Algebraic

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Algebra I
Algebraic Exponents
and
Exponential Functions
2015-04-23
www.njctl.org
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Table of Contents
Click on the topic to go to that section
Exponential Growth Introduction

Exponential Growth vs. Linear Growth
Exponential Relationships in Equations, Tables and Graphs

Growth Rates and Growth Factors
Exponential Decay
Exponential Growth
Introduction
Rules of Exponents
Return to
Table of
Contents
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Making Confetti
Making Confetti
The members of the Drama Club need to make confetti
to throw after the final act in the play. They start by
cutting a sheet of colored paper in half. Then, they stack the
two pieces and cut them in half. They stack the resulting
four pieces and cut them in half. They repeat this process,
creating smaller and smaller pieces of paper.
Cut One
Cut Two
How many pieces of confetti are made after 1 cut?

How many pieces of confetti are made after 2 cuts?
After each cut, the members of the Drama Club count the pieces of
confetti and record the results in a table.
Cut Three
How many pieces of confetti after 4 cuts?
How may pieces of confetti after 5 cuts?
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Making Confetti
Making Confetti
The members of the Drama Club want to predict the number of pieces
of confetti after any number of cuts.
Look at the pattern in the way the number of pieces of confetti
changes with each cut. Use your observations to extend your table to
show the number of pieces of confetti for up to 10 cuts.
Suppose the members of

the Drama Club make 20
cuts. How many pieces of
confetti would they have?
How many pieces of confetti
would they have if they
made 30 cuts?
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Making Confetti
Making Confetti
As opening night quickly approaches, the members

of the Drama Club need to speed up the process of
making confetti.
Answer
Suppose the members of

the Drama Club make 20
cuts. How many pieces of
confetti would they have?
How many pieces of confetti
20
would they have if they
30
made 30 cuts?
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cuts = 1,048,576
cuts = 1,073,741,824
They decide to cut the sheet of colored paper into

thirds instead of cutting it in half. Then, they stack
the three pieces and cut them in thirds.
They repeat this process of cutting into thirds,
creating smaller and smaller pieces of paper.
[This object is a pull tab]
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Making Confetti
Making Confetti
After each cut, the members of the Drama Club count the
pieces of confetti and record the results in a table.
Cut One
Cut Two
Cut Three
3
9
How many pieces of confetti are made after 1 cut?

How many pieces of confetti are made after:

3 cuts?
4 cuts?
5 cuts?
10 cuts?
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Making Confetti
After each cut, the members of the Drama Club count the
pieces of confetti and record the results in a table.
Answer
3 cuts = 27 pieces
3 pieces
4 cuts = 81
9
5 cuts = 243
pieces
10 cuts = 59,049 pieces
Making Confetti
How is the process the same when the members cut
the original sheet into halves and when they cut the
first sheet into thirds?
How is the process different?
VS
How many pieces of confetti are made after:

3 cuts?
4 cuts?
5 cuts?
10 cuts?
Is there a way to predict how many pieces of confetti

they will have after any number of cuts?
These problems are an example of exponential growth.
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Vocabulary
Exponential Form
In the expression 5
53
3 is the
Exponent
5 is the Base: The number being repeatedly

multiplied
3 is the
Exponent
: How many times to
the base
5 is the
5 3 = 5 x 5 x 5 = 125
Base
5 is in Exponent Form
3
5 x 5 x 5 is in
5 = 5 x 5 x 5 = 125
3
125 is in
Expanded Form
Standard Form
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Example
Common Powers
Write each expression in exponential form.

An exponent is also called a Power
An exponent of 2 is called a "square"
72 is read "7 squared"
A power of 3 is called a "cube"
53 is read "5 cubed"
a. 2 x 2 x 2
b. 6 x 6 x 6 x 6 x 6
c. 9 x 9 x 9 x 9 x 9 x 9 x 9 x 9
53
multiply
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Example
Write each expression in exponential form.
b. 6 x 6 x 6 x 6 x 6
Answer
a. 2 x 2 x 2
Example
Write each expression in standard form.
a. 23
a. 2
b. 65
b. 3
c. 9 x 9 x 9 x 9 x 9 x 9 x 9 xc.9 9
c. 1.5
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Example
Answer
Write each expression in standard form.
a. a.
2 72
Check Your Understanding

Explain how the meanings of 5 2, 25 and 5(2) differ.
x2x2x2x2x2x2
b. 53 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3
b. 3
c. 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5
c. 1.5

Check Your Understanding
Answer
Explain how the meanings of 5 2, 25 and 5(2) differ.

52 : = 5 x 5 : base = 5, exponent = 2
25 : = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 : base = 2,
exponent = 5
9(2) = 5 x 2 : no base/ exponent
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1 Evaluate 53
A 53
B 15
C 125
D 35
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2 Evaluate 35
A 53
A 35
B 15
C 125
Answer
1 Evaluate 53
B 243
C 15
D 35
D 53
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3
2 Evaluate 35
Evaluate 46
B 243
Answer
A 35
C 15
D 53

Evaluate 46
4 Evaluate eight squared
Answer
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4096
5 Evaluate three cubed
4 Evaluate eight squared
Answer
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64
Answer
5 Evaluate three cubed
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6
Evaluate four raised to the seventh power
27

Evaluate four raised to the seventh power
Exponential Growth
vs
Answer
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Linear Growth
16,384
Return to
Table of
Contents
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Let's Imagine...
The Five Million Dollar Mission
What would your dream job be?

