Health Care Financing

Introduction:
Health care financing is going on three questions:
How is to increase the funds?
How is fundraising?
How to pay for services?

Increase to money:
There are four main ways to increase funds to meet health
services.
Taxation.
Contributions to health insurance.
Payments of beneficiaries (actual cash payments, payments
will not be paid).
Donor funding.

Raise taxes as a source of financing for health care questions

about the tax base in different countries. What is the extent
of ease of collection of taxes on personal income or corporate
income taxes? How is the size of the informal economy? What
is the role of indirect taxes (consumption taxes, payroll taxes,
tariffs... Etc.)? And also affect tax revenues available to the
various levels of government and various areas on how much
can be made available to health care.
The idea of health insurance are very broad. There are many
different types of health care financing arrangements referred
to as "health insurance". Range from health insurance
schemes widely:
Whoever controls the organization of health insurance:
government, non-profit organizations, commercial
organizations?
Coverage: voluntary insurance (optional) or compulsory
insurance (comprehensive).
Collection of premiums: Is it a premium on the basis of
workers or on the basis of the family?
Assembly (see below).
Payments for services (see below).
These different types to a significant difference in incentives
for operating managers, the organization of health insurance.
Can-sponsored health insurance plans generally be subject to
great pressure to adjust expenditure. And tends to expand the
commercial insurance rotation view of the linkage profit spin,
but some systems, which, under the pressure of competition,
make the premiums are low and may be seeking to control
expenditure.

Compilation:
Going on the second question that is posed on the financing of
health care funding brings about how the processes of
receivables and the payment for the service.
Another way to express the assembly is to talk about in terms
of mutual support;, where it is paying more than the value of
what they used to support the services they obtain the
services cost more than the value of their contributions. The
amount and direction of the exchange of support as much as
the collection of contributions and how those contributions by
frozen payments to service providers.
Affect most health insurance plans (that were not all) on
transfers from healthy to sick. Contributes to healthy people
more than benefit from the services and then contribute to the
cost of treating patients. And affect insurance schemes,
where the standard premium, regardless of the degree of
individual risk (estimate community), the support of the lower
risk to people with high risk. And lead insurance schemes
financed by taxation, where taxes are collected on the basis of
ascending to the conversion from the rich to the poor.
Payment for services:
The third question that is posed on the financing of health
care is: How is payment for services. We can examine this
question from several aspects, first in terms of organizational
relationships and secondly in terms of different types of
relations, procurement or contracting.
In terms of organizational relationships, we can identify four
broad categories of payment systems.
Type I: This includes the provision of government service,
where the government owns the buildings and use the staff
directly.
Study II: The contract between the patient and the service
provider, and be financial relationship between the patient and
the main service provider. The patient pays for the service
provider and then seek to recover any payment from the
insurance company, according to a separate contract with
them.
Type III: The contract between the service provider and the
buyer, there is a direct contract between the service provider
and the buyer (the government or health insurance
organization). Will have a separate service provider
relationship with the patient regarding the provision of service
but as far as it comes to pay direct relationship between the
taxpayer and the service provider.
Finally, Study IV: the patient pays the service provider
additional payments because of an informal and did not cover
the costs through a contract between the patient and the
insurer, and therefore those payments are non-refundable
(defaults). And clearly make a lot of the financing
arrangements for health care, a combination of those different
types.
In Study I, where the government is representative of both
the taxpayer and the service provider, for this will not make no
sense to talk about the relationship between the taxpayer and
the service provider because they are one thing. However,
there are other types of organizational separation between
taxpayers and the service provider.
The nature of the relationship and provide this payment an
additional rule for the classification of payment systems for
health care. And classification of the primary "doorway" or
budget funding and various forms of "Buy". Budget is based
on the input a variety of funding the service provider needs to
be mobilized for the production of health care services.
Purchasing health care:
In many systems, where we find a separate regulatory role of
financier for the role of service provider, we can talk about the
relationship and allows us to buy more than one classification
of the various systems of financing health care attributed to
that relationship. Can be classified as ways to buy health care
and in accordance with the quality of the service pack that is
being purchased.
We can "buy" items of service, such as consulting standard
(normal), and vaccination, and EKG and blood tests.
We can buy a range of services such as workshops resident
patient care or hospital antenatal care, including childbirth.
The development of new forms for the classification of mixed
cases, such as the payment form (restore) the costs of medical
care, Medicare reimbursement model (DRGs) to make a
purchase episodes of hospital-based patient care is more
common to a great extent.
We can "buy" health care insurance for a specified period
(fixed), for individuals, families or the staff of the project. And
falls in this category various models for the care of the
headers (limited to certain persons), such as a general medical
services ((General Medical Services GMS for March this year in
the UK. In the UK, regime accept the general practitioner in
advance to provide primary medical care for people on the list
( or list), and in return accept the system of national health
services (National Health Service NHS) pay to March this year
the price (or amount) fixed per head per year.
We can "buy" the services or activities, such as health
promotion program or a program of chronic diseases, covering
the agreed price package of activities (and supporting
infrastructure), and in general, with special specifications on
the related content, impact and results. And that we can call
this type of program or project grant to both "buy" is a matter
of doubt.
Finally, we can imagine, and this is still only a theoretical
concern, buy health outcomes. However, we currently do not
have a means of valid and reliable for identification, and
quantification and pricing of health outcomes on the clinical
level (clinical.) In many cases it does not fully disclose the
results of health care except in the future, and even then there
will be doubts about whether the results that are evident can
be attributed to the intervention of health care, or they
occurred on some clamshell. Lack of access to proper
standards and doubts about the association represents a
significant loss attributed to "buy" the results.
Has introduced the term figuratively "buy" (rather loose and
the idea the more general to pay simply for medical care) to
the rhetoric of health policy through the efforts of enthusiasts
to a market economy, who needed to provide health care as a
commodity with a known and obvious, the unit price and the
ability to be estimated mathematically as conditions for the
application of market principles and market discipline.
At this stage there is still some significant limitations on the
free-market principles to health care, including the difficulty of
measuring results, information asymmetry and the
applicability of the general nature of the commodity a lot of
health care.
However, I have provided a metaphor Buy a useful analytical
framework for thinking through various incentives associated
with different forms of payments. We can see applications like
this type of analysis, for example, the idea of hybrid
propulsion systems, which create a conducive environment in
order to achieve specific results.