1.

(a)

Spin (1)

(b)

Further from nucleus (1)

(or more shielded)

(c)
2p
2s

in correct orbitals (1)

correct spin (1)

E n e rg y

1s
2
(d)

(e)

(f)

Energy to remove 1 electron (1) (or 1 mol electrons)

from a gaseous atom (1) (or molecule or 1 mol of atoms/molecules)

Outer electron in an s (2s) orbital (1)

Bes outer electrons is in a p (2p) orbital (1)
higher in energy (1)

Electron is not shielded from nucleus (1)

1
[10]

2.

(a)
Relative mass

Relative charge

+1

(1)

1
)
1840

(1)

(1)

Proton
Electron

0 (or

Neutron

3
(b)

(c)

(d)

Electron gun (1)

knocks out electron(s) from the particle (1)
Reason 1

acceleration (1)

Reason 2

deflection (1)

20
80
10 +
11 (1)
100
100

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= 10.8 (1)
(e)

(i)

%H = 18.8 (1)
81.2 18.8
B:H=
:
(1)
10.8 1
= 2 : 5 : B2H5 (1)

(ii)

B4H10 (1)

4
[13]

3.

(a)

mean (1) mass of an atom

mass1 atom of

12

12 (1)

(b)

Multiply by Avogadros number

(c)

(i)

Moles NaH =

(ii)

pV = nRT (1)
0.0417 8.31 293
=
(1) allow consequential
100000
3
= 0.00102 m (1)
3
3
(allow 0.00101 0.00103) (allow in dm or cm )

(iii)

vol HCl =

2
1

1
(1)
24
moles NaOH = Moles NaH = 0.0417 (1)
2
3
= 0.167 mol dm (1)
(allow 0.166 0.168)

moles
0.00417
1000 =
1000 (1)
0.112
0.112
3

= 37.3 cm (1)
(allow 37.1 to 38.0 and conseq.)

8
[11]

4.

(a)

34

S (1)

16 (1)
2

2
6

(b)

1s 2s 2p (1)

(c)

not accelerated (1)

(d)

1.65 10

24

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(1)

2 158 10 23
12 (1) = 1299 (1)
1 993 10 23
23

or 6.023 10 2.158 10
= 12.998 (1)
12

23

13

any use of C & C (1)

12 98 9 13 1 1

(1)
100
100
= 1201 (1)

6
[10]

5.

(a)

0240 (1)
Mr (TiC14) = 190 (1)
moles TiC14 =

0 24
= 006 (1)
4

mass = 006 190 = 114 (1)

(b)

(c)

moles NaOH

= moles HCl = 0.12 (1)

vol NaOH

moles
(1)
conc

0 12
3
= 109cm (1)
1 1

moles HC1
= 006 (1)
2

moles H2

(allow conseq)
V

nRT
(1) or PV = nRT
p

0 06 8 31 293
(1)
98 000
3

= 149 10 m (1)etc
(if chemical error on moles H2, max2) (2)

4
[11]

6.

(a)

pV = nRT or n = pV/RT or pV =

m
RT or seen in substituted form (1)
M

(1)
(1)
(1)
3
n = PV/RT = 1.50 10 70 10 / 8.314 313 = 4.03 (mol)
5

(b)

(1)

cranford community college

(1)
3

4.03 2/3 = 2.69 (mol)

(c)

allow e.c.f from (a)

If ratio 3/2, allow 1 max; for other ratios, give zero

(1) (1)
2.69 65 = 172 g (unit required)

allow e.c.f from (b)

[8]

7.

(a)

(i)

proportion / ratio / frequency / percentage / abundance of each

isotope / different type of atom / specific atom
not amount unless relative amount compared to total amount (1)
present in the (natural) isotopic mixture / sample of the
element / compound containing the element (1)

(ii)

(b)

(i)

reference to relative atomic mass worth zero marks

(0.0802 46) + (0.0731 47) + (0.7381 48)

+ (0.0554 49) + (0.0532 50) (1)
= 47.9 (ignore units) (1)

total of three peaks (two extra peaks) (1)

in a ratio of 1 : 2 : 1 with first peak at 158 and
middle peak height 3.5 4.5cm (1)
at positions 158, 160, 162 (1)
for 2 peaks only, allow 1 mark if ratio 1: l and 2nd peak at 162

(ii)
(iii)

(c)

79

79

79

81

81

81

3 different permutations Br Br; Br Br ; Br Br (1)

(allow this mark for appropriate argument, if 2 peaks given in (i))
79

81

79

79

81

81

Br Br statistically twice as likely as Br Br or B Br /

79
81
81
79
4 possible permutations, with Br Br and Br Br being identical (1)
(dont allow this mark if 2 peaks given in (i))
1

ratio NaCl : Na2CO3 = 2 : 1 (1)

mass ratio NaCl : Na2CO3 = 117 : 106 = 1 : 106/117 (1)
546 kg NaCl produces 546 106/117 (1)
= 495 kg Na2CO3 (unit required) (1)
or
moles NaCl = 546000/58.5 = 9333 (if 9.33, allow 3 max) (1)
moles NaHCO3 = moles NaCl = 9333 (1)
moles Na2CO3 = moles NaHCO3 = 9333 = 4667 (1)
mass Na2CO3 = 4667 106 = 495 kg (unit required) (1)
or
mass ratio NaCl: NaHCO3 = 58.5 : 84 (1)
mass NaHCO3 = 546 84/58.5 = 784 kg (1)
mass ratio NaHCO3 : Na2CO3 = 168 : 106
mass Na2CO3 = 784 106/168 (1)
= 495 kg (unit required) (1)

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(d)

appropriate diagram, with one lone pair and three bonding pairs
for ammonia (1)
appropriate diagram with two bonding pairs joining C to each
O in CO2 and
two lone pairs on each oxygen (1)
if inner electrons are shown they must be correct

2
[15]

8.

(a)

C 22.24/12 = 1.85 H 3.71/1 = 3.71 Br 74.05/79.9 = 0.927 (1)

ratio C:H:Br = 2:4:1 C2H4Br (1)
empirical mass = 107.9 mol formula = 215.8/107.9 C2H4Br = C4H8Br2 (1)
must use % to justify answer
or
C (22.24/100) 215.8 = 47.99 i.e. 48/12 = 4 carbon atoms (1)
H (3.71/100) 215.8 = 8.01 i.e. 8/1 = 8 hydrogen atoms (1)
Br (74.05/100) 215.8 = 159.8 i.e. 159.8/79.9 = 2 bromine atoms (1)
or
C (48/215.8) 100 = 22.24% (1)
H (8/215.8) 100 = 3.71 % (1)
Br (159.8/215.8) 100 = 74.05% (1)

(b)

any two pairs of marks

1,1-dibromo-(2-)methylpropane (1)
graphical formula to suit (CH3)2CHCHBr2 (1)
1,2-dibromo-(2-)methylpropane (1)
graphical formula to suit (CH3)2C(Br)CH2Br (1)
1,3-dibromo-(2)-methylpropane (1)
graphical formula to suit BrCH2CH(CH3)CH2Br (1)
allow unambiguous names
mark name and structure independently
accept order of bromo / methyl reversed
penalise once for each of
numbering from wrong end and di in dibromo omitted

cranford community college

max 4

(c)

(i)

(ii)

(d)

alcoholic/ethanolic solution (not just alcohol must be solvent) (1)

structure to suit CH3CH=CH2 (1)

aqueous solution (not water alone, unless solvent penalised in (i)) (1)
structure to suit CH3CH(OH)CH3 (1)

(i)

cyanide ion / CN / NC

(ii)

nucleophilic substitution / SNI / SN2 (1)

(iii)

CH3CH(Br)CH3 + KCN CH3CH(CN)CH3 + KBr / ionic version (1)

(condone missing brackets)

(iv)

not nitrile ion (1)

structure to suit CH3CH(CN)CH3 (with CN bond shown as a

triple bond) (1)
1
[15]

9.