Any profession
Working for any person/company
Adapted from Presentation Created By:
Write down your dream job at the top of your page
Mr. Kanauss
Algebra Teacher at Monongahela Middle School
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Payroll Options
You must decide what payment option you would like before
beginning your dream job:
Option 1: You receive $35,000 a day for the next thirty days
You will be working this job for 30 days straight so choose

wisely!!!
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7 Now, what payment Option would you prefer?
A Option 1: $35,000 a day
B Option 2: $0.01 day 1 and doubles each day after
Option 2: You make $0.01 on the first day and then your salary
will double every day for the next thirty days (You receive $0.01
on the first day of work, $0.02 on the second day of work, $0.04
on the third day of work, etc.)
Write down the number of the payroll option you prefer next to
your dream job at the top of the page
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Getting Paid
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Option 1
Why did you choose Option 1?

Why did you choose Option 2?
Let's see who would get paid more by the end of the 30 days.
30 days x $35,000 a day = $1,050,000

CONGRATULATIONS, you are a MILLIONAIRE!!!
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Option 2
Answer
Option 2
$1.27
40 hours
= $0.03 per hour
This means for 7 days worth of work you earned $1.27.
This means for 7 days [This

worth
of work you earned $1.27.
object is a pull tab]
If you worked 40 hours in week 1, a typical number of hours for a

work week, how much money have you made per hour?
If you worked 40 hours in week 1, a typical number of hours for a

work week, how much money have you made per hour?
Do you want to keep this payroll option?
Do you want to keep this payroll option?
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Week 2
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Let's Keep Going
Although this is more money than the previous week, this is still a
small amount of money for working 7 days.
What patterns/trends do you notice with this payment plan?
Anyone want to change to Option 1?!?
What do you predict will happen by day 30?
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8 Now, what payment Option would you prefer?
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Week 4
A Option 1: $35,000 a day

B Option 2: $0.01 day 1 and doubled each day after
After 30 days, those that chose payment Option 1 will only

have $1,050,000.
After 4 weeks we are up to $2,684,354.55 for payment
Option 2 and we still have two more days to get paid!
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Two More Days of Pay!!!
Linear Growth
Payment Option 1 is an example of Linear Growth.
Linear Growth: Constant rate of change during a given interval
Rate of Change = $35,000
Although those workers that chose Option 2 got paid $0.01 on

day 1 of work, they ended up making significantly more money
than the workers that chose Option 1.
Given Interval = Every day

We can display linear growth in three forms:
Why do you think this occurred?
-Table
-Equation
-Graph
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Different Representations:
Linear Growth
Payment Option 1 pays the same amount of money each day.
Day
Pay for the Day
$35,000
Day
Pay for the Day
$35,000
$35,000
$35,000
$35,000
$35,000
$35,000
$35,000
$35,000
$35,000
$35,000
$35,000
$35,000
$35,000
Equation
Answer
How does each display-form of the payment option represent the

linear growth?
Graph
Table
Linear Growth
y = 35000x
y = 35000x
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Different Representations:
Exponential Growth
Exponential Growth
Payment Option 2 is an example of Exponential Growth.

Exponential Growth: Rate of change increases at a
constantly growing rate
Constantly Growing Rate = Doubling previous days pay
We can also display the exponential growth in three forms:

-Table
-Equation
-Graph
Table
Graph
Day
Pay for the Day
$0.01
$0.02
$0.04
$0.08
$0.16
$0.32
$0.64
Equation
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Payment Option 2 increases the Pay for the Day EACH day
How does each form of the payment option represent the
exponential growth?
Day
Pay for the Day
$0.01
$0.02
$0.04
$0.08
$0.16
$0.32
$0.64
Answer
Exponential Growth
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9 What type of growth has an increasing rate of change?

9 What type of growth has an increasing rate of change?
A Exponential Growth
B Linear Growth
B Linear Growth
Answer
A Exponential Growth
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(Choose all that apply)
10 Which equation(s) below represents linear growth?

A y = x2
A y = x2
B y = 25x + 3
B y = 25x + 3
C y = 25x + 32
C y = 25x + 32
D y = 2x
D y = 2x
Answer
10 Which equation(s) below represents linear growth?
B, C and D
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11 Which graph(s) below depicts linear growth?
11 Which graph(s) below depicts linear growth?

