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The Description Paper
Question 1
The ever-evolving scientific realm of artificial intelligence (AI) has had a great impact
on human lives. Mankind have experienced revolutionary technologies that, fundamentally,
elongated their lifespan. Not only humans have sustained healthier lives, advantages in AI are
ubiquitous in manufacturing, economics, globalization, communication, construction, security,
and medicine. However, for every action theres an equal and opposite reaction. But! It all
depends on where you stand. To bolster my probably fallacious argument, imagine standing a
meter away from wall with a ball in one of your hands. Now, you throw the ball at the wall and it
bounces back, right? Depending on the strength (or force) at which you throw the ball, it will
bounce back at the same rate. While its bouncing back, and assuming its taking a straight path,
if you turn slightly to either side, the ball wont hit you, correct? This is how I think about AI.
Artificial Intelligence, with all its advantages, can be detrimental. It could render janitors
homeless, bus drivers bankrupt, surgeons useless, and, possibly, humans dead. Alas, I believe its
all mitigable. As an engineering student, I would like to think that; all that is being pursued in
the development of computer technology and robotics is its potential to advance the human lives
and to foster our capital. For instance, robotic arms in a production plant increases efficiency,
productivity, as well as reliability; all while keeping utility costs at bare minimum. Although it

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requires maintenance, the benefits (insurance premiums, sick days, etc.) paid to human
employees could be equated, if not surpasses that of robotic-arm semiannual maintenance cost.
In this perspective, the commercial world has improved its means of trading after incorporating
such modern technology. Moreover, people can use a piece of aggregated matter as a platform
for communication to perform transactions throughout our home planet Earth in a matter of
seconds. If cavemen were to witness the world today, they wouldve possibly been frightened to
see a piece of material that could speak, let alone fly. They would probably think its magic or a
divine miracle. What happened after the cavemen off-spring multiplied in number? They had to
live in different caves! But how would they still be in touch? They began to manipulate stuff
for that matter. Passing down generations into the future, particularly in Pharaonic Egypt. How
did Egyptians build the pyramids? They enslaved men, they knew they had to feed them if they
wanted the pyramids to be built, they knew how to minimally provide for their slaves to
preserve their bodies to build those pyramids; however, those slaves had neither rights nor
choice. But those same slaves did not want to be break free of their chains. They had a single
way out, had they chose to consult their mind. They couldve done so either by inventing tools to
replace their tedious job, or use their tongues to talk themselves out of their misery. But they
chose not to. Instead, they stayed there with their chains in content and agony.
The same analogy could be applied to janitors, bus drivers and so on. However, one distinction is
ought to be made. That is, the difference between Artificial Intelligence, and Super Genuine
Intelligence (i.e. human intelligence). AI, as its name indicate, is artificial. An imitation of Super
Genuine Intelligence and rationale. It functions as a helpless, melancholic slave to its master.
Janitors and bus drivers are humans; they are free to choose whether they would like to climb the
ladder or not. Of course, it is probably very tough to do so, but it is undeniably possible in this

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day and age. They could choose a better life for their off-springs and adapt to rapid changes.
They are a mindful composition of substances; I know this because Im just like them.
I spend most of the time trying to portray my idea about humans rather than artificial intelligence
for a simple matter. I have done extensive research on the topic of Artificial Intelligence, and the
role of industrial engineers in automatization. The misplaced attacks by social activists against
engineers are ever-agonizing and unproductive, while their rhetoric is linguistically deceptive.
But they make a point, that is; if engineers, linguisticians, philosophers, psychologists,
sociologists, neurologists, and mathematicians come to scientifically, and logically explain the
problem of eloquence; a Super Genuine Intelligent agent would not be impossible, in my
opinion. For those super agents to evolve biologically, Im a skeptic but wont deny the
possibility. Thinking about a Super Intelligent being other than us (humans) is horrifyingly
intriguing, in my opinion.
Question 2
Part a
The issue of artificial intelligence has brought controversy among scholars over whether
it has burstingdoles to humanity. There are qualms that artificial intelligence will not only
address the envisionedglitches but will bring on course its impediments that will
eventuallyindignant the human race. As man seeks to pursue the artificial intelligence, there are
paybacks that he ruminates will be deciphered in the due course (O'Leary 97). Bestowing to
human perception, the improvement of artificial intelligence will result in superintelligence and
this is reckoned to unravel human intrinsic problems such as deprivation, poverty,
ecologicalannihilations, malady, improving the transport system and advancement of the human
life.

