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D.Dr. Bell and colleagues also found that there was an increased risk of
medication discontinuation in patients with an ICU admission compared with
nonhospitalized patients in 4 of the 5 medication groups. Long-term data
echoed similar results, as a 1-year follow-up of patients who discontinued
medications showed an elevated risk for the secondary composite outcome
of death, emergency department visit, or emergent hospitalization in the
statins group and in the antiplatelet/anticoagulant agents group.
safety, wrote the authors, noting that these strategies can range from
customized integrated hospital computer systems to simple preprinted
forms. However, their success is contingent on including all relevant
clinicians and the patients themselves. Formal programs such as medication
reconciliation and standard discharge summaries can provide a means to
improve interdisciplinary communication, including with primary care
clinicians. Identification of high-risk patients and transfers in care may help
improve program efficiency and focus valuable resources.
dangerous
discontinuation
of
medication
use
after
a)sounded
b)repeated
a)supported
c)differed
b)trialed
10.advocated
c)accused
B.
Pharmacists can play a pivotal role in helping these patients sort out any
confusion they may have about the medications they are taking, answering
questions, and assisting in better decision making. This relationship,
according to APhA, can provide seniors with more control over their
medications and can result in fewer side effects and interactions, which in
turn can lead to improvements in quality of life. Some of the topics seniors
and their caretakers and family members should discuss with pharmacists to
help improve their understanding of medications are as follows:
C.
Understanding medicationshow to correctly take them, what they do,
and why they are being taken.
Understanding brand vs. generic prescription medications, as well as overthe-counter (OTC) and herbal supplements and how they may interact with
one another.
Reading a label correctly, including warnings and dosing information.
Overcoming loss of appetite, dry mouth, insomnia, or other dangerous
age-related medication side effects.
Taking medication at the appropriate time throughout the day and that
medications known side-effects.
.
Text 2. Helping Seniors Understand Their Medications
I.Mark your answers on the answer sheet.
I.The text is divided into sections: A,B,C,D and E. Using EACH
LETTER ONLY ONCE, identify which section in the text
11.staters that a pharmacists association has prepared a list of things old
people can discuss with their pharmacists.
12.states that one way pharmacists can help senior patients is by providing
some simple exams.
13.argues that it is best to buy all your medication at a single drugstore and
get to know the pharmacist.
14.explains that pharmacist can help clear any doubts patients have about
their medication.
16.they
a)pharmacists
a)Senior citizens`
a)patients
b)patients
b)families
b)medical care
c)medications
c)American
pharmacists`associat
ion
c)medications
17.them
A.Heart attack patients who received free medications demonstrated lower rates of
rehospitalization compared to those who had prescription co-pays. These patients,
__________, did not experience a reduction in the rate of revascularization to reopen
clogged arteries, according to research presented at the American Heart
Associations Scientific Sessions 2011.In the study, ________ is published in The New
England Journal of Medicine, researchers also determined that patients who
received free medications were more likely to take their medicine as prescribed.
B.Following
C.Researchers found that 17.6% of those with free medications had a major cardiac
event (heart attack, angina, stroke, or heart failure) or underwent revascularization,
compared to 18.8% of those with co-pays. This difference was not statistically
significant; however, __________ assessed separately from revascularization, there
was a significant reduction in the rate of major cardiac events. After about a year,
the rate of heart attacks, angina and heart failure dropped 14% in the patients
getting free medications.Further, patients saved 26% on their overall out-of-pocket
healthcare costs. Because they had improved health, they paid fewer copayments
for doctors visits in addition to the savings from no drug co-pays, researchers said.
D.Medication
many reasons why only half of patients adhere to long-term therapies and cost
appears to be one reason, even for those with insurance.Based on the studys
findings, Dr. Choudhry recommends that insurers consider paying for the total cost
of heart medications after a heart attack The strategy we evaluated improves
quality of care, increases medication adherence, makes healthcare more affordable
for patients and doesnt appear to increase overall spending, and so appears very
attractive for patients and payers, he said in a statement. We have spent billions
of dollars developing medicines and testing them. Making sure patients actually
take those medicines is crucial.
23._________(line 4)
a)which
b)that
c)who
d)whereas
24.__________(line 8)
a)as
b)how
c)where
d)how long
25._________(line 14)
a)where
b)when
c)how
d)why
27.them
a)medicines
b)drug
c)payers
35.__________(line
2)
a)when
b)as
c)however
d)thus
36.______(line 18)
a)also
b)like
c)how
d)because
37._______(line 32)
A_but
b)as well as
c)therefore
d)in addition