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11
27
59
123
1.00
1
2
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
25
1.50
125
2.25
225
3.38
325
5.06
425
7.59
525
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Related Materials
There are handouts that can be used along with this section.
They are located under the heading tabs on the Exponential
page of PMI Algebra.
Fish Exponential Growth.pdf
Answer
B and C

D
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12 Choose the table(s) below that represents exponential

growth. (Choose all that apply)
A
Answer
Exponential
Relationships in
Equations, Tables
and Graphs
Return to
Table of
Contents
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Learning Objectives:
By now you have explored exponential growth and seen how it
compares to linear growth.
We will take a closer look at tables, graphs and patternsfound in
exponential relationships.
Exponential Table "Graph" Equation.pdf
Click for link to materials.
Our exploration will lead us torecognize how the starting values

and growth factors for exponential relationships are reflected in
tables, graphs, and equations.
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Equations
Examples of Exponential Equations
Exponential Equations can be written in the form:
Identify the y-intercept and growth factor for each equation
y = a (b x )
y-intercept =
y-intercept
Location where the
graph of the equation will
intersect the
y -axis
y = a (b x )
Click
25
y-intercept =
Click
2
growth factor = Click

4
growth factor = 8Click
y-intercept =
y-intercept =
Click
Click
growth factor = 17
6Click
growth factor = 3Click
Growth F actor
The quantity increasing at a
growing rate
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Examples
Exponential Population Growth & Decline
Create the exponential equation from the provided information.

y-intercept =
y-intercept =
Click
growth factor = 11
y-intercept =
y-intercept =
32
Click
growth factor = 4
growth factor = 8
In nature, populations have the tendency to grow or decline

exponentially.
Click
We will explore several organisms where this type of growth is

evident.
8
growth factor = 7
Click
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Example
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Rabbit Example cont.
The equation for the yearly growth of the rabbit population in

a farmer's field is:
y = 5(2 )
x
The equation for the yearly growth of the rabbit population in a

farmer's field is:
y = 5(2x)
What do x, y, 5 and 2 represent in this equation?

x
Number of years
Number of bunnies
Initial amount of bunnies
Growth factor
How many rabbits will be in the farmer's field after 3 years?
y = 5 (23)
y = 5(8)
y = 40 rabbits
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13 In the equation, y = abx what does the a represent?

13 In the equation, y = abx what does the a represent?
A The exponent
B The growth factor
B The growth factor
C The linear equation
C The linear equation
D The y-intercept
D The y-intercept
Answer
A The exponent
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14 Identify the growth factor in the following equation:

14 Identify the growth factor in the following equation:
y = 56(9x)
A x
A x
B y
B y
C 9
C 9
D 56
D 56
Answer
y = 56(9x)
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growth factor = 2
y-intercept = 7

15 Create an exponential equation using the given
information:
growth factor = 2
A y = a(bx)
A y = a(bx)
B y = 7(2x)
B y = 7(2x)
C y = 2(7x)
C y = 2(7x)
D y = 14
D y = 14
y-intercept = 7
Answer
15 Create an exponential equation using the given

information:
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Black-Eyed Susans
During Spring and Summer, some plants grow rapidly. One particular
plant, a flower named the Black-eyed Susan grow exponentially.
Black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia hirta), the state flower of Maryland,
can be recognized by their bright yellow flowers and dark center.
They can grow over three feet tall and have green leaves up to six
inches long. This flower flourishes during the summer months of June
through August and needs little care other than rich soil, plenty of
sunlight and water.
Black-Eyed Susan Example

In the bird garden at Monongahela Middle School, Mr. Evans planted
several Black-eyed Susans one summer. The next summer he noticed
that the flowers had reproduced significantly and were taking up a
larger potion of the garden. Mr. Evans and his class wrote the
following equation to represent the growth of the Black-eyed Susans
over time:
n = 10(3t)
In this equation, n represents the number of flowers after t time in

years.
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Black-Eyed Susan Example cont.
Solutions
With your group, consider the following questions and be prepared

to share how you arrived at your response.
n = 10(3t)
a. How many flowers did Mr. Evans and the class plant the first
year?
n = 10(3t)
a. How many flowers did Mr. Evans and the class plant the first
year?
n = 10(3t)
n = 10(31)
n = 10(3)
b. What is the growth factor of teh Black-eyed Susan flower in the

garden?
c. How many flowers will be in the garden after 5 years?
n = 30 flowers
b. What is the growth factor of the Black-eyed Susan flower in
the garden?
Growth Factor = 3
d. In how many years will there be 270 flowers in the garden?
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Solutions Continued
n = 10(3t)
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16 What is the value of y when x = 6 for the given
relationship?
c. How many flowers will be in the garden after 5 years?

n = 10(3t)
n = 10(35)
n = 10(243)
n = 2,430 flowers
d. In how many years will there be 270 flowers in the garden?
n = 10(3t)
270 = 10(3t)
27 = (3t)
t = 3 years
y = 2(3

16 What is the value of y when x = 6 for the given
relationship?
17 We are given the equation,
What is the value of c when x = 3?
Answer
y = 2(3
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1458

17 We are given the equation,
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18 What is the value of m if n = 1,728 in the equation:
Answer
What is the value of c when x = 3?
13.72
Answer
18 What is the value of m if n = 1,728 in the equation:
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19 A newly discovered microbe has a growth factor of 5 for
every hour. If we have a petri dish with 4 of the microbes
on it, what would the equation be to represent this
scenario?
Let m = the number of microbes and t = time in hours.
A m = 4(5t)
B t = 4(5m)
C m = 5(4t)
D t = 5(4m)

on it, what would the equation be to represent this
scenario?
Answer
Let m = the number of microbes and t = time in hours.

