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PUBLIC HEALTH
KEY
INDICATORS
OF HEALTH
BY SER V I CE P L A N N IN G A RE A
Health indicators are useful tools for monitoring the health of the population and communicating with multiple audiences about opportunities to improve health. These indicators
are designed to reflect the broad contributors to healthsocial and physical environments,
behaviors, and health conditions. Most importantly, they invite action by an increasingly
broad range of individuals and organizations who share some responsibility for health, even
if their primary mission falls outside the traditional domain of health care or public health.
The conditions represented by these indicators point to real opportunities for action.
History has shown the high rate of return on public health investments. In fact, investments in prevention during the past century are estimated to account for 25 of the 30 years
gained in average life expectancy in the U.S. For example, vaccines to protect children from
polio and other infectious diseases, improvements in motor vehicle safety, safer and healthier
foods, and clean drinking water, have saved lives and prevented disability. Furthermore, the
costs associated with preventable disease and disability are high. For example, in Los Angeles
County, the direct medical and indirect costs of obesity are estimated at $3.4 billion, and
smoking at $4.3 billion, annually.
Wise investments in policy and program-based strategies can yield enormous payoffs
whether implemented in schools, worksites, health care facilities, or in community settings.
Policy interventions can be especially cost-effective ways to prevent disease and disability.
Examples include implementing nutritional standards on school campuses, taxes on alcohol,
and protocols to enhance workplace safety. In health care settings, smoking cessation counseling by physicians and age-appropriate cancer screening are examples of cost-effective ways to
prevent disease and improve health outcomes. Community-based interventions may include
improving physical activity curricula in schools, upgrading parks and recreation facilities, and
providing safe after-school activities for youth. Proven effective approaches to improving
health exist, and we must utilize them to get the highest return on our collective investment.
We hope that the information in this report provides a rich snapshot of health in Los
Angeles County. Please note that statistical comparisons to the average should not always
suggest that the average is desirable or acceptable. For example, the fact that smoking rates
have declined to their lowest level in over two decades of monitoring is good news; however,
none would argue that a smoking rate above zero yields the best possible health outcomes.
We encourage your feedback and partnership in attaining better health for all.
INTRODUCTION
This publication, Key Indicators of Health,
provides data for over 60 health indicators
for L.A. County and each of the countys
eight Service Planning Areas (or SPAs).
These areas form the organizational basis
for many efforts to improve health. As
such, it is vital that we track health indicators at the SPA level over time. As depicted in the population ranking (at right),
many of L.A. Countys SPAs are comparable
with several U.S. states in total population.
Visit any of the Public Health Programs or
contact any of the eight SPA Offices at
www.lapublichealth.org.
POPULATION RANKING
Populations of L.A. County SPAs and individual U.S. states by rank.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
California
Texas
New York
Florida
Illinois
Pennsylvania
Ohio
Michigan
L.A. County (9,519,338)
New Jersey
Georgia
North Carolina
Virginia
Massachusetts
Indiana
Washington
Tennessee
Missouri
Wisconsin
Maryland
Arizona
Minnesota
Louisiana
Alabama
Colorado
Kentucky
South Carolina
Oklahoma
Oregon
Connecticut
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
Iowa
Mississippi
Kansas
Arkansas
Utah
Nevada
SPA 2San Fernando (1,981,961)
New Mexico
West Virginia
SPA 3San Gabriel (1,734,254)
Nebraska
SPA 8South Bay (1,500,185)
Idaho
SPA 7East (1,285,210)
Maine
New Hampshire
Hawaii
SPA 4Metro (1,144,083)
Rhode Island
SPA 6South (955,054)
Montana
Delaware
South Dakota
North Dakota
Alaska
SPA 5West (613,191)
Vermont
District of Columbia
Wyoming
SPA 1Antelope Valley (305,400)
Lancaster
Quartz
Hill
Littlerock
Val
Verde
Santa
Clarita
SERVICE PLANNING
AREAS (SPAs) BOUNDARIES
San Fernando
Burbank
Calabasas
SPA 4 Metro
SPA 5 West
