTAM Asia,
this pattern was unchanging,
as the show grew by 11
percent on 2014, and could
boast a visitor increase of
5 percent with the show
organisers avowing that this
proves that quality counts!
With such impressive
statistics we took to the fold
to find out from the exhibitors
what they were showcasing,
how well their business was
expanding into the evergrowing Asian market, and
crucially their feelings on the
success of this years show.
Here we have the first eight,
watch out for more to come
in our June edition of Milling
and Grain!

Dr Eckel
Do you exhibit in Victam regularly?
Yes we participate for the third time at
Victam and it was a great show
What are your major products launch in
this event?
We applied this year for our product
AntaOx Aqua - a unique plant-based feed
additive. It contains a carefully composed
combination of valuable flavonoids,
developed to face the challenges in modern
aquaculture - in a natural way. Extensive
research has impressively documented
the effectiveness in different species: in
the laboratory and in the field: in tanks
and in huge ponds. The application of this
innovative formula in aquaculture and
especially in shrimp farming is new, and
absolutely promising.
What do you think of this year Victam?
We met a lot of highly professional key
players in the industry and we dont want
to miss them. For the first time we were
with 7 people at the booth and especially on
Tuesday and Wednesday we needed them
all.
70 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

Palle Jrgensen, Business Unit Manager, Dol

Sensors

What is Dol Sensors here promoting at

VICTAM this year?
Well, the big change for Dol Sensors is
that we are now acting as an independent
business unit, we were formally part of
Scoff the leading supplier of climate
systems for poultry and pork production,
but Dol Sensors has now been separated.
We wanted to enhance our focus on the
sensors for the aquaculture market, a large
focus being feed sensors, which we are
showcasing here at VICTAM
Have you had a successful show here at
VICTAM?
Very much so, Im fairly new to the
business, I have a sales person here in Asia
who is responsible for the Asian Market,
so I was not quite sure what to expect but
it has been very very successful. We have
made a lot of very good contacts even,
without being too optimistic, with some
good business potential. It has been a very
good show, absolutely.
Other than Asia, which countries are you
focusing on?
We are a Global operation, we are most
active in the Northern Hemisphere, so
North America, including Mexico, Europe,
we are starting to move more into the
Middle East but not so much in Africa,
and then lets say more Northern Asia, so
Thailand, China, India, Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia. Obviously with Thailand and
China as our main drivers. Obviously we
see potential in Australia and New Zealand,
as we do South America but its so far away
from Denmark! So were trying to expand
when we see increasing success.
Besides VICTAM, what other exhibitions
are Dol Sensors participating in?
Well theres a few, we have just recently
been at VIV in Abu Dhabi, we were in
Atlanta in January, but VICTAM is really
good because a lot of our main products are
going into the feed industry, as an event it
fits very well with our company.

Sonac
Geert Van de Velden, Sales Manager, Sonac

What is it that Sonac is here promoting

at FIAAP/VICTAM/GRAPAS Asia 2016?
At VICTAM or FIAAP, the feed part of the
show, we are promoting our animal proteins
for all species - chickens, pigs and fish
feed, we do minerals for the same species,
then we have what we call the speciality
products with more added value or with
a certain functionality - like our plasma
proteins or hydrolised proteins we are here
to promote these products. That is why
we organized our seminar yesterday (30th
March), to teach and educate our customers
and distributors in the Asian region.
How did you feel your conference went?
I was happy with the result, we booked
a room for 50 people and it was almost
completely full so we were happy with that.
Idah
Danny Chang, General Manager

What is Idah here to promote at

VICTAM?
Our aim here is to focus on our aqua feed
solutions especially for shrimp feed, which
we have been working on for a long time
since we started in Taiwan. We want to
further promote our specialist shrimp feed
solutions, and to meet some new clients
especially in the booming countires like
India, Vietnam, and Indonesia
So you have a strong foundation in the
Asian market then?
Yes very, we have been here for forty years.
So what are your thoughts on VICTAM
Asia this year?
I think it has been better than two years
ago, with more people coming and of
course because its VICTAM people who
visit the show are very professional and
they are serious. Very unlike other shows,
with VICTAM you dont see many people,
that is because the people who visit want
something - there is a very specific clientele
and thats why we like VICTAM so much.