A m = 4(5t)
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on it, how many would we expect to see after 9 hours
have passed?
A 18
B 180
C 1,310,720
B t = 4(5m)
C m = 5(4t)
D 7,812,500
D t = 5(4m)

on it, how many would we expect to see after 9 hours
have passed?
B 180
Tables
We have already explored growth factor in exponential equations:
y = initial amount (growth factor)x
Answer
A 18
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D
Now we will explore growth factors in exponential tables.
C 1,310,720
D 7,812,500
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Growth Factor in Tables

Identify the growth factor by choosing any two successive values
in the dependent variable's column:
Year
# of Frogs
12
36
108
324
=3
4(3) = 12
=3
12(3) = 36
=3
36(3) = 108
Since the previous value is always multiplied by 3 to obtain the next

value, the growth factor is 3.
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Creating Exponential Equations From a Table

Create an equation for the given table:
x
Step 1: Identify the growth

factor
18
54
162
486
1,458
Step 2: Identify the y-intercept
Step 3: Create the equation
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Solution Continued
y-intercept
The y-intercept occurs when the x value is 0
18
54
162
Step 3: Create the equation
486
1,458
Use the growth factor and the y-intercept to

create the exponential equation
y-intercept = 6
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Solution
x
686
4,802
33,614
235,298
1,647,08
6
Step 3: Create equation
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21 What is the growth factor of the given relationship?
20
40
80
Answer
Step 2: Identify the y-intercept
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22 What is the y-intercept of the given relationship?
A y = 5(2x)
y
20
40
80
B y = 2(5x)
Answer
C y = 10(2x)
D y = 2x
x
0
y
5
1
2
3
4
10
20
40
80
Answer
23 Which equation matches the provided table?
Click
Hint: Identify the y-intercept and
growth factor first.
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B y = 2(40x)
C y = 5(2x)
D y = 2(5x)
x
3
y
40
4
5
6
7
80
160
320
640
A y = 12,288(4x)
Answer
A y = 40(2x)
B y = 4(3x)
C y = 4x
D y = 3(4x)
x
6
7
8
9
y
12,288
49,152
196,608
786,432
10
3,145,728
Click
Hint: Identify the y-intercept and
growth factor first
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Exponential Graphs
The snakehead fish is a predatory species whose natural habitat is
found in the waters of Africa and Asia.
Recently, environmentalist and sport fisherman in the United
States have become concerned when it was discovered that the
snakehead fish has been introduced to American waters.
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Snake-Head Fish
These fish are known as invasive fish because they have no
natural predators, they can survive on land for up to four days, and
they can travel distances of up to one-quarter mile across wetlands.
In addition, the reproduction rate of the snakehead is extremely
high, allowing them to completely take over bodies of water wiping
out whole populations of other species of fish.
Answer
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Snake-Head Fish cont.

The snakehead will double its population yearly. Currently,
the Fish and Game Commission estimates that there are
100 snakehead fish living in the Schuylkill River.
Complete the table below and create a graph to chart the yearly
growth of the snakehead population:
Year
Population
100
1
2
3
4
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27 Choose the graph that corresponds to the following

equation:
C
A
Answer
27 Choose the graph that corresponds to the following

equation:
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D [This object is a pull tab]
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Growth Rate vs Growth Factor
Growth Rate was previously defined as: The quantity increasing at
a growing rate.
Growth Rates
Another way to define Growth Rate is: The percent increase.
and
For Example: The student population increased by 2%, therefore

the Growth Rate is 2%
Growth Factors
The Growth Factor is the sum of the percent increase and 100%.
Return to
Table of
Contents
For Example: The student population increased by 2%, therefore

the Growth Factor is 0.02 + 1.00 = 1.02
***Growth Factor utilizes percents in decimal form***
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Examples
Example
What is the Growth Rate of 27%?

Growth Rate
5% = 0.05 + 1.00 =
Growth Factor
27%
1.05
What is the Growth Factor of 27%?
Growth Factor
1.05 = 1.05 - 1.00 = 0.05 =
Growth Rate
1.00 + 0.27 = 1.27
5%
What is the Growth Rate if the Growth Factor is 1.084?
1.084 - 1.00 = 0.084 = 8.4%
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30 What is the growth factor for a growth rate of 15%?
Example
Taylor was researching interest rates at local banks in preparation for
opening a savings account. He discovered that The Main Street Bank
was offering 0.25% interest on new savings accounts.
What is the Growth Rate for this bank's savings accounts?