(a)

(b)

mean mass of an entity (or molecule) (1) 12 (1)

12
mass of 1 atom of C
12
1.993 10 23

= 6.02 10

23 (1)

(allow 6.020 to 6.023)

(c)

(d)

(i)

charge (1)

(ii)

MgI2 + 2FE

(i)

nRT
(or pV = nRT) (1)
V

mass 153 103

9000 (1)
Mr
17

9000 8.31 800

(1)
3

3+

Mg

2+

= 1.99 10 Pa (1)

cranford community college

+ I2 + 2Fe

2+

(1)

(allow 1.99 to 2.00)

(ii)

1.99 10

1000
7
= 2.49 10 Pa (1)
800
(allow conseq)

(iii)

9000
3
= 9.0 mol dm (or M)
1000
(1)
(1)

7
[12]

10.

(a)

(b)

(c)

protons
mass +1
charge + (1)
neutrons
mass +1
charge zero (1)
electrons
mass ~ zero (or<1/1800),
charge (1)
nitrogen 14 has a nucleus with 7 protons and 7 neutrons (1)
surrounded by electrons in shells (or orbitals) (or 2,5) (1)
2
2 3
with configuration 1s 2s 2p (scores last 2 marks) (1)

isotopes have the same atomic number (or same number of protons
or same element) (1)
but different number of neutrons (or mass number) (1)

sample introduced at low pressure (or gas or vapour or vacuum) (1)

electron gun (or bombarded with electrons) (1)
which knocks out an electron (or removes an electron) (1)
producing a positive ion (1)
the ions are accelerated (1)
and focused (or made into a beam) (1)
by an electric field (or negative plates or electric plates) (1)
magnetic field (or magnet) (1)
ions are deflected (1)
deflection depends on m/z of each ion (1)
lightest (or smallest m/z) deflected most (1)
ions go to a detector (1)
a small current is produced (or abundance counted) (1)
which is fed to a computer (or recorder or display or chart etc) (1)
electric field (or magnet) adjusted to collect ions of different mass (1)
Note: a picture of a spectrum can score the chart mark and the
abundance mark (if the yaxis is labelled abundance or %.

(d)

fraction of each component is rel. int./44 (1)

[the mark is for 44, if 42 max 1]
relative atomic mass
= 1 80/44 + 5 82/44+ 5 83/44 + 25 84/44 + 8 86/44 (1)
= 83.9 (1)
Krypton (1)

cranford community college

max 14

(e)

percentage by mass of oxygen = 38.0% (1)

ratio of elements = 42.9/12 : 2.4/1 : 16.7/14 : 38.0/16 (1)
= 3.6 : 2.4 : 1.2 : 2.4
empirical formula is C3H2NO2 (1)
molecular formula is C6H4N2O4 (1)

4
[30]

11.

(a)

simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound (1)

(b)

mass of O = 1.842 g (1)

0.769 0.539 1.842
Ca : N : O =
:
:
(1)
40
14
16

= 1:2:6
CaN2O6 (1)
(c)

Mr (1)

(d)

(i)

n=

3
1

PV
(1) (allow PV = nRT)
RT

95 10 3 1.53 10 3
8.31 293
=
(1)

= 0.0597 (1) (allow 0.059 to 0.06)

(ii)

0.0597 4 = 0.239 (1) (allow 0.24)

(allow conseq on (i))

(iii)

moles NH3 = 0.293

25
= 0.00597 (1)
1000

volume

0.00597
3
= 39.8 (cm ) (1)
0.15

= 1000

(allow conseq
3
allow 0.0398 dm )

6
[11]

cranford community college

12.

(a)

mass number = number of protons + neutrons in an atom

(or a nucleus or an isotope) (1)
(allow number of nucleons)
atomic number = number of protons in an atom (1)
example of an isotope with mass number and atomic number
and symbol or name (1)
3

(b)

(i)

Ionisation (1)
with an electron gun (1) (or stream of electrons or high energy electrons)
which knocks out an electron from an atom or molecule (1)
producing a positive ion (1) (note this also scores ionisation mark)

(note M + e M + e + e scores first, third and last of these marks)

(Note that if ion not mentioned or negative ion used max 3 for next 9
marks, if electron CE=0)
Acceleration (1)
with an electric field (1) (or charged plate)
Deflection (1)
in a magnetic field (1) (or magnet)
depending on mass/charge (or m/z) ratio of ion (1)
particles with least m/z (or least mass) deflected most (1) (or converse)

(ii)

(c)

Detection (1)
Ion falls on collector producing a current (1) (or electrically
detected or falls on a ve plate)
fed into computer for analysis (1) (or displayed on a graph)

Max 12

use mass/charge (m/z) data (1)

and relative abundance (1) (or peak height or intensity)
Ar = (abundance of isotope mass)/sum of all abundances (1)
(can gain abundance mark here)
added together for all isotopes (1)

ionisation energy decreases down group (1)

outer electrons more shielded (1) (or further away)
ionisation energy shows general increase across a period (1) (overall
decrease loses 3 marks)
nuclear charge increases (1) (or number of protons)
electrons in same shell (1) (or similar shielding)

cranford community college

decrease from Mg to Al (1)

outer electron in Mg is (3)s, in Al is (3)p orbital (1) (2s or 2p loses
this mark) outer electron (or electron removed) from Al is in higher
energy level (1)
decrease from P to S (1)
last electron in S is paired in a (3)p orbital (1) (2p loses mark)
repulsion between electrons in pair (1)

11

(If use Li to Ne, use same mark scheme with 2s, 2p but max 7 out of 9)
[30]

13.

(a)

p V = nRT or equivalent (eg rearranged or substituted) (1)

6

conversion of volume units (to 4.60 10 m ) (or dm with pressure in kPa) (1)
conversion of temperature units (to 1473 K) (1)
correct answer (0.036g to 0.037 g) (1)

allow 2-5 sig.figs

condone missing unit; penalise wrong unit
allow e.c.f. for incorrect conversions
(b)

calculation of I % (58) (1)

division of % by Ar values
correct answer (WI2) or appropriate answer for their ratio (1)
answer must be a formula
if wrong atomic mass used in 3(a) and (b), penalise once only

3
[7]

14.

