Geography for Kids

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Understanding
Earths Structure

The Earth's structure consists of three parts: the

crust, mantle and the core. The crust is on the
outside, while the mantle is in the middle and the
core is in the inside. The core is divided into two
parts, the inner core and the outer core.
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Understanding Earths Structure

The structure of the Earth is similar to that of an

egg. The Earth's crust is like the shell of an egg, its
mantle is like the egg white and the core is like the
yolk.

40 kms

THE CRUST
The crust is found beneath mountain ranges and is
as thick as 40 kilometers. But the Earth's crust
under oceans is only about 8 kilometers thick.

8 kms
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Understanding Earths Structure

MANTLE
Parts of the Earth's mantle is made up of rock so hot
that it is liquid or molten. This molten rock seeps
through cracks in the crust and pour out of
volcanoes. This is called lava. When the lava cools
down, it turns to rock and stone.
CORE
The Earth's core is mostly made up of iron,
scientists believe. They strongly feel that the inner
core is solid while the outer core is in a liquid state.
Cru

st

Ma

ntle

Inner core
Outer core

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Understanding Earths Structure

COOL INFO
The crust and the rocky upper layer of the mantle is
called the lithosphere which is made up of huge
plates that move very slowly. These plates may
collide, pull apart or even grind against each other.
When these plates collide, one slips beneath the
other and this pushes up mountains and forms
trenches in oceans.

Ridge

Plat

Mantle

Trench

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Understanding Earths Structure

INTERESTING FACTS
Scientist understand the composition of the Earth's
interior better by studying seismic waves. Seismic
waves are vibrations that spread out from the
epicenter of earthquakes. Their strengths are
measured and recorded when they reach the Earth's
surface. They have also revealed that the lithosphere
which consists of plates that move as a result of
convection currents in the mantle is about 100
kilometers thick. The mantle is measured at 2,900
kilometers of thickness. An estimate of the core's
temperature range from 4,000 to 6,000 degrees
Celsius.

V.1.16

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Understanding Earths Structure

T
C
JE

O
R
P

What kind of rocks are found in the mantle?

The oceanic crust is made up of two primary metals?
Name them.
Apart from using seismic waves to identify the
structure of the Earth, what other techniques are
used to do the same?

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