0.25%
What is the Growth Factor for this bank's savings accounts?
0.0025 + 1
1.0025
Answer
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31 What is the growth rate for a growth factor of 1.5?
1.15
Answer
50%
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Answer
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1.95
Answer
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34 What is the growth factor in the equation:
135%
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34 What is the growth factor in the equation:
Application Example
Answer
Ashley invested $1,200 at a 4% yearly interest rate.How much

money will she have at the end of four years?
2.2
Years
Money
$1,200.00 $1,248.00
This problem can be solved using either Growth Rate or Growth

Factor.
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Method Comparison
Solution
Method 1: Growth Rate
Complete the rest of the table using the Growth Factor Method.
Balance(Growth Rate) = Interest

$1,200.00(0.04) = $48.00
Years
Balance + Interest = Total at End of Year 1
Money
$1,200.00 + $48.00 = $1,248.00
$1,200.00 $1,248.00 $1,297.92
$1,349.84
$1,403.83
Method 2: Growth Factor

Balance(Growth Factor) = Total at End of Year 1
$1,200.00(1.04) = $1,248
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Application Example
Solution
The number of cell phone users in Centerville has been increasing

over the last several years. The table below documents the number of
cell phone users by year.
Analyzing the table and rate of growth can enable Centerville to make
predictions about future usage levels.
Year
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Number of
Users
498
872
1,527
2,672
4,677
8,186
Approximately how many users can Centerville expect to have on their

network in 2014 if they experience similar levels of growth?
Year
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Number of
Users
498
872
1,527
2,672
4,677
8,186
Recall: Growth Factor =
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Year
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Number of
Users
498
872
1,527
2,672
4,677
8,186
1.75
Year 2014 = 8,186(1.75)

Year 2014
14,326 people
Nicholas invest $1,700.00 at a 6% yearly interest rate. How much

money will he have at the end of four years?
How many methods can you find to complete the table below?
Years
Money $1,700.00
$1,802.00
$1,910.12
$2,024.72
$2,146.20
Teacher Notes
Example
Solution Continued
Growth Factor
Value
Previous Value
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35 Your parents open a savings account for your college
education with an initial deposit of $2,000 at a growth
rate of 7%. What would the growth factor on that account
be?
Answer
35 Your parents open a savings account for your college

education with an initial deposit of $2,000 at a growth
rate of 7%. What would the growth factor on that account
be?
1.07
Slide 114 / 175

36 Suppose there is an initial deer population in the forest of
750,000 deer and the growth factor for the populatoin is
1.3 per year. How large would the deer population be in
two years?
Answer
36 Suppose there is an initial deer population in the forest of

750,000 deer and the growth factor for the populatoin is
1.3 per year. How large would the deer population be in
two years?
1,267,500 deer
Slide 115 / 175
Slide 116 / 175
37 What is the equation for the table below?
C
D
30
57
108 206
20
32
3
81.92
Answer
Answer
38 Evaluate the missing number in the table below:
Slide 117 / 175

39 According to CNN.com, Facebook increased their total
number of employees by 11% during the first quarter of
2011. If the company started the year with 3,082
employees and planned to hire at the same rate for the
second, third and fourth quarter, how many employees
would they expect to have at the end of 2011?
3082(1.11) = 3421
3421(1.11) = 3797
3797(1.11) = 4215
4215(1.11) = 4679
Answer
39 According to CNN.com, Facebook increased their total

number of employees by 11% during the first quarter of
2011. If the company started the year with 3,082
employees and planned to hire at the same rate for the
second, third and fourth quarter, how many employees
would they expect to have at the end of 2011?
=4,679 Employees
http://money.cnn.com/2012/04/23/technology/facebook-q1/index.htm
http://money.cnn.com/2012/04/23/technology/facebook-q1/index.htm
Slide 118 / 175
Slide 119 / 175

Related Materials
Exponential Decay
These are handouts that can be used along with this section. They
are located under the heading tabs on theExponential page of PMI
Algebra.
ELIM&MANATION.pdf
Decay Rate"Factor PDF.pdf
Return to
Table of
Contents
Slide 120 / 175
Exponential Decay PDF.pdf

Decay
Decay
If we are given a cupful of M&M's and eat half of them everyhour,

what happens to the number of M&M's each hour?
If we are given a cupful of M&M's and eat half of them everyhour,

what happens to the number of M&M's each hour?
Does this pattern remain consistent?
half.
The number of M&M's decreases

by
Click
Teacher Notes
The number of M&M's decreases

by
Click
Does this pattern remain consistent?
half.
Discuss difference between

Experimental/Theoretical
Data
[This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
Slide 121 / 175
Slide 122 / 175
Decay Continued
Decay Rate vs Decay Factor
Is the M&M problem a linear relationship? Explain your

reasoning.
Decay Rate is the percent decrease.
No, you are constantly dividing by 2 or multiplying by
For Example: The car's value decreased by 2% each month,

therefore the decay rate is 2%.
If the relationship was linear, there would be constant

subtraction/addition NOT multiplication/division.
The Decay Factor is the difference of 100% and the percent
decrease.
This relationship represents exponential decay.