(a)

(i)

A = electron, B = neutron and C = proton all correctly identified (1)

do not give if any reference to cation / anion

(ii)

neutron / n / B has no charge and so is undeflected (1)

+

proton / p / C and electron / e / A attracted to ve and +ve plates

respectively (1)
correct direction and shape for one particle gains one mark

mass p > mass e so deflected less / mass C > mass A so deflected less (1)
allow this mark for valid difference in property and explanation of shape
allow reference to other particles here

cranford community college

10

(b)

(i)

to produce high speed electrons / stream of electrons or to fire electrons or

to bombard with electrons or is an electron gun (1)
which remove electrons from species cause formation of positive ions
not to ionise (1)

(ii)

to accelerate / speed up positive ions / ions / fragments (1)

not electrons atoms / molecule / sample
allow particles / molecular ion
to deflect / bend ions / ion stream (not to provide magnetic field)
or separate ions accordingly to mass / charge ratio (1)
to detect positive ions / ions / particles / fragments / molecular ion (1)
allow purpose of specific detector or ion detector
not just detector or collector
allow second and third marks if wrong type of particle given

(c)

the volume / space occupied by 1 mol of (any) gas /

Avogadro number of molecules (1)
at given temperature and pressure (1)
allow one mark if specific temperature and pressure quoted
second mark is dependent on first mark

(d)

(i)

mass ratio of O2:KClO3 = 96 / 245.2 ( = 0.392)

2

or moles of O2 = 3/2 1.20 10 or equivalent (1)

mass of O2 = 0.392 1.47 = 0.576g (1)
(ii)

moles O2 = 1.00/24.00 ( = 0.0417 mol) (1)

moles KClO3 = 2/3 moles O2 = 0.0417 2/3 = (0.0278 mol) (1)
mass KClO3 = 0.0278 122.6 = 3.4lg (1)

give one mark for pV = nRT to get n for O2,

then second and third mark as above
or

2/3 mole of KClO3 1 Mole of O2 (1)

3

81.7g 24 dm O2 (1)
81.7
24

g = 3.4lg 1 dm O2 (1)

penalise other than 2 5 sig. figs. once in (d)(i) and (ii)

penalise missing or wrong units once in (d)(i) and (ii)
[16]

cranford community college

11

15.

(a)

electron gun (1)

(b)

accelerated (1)

(c)

speed (1)

(d)

82 1 83 1 84 5 86 2
[1]
9 [1]
= 84.1 (1)

3
[6]

16.(a) Mass of each element in the compound (1)

(b)
(c)

(d)

Number of atoms of each element in a molecule (1)

Mean (1) mass of an atom

mass of an atom of
(i)

12

12 (1)

Mr Ba(NO3)2 = 261 (1)

5
moles Ba(NO3)2 =
(1) = 0.0192
261
moles gas = 2 12 0.0192 (1) = 0.0479
nRT
0.0479 8.31 298
V=
(1) =
p
100000
3

= 1.19 10 m (1)
(ii)

moles HCl = 2 0.0192 (1) = 0.0384

0.0384
3
3
vol HCl =
= 0.032 dm (1) (or 32 cm )
1. 2

7
[11]

17.

(a)

(b)

(1)

First ionisation energy equation

Li(g) Li (g) + e

Second ionisation energy equation

Li (g) Li (g) e (1)

tate symbols (1)

(i)

Hes electron in 1s (1)

closer to nucleus (or no shielding) (1)
(or converse argument for Li)

(ii)

Bes outer electron in 2s (1)

lower in energy than 2p (1)

(iii)

Electron removed from positive ion (1)

which attracts the electron more (1)

cranford community college

2+

12

nd

(allow for 2 electron nearer to the nucleus)

6
[9]

18.

(a)

(b)

Relative mass

1 (1)

Relative charge

0 (1)

In common

number of protons (or electrons) (1)

Difference

number of neutrons (1)

(c)

41
19

(d)

(i)

(1) K (1)

(ii)

Measurement 1

M/Z (1)

Measurement 2

relative abundance (1)

charged (or negatibe) plate

creates a current when hit by ion
sends a signal to a computer (or chart recorder)
any 2 points

(iii)

(e)

same M/Z (1)

2s

2s

6 e le c tro n s (1 )
c o rre c t a rra n g e m e n t (1 )
1s
6 electrons (1)
correct arrangement (1)

(f)

1s 2s (1)

1
[14]

19.

(a)

12
= 6.031023 (1)
1.99 10 23 [[1]

cranford community college

13

(b)

(c)

simplete ratio of atoms of each element in a compound (1)

average mass of ' entity

mass of one atom of

12

(1) 12 (1)

(or definition in terms of moles)

(d)

CHO = 29

174
= 6 (1)
29

C6 H6 O6 (1)

(e)

CH4O+

3
O2
2

CO2+2H2O (1)

1
[8]

20.

(a)

20.0
(1)
17.0

moles of NH3

moles of HND3

= moles of NH3 = 1.18

volume

1.18
(1)
2
3

= 0.588 (1) dm (1)

(b)

(i)

PV

= nRT (1)

PV
95000 0.0500
=
(1)
RT
8.31 298

= 1.92 mol (1)

(ii)

Moles of ammonium nitrate

1.92
(1) 1.28 mol
1.5

Mass of ammonium nitrate

mass = 1.28 80 (1) = 102 g (1)

6
[10]

21.

(a)

Number of protons & number of neutrons (1)

17

(b)

O (1 )
(1 )

cranford community college

14

(c)

(i)
Particle

proton

Mass /g

1.6725 10

Relative charge

(d)

neutron
24

+1

24

1.6748 10
0

(ii)

1.6734 10

(iii)

1.0078 g (1)

(iv)

other isotopes present (1)

(i)

electric field (or charged plate) (1)

(ii)

magnet (1)

(iii)

different isotopes (1)

electron
24

0.0009 10

24

g (1)
4

(or different masses)

(iv)

accelerate ions more

(or reduce magnetic field) (1)

(v)

Measurement 1

Measurement 2

abundance (1)

z (1)

6
[13]

22.

(a)

average mass of an entity (1)

mass of 1 atom of

12

12 (1)

(b)

simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

(c)

(i)

2
1

%O = 65.7 (1)
C:H:O =

32.9 1.40 65.7

:
:
(1)
12
1
16

= 1.96: 1 : 2.93
= C2 HO3 (1)
(ii)

C4 H2 O6 (1)

cranford community college

15

(d)

mass 1000

Mr
16 = 62.5 (1)
(1)

(i)

0.0625 scores one

(ii)

pV= nRT (1)

(1)
V = nRT 2 62.5 8.31 298 (1)

P
100000
= 3.1 0 m

(1)

(allow consequential marking but if factor of 2 in missing max = 2)

6
[13]

23.