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Markedly, the outlook of people as they seek to incorporate the artificial technology is to
make life a bit comfy to them. They discover the appendage of the robot-like humans to execute
the jobs that have been conventionally done by people. In this regard, they fathom that the use of
computer technology will make the faster fabrication of goods, and this will be indispensable,
exclusively, to the budding human population. Characteristically, the briskly increasing
population growth needs supplements of technology vastly in the course of the production so that
human needs and wants can be mollified (O'Leary 98). According to human cognition, all this
can only be conceivable with the application of the computing power which fallouts in artificial
intelligence. Since the auxiliary growth of the artificial intelligence is in the offing to yield
superintelligence, there is anextraordinaryodds such knack could be capable of eradicating
human's traditional problems such as dearth. Consequently, as developments are being done in
the area, the definitive resolve that is being hunted is to engross the use human-like robots that
grip artificial intelligence is doing things as dictated by the human expertise. Given this, the
driving force to the use of artificial intelligence is targeted at upgrading the modern human life
by engaging this skill in all facets of the human life that requisite it. Profoundly, this could be in
the infirmaries in the delivery of healthcare, in the transport industry to help lessen the degree of
the road accidents, in a classroom to help impart the official syllabus and timely coaching to the
apprentices among many other segments of the economy.
As people engage in the search for acquaintance, attention, and self-consciousness, the
delinquent of consciousness derive. In this regard, as long as human life is being involved in
executionof roles, cognizance will always be a constituent in all that the person does. Now, the
unruly of human consciousness comes along when he or she becomes involved in the running of
the typical life. Customarily, sentience goes hand in hand with the functioning of the brain and

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could occasionally influence the human decision-making process (O'Leary 97). Predominantly,
human wits are typically highly involved in the decision-making process, and when in qualm,
consciousness comes into play. In this perspective, this is a sense that enriches the human
rationing and helps to make the sound decisions based on the human inner spirit wishes. For that
reason, while the problem of consciousness arises, the chief intention is to seek to appendage the
human reasoning. All this is found through seeking gen and understanding of oneself.
Part b
In the current world, numerousoccasions illustrate the problem of the artificial
intelligence. For example, the use of computing power has led to trifling job creation
opportunities all over the world. In fact, the human-like robots now do Jobs that were
traditionally performed by the human beings, and this has led to ever snowballingredundancy
problems. If it were not for the development of the computing power that has made jobs
traditionally done by the people now being done by machines, then many people would be
hired(Bond and Gasser 37). As a result, even though many people sense that the presence of the
computing power is elevating the human lives, this will only transpire to a certain class of
individuals in the society while the rest will be left in anguish. Presently, intrusions are being
done to ripen vehicles that will not need the human efforts to move on the road with a motive to
lessen the road mishaps. Again, this will lead to another problem of redundancy to the chauffeurs
who have traditionally been involved in the operation of these automobiles. Moreover, it will
create more poverty among the low-class people in the society, and this has the odds to raise the
delinquency rates all over the world. Now that this is likely to be the incident, it is the time that
human beings have to ruminate about the pros and cons so that they can seek anelucidation when
the negative traits of this technology appear to cause detriment to human life.

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Additionally, the problem of consciousness is overwhelminglya manifest by various
episodes that people happenstance in their daily lives. Every day that one wakes from his or her
catnap, they are driven by their conscious aided by the brain to run the daily errands. Sometimes,
the conscious fails to push one to the veracious decision, and this will always bring antagonistic
effects to oneself. One imperious point to note is that cognizance does not show up when a
person is benumbed or departed (Bond and Gasser 98). Only an individual with his or her
sagacity will gripsentience, but in this respect, this focuses on how it helps the human reasoning.
For instance, there is a condition in human life when one's wits gets into quandary pertaining
which verdict is right to undertake. When this happens to be the case, people tend to move to
their conscious and embroil them in the decision-making. Now, the problem comes along when
they disremember about an application of rational approach in making decisions and end up
dogging a measure based on their conscious. When this happens to be the case, many are
instances whereby the resolution made is not optimum and result in the natal of other problems.
Part c
My personal outlook on this matter is that the problem can be deciphered. In this regard,
the issue with artificial intelligence can be unraveled if the right measures are pursued with selfrestraint. For instance, the citation regarding a fear of human race annihilation following the
development of the superintelligence with the computing power can be disentangled. In essence,
the computer works from the viewpoint of the individual command. Given that this is the case, it
is hard to envisage when the computing power will become naughty to the human command yet;
the same being develops it. If this is the human fear, then, it is the role of the same person to
develop the forward-thinking intelligence that they can effortlessly control them with no fear of
future adversative effects. Moreover, they can develop the moral values in the computing powers