Exponential Decay: An exponential relationship in which
the quantity decreases at each stage.
For Example: The car's value decreased by 2% each month,

therefore the decay factor is 1.00 - 0.02 = 0.98
***Decay Factor utilizes percents in decimal form***
Slide 123 / 175
Slide 124 / 175
Example
Decay Factor
5% = 1.00 - 0.05 =
0.95
Decay Factor
Decay Rate
0.95 = 1.00 - 0.95 = 0.05 =
5%
If we started with 1,000 M&M's, how many would we have after 5

hours?
Hour
M&M's
1,000
500
250
125
4
5
Slide 125 / 175

Equation
If your experiment started with 1,000 M&M's, what is the equation that
relates hours to the number of M&M's?
x = number of hours
y = number of M&M's
31
Slide 126 / 175
Teacher Notes
Decay Rate
Example
Slide 127 / 175

Example: Half-life
Half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of a sample to decay.
Slide 128 / 175

Solution
A. How many hours would it take for her body to reduce the caffeine to 5
mg if Victoria does not consume any additional caffeine?
The half-life of caffeine in a healthy adult can take as long as 6 hours.

Victoria is a healthy adult and consumed a Red Bull Energy Drink at 3
pm on Friday, which contains 80 mg of caffeine.
A. How many hours would it take for her body to reduce the
caffeine to 5 mg if Victoria does not consume any additional
caffeine?
B. What time will it be when her caffeine level drops to 5 mg?
80 mg
40 mg
20 mg
10 mg
5 mg
Hour
3:00 pm 4:00 pm 5:00 pm 6:00 pm 7:00 pm

40 If you start with 200 M&M's and you eat half of them
every 10 minutes, how many M&M's will you have after
30 minutes?
Answer
40 If you start with 200 M&M's and you eat half of them
every 10 minutes, how many M&M's will you have after
30 minutes?
Caffeine Level
B. What time will it be when her caffeine level drops to 5 mg?
Time
Slide 129 / 175
Hour
25
41 Given the same scenario as the previous question, how

much time has elapsed if there are only 3 M&M's left?

41 Given the same scenario as the previous question, how
much time has elapsed if there are only 3 M&M's left?
Answer
Slide 130 / 175
60 minutes
Slide 131 / 175
Slide 132 / 175

Medicine Activity
42 A scientist has just discovered a new substance and is

studying it to determine its half-life. The table provides
the data collected during the experiment. What is the
missing value?
Substance
Weight
750.0
375.0
93.75
46.88
Answer
Interval
A person takes a dose of Tylenol for a headache. The medicine

begins to break down in their blood system. With each hour, there
is less medicine in the blood. The table and graph showthe amount
of medicine in the person's bloodstream.
800
Time
(Hour)
Dose (mg)
800
200
50
600
400
200
0
0
Slide 133 / 175
Dose (mg)
800
200
50
12.5
3.125
0.78125
12.5
3.125
0.78125
Slide 134 / 175

Decay Rate Continued
Decay Rate
Time
(Hour)
How much medicine is initially in the

person's body?
800
Clickmg
How much medicine is left in the

person's system after 1 hour?
200
Clickmg
How much medicine is left in the
person's system after 4 hours?
What is the Decay Rate of the medicine?

Time
(Hour)
Dose (mg)
800
200
50
12.5
3.125
0.78125
800 - 200 = 600 mg of medicine removed
200 - 50 = 150 mg of medicine removed
Therefore the Decay Rate is 75%
3.125
mg
Click
Slide 135 / 175
Slide 136 / 175

Example
The table below shows an exponential relationship:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
100
85
72.25
61.4
52.2
44.3
37.7
What is the decay rate?

100 - 85 = 15
85 - 72.25 = 12.75
Decay Rate = 15%

What is the decay factor?
1.00 - 0.15 = 0.85
Slide 137 / 175
Slide 138 / 175
Slide 139 / 175
Step
M&M's
128
64
32
16

44 If the decay rate is 20%, what is the decay factor?
Answer
44 If the decay rate is 20%, what is the decay factor?
Identify the decay factor.
Answer
43
0.80
45 If the decay factor is 0.73, what is the decay rate?

45 If the decay factor is 0.73, what is the decay rate?
Answer
Slide 140 / 175
27%
Slide 141 / 175
Slide 142 / 175
Interval
0
Weight
725.00
1
2
3
4
217.50
65.25
19.58
5.87
1.76
47 Choose the graph that matches the provided equation:
Answer
46 Choose the equation that matches the given table:
Slide 143 / 175
47 Choose the graph that matches the provided equation:
C
Answer
Rules of Exponents
Return to
Table of
Contents
Slide 144 / 175
Slide 145 / 175