(a)

(Number of) protons or and + (number of) neutrons (1) CE mass of p

(number of) protons (1)

Allow no. of nucleons / amount of p & n.
ignore additional comment about electrons but
penalise + electrons

(b)

9
5

B (1)

(1)
(allow Boron in words) penalise 9.0
2

(c)

1s 2s 2p (1)
1s 2s 2p (1)
3

if use [HE} 2p penalise once

allow 2px 2py etc

4

2p 2p

if omit 2 in 2p penalise once

cranford community college

16

(d)

mean (or average) mass of an atom [1]

(mass of) 1 atom of

12

12 (1)

molecule, element, entity } instead of atom loses 1

or

mass of 1 mol of atoms [1]

mass of 1 mol of

12

C atoms

st

mark

12 (1)

or mean mass of an atom {compared with, relative to {an

1
12
12
atom of C taken as 12,
of a C atom
12
(e)

(i)

electrons from electron gun (1)

or {high speed electrons beam of electrons, bombarded
with es, NOT electric gun,
knock out electron from X (1)
+

or { + e + 2e, idea of loss of es

(ii)

(ii)

{alter (or change, or vary) magnetic, (or electric) field

(or accelerating potential) (1)

(1 82) (1 83) (6 84) ( 2 86) [1]

10 (if 9 or H At 1 [1]
(treat one wrong multiplicand as AE 1, 2 mistakes CE)

= 841 (1)
(ignore units)

(iv)

Kr (1)
(allow conseq)

7
[15]

24.

(a)

Avogadros

(b)

(i)

pV=nRT (1)
allow {V=

cranford community college

nRT
m
etc., pV=
RT
P
Mr

17

(ii)

V=
=

nRT
P

1 8 31 298
(1)
100 000

= 0.0248

m (1)

(allow 0.0247 to 0.025)

allow use of 100 for P if ans given as 24.8 dm

(iii)

n=

pV
RT

500000 0.005
(1)
8.31 273
s

(treat 500 as AE1 other values l 2mar

0.005/1000 loses 1

st

two marks

= 1.10mol (1)
(allow 1.1 to 1.11)
Mr (CO2)

= 44 (1)

treat wrong Mr as AE1

mass

= 441.10 = 48.5 (g) (1)

(allow 4849)
(note can use calculation involving

P1V1
3
st
and 22.4 dm instead of 1 mark T

requires same accuracy for full marks)

(c)

moles HC1

100
5.0 = 0.5(0)(mol) (1)
1000

moles H2

moles HC1
(1) = 0.25 (mol)
2

(if no factor of 2 CE = O from here)

mass H2

cranford community college

= 0.252 = 0.5(0) (g) (1)

18

(d)

(i)

O = 44.4 (1)

(if incorrect O, AE1)

(if O omitted can score max 1 for FeC2)
ratio Fe:C:O =

38.9
16.7 44.4
:
:
(if use At, CE)
55.8 (or 50) 12.0 16.0

=1:2:4
Fe C2 O4 (1)
(ii)

CO (1)
(mark independent of d (ii))

4
[15]

25.

pV = nRT (1)
6

moles CCl2F2 = (110 1 10 ) / 121

(= 8.26 10

mol) (1)
9

V = (8.26 10 8.314 298) / 1.01 10 (1)

8

V = 2.03 10 m

2 10 or any no. sig. fig. (1)

penalise wrong units

answer must be correct for their figures
[4]

26.

(a)

number of protons (1)

(b)

different number of neutrons (1)

they are isotopes not enough for the mark

cranford community college

1
1

19

(c)

(i)

mass spectrometer (1)

allow spectroscope

(ii)

(or average)
m e a n m a s s o f a n a to m (1 )
12
( m a s s ) 1 a to m o f 12C
or

mass of 1 mol of atoms (1)

mass of 1 mol of

12

C atoms

(1 )

12 (1)

or mean mass of an atom (1)

12

or compared with {an atom of C taken as 12

12
{ 121 of a C atom
If molecule, element or entity instead of atom lose 1 mark

(iii)

(82 12) (83 12) (84 50) (86 26)

100

(1)

= 84.16

allow 84.1 to 84.2 ignore units

(d)

1s22s22p 63s23p64s23d

10

4p

(1)
5

(1 )

not allow [Ar]

(e)

more protons (1)

or increased nuclear charge
attracting electrons in the same {shell
{orbital
{subshell
{energy level
or similar shielding

(f)

2
th

outer electron in Rb is in 5 shell (or additional shell) (1)

further away (or more shielded) from nucleus (1)
mark independently but if there is contradiction no marks

2
[12]

cranford community college

20

27.

(a)

Avogadros number of molecules (1)

23

12

allow 6 to 6.1 10 molecules OR No. of atoms in 12g of C

(b)

(i)

mass 100

(1) = 1.64(1)
Mr
61
allow 1.63 to 1.64
PV = nRT (1)
V=

nRT 3 1.64 8.31 400

P
100 000

(1)

allow use of p = 100 if answer in dm

= 0 .1 6 4 m

if no 3 CE

(1)

allow 0.162 to 0.166

allow conseq on moles CH2NO2

(ii)

V = V1

T2
1000
0.164
T1
400

(1)

allow conseq on vol of gas products in (i)

3

= 0.410 (m )

(1)

allow 0.4 to 0.42

or V

nRT 3 1.64 8.31 1000

(1)
P
100 000

Thus if ans = ans to (i)

st

or (for 1 mark)

10
allow 2 marks ignore units
4

allow conseq on moles CH3NO2 and on omission of 3

(c)

moles CO2 = moles Na2CO3 =

2
0.0454 (1)
44

allow 0.045 to 0.046

3

moles in 1000 cm = 0.0454 5 = 0.227 (mol dm ) (1)

allow 0.22 to 0.23
nd

2 mark allow conseq moles (from first melting point) 5

units not essential, penalise wrong units (1 mark)

cranford community college

21

(d)

% 0 = 100 25.9 = 74.1 (1)

wrong % AE 1
N:O=

25.9 74.1
:
(1)
14 16

= 1 : 2.5
N2O5 (1)
NO3 gains first two marks probably

(e)

N2O5 2NO2 +

1
O2 (1)
2

allow 2
if (d) is NO3

1
O2
2

allow NO3 NO2 +

or 21

[14]

28.

(a)

number of protons in one atom or nucleus (1)

Allow protons & electrons
do not allow protons + electrons or electrons

1
(b)

23
11

(1) Na (1)
23
OR Na 11
or Na (1) + unambiguous statement of mass no. and
atomic no.

