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-Chemically inert
-all are gases
-full outer electronic shell
HELIUM- He
>SECOND LIGHTEST GAS
NEON- Ne
>used for advertising
ARGON- Ar
>MOST ABUNDANT NOBLE GAS
KRYPTON- Kr
>LEAST ABUNDANT NOBLE GAS
XENON- Xe
>133 injection
RADON- Ra
>radioactive decay
GROUP 1A- 'ALKALI METALS'
-chemically reactive
LITHIUM- Li
(greek word Lithos)
>LIGHTEST and LEAST DENSE OF ALL ALKALI METAL
>HIGHLY REACTIVE
>HAS A LOW IONIZATION ENERGY
SODIUM- Na
(latin word for soda Natria from 'nature')
>extremely reactive metal
>fluid retention
>abundant metallic element which is widely distributed
POTASSIUM- K
(Potash)
>one of the MOST ABUNDANT elements in the earth's crust
>highly reactive chemically
RUBIDIUM- Ru
(latin word for red, rubidius)
>VERY LARGE HALF LIFE at an estimated 49 billion years
> 2ND MOST ELECTROPOSITIVE METAL
CESIUM- Ce
>most electropositive metal
>liquid metal at room temperature
FRANCIUM- Fr
>very radioactive
>HEAVIEST AND MOST ELECTROPOSITIVE METAL
>MOST REACTIVE OF THE ALKALI METAL GROUP
>HAS THE LOWEST BOILING POINT
AMMONIUM
>HYPOTHETICAL ALKALI METAL
HYDROGEN- H
(greek Hydrogen- hydro,genes water and forming
>no metallic property
GROUP IV ELEMENTS
Carbon-element of organic chemistry and life
Silicon-element of information technology
Germanium-element of transistor base
Tin-elements known to alchemists
Lead-elements known to alchemists
CARBON- C
(latin carbo, charcoal)
>fundamental constituent of all animal and vegetative tissues
SILICON- Si
(latin silex or silicis meaning flint)
>2ND MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENT NEXT TO OXYGEN
>can cause silicosis
*Glass- prepared by fusing a base (such as sodium carbonate) with a glue
silica*
a.Manganese dioxide- mask the blue-green color of iron usually present in silica
b.Boron/Borates-decreases the coefficient of expansion of the glass
c.Potassium-render the glass brown with light resistant properly
d.Lead-to increase refractive index of the glass
GERMANIUM- Gr
(latin word for Germany, Germania)
>used in infraredd spectroscopes
>used in wide-angle camer lenses and microscope lenses
TIN- Sn
>soft white lustrous metal with a blue tinge
>both oxides are amphoteric, giving rise to stannite acid and stannate ions
LEAD- Pb
(from the word Plumbum)
>poisoning is known as plumbism fastest via inhalation route
GROUP IVA
TITANIUM- Ti
(Titans sons of the earth Goddess of greek mythology)
>Powerful reducing agent
ZIRCONIUM- Zr
>difficult to obtain on account the ease with which it reacts with Oxygen,
Nitrogen, Carbon and Silicon
HALFNIUM
THORIUM
GROUP V
VANADIUM
NIOBIUM
TANTALUM
PROTACTINIUM
BISMUTH- Bi
Beautiful Meadow
>used in silvering mirror
GROUP VI ELEMENTS
CHROMIUM- Cr
(chroma colour)
>Essential trace element
>metallic in behavior
MOLYBDENUM- Mo
>burry slowly attacked by acid
TUNGSTEN- W
(tung sten meaning heavy stone)
URANIUM- U
>radioactive element
>used in the manufacture of atomic bomb
SELENIUM- Se
Moon
>anti oxidant
>too toxic where taken internally in large doses
TELLERIUM- Te
POLONIUM- Po
ASTATINE- At
TRIAD III
OSMIUM- Os
>extremely hard brittle lustrous metal
>difficult to fabricate, but can be sintered under hydrogen at 2000 degC
>used to produce hard alloys
IRIDIUM- Ir
>member of the platinum group and is highly resistnt to corrosion
PLATINUM- Pt
>Insoluble in mineral acids but attacked by Aqua Regia