Insta-pro
Carl Arnold, Vice President of Sales and
Marketing at Insta-Pro

What products are you showcasing at

VICTAM?
We are featuring our medium sheer
extruder, its our MS3000 for making fish
feed. Thats our main one, we have a whole
equipment line including extruders and
oil presses but this market is specifically
looking at aquatic type feeds.
How have you found FIAARP/VICTAM/
GRAPAS Asia 2016?
Its been great the traffic through the
booth has been very strong. The first day I
wasnt here but my colleagues said it was
extremely busy, and then today weve had
follow up visits form those people who are
very seriously interested. So far so good!

Sonac, under Darling, is a very large

company with many different specialties,
what is your main focus for the Asian
market?
For me it is feed and pet food, but lets say
for example our food division is very big
in gelatin, we have a big gelatin market in
China. Asia is extremely important for us
as there are so many people living here.
From the top of my head I couldnt say for
the whole company how the sales are split
geographically but it is inevitable that Asia
is an important region for all parts of our
business. I think only our Biofuels are not
yet present in the Asian market.
How do you feel VICTAM Asia 2016
went for Sonac?
On the whole we are satisfied, we always
participate both here and in Cologne and
even though it is mostly an equipment
show, there arent as many ingredient
exhibitors, we still have a good chance
as there are still nutritionists who attend
the show, and attend the seminars and
walk around, most of them prefer to go to
ingredient suppliers rather than to people
who supply equipment, so we get a lot of
people coming by who are interested and
asking questions, so we are satisfied.

Elevator buckets
Alapala
+90 212 465 60 40
www.alapala.com
Tapco Inc
+1 314 739 9191
www.tapcoinc.com

Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products
and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group)
Additives

Symaga
+34 91 726 43 04
www.symaga.com

Chemoforma
+41 61 8113355
www.chemoforma.com
Evonik
+49 618 1596785
www.evonik.com
Liptosa
+34 902 157711
www.liptosa.com
Sonac
+31 499 364800
www.sonac.biz

R-Biopharm
+44 141 945 2924
www.r-biopharm.com
Romer Labs
+43 2272 6153310
www.romerlabs.com

Elevator & Conveyor Components

Westeel
+1 204 233 7133
www.westeel.com

4B Braime
+44 113 246 1800
www.go4b.com

Animal Health & Nutrition

Cenzone
+1 760 736 9901
www.cenzone.com

Bags
Mondi Group
+43 1 79013 4917
www.mondigroup.com

Bin dischargers
Denis
+33 2 37 97 66 11
www.denis.fr

Bulk storage
Bentall Rowlands
+44 1724 282828
www.bentallrowlands.com
Chief Industries UK Ltd
+44 1621 868944
www.chief.co.uk
Croston Engineering
+44 1829 741119
www.croston-engineering.co.uk
Silo Construction Engineers
+32 51723128
www.sce.be
Silos Cordoba
+34 957 325 165
www.siloscordoba.com

Enzymes
Ab Vista
+44 1672 517 650
www.abvista.com

GMP+ International
+31703074120
www.gmpplus.org

Conveyors
Vigan Enginnering
+32 67 89 50 41
www.vigan.com

JEFO
+1 450 799 2000
www.jefo.com

Equipment for sale

Colour sorters
Bhler AG
+41 71 955 11 11
www.buhlergroup.com

Amino acids
Evonik
+49 618 1596785
www.evonik.com

VAV
+31 71 4023701
www.vav.nl

TSC Silos
+31 543 473979
www.tsc-silos.com

Certification

Analysis
Laboratorio Avi-Mex S.A. de C.V
+55 54450460 Ext. 1105
www.avimex.com.mx

STIF
+33 2 41 72 16 80
www.stifnet.com

ExtruTech Inc
+1 785 284 2153
www.extru-techinc.com

Event organisers
VIV
+31 30 295 2772
www.viv.net

Satake
+81 82 420 8560
www.satake-group.com

Computer software
Adifo NV
+32 50 303 211
www.adifo.com
Format International Ltd
+44 1483 726081
www.formatinternational.com

Extruders
Almex
+31 575 572666
www.almex.nl
Amandus Kahl
+49 40 727 710
www.akahl.de

Colour sorters
SEA S.r.l.
+39 054 2361423
www.seasort.com

Coolers & driers

Consergra s.l
+34 938 772207
www.consergra.com
FrigorTec GmbH
+49 7520 91482-0
www.frigortec.com
Geelen Counterflow
+31 475 592315
www.geelencounterflow.com
Muyang Group
+86 514 87848880
www.muyang.com
Wenger Manufacturing
+1 785-284-2133
www.wenger.com