(c)

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p (1)
2

Allow Ne 3s 3p

1
(d)

14 (1)

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22

(e)

average mass of an atom (or isotope)

(1) 12 (1)
mass of 1 atom of 12 C
Reference to mass number not mass C.E. = 0
OR stated in moles
OR compared with 1/12 of a
to

12

12

C atom or relative

C when taken as 12

2
(f)

(i)

electron gun (1)

(ii)

(particles must be charged) (ions) before attraction to a charged plate (or electric
field) (1)
(or only ions can be attracted or accelerated by an electric field)
or converse; if not charge not attracted to electric field

(iii)

magnetic field (or magnet) (1)

(iv)

magnetic field (1) (accelerating potential or strength of magnet)

allow magnet

(g)

(i)

24.0 64.2 25.0 20.3 26.0 15.5

100 (1)
(1) mark for any m/z relative abundance
If numerator is correct but 100 has A.E. conseq A.E. -1
If A.E. on 100 allow conseq correct answer provided numerator is correct

= 24.5 (1)
Allow 24.5 to 24.52
ignore units

(ii)

magnesium (1) (or Mg) (allow conseq on wrong Ar)

(iii)

abundance of isotopes is different (1) (or different isotopes)

5
[16]

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23

29.

moles NaOH used

= vol / 1000 (1) = 21.7 (if uses 25 here only scores

first of first 4 marks)/ 1000 0.112
= 0.00243 (1) (consider 0.0024 as an arithmetic
error loses 1 mark)
(range 0.00242 to 0.00244)
3

moles HCl in 25 cm
3
moles of HCl in 250 cm
moles ZCl4
Mr
Ar
Therefore element is

= 0.00243 (1) (or 1 mol HCl reacts with 1 mol NaOH)

= 0.0243 (1)
= 0.0243 / 4 = 0.006075 (1) (or 0.006076 or 0.006 mark is for / 4)
= mass / no. Moles (1) (method mark also 1.304 / 0.006075)
= 214.7 (1) (or 0.006 gives 217) (allow 214 to 215)
= 214.7 - 142 = 72.7 (1) (217 gives 75, 142 is 35.5 4)
Germanium (1) (allow conseq correct from Ar)
(75 gives As)

If not / 4 C.E. from there on but can score 2 independent marks for (mass /
moles / method and identity of element)
(for candidates who use m1v1 = m2v2 and calculate [HCl] = 0.0972 allow 1
marks
if 25 and 21.7 wrong way round only award 1/3)

st

[9]

30.

(a)

L=

1.0078
mass of 1 mol
(1) or
24
mass of 1 atom
1.6734 10
must show working
23

= 6.0225 10 (1)
Ignore wrong units
NB answer only scores 1

2
(b)

equal (1)
Or same or 1:1

cranford community college

24

(c)

PV = nRT (or n =
=

PV
) (1)
RT

98000 0.0352
(1)
8.31 298

= 1.39 (1)
Allow 1.390 to 1.395
ignore units even if incorrect
answer = 1.4 loses last mark

(d)

0.732

1000
3
= 2.93 (1) mol.dm (1)
250
3

OR M, mol/dm , mol.l

allow 2.928 to 2.93

Note unit mark tied to current answer but allow unit
mark if answer = 2.9 or 3

(e)

(i)

moles H2SO4 =

25
1.24 = 0.0310
1000

If use m1v1 = m2v2 scores 3 if answer is correct otherwise zero

3

moles NH3 in 30.8 cm = 0.0310 2 = 0.0620 (1)

Mark is for 2
CE if 2 not used

moles of NH3 in 1 dm = 0.620

1000
3
= 2.01 (1) (mol dm )
30.8

Allow 2.010 to 2.015

No units OK, wrong units lose last mark

cranford community college

25

(ii)

moles (NH4)SO4 = moles H2SO4 = 0.310 (1)

Allow consequential wrong moles in part (i) if clear H2SO4=(NH4)SO4
Wrong formula for (NH4)SO4 CE=0

Mr (NH4)SO4 = 132.1 (1)

Allow (132)

mass = moles Mr = 0.0310 132.1 = 4.10 (1)

if moles of (NH4)SO4 not clear CE
(g) wrong unit loses mark
Allow 4.09 4.1 4.11

6
(f)

Mg3N2 + 6H2O 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3

Formulae (1)
Balanced equation (1)

2
[16]

31.

(a)

Proton: mass 1, charge + 1 (1)

Neutron: mass 1, charge 0 (1)
Electron 1/1840, charge -1 (1)
Allow mass = 0, or negligible, or 1/1800 to 1/2000

Isotopes have the same number of protons (1)

OR atomic number

different number of neutrons (1)

Isotopes have the same electronic configuration (1)
OR same number of electrons

Chemical properties depend on electrons

(b)

average (1) mass of an atom/isotopes

12 (1)
mass of 1 atom of 12 C
OR

mass of 1mol of atoms

mass of 1atom of

12

12 or in words

Spectrum gives (relative) abundance (1)

OR % or amount

cranford community college

26

And m/z (1)

Multiply m/z by relative abundance for each isotope (1)
Allow instead of m/z mass no, Ar or actual value from example

Sum these values (1)

Divide by the sum of the relative abundances (1)
only award this mark if previous 2 given
Max 2 if e.g. has only 2 isotopes

7
[14]

32.

(a)

mass
19.6
=
(1) (= 0.537)
Mr
36.5
0.537
Concentration =
(1)
0.25
3
= 2.15 (mol dm ) (1)
mass
Conseq on
correct
Mr
Moles HCl =

min 2 d.p. 2.14 to 2.15

Ignore units
A.E. lose one mark

(b)

(i)

21.7
0.263 = 5.7(1) 103 (mol) (1)
1000
5.7 to 5.71 10

(ii)

5.71 10 3
3
= 2.85 10 (mol) (1)
2
Conseq

(iii)

0.394
= 138 (1)
2.85 10 3

Conseq

cranford community college

27

(iv)

Relative atomic mass of M: 138 - 60 = 78 (1)

78
= 39 (1)
2
+
Identify of M: Potassium or K or K (1)
Conseq
If 78 = Mr then M = selenium

6
[9]

33.

(a)

Ideal gas equation law (1)

(b)

Moles of X: n

PV
110000 2.34 10 4
(1) =
RT
8.31 473
3
= 6.55 10 (1)

6.5 to 6.6 10

, min 2 sig figs

RT
If write n
zero here, but can score Mr
PV
m
(1)
n
= 62 (1)

Relative molecular mass of X: Mr =

61.5 to 62.5

4
(c)

% oxygen = 51.6 (2)

C =38.7 / 12
= 3.23
1 : 3: 1

H = 9.68 / 1

O = 57.6(2) / 16

= 9.68

= 3.23

(1)

CH3O (1)

If no % O or if wrong Ar used then max 1

Correct empirical formula earns all three marks

(d)

62
CH3O) = C2H6O2 (1)
31

1
[9]

cranford community college

28

34.

