NPP UPS

Forsmark Event

Forsmark Event
Loss of secured power in NPP Forsmark on 25. July 2006
Asymmetrical voltage drop in AC supply of rectifiers for about 300ms followed by an overshoot of about 20 % caused a
high DC voltage condition which tripped the connected inverters

GUTOR Electronic LLC

Forsmark Event
Thyristor Rectifier topology
Conducted thyristors cannot be switched off instantaneously (only at zero crossings)
Mains voltage quality detection is normally slow and insensitive
Internal DC power storage capacity (capacitors) is limited
Connected batteries do not help for fast transients

Fast mains transients will cause a DC overshoot

+
0o
Mains

30o

+
To
Inverter
-

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Forsmark Event
How to manage / prevent DC overshoots ?
Apply a good rectifier mains quality detection scheme
Secure selectivity between rectifier- and inverter high-DC shutdown levels
high
hi h DC
C level
l
l inverter
i
> 1.1 x high
hi h DC
C level
l
l rectifier
ifi
Allow enough design headroom for associated DC components
Make sure that auxiliary circuits (internal power supply units) withstand the
elevated DC levels

Control
C
t l and
d Manage
M
the High-DC Event

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Forsmark Event / Protection

High DC Protection:
Circuit Type: uP Controlled (A/D conv.)
Delay: 2ms fixed
Restart: Manual
Programming range: up to 300VDC

Bypass Input

Recommended setting for 220VDC:

Manual Bypass Switch

Rectifier Module

Mains Quality Detection:

DC SSecured
Load
d Bus

Rectifiier Input

- Max. 280VDC

Inverter Module

AC Securred Load Bus

Action: Shutdown of Rectifier

Inverter

Cicuit Type: uP Controlled (A/D conv.)

o tage ((rms):
s) +10%
0% / -25%
5%
- Voltage
- Missing phase detection:
Alarm if Uphmin < 0.6 x Uphmax
- Frequency: +8% / -8%
- Synchronisation Error
Action: Shutdown of Rectifier

Battery

Delay:
- Voltage error: typ. 100ms with 50% drop
- Missing phase: typ. 100ms
- Frequency: 100ms fixed
- Sync. error: 3ms fixed
Restart:
R
t t
Automatic if back in tolerance

Inverter High DC Protection:

Static Switch

Circuit Type:
yp Analogue
g comparator
p
with
programmable reference voltage.

Loads
Action: DC
Shutdown
of Inverter
Delay: 3ms fixed
Restart: Manual (if bypass unavailable)
Programming range: up to 340VDC
Recommended Setting for 220VDC:

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- Min. 310VDC / Higher values on request

Forsmark Event / Elk Test

Test Programme 1
Symmetrical voltage tests with Programmable AC Source

Auto-Transformer

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Forsmark Event / Elk Test

Test Programme 2
Asymmetrical voltage tests with Switched Hard-Sources

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Forsmark Event / Elk Test

Test Programme 3
High DC Injection Tests

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Forsmark Event / Elk Test

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Forsmark Event / Elk Test

Test Nr 2 on Rectifier

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Mains voltage 100% - 70% (350ms) - 100% @ 50% Load

Rectifier not switched
switched-off
off / DC overshoot approx
approx. 6%

10

Forsmark Event / Elk Test

Test Nr 5 on Rectifier

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Mains voltage 100% - 20% (350ms) unsymmetrical - 100% @ 10% Load

(Forsmark Transient)
Rectifier switched-off -> Battery Operation / No DC overshoot

11

Forsmark Event / Elk Test

Test Nr 10 on Inverter

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Injected DC voltage ramp-up to 420 VDC

Inverter shuts
shuts-down
down at 400 VDC (programmed level) and transfers the load to
Bypass

12