Andritz
+45 72 160300
www.andritz.com
Brabender
+49 203 7788 0
www.brabender.com
Buhler AG
+41 71 955 11 11
www.buhlergroup.com
Dinnissen BV
+31 77 467 3555
www.dinnissen.nl
Ferraz Maquinas e Engenharia
+55 16 3615 0055
www.ferrazmaquinas.com.br
Insta-Pro International
+1 515 254 1260
www.insta-pro.com
Ottevanger
+31 79 593 22 21
www.ottevanger.com

72 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

Ugur Makina
+90 (364) 235 00 26
www.ugurmakina.com

Wenger Manufacturing
+1 785-284-2133
www.wenger.com
Zheng Chang
+86 21 64188282
www.zhengchang.com

Palletisers

PAYPER, S.A.
+34 973 21 60 40
www.payper.com

Borregaard LignoTech
+47 69 11 80 00
www.lignotechfeed.com
PellTech
+47 69 11 80 00
www.pelltech.org

Buhler AG
+41 71 955 11 11
www.buhlergroup.com
FAMSUN
+86 514 87848880
www.muyang.com

Biomin
+43 2782 803 0
www.biomin.net
Lallemand
+ 33 562 745 555
www.lallemandanimalnutrition.
com

Rolls
Leonhard Breitenbach
+49 271 3758 0
www.breitenbach.de
OJ Hojtryk
+45 7514 2255
www.oj-hojtryk.dk

Safety equipment
Rembe
+49 2961 740 50
www.rembe.com

Second hand equipment

Sanderson Weatherall
+44 161 259 7054
www.sw.co.uk

NIR-Online
+49 6227 732668
www.nir-online.de

Silos
CB Packaging
+44 7805 092067
www.cbpackaging.com

Dishman
+31 318 545 754
www.dishman-netherlands.com

Training
Aqua TT
+353 1 644 9008
www.aquatt.ie/aquatt-services

Vaccines

Probiotics

Seedburo
+1 312 738 3700
www.seedburo.com

Packaging

Shrimp feed additives

Andritz
+45 72 160300
Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu
www.andritz.com

Fr. Jacob Shne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany

Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu

Doescher & Doescher GmbH

+49 4087976770
www.doescher.com

NIR systems

Dol Sensors
+45 721 755 55
www.dol-sensors.com

Used around

all industrial
Plants
sectors.

Moisture analyzers

Hydronix
+44 1483 468900
www.hydronix.com

Agromatic
+41 55 2562100
www.agromatic.com

Jacob Sohne
+49 571 9580
www.jacob-pipesystems.eu

Vega
+44 1444 870055
www.vega.com/uk

CHOPIN Technologies
+33 14 1475045
www.chopin.fr

Aqualabo
+33 2 97 89 25 30
www.aqualabo.fr

Pipe systems

BinMaster Level Controls

+1 402 434 9102
www.binmaster.com
FineTek Co., Ltd
+886 2226 96789
www.fine-tek.com

Sensors

Rentokil Pest Control

+44 0800 917 1987
www.rentokil.co.uk

Laboratory equipment

Level measurement

Tornum AB
+46 512 29100
www.tornum.com

Pest control

Hatchery products

Bastak
+90 312 395 67 87
www.bastak.com.tr

Symaga
+34 91 726 43 04
www.symaga.com

Akzo Nobel
+46 303 850 00
www.bredol.com

SPAROS
Tel.: +351 249 435 145
Website: www.sparos.pt

Reed Mariculture
+1 877 732 3276
www.reed-mariculture.com

Muyang
+86 514 87848880
www.muyang.com

Pellet binders

Jefo

Wynveen International B.V.

+31 26 47 90 699
www.wynveen.com

MYSILO
+90 382 266 2245
www.mysilo.com

Ehcolo A/S
+45 75 398411
www.ehcolo.com

Feed
Aller Aqua
+45 70 22 19 10
www.aller-aqua.com

Obial
+90 382 2662120
www.obial.com.tr

Kepler Weber Group

+55 11 4873-0300
www.kepler.com.br

Mondi Group
+43 1 79013 4917
www.mondigroup.com

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 73

Ridgeway Biologicals
+44 1635 579516
www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk

Vacuum
Wynveen International B.V.
+31 26 47 90 699
www.wynveen.com

Weighing equipment
Parkerfarm Weighing Systems
+44 1246 456729
www.parkerfarm.com

Yeast products
ICC, Adding Value to Nutrition
+55 11 3093 0753
www.iccbrazil.com
Lallemand
+ 33 562 745 555
www.lallemandanimalnutrition.com
Leiber GmbH
+49 5461 93030
www.leibergmbh.de
Phileo (Lesaffre animal care)
+33 3 20 81 61 00
www.lesaffre.fr

