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Use
Advantages
Disadvantages
(1)Internal
(2)External
Replacement is time-consuming
because of in-place welding
Small tanks
(b)Plate coils:
Small tanks
Easily cleaned
Internal,
arranged either
horizontally or
vertically
(d)Immersion
heaters:
Internal
(e)Recirculation
system:
General
Electric heating
may be used
where steam is
not available
General
Circulation agitates tank
applicability, but contents
rarely used
Internal or
external
Bare Pipe Coils: Bare pipes that are normally placed in horizontal banks inside the tank or wrapped
around the outside. Coils may be located near the floor or around the perimeter of an internal tank
duct leading to the tank suction to act as suction heating.
Plate Coils: Formed double wall plates that are either a portion of the tank wall, bolted to the
external wall of the tank or used as internal heaters.
Finned Tube Heater: Consists of prefabricated sections of extended surface tubes that can be
internally mounted either vertically or horizontally. The effective surface of these sections is about
five to 12 times that of bare pipe.
Immersion Heater: A finned surface U-tube or bayonet tube projecting horizontally through the
tank wall or vertically through the roof via a nozzle. Multiple units may be spaced around the
suction nozzle for use as suction heaters for high withdrawal rates. Steam is the common heating
medium. Alternate designs using electrical heaters are also available.
Recirculation System: A system that heats liquid pumped out of the tank and returns it to the tank.
Heating may be performed in the suction or line heater or in a separate heat exchanger in the
recirculating circuit.