The Exponential Table
Rules of Exponents
There are handouts that can be used along with this section.
They are located under the heading tabs on theExponential page
of PMI Algebra.
x
1
2
Exponential Table Questions.pdf
Exponential Table.pdf
Exponential Test Review.pdf
5
6
7
1x
2x
3x
4x
5x
6x
7x
8x
9x
10x
Slide 146 / 175
Slide 147 / 175
Question 1
x
3x
4x
5x
6x
7x
8x
9x
1
2
Multiplying with Same Base
10x
A. 2
x2
=2
(2 x 2 x 2) x (2 x 2) = (2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2)
16
4
5
6
B. 3
64
x3
=3
(3 x 3 x 3 x 3) x (3 x 3 x 3) = (3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3)
7
8
Why is 2 2 x 24 = 26?
HINT: Write the expressions in expanded form and see if you can
explain why
Same Base Multiplication Rule:
Slide 148 / 175
Slide 149 / 175
Question 2
x
3x
4x
5x
6x
7x
8x
9x
25
Multiplying with Same Exponent
10x
1
2
am x an = am+n
100
3
4
A. 2
x3
=6
(2 x 2 x 2) x (3 x 3 x 3) = (2 x 3)(2 x 3)(2 x 3)
B. 5
x6
= 30
(5 x 5 x 5 x 5) x (6 x 6 x 6 x 6) = (5 x 6)(5 x 6)(5 x 6)(5 x 6)
6
7
8
Same Exponent Multiplication Rule:

Why is 2
x5
am x bm = (a x b)
= 10 2 ?
explain why
Slide 150 / 175
Slide 151 / 175
Question 3
x
1x
2x
3x
4x
5x
6x
7x
8x
9x
10x
Multiplying Exponents with One Base
1
2
A. (22)3 = 26
(2 x 2)4 = (2 x 2)(2 x 2)(2 x 2)
4
5
B. (53)4 = 512
(5 x 5 x 5)4 = (5 x 5 x 5)(5 x 5 x 5)(5 x 5 x 5)(5 x 5 x 5)
7
8
6561
Why is (3
One Base Multiplication Rule: (am)n = am(n)

) = 38?
2 4
explain why
Slide 152 / 175

Question 4
x
2x
1x
3x
4x
5x
6x
7x
Slide 153 / 175

8x
9x
10x
1
2
25
3
4
625
5
6
15,625
7
8
Why is 5 6 5 4 = 5 2 ?
explain why
Slide 154 / 175
Slide 155 / 175
Exponent Rules
Examples
Rules
am x a
am x b
48 Simplify: 43 x 45
=a
m+n
= (ab)
32 x 34 = 36
52 x 32 = 152
(a m ) n = a
mn
(43)2 = 46
am
=a
an
m-n
35
=3
33
42
47
48
415

48 Simplify: 43 x 45
Slide 156 / 175

49 Simplify: 5 7 53
42
52
47
54
48
510
415
521
Answer

50 Simplify:
49 Simplify: 5 7 53
52
54
510
A
B
Answer
Slide 157 / 175
21
Slide 158 / 175
50 Simplify:
B
C
D
Answer
Slide 159 / 175

52
The expression (x2z3)(xy2z) is equivalent to

A
x2y2z3
x3y2z4
x3y3z4
x4y2z5
From the Ne w York S ta te Educa tion De pa rtme nt. Office of As s e s s me nt P olicy, De ve lopme nt a nd
Adminis tra tion. Inte rne t. Ava ila ble from www.nys e dre ge nts .org/Inte gra te dAlge bra ; a cce s s e d 17, J une , 2011.

The expression (x2z3)(xy2z) is equivalent to
A
x2y2z3
x3y2z4
x3y3z4
x4y2z5
Answer
52
Slide 160 / 175

53 If the number of molecules in 1 mole of a substance is
6.02 X 1023, then the number of molecules in 100
moles is
6.02 X 1021
6.02 X 1022
6.02 X 1024
6.02 X 1025

53 If the number of molecules in 1 mole of a substance is
6.02 X 1023, then the number of molecules in 100
moles is
Slide 161 / 175

54
The expression
A
2w5
6.02 X 1021
2w8
6.02 X 1022
20w5
6.02 X 1024
20w8
6.02 X 1025
Answer
is equivalent to
From the Ne w York S ta te Educa tion De pa rtme nt. Office of As s e s s me nt P olicy, De ve lopme nt a nd Adminis tra tion. Inte rne t. Ava ila ble from
www.nys e dre ge nts .org/Inte gra te dAlge bra ; a cce s s e d 17, J une , 2011.