To include your company in the International

Aquafeed market place in print, and a
company page on our website contact Tom
Blacker.
+44 1242 267700 tomb@perendale.co.uk

the interview
Prof Brett Glencross
Dr Brett Glencross is the Professor for Aquaculture Nutrition at the Institute of Aquaculture at the University of Stirling. He
commenced this role in January 2016 and has also been the Insitutes Director of Research since March 2016.
However, prior to his most recent appointment, Prof Glencross has worked closely with several major international aquaculture
feed companies throughout Australia, Asia and Europe. He also has Honours and Masters Degrees in Biochemistry from the
University of Western Australia and a PhD in Animal Nutrition from the University of Queensland.
Since moving to Scotland, his work has focused on species such as Atlantic salmon, chinook salmon, barramundi and shrimp.

As the Director of Research of one of the worlds

leading Aquaculture research centres, how do you
view your role and responsibility in the institution and
the industry?

The Institute of Aquaculture enjoys an unrivalled reputation

as a place of excellence in both research and teaching
related to aquaculture; to me that was part of the attraction
in moving here to Scotland from Australia. My role as Director
of Research has many elements to it, but perhaps principally
is to oversee the research we do and help the institute move
forward by helping our extremely talented group of staff do
the best work they can, in a way that delivers real world impact
whilst applying cutting edge technologies in doing so. As an
applied science Institute our first and foremost responsibility is
to the industry.
For over forty years the Institute has been at the forefront of
delivering real impact in the aquaculture industry both here
in Scotland and across the world. Its amazing when you
look at the alumni we boast, as well as how far the Institutes
influence across the globe has been. How we attract students
and industry partners from across the globe on the back of
that legacy, is also a real credit. I see it as a real honour to be
handed the responsibility to continue to build that legacy and
our links to industry I see as key to that moving forward.

How do you think Aquaculture will answer the

challenge of providing enough protein to feed the
estimated 9.1 billion people by 2050?

As we approach 2050, there are a suite of global megatrends

shaping the world we live in. One of those is the impending
population of nine billion plus. Another is the growing level
of affluence across the world. With this increase in wealth
people are responding with an increase protein and meat
consumption as they seek to eat better quality foods that they
enjoy, not just subsist on. Estimates of the meat consumption
across the world suggest that as affluence (USD$ GDP/capita)
increases that there is an increase in meat consumption to
about 60 to 80 kg/person/year.
Within this meat consumption it has been noted that at least a
quarter of this is fish derived protein. A simple analysis of these
factors shows that as we go from seven billion to nine billion
people that were going to need at least 30 percent more
seafood than the 120 million tonnes we presently produce
and harvest. Thats another 36 million tonnes of seafood that
simply cant be provided sustainably from wild fisheries. There
is in all reality no other answer to sustainable and responsible
seafood production than aquaculture.

Do you believe that the aquaculture industry is

currently well positioned to either reap any potential
rewards, or are enough measures in place to avert
any potential disasters?

ahead. Some of these are specific to our region, while others

are global issues. I tend to see the glass as half full and believe
that the industry IS positioned to reap the rewards going
forward, but there is still a serious amount of work to be done
before we get there. A constrained amount of fishmeal and
fish oil is an obvious challenge, but our scientists have been
leading the charge on finding solutions to the fishmeal and
omega-3 trap for almost 30 years.
Weve been working on a range of projects looking at
vegetable sources of both protein and omega-3 and how
this can fit into the Scottish salmon industry moving forward. I
wouldnt say were out of the tunnel in this area yet, but we
can see some light in the distance for sure. Another challenge
we have a big focus on is the threat of sea lice to the North
Atlantic salmon industry. We manage a series of projects
looking at different strategies to deal with this problem,
from the use cleaner fish to understanding mechanisms of
treatment resistance. Its another big area of research for the
Institute and were making some real progress in this area.

What is your opinion on the FDA approval of

Genetically Modified Atlantic Salmon in the US?

This is a fantastic piece of science. Whatever way you look

at it and whatever your opinion is on the use of genetically
modified food, you cant deny that the science here is pretty
cool. However, as it is often said, the devil is in the detail,
the impact here will be interesting to watch going forward to
see how society deals with what is arguably the biggest move
forward in terms of genetically modified animals for food.
Humans have been consuming genetically modified crops for
over two decades now, so I guess this is now the next brave
new world frontier?