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such that this intelligence can be in a position to pursue all that is right and abandon the wrong
possibilities (Bond and Gasser 68). If this happens to be the case, the fear that human race is in
the danger of extinction will expire. Additionally, as computing power is being developed, it
should be enabled to solve the human problems in the society. In this regard, the
superintelligence that is bequeathed to the computing power should be pursued to bring the
solution to the redundancy instead of complicating the matter. If this will be the case, even
human misery as a result if poverty will reduce ominously.
Question 3
Part a
According to Leibniz's, there are no two entities with specifically related properties.
Given this, dynamics that lead to this incongruence in features is all of the interest in the
application of the Leibniz's law in real life scenarios (Bond and Gasser 143).
Part b
Based on Descartes argument, mind and body are two things that are capable of existing
distinctly. Most importantly, to illustrate this portent, when one looks at the environment around
him or her, it is easy to notice that everything is not material substance. But at the same time, it
does not infer that everything has to be physical material for it to have the ability to exist. Given
this, one needs to understand that there is a distinction between the material substances and the
ones that are never physical such as mind but do exist (Bond and Gasser 97). According to
Descartes, every material thing ought to have an extension of itself. In other words, this is
something that has to occupy a perceptible space and in this case, there is no way that this thing
is going to share the interstellar with any other element. In this perspective, even water and air

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molecules can subjugate space and the same occupied space cannot be filled by anything else
since it is matchless.
In this regard, the first substance to fill the space is unmistakably a matter and is referred
to as res extensa. Now, when it comes to the perspective of recitationof ones mind, this does not
occupy space in real sense and could therefore be hard to pigeonhole it as a matter. In fact, this
lies in the category of though-like things and fits to the category of beliefs and emotions.
Primarily, these are things that do not occupy space and are therefore not extended. According to
Descartes, the mind is a non-material thing and is pigeon-holed in the group known as res
cogitans (Bond and Gasser 67). According to the discernment of many people, a wit is a material
substance that is entrenched in space. However, this is not the case since the mind cannot be
reckoned using length, tome, density or extensiveness, which are the properties used in the
cataloguing of material substances. Now that mind does not have any of these which is in
contrast to all that the body has, it is defensible to categorize it as a thought-like phenomenon.
In actual fact, the issue of the state of mind and body gives birth to the dual-substance
creed that tells more about the rapport between the two. According to this doctrine, human being
is composed of two separate elements and this entail the matter and the thought-like aspect. In
this case, matter entails the flesh and bones whereas the thought-like things involve mind among
many other characteristics. In the course of Descartes era, there were ghosts, and they were
categorized as thought-like things since they were imperceptible. Since no one could see them
just like no one can see or touch one's brain, they were regarded thought-like things. Descartes
uses this standpoint to expound the thought-like aspect of the mind and how its distinction can
result in its separation with the human body since they are not indistinguishable. He has made
the use of Leibniz's law in the elucidation of his propositions (Bond and Gasser 85). According

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to Leibnizs law, any two undistinguishable things must bear the same properties. Since
Descartes has revealed that mind and body can are not identical, then by Leibniz's law, the two
phenomena have the latent to exist discretely. In essence, a material and non-material thing as he
proposed, have the potential to live piecemeal and subsist regardless of the whereabouts of any
concomitantrudiments. Given this, the mind and body render these properties and could be
therefore categorized distinctly.
Conclusion
To conclude, the development of computer science technology has led to the unearthing
of artificial acumen. In essence, the driving force leading to the development of the artificial
intelligence has been anexpedition to mend the human life. In this perspective, human life is
reckoned to rally in the area of health, transport and communication among many other aspects
of human life. However, while all these positives are impending, there is a fear that such artificial
intelligence could source harm to human life in the future. Innately, there is a fear that this
artificial intelligence that is being developed could decline the individual commands from which
they archetypally operate from. All this could emanate from the fact that the computing power is
gradually becoming huge and has whitewashed the human brain. In the later parts of this paper,
Descartes has shown his understanding regarding the separation between the human mind and
body. In the justification, there has been the use of Leibniz's law which specifies for any identical
objects to entail the same properties.

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Works Cited
Bond, Alan H., and Les Gasser eds. Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence. Morgan
Kaufmann, 2014. Print.
O'Leary, Daniel E. "Artificial Intelligence and Big Data." IEEE Intelligent Systems 2 (2013): 9699. Print.