The expression
A
2w5
2w8
20w5
20w8
is equivalent to
Answer
54
Slide 162 / 175

55 If x = - 4 and y = 3, what is the value of x - 3y2?
A
-13
-23
-31
-85
From the Ne w York S ta te Educa tion De pa rtme nt. Office of As s e s s me nt P olicy, De ve lopme nt a nd Adminis tra tion. Inte rne t. Ava ila ble from
www.nys e dre ge nts .org/Inte gra te dAlge bra ; a cce s s e d 17, J une , 2011.
-13
-23
-31
-85
Answer
55 If x = - 4 and y = 3, what is the value of x - 3y2?
Slide 163 / 175

56 When -9x5 is divided by -3x3, x 0, the quotient is
A
3x2
3x2
27x15
27x8
Slide 164 / 175

An Exponent of Zero
56 When -9x5 is divided by -3x3, x 0, the quotient is

am an = a (m+n)
3x2
3x2
27x15
27x8
Answer
So, what happens when n = 0?
am a0 = a(m+0) = am
But, since a m (1) = am and a m a0 = a m , then
am (1) = am a0
Dividing both sides by a m yields
a0 = 1
This is true for all bases.
Rule: Any number raised to the power of zero equals 1.
Slide 165 / 175

Negative Exponents
a a =a
m
Slide 166 / 175

Additional Exponent Rules
(m+n)
Negative Exponents
So, what happens when n = -m?

am a-m = a(m+(-m)) = a0 = 1
But any number multiplied by its reciprocal is 1 so,
Fraction Exponents
am (1/a m ) = 1 = a m a-m
Dividing both sides by a m yields
1/am = a -m
This is true for all bases.
Rule: Raising a number to a negative power creates its reciprocal.
and
and
Slide 167 / 175
Slide 168 / 175
Slide 169 / 175

57 What is the value of 2-3 ?
-6
-6
-8
-8
Answer
57 What is the value of 2-3 ?
From the Ne w York S ta te Educa tion De pa rtme nt. Office of As s e s s me nt P olicy, De ve lopme nt a nd Adminis tra tion. Inte rne t.
Ava ila ble fromwww.nys e dre ge nts .org/Inte gra te dAlge bra ; a cce s s e d 17, J une , 2011.
From the Ne w York S ta te Educa tion De pa rtme nt. Office of As s e s s me nt P olicy, De ve lopme nt a nd Adminis tra tion. Inte rne t.
Ava ila ble fromwww.nys e dre ge nts .org/Inte gra te dAlge bra ; a cce s s e d 17, J une , 2011.
Slide 170 / 175

58 Which expression is equivalent to x-4 ?
58 Which expression is equivalent to x-4 ?

A
x4
x4
-4x
-4x
Answer
Slide 171 / 175
59 Which expression is equivalent to x-1 (y2)?
xy2
xy-2
Slide 172 / 175
xy-2

60 What is the value of j in the expression below?
Answer
60 What is the value of j in the expression below?
xy2
Answer
59 Which expression is equivalent to x-1 (y2)?
61 Solve for the value of x in the expression below:

61 Solve for the value of x in the expression below:
Answer
Slide 173 / 175
Slide 174 / 175
62 Choose the expression that is NOT equivalent to:
Answer
62 Choose the expression that is NOT equivalent to:
B andC D
D
Slide 175 / 175
63 Choose the expression that is equivalent to:
Answer
63 Choose the expression that is equivalent to:
C
C

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Slide 1 / 175

Exponential Growth Introduction

Exponential Relationships in Equations, Tables and Graphs

How many pieces of confetti are made after 1 cut?

Suppose the members of

Slide 8 (Answer) / 175

As opening night quickly approaches, the members

Suppose the members of

They decide to cut the sheet of colored paper into

[This object is a pull tab]

How many pieces of confetti are made after 1 cut?

How many pieces of confetti are made after:

Slide 11 (Answer) / 175

[This object is a pull tab]

How many pieces of confetti are made after:

Is there a way to predict how many pieces of confetti

5 is the Base: The number being repeatedly

: How many times to

Write each expression in exponential form.

Slide 16 (Answer) / 175

[This object is a pull tab]

Slide 17 (Answer) / 175

Write each expression in standard form.

Check Your Understanding

c. 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5

[This object is a pull tab]

Slide 18 (Answer) / 175

Explain how the meanings of 5 2, 25 and 5(2) differ.

[This object is a pull tab]

Slide 19 (Answer) / 175

Slide 20 (Answer) / 175

Slide 21 (Answer) / 175

4 Evaluate eight squared

[This object is a pull tab]

Slide 22 (Answer) / 175

5 Evaluate three cubed

4 Evaluate eight squared

[This object is a pull tab]

Slide 23 (Answer) / 175

5 Evaluate three cubed

Evaluate four raised to the seventh power

[This object is a pull tab]

Slide 24 (Answer) / 175

[This object is a pull tab]

The Five Million Dollar Mission

What would your dream job be?

Adapted from Presentation Created By:

Write down your dream job at the top of your page

You will be working this job for 30 days straight so choose

Why did you choose Option 1?

30 days x $35,000 a day = $1,050,000

Slide 32 (Answer) / 175

= $0.03 per hour

This means for 7 days worth of work you earned $1.27.

This means for 7 days [This

If you worked 40 hours in week 1, a typical number of hours for a

If you worked 40 hours in week 1, a typical number of hours for a

Do you want to keep this payroll option?

Do you want to keep this payroll option?

What patterns/trends do you notice with this payment plan?

Anyone want to change to Option 1?!?

What do you predict will happen by day 30?

A Option 1: $35,000 a day

After 30 days, those that chose payment Option 1 will only