(a)

Ionisation (1)
High speed or high energy electrons or electron gun (1)
NOT bombard
NOT beam or stream of electrons

Knocks out (outer) electron (1)

+

Forming positive ion - could be from Ti Ti + e (1)

Accept + ion later in question to clarify charge of ion

Ti + e Ti + 2 e worth 2 marks
Ignore state symbols

Acceleration (1)
By electric field or attraction to negative plate or electrostatic attraction (1)
NOT repelled by + plate
Allow passed through positive & negative plates / oppositely
charged plates
Not just charged plates

Deflection (1)
By magnetic field or magnet or electromagnet (1)
Detection (1)
Idea that ions collected at detector and generate current (1)
Both ions have the same m / z value (of 24) or valid arguments
48 2+
in terms of the doubled charge on Ti exactly counteracting its
doubled mass (1)
Deflected equally (so detected together) or deflection dependent
on m / z value (1)
Cant get this from previous section

10
(b)

Differ in mass number or number of neutrons (1)

Same proton / atomic number (1)
Ignore reference to electrons here

Isotopes have the same chemical properties (1)

because all have the same electron configuration or number of electrons
or same number of valence electrons (so no chemical difference) (1)
This mark is tied to the above mark or near miss [similar etc] in M3

cranford community college

29

(c)

Mean mass of an atom or (isotope) (1) [NOT mass of average atom]

12

12

Relative to 1/12 mass of C atom atc. Or to C taken as 12.000 or

exactly 12 (1)
Isotope can be accepted
OR

mean (average) mass of an atom

(1) 12 (1)

mass of an atom of 12 C
mass of 1 mol of atoms
OR
(1) 12 (1)
mass of 1 mol of 12 C

Ar = (46 .0802) + (47 .0731) + (48 .7381) + (49 .0554) + (50 .0532) (1)
= 47.93 answer to 2 d.p (1)
47.92 is acceptable
Must be 5 sets of values
Ignore transcription errors BUT DONT ignore missing 100 C.E.
If missing isotope C.E.

4
[18]

35.

(a)

Relative charge 1 (1)

4

Relative mass 1/1800 or 5.55 10 (1)

Accept zero / negligible

(b)

(c)

(i)

Protons = 24 (1)

(ii)

Neutrons = 28 (1)

(iii)

Need (relative) abundance or peak height or intensity

/ amount / number / % / fraction of each element (1)
Not: ratio of each isotope

(i)

Reason 1: To allow particles to be accelerated / deflected /

detected or to count
Reason 2: Charged particles or to generate a current in the detector
Any 2 (2)
Not: to allow m/z to be measured

(ii)

Magnetic field or electric field or electromagnet (1)

(iii)

Deflection depends on mass or m/z (1)

cranford community college

30

(d)

(i)

(simplest) ratio of atoms of each element in compound (1)

(ii)

% oxygen = 39.5% (1)

Na 28.4/23
Cr 32.1/52
O 39.5/16 (1)
= 1.23
= 0.617
= 2.47
(2:1:4) so empirical formula = Na2CrO4 (1)
If % oxygen not calculated, only M2 available; if Ar values
wrong, only M1 available

[13]

36.

(a)

(i)

Atoms with the same number of protons / proton number (1)

NOT same atomic number
with different numbers of neutrons (1)
NOT different mass number / fewer neutrons

(ii)

Chemical properties depend on the number or amount of (outer) electrons (1)

OR, isotopes have the same electron configuration / same number of e

(iii)

23/6.023 10 (1)
CE = 0 if inverted or multiplied

23

tied to M1 3.8(2) 10
2

23

[2-5 sig figs] (1)

(b)

1s 2s 2p 3s (1)
accept subscripted figures

(c)

Highest energy e / outer e s / last e in (3)d sub-shell (1)

OR d sub-shell being filled / is incomplete
OR highest energy sub-shell is (3)d

NOT transition element / e configuration ends at 3d

Q of L

(d)

15
7

N correct symbol (1)

allow N 157

Mass number = 15 AND atomic number = 7 (1)

2
[9]

cranford community college

31

37.

(a)

High speed electrons OR electrons from an electron gun (1)

Knocks out an (outer-shell) electron (on the chromium atom) (1)

Accept Cr(g) + e Cr (g) + 2e

NOT e gun alone / beam of e / bombardment with e

(b)

Electric field OR (attraction to) -ve plate OR electrostatic attraction (1)

OR (repelled by) +ve plate OR charged plate
NOT high p.d. / electromagnetic field / electric plates

(c)

Magnet OR magnetic field OR electromagnet(1)

(d)

Ar = (50 0.043) + (52 0.838) + (53 0.095) + (54 0.024) (1)

52.06 OR 52.05 (1)
Mark consequentially on transcription, or addition of %, error

2
[6]

38.

(a)

(i)

75.0 10 0.500 = 0.0375 (mol) (1)

accept 0.037 or 0.038

(ii)

21.6 10 0.500 = 0.0108 (mol) (1)

accept 0.011
If both (i) and (ii) answers wrong, allow ONE process mark for
both correct processes

(iii)

0.0375 - 0.0108 = 0.0267 (mol) (1)

Not conseq must use figures shown

cranford community college

32

(iv)

Moles of MgCO3 = 0.0267/2

allow 0.0134 - 0.0133

= 0.01335 (mol) (1)

Mass of MgCO3 = 0.01335 84.3 (1)

allow 84
mark conseq on moles MgCO3
= 1.125g (1)
accept 1.13g
mark conseq
Percentage MgCO3 = 1.125/1.25 100 (1)
mark conseq (check for inversion)
= 90% (1)

mark conseq
range = 89.5 - 90.5%
If % expression inverted, lose M4 and M5

(b)

(i)

% oxygen = 38.0 (1)

Na = 36.5/23
= 1.587

S = 25.5/32(.1)

O = 38.0/16 (1)

= 0.794

= 2.375

= 2:1:3 (1)
If no % of oxygen Max 1 (allow M2 only)
If % for Na and S transposed, or atomic numbers used, M1 only
available

(ii)

Na2SO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 (1)

allow multiples
2

allow SO3 + 2H H2O + SO2

[12]

cranford community college

33

39.

Ideal gas equation: pV = nRT (1)

103000 127 10 6
(1)
(8.31 415)
mark for volume conversion fully correct

Calculation: n = pV/RT =

= 3.79 10 (mol) (1)

3
3
range 3.79 10 to 3.8 10
3

Mr = m/n = .304/3.79 10 = 80.1 (1)

range 80 80.3
min 2 s.f. conseq
If V wrong lose M2; p wrong lose M3; inverted lose M3
and M4

[5]

40.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Proton
Electron

mass = 1
charge = +1
4
mass 1/1800 Or 5.6 10
charge = 1
(Do not accept +1 for proton mass or g units)

1
1

(i)

13

(ii)

Si

Mass number = 28 and atomic number = 14

(Do not accept 28.1 or 28.0 or Silicon)

Mean (average) mass of an atom / all the isotopes

th
12
1/12 mass of atom of C
Or Mass of 1 mole of atoms of an element
(1)
th
12
1/12 mass of 1 mole of C
(1)
Or Average mass of an atom / all the isotopes
(1)
12
relative to the mass of a C atom taken as exactly 12 / 12.000 (1)
12
(Penalise weight once only) (Ignore average mass of C)
(Do not allow mass of average atom)

cranford community college

1
1

34

(d)

Ar = (24 0.735) + (25 0.101) + (26 0.164)

= 24.4
(mark M2 conseq on transcription error or incorrect addition
of %)

1
1

(e)

Mr = highest m/z value

(NOT highest/largest/right-hand peak)

1
[10]

41.