What role is the University of Stirling taking in ensuring

the sustainability of aquaculture practices can
you tell us a bit about how you have been aiding
aquaculture practices in developing countries?

So much of the work we do at the Institute of Aquaculture is

directed at ensuring that future development of the Scottish
and global aquaculture industry is done on a responsible
and sustainable basis. Cutting edge work in our vaccines lab
is helping minimise chemical use in aquaculture across the
globe. We have projects in Southeast Asia exploring the use of
probiotic strategies to minimise antibiotic use in aquaculture.
We have many of our staff working on projects in developing
countries in both Africa and Southeast Asia looking at things
like disease management, feed resource development and
social sciences to understand the bigger picture situations
now and on the horizon. With close to 90 percent of the worlds
aquaculture activity occurring in the developing world, I see
this area as an important one for the Institute moving forward.

Like any industry, aquaculture has its fair share of challenges

74 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

PEOPLE

THE INDUSTRY FACES

GMV board welcomes Rene Smulders

ast November, GMV had to say goodbye to two very involved board members. Paul den
Ouden and Sander Schwartz made room for two new board members. One of these new
board members is Mr Ren Smulders, CCO at KSE Process Technology.

Result-oriented and a strategic approach are qualities of Ren on what we can count on
within GMV in the coming years, said Jacqueline van Oosten - FME.

Rene Smulders

Within the feed sector, Ren is surely not unknown. As in the entire agrifood sector, there
are many developments and there is plenty of work to do. Ren likes to contribute to rejuvenate
GMV and bringing it a step further.
Ren is responsible for the Biobased and Meat & Feed sections, within the GMV board.

It is important to look further into the agrifood chain than just our own link in the chain,
said Ren Smulders.

By looking along the entire chain we can efficiently and effectively deal with, and solve
the challenges in the sector. This should ultimately result in a better cooperating chain and an
optimised process from seed to meat.

Aker BioMarine appoint new Director of Communications

atrin Berntsen, Aker BioMarines new Director of Communications, will be responsible

for managing and directing the companys internal and external communications.
Passionate, creative and organised, Katrin brings more than 15 years of experience
specialising in messaging strategy, product launches, crisis communications, and more.

Prior to joining Aker BioMarine, she managed communications for Wilhelmsen Ships Service
and Opera Software. She holds a Masters Degree in European Politics and a BA in Media.

Katrin Berntsen

Aker BioMarine announce new Director of Sustainability

ilia Holmes Indahl, Aker BioMarines new Director of Sustainability, will further
develop and implement the companys sustainability strategy while working with
key stakeholders and non-government organisations (NGOs) interested in krill and
Antarctica.

During the past few years, Cilia has held several positions dedicated to sustainable
development and climate change in Norway and abroad. She holds Masters Degrees in both
Sustainable Development and International Business.

Cilia Holmes Indahl

Tharangani K Herath Harper Adams University

r Tharangani Herath joined Harper Adams University as a Senior Lecturer in

Aquaculture Health in March, 2016. She obtained her PhD (Aquatic Veterinary
Sciences, 2010) from the University of Stirling, UK and her Bachelor Degree in
Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (BVSc) from the University of Peradeniya
Sri Lanka.

Dr Tharangani
Herath

During the last five years at the world renowned Institute of Aquaculture, University of
Stirling. Dr Heraths research primarily focused on understanding host-pathogen interaction
of infectious diseases in aquatic animals. She used in vitro and in vivo models to develop and
characterise vaccines and functional feeds for commercially important salmonid diseases.
At Harper Adams University, her main research interest will be to understand mucosal
biology and host-pathogen interaction at mucosal surfaces (gut, gill and skin) and to develop
sustainable health strategies (vaccines, immunostimulants and functional feeds) for major
farmed fish species, working with Professor Simon Davies.

Dr. Herath has expertise on both conventional (histopathology, immunohistochemistry and

ELISA) and advanced (microarray, immune-confocal microscopy and electron microscopy)
research techniques and she is especially interested on 3R research innovations to reduce
animal experimental work. She also expects to contribute actively to Harper Adamss research
portfolio and teaching excellence with her expertise on immunology, veterinary pathology and
transcriptomics in respect to other terrestrial animals.
76 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

A COCKTAIL OF TECHNOLOGIES

Af-Shr-AP-16.05-EN Avalone
The information provided in this document is at the best of our knowledge, true and accurate. However, products must only be used in compliance with local laws and regulations and we cannot guarantee freedom of use for every intended application or country.

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