(a)

2.43 10
(mark conseq on (a)(ii))

3.01/2.43 10
(mark conseq on (a)(iii))

124

(i)

4.86 10

(ii)

2.43 10
(mark conseq on (a)(i))

(iii)
(iv)

(Do not allow 124 without evidence of appropriate calculation

in (a)(iii))

(b)

Mr(Na2CO3) = 106
Mr (xH2O) = 250 106 = 144
(mark conseq on M1)
x=8
(mark conseq on M2)
(Penalise sf errors once only)

1
1
1

(c)

(i)

PV = nRT

(ii)

Moles Ar = 325/39.9 = 8.15

(accept Mr = 40)

1
3

P = nRT/V = (8.15 8.31 298)/5.00 10

6
3
= 4.03 10 Pa or = 4.03 10 kPa
6
6
Range = 4.02 10 Pa to 4.04 10 Pa
(If equation incorrectly rearranged, M3 & M4 = 0 If n =325,
lose M2)
(Allow M1 if gas law in (ii) if not given in (i))

1
1

[12]

cranford community college

35

42.

(a)

Enthalpy change/required when an electron is removed/knocked

out/displaced (Ignore minimum energy)

From a gaseous atom

(could get this mark from equation)

2+

(b)

Mg (g) Mg (g) + e
+

2+

Or Mg (g) + e Mg (g) + 2e

(c)

Increased/stronger nuclear charge or more protons

Smaller atom or electrons enter the same shell or same/similar shielding

(d)

Electron removed from a shell of lower energy or smaller atom or e nearer

nucleus or e removed from 2p rather than from 3s

Less shielding

(Do not accept e from inner shell)

Equation
State symbols (Tied to M1)

1
1

1
1

1
1
[8]

43.

(a)

(i)

p + n / number of nucleons (accept protons and neutrons)

(Incorrect reference to electrons = contradiction)

(ii)

Mean /average mass of a molecule/entity/formula

th
12
l/12 mass of atom of C
th
12
[Not 1/12 mass of molecule of C ] (mark independently)

1
1

OR

Mass of 1 mole of molecules/entities

th
12
l/12 mass of 1 mole of C

(1)
(1)

OR

Average mass of a molecule/entity

12
Relative to the mass of a C atom taken as 12 / 12.000
(Mean/average = stated or explained)
(mass = stated or explained)
(Penalise weight once only)

(1)
(1)

12

(Ignore average mass of C)

(Do not allow mass of average molecule)

(b)

10

(i)

2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
(accept 3d 4s )
(accept subscripts or caps)
[Penalise missing shell numbers]

(ii)

d/D

[NOT 3d/ transition element]

(iii)

36

[NOT 36.0]

cranford community college

36

(c)

63

65

(i)

More Cu atoms than Cu atoms

63
(idea of more abundant Cu isotope - NOT just reference to
peak heights)

(ii)

Electron from electron gun / high speed electron / high energy electron
(accept electron gun fired at)
[NOT bombarded with electrons]

(iii)

knock electron off (Cu atom) / idea of loss of e / appropriate equation

(Mark independently)

63

[NOT 63.0 - penalise this error once only]

m/z = 63/2 (=31.5)

or equivalent
More energy needed to remove second electron OR
63
2+
Cu statistically less likely to remove second electron
63
2+
(Idea that not many Cu ions formed OR explains why few are
formed e.g. more energy needed)
63
If Cu not given, can only award M2 & M3

1
1

2+

Cu or equivalent

Notes on

[If 65 used, lose M1 and M2]

(c)

[If mass number missing from identity but appears in explanation,

penalise Ml but allow M2 if earned]

(iii)

[12]

44.

(a)

100 l0 0.500 =

(ii)

27.3 10 0.600 =

(iii)

1.64 10 (mol)
Mark conseq on (ii)

(iv)

5.00 10 - 1.64 10 = 3.36 10 (mol)

Mark conseq on (i) & (iii)

(v)

3.36 10 = 1.68 10 (mol) If 2.78 10 used 1.39 10

Mark conseq on (iv)

5.00 10 (mol)

(i)

accept 5 10 / 0.05

1.64 10 / 1.638 l0 (mol) only

1.68 10 l32(.l)

or 1.39 10 132(.l)
Mark for Mr

= 2.22 g

or 1.83 g

cranford community college

37

(b)

pV = nRT

n 0.143
17
T

pV
nR

8.4(1) 10 (mol)

100000 2.86 10 4
(1)
8.31 8.4 10 3

= 408.5 410.5 (K)

Mark conseq on moles
Note Sig. fig. penalty - apply once if single sf given, unless calc works exactly

[11]

45.

(a)

(i)

(ii)

(b)

(i)

(atoms with the) same number of protons / same atomic number /

atoms of the same element;
(molecules = contradiction)
But different number of neutrons / different mass number;
(not different atomic mass or Ar)
detected by: +ve ions collide with / are directed or deflected to /
are collected at the detector;
causing current to flow / detected electrically /
idea of electricity or voltage generated;
(not charge produced or detected electronically)
abundance measured: idea that current depends on
abundance/number of ions hitting detector;

1
1

1
1
1

mean /average mass of an atom / all the isotopes;

th
12
l/12 mass of atom of C ;
(mark independently)
OR
mass of 1 mole of atoms (of an element);
th
12
l/12 mass of l mole of C;
OR
average mass of a molecule/entity;
12
relative to the mass of a C atom taken as 12 / 12.000;
(penalise weight once only)
12
(ignore average mass of C)
(do not allow mass of average atom )

(ii)

(c)

(i)

(54 5.8) (56 91.6) (57 2.6)

;
100
= 55.9;
2

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p ;

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1
1

1
38

(accept subscripts or caps; ignore 4s) (penalise missing shell

numbers)

(ii)

highest energy level / last sub-shell to be filled / is (3)d;

OR

(iii)

outermost electrons in the d sub-shell/orbital;

(not incomplete d sub-shell)
(not valance electron in d sub-shell)

no difference;

same e arrangement / same number of e / same valence e .

OR
same chemical properties;
OR
chemical properties determined by electrons;
(M2 tied to correct answer for M1)

1
[13]

46.

(a)

moles HN03
=
175 X 10 1.5 = (0.2625 mol);
moles Pb(NO3 )2 =
0.2625 = (0.131 mol);
Mr Pb(NO3 )2
=
331(.2);
mass Pb(NO3 )2 =
331.2 x 0.131=43.5 g;
(accept 43.2 - 43.8)
(M1 & M2 are process marks. If error in M1, or in M2, do not
mark M4
consequentially, i.e. do not award M4)
(if atomic numbers used in M3, do not award M4)

1
1
1
1

(b)

(i)

pV = nRT;
pV 100000 1.5 10 4
n

;
RT
8.31 500
=

cranford community college

3.61 X 10 ;
(If pressure not converted to Pa, max 2)
RT
(If n =
used = CE; M2 = M3 = 0)
pV

1
1

39

(ii)

molesN02 =
4/5 3.61 10 ;
[mark is for use of 4/5]
3

Mr NO2

1
3

= 2.89 10 OR 1.7810 ;

46;
3

massNO2 =
46 2.89l0
= 0.1.33(g) OR 0.0821 (g);
( if atomic numbers used, M3 = M4 = 0)

1
[11]

47.

(penalty for sig fig error =1mark per question)

(a)

neutron:

relative mass = 1
(not neutral)

relative charge = 0

electron:
relative mass = 1/1800 0/negligible or
4
5.56 10 0 relative charge = 1

(b)

17

O/O

17

mass number

(Do not accept 17.0)

oxygen symbol O
(if oxygen + mass number = 17(1))
(if oxygen+ mass number = 17(0))
0
(if at N given but 8, treat as con for M2)
(if lp on Be, diagram = 0)
(ignore bond angles)
(not dot and cross diagrams)

1
1

(c)

C l

B e

Cl

C l
Cl

QoL Linear (1)

beat / V-shaped / angular (1)
(mark name and shape independently)
(accept (distorted) tetrahedral)
(if balls instead of symbols, lose M1 can award M2)
(penalise missing Cl once only)
(not non-linear)

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40

(d)

Mr (Mg(NO3)2 = 58(.3) (if At N used, lose M1 and M2)

2

moles Mg(OH)2 = 0.0172 (conseq on wrong M ) (answer to 3+ s.f.)

moles HCl = 2 0.0172 = 0.0344 or 0.0343 (mol) (process mark)

0.0343 1000
= 34.3 34.5 (cm3) (unless wrong unit)
1
(if candidate used 0.017 or 0.0171 lose M2)
(just answer with no working, if in range = (4). if, say, 34 then =(2))
(if not 2:1 ratio, lose M3 and M4)
(if work on HCl, CE = 0/4)
vol HCl =

[12]

48.

(penalty for sig fig error =1mark per question)

(a)

-3

(i)

moles KNO3 = 1.00/101.1 = 9.89 10 (mol)

(ii)

pV = nRT or n = pV/RT

moles O2 = n =

pV
100000 1.22 10 4
= (1)
(1)
RT
8.31 298

= 4.93 10-3 (mol)

(mark answer first check back if wrong)
(transcription error lose M3, mark M4 conseq on error)
(if untraceable figures used M3=M4=0)
(if wrong temp conversion lose M3 conseq M4)
(if n = RT/pV CE, lose M3 and M4)
(b)

(i)
(ii)

simplest/lowest ratio of atoms of each / element/s in a compound /

substance / species / entity / molecule
K

45.9
39.1

16.5
14

37.6
(1)
16

1.17

1.18

2.35

KNO

(1)

(M3 tied to M2), (M3 can be transferred from equation if ratio correct
but EF not given) (if calc inverted, lose M2 and M3), (if used At N 1 /
wrong No for Ar then CE, lose M2 and M3) (if % of O missing,
award M2 only)

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41

(c)

2KNO 2KNO + O or fractions/multiples

3

2 2

(accept 2KNO K N O + O )
(do NOT accept Y in equation)
[10]

49.

(a)

Mean (average) mass of an atom / all the isotopes or

th
12
1/12 mass of atom of C

1
1

Mass of 1mole of atoms of an element or

th
12
1/12 mass of 1mole of C
average mass of an atom / all the isotopes
12
Relative to the mass of a C atom taken as exactly 12 / 12.000
(penalise weight once only) (ignore average mass of
(not mass of average atom)
(b)

12

C)

A2 = (64 0.389) + (66 0.278) + (67 0..147) + (68 0.186)

= 65.7

(mark M2 conseq on transcription error or incorrect addition of %)

identity: zinc / Zn

(Conseq on A2 but only if their A2 is within range of Periodic Table)

(c)

electron gun (fires) electrons or high speed/energy electrons

(not just bombarded by electrons or bombarded by electron gun)

knocks off e from Q

(may be earned from a real or generic equation)

Reasons: to allow ions to be:

accelerated (by an electric field)

deflected (by a magnet/magnetic field)

detected / description of current formed at the detector/sensor

(accept in any order)

(allow clear descriptions of accelerated, deflected, detected)
[10]

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42

50.

(a)

Atoms/isotopes/particles/species with the same (number of) protons and

different (number of) neutrons
[Not atomic number/mass number/molecules/same element/diff
electrons]

(b)

37
17 Cl

1
1

(c)

(i)

2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p
2
10
[allow reversed 4s 3d ]
[allow capitals/subscripts]

(ii)

Ar =

17 & Cl
Mass number
[Not 37.0] [Mark independently] [ignore charges]

10

(70 24.4) (72 32.4) (74 43.2)

100
[Wrong approach or not dividing by 100 = CE = 0]

= 72.4

1
[Answer to 1 d.p.] [Mark conseq on transcription error]

(iii)

(iv)

Magnet/electromagnet/magnetic field / electric field/charge on

negative/accelerator plate

Correct link between deflection and m/z

Correct link between deflection and field

[Penalise reflected/diffracted once only]
[Ignore references to molecules/atoms/particles]
[Consolation mark: allow correct link between mass and
deflection for 1 mark out of the 2]

72

Ge 2 only

1
36 +

Same m/z as S
[Mark independently]

1
[11]

51.

(a)

(i)

Avogadros number/constant of molecules/particles/species / 6 10

[Not atoms]

23

Or same number of particles as (there are atoms)

[Not molecules]
12

in 12.(00)g of C

cranford community college

43

(ii)

2
Moles O2 = 0.350 (= 1.09 10 mol)
32

(iii)

= 29 ( 1.09 10 )
[Accept answers via 4 separate mole calculations]

= 0.316 0.317 mol [answer to 3+ sf]

[Mark conseq on errors in M1/M2]

Moles of nitroglycerine = 4 1.09 10

[Mark conseq on their moles of O2]

(1)

(= 0.0438 mol)

Mr of nitroglycerine = 227 or number string

1
1

Moles of nitroglycerine = 227 0.0438 = 9.90 9.93(g)

[answer to 3+ sf]
[If string OK but final answer wrong then allow M6 but AE for
M7]
[Mark conseq on error in Mr] [Penalise wrong units]
[Penalise sig. fig. errors once only in whole question]

(b)

mRT
nRT
or p =
V
V
0.873 8.31 1100
nRT
p=
=
V
1.00 10 3

pV = nRT or pV =

1
1

= 7980093 or 7980 or 7.98

[ignore s.f.]

units = Pa or kPa or MPa

(as appropriate)
[If error in conversion from Pa, treat as a contradiction of the
units mark]
[If transfer error, mark conseq but penalise M2]
[If data from outside of above used, penalise M2 and M3]
[If pV expression incorrectly rearranged, penalise M2 and M3]
[if T = 1373 K used, penalise M2]

[11]

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