SPA 7 East
SPA 8 South Bay
Pasadena
Glendale
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Beverly
Hills
Santa
Monica
Arcadia
West
Hollywood
includes
Catalina Island
L.A. County
Healthy People 2010
Alhambra
El Monte
Los
Angeles
Los
Angeles
Vernon
Lynwood
SPA 6 South
Lake
Los Angeles
Palmdale
Montebello
Whittier
Downey
Norwalk
Hawthorne Compton
Redondo
Cerritos
Carson
Beach
Torrance
Long Beach
Rolling
Hills
Azusa
San Dimas
Pomona
Diamond
Bar
HEALTH BEHAVIORS
Percent of teens ages 1417 years who smoke cigarettes3 (Los Angeles Unified School District only)
Overweight Children4
Percent of children in grades 5, 7 & 9 who are overweight
(BMI above the 95th percentile)
Overweight and Obese Adults1b
Percent of adults who are overweight (25.0 BMI < 30.0)
11.2
10.6
10.1
6.0
17.1
15.8
16.2
14.9
19.8
18.5
16.1
19.1
17.3
N/A
41.6
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
12.0
15.6
20.6
15.1
14.8
17.0
14.3
14.2
15.0
16.9
16.0
13.9
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
5.0
21.2
18.1
18.0
21.2
24.3
16.2
25.5
25.0
19.6
N/A
35.4
39.1
37.0
34.8
34.5
26.4
35.0
41.2
33.9
South Bay
8.5
East
10.4
South
6.6
West
7.6
Metro
9.8
San Gabriel
9.6
San Fernando
1.0
Antelope Valley
N/A
19.3
24.7
15.9
17.7
17.2
10.6
30.0
23.6
21.2
N/A
47.3
45.4
48.0
44.0
51.8
55.6
44.5
47.6
44.6
N/A
42.6
44.4
41.8
44.3
39.0
33.3
47.4
44.7
44.0
N/A
12.1
12.8
12.9
12.2
11.9
16.7
8.9
10.9
11.2
Participating in 30 minutes
of moderate physical
activity (e.g., walking)
each day improves health
and reduces the risk of
developing diseases.19
There are over one
million adult smokers
in Los Angeles County.1
Adult cigarette smoking
decreased from 18% in
1999 to 16% in 2002.1
The rate of smoking
among men (20%) is
nearly twice that of
women (11%).1
Among women, rates
of smoking are higher
among African-Americans
(19%) and Whites (16%)
compared to Asians/
Pacific Islanders (7%)
and Latinas (7%).1
N/A
Percent of children ages 05 years who are regularly exposed to tobacco smoke at home1d 10.0
Poverty8
Percent of population with household incomes less than
N/A
100% of the Federal Poverty Level
1
Neighborhood Safety
Percent of adults who believe their neighborhood is safe
N/A
1
Places to Play
Percent of children ages 117 years whose parents say that they can easily get to
N/A
a park, playground or other safe place to play
6
Education
Public high school dropout rate
N/A
South Bay
East
South
West
Metro
San Gabriel
San Fernando
Antelope Valley
Air Quality
Percent of days (per year) that state standards for air quality were not met5
23.6
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
6.8
16.8
4.4
6.1
6.5
7.3
8.5
6.5
7.4
15.9
14.3
12.4
12.6
22.6
11.2
28.0
14.2
15.3
79.4
87.5
83.9
87.7
65.2
90.8
54.4
80.9
80.9
83.1
84.4
85.7
84.5
74.8
90.7
71.7
89.4
84.5
14.8
9.8
12.0
6.8
25.6
14.1
27.4
13.1
17.7
Reading to Child1
Percent of children ages 05 years who are read to daily by a parent or family member
Television Viewing1
Percent of children ages 6 months to 17 years who watch
3 or more hours of television per day
Parental Support1
Percent of children ages 05 years whose parents say it is very or somewhat easy
to find someone to talk to when they need advice about raising their child
Child Care1
Percent of children ages 05 years for whom parents report difficulty
finding adequate childcare
N/A
43.0
37.4
45.9
41.8
44.3
65.6
34.8
36.3
45.9
N/A
27.1
29.4
22.5
24.7
26.3
12.6
35.1
28.4
31.6
N/A
81.5
85.1
83.5
83.0
72.7
92.2
73.5
80.5
86.7
N/A
37.6
31.5
45.2
30.2
45.9
26.5
43.4
37.3
29.2
HEALTH STATUS
Antelope Valley
24.9
12.1
30.1
24.6
21.0
N/A
15.5
10.0
13.2
12.3
23.1
6.4*
24.6
16.2
12.4
N/A
2.5
2.8
2.2
2.7
2.7
1.8
2.7
2.3
2.5
N/A
19.0
22.9
18.2
17.5
19.0
16.4
20.4
18.2
22.4
N/A
15.0
22.6
15.4
13.6
10.2
23.4
14.6
15.0
15.7
South Bay
21.4
East
18.4
South
18.8
West
21.6
Metro
N/A
San Gabriel
San Fernando
Perceived Health1
Percent of adults reporting their health to be fair to poor
Percent of children ages 017 years who are perceived by their parents
to be in fair to poor health
Activity Limitation Among Adults1
Average number of days (in past month) when regular daily activities
were limited due to poor physical/mental health
Disability1f
Percent of adults with a disability
Disability and Special Health Care Needs Among Children1g
Percent of children ages 017 years that have special health care needs
=SPA statistically better off than the L.A. County average (p<0.05)
=SPA statistically worse off than the L.A. County average (p<0.05)
16.0
36.4
28.7
22.5
0.0
10.3
8.3
8.3
7.2
14.3
6.7*
17.7
10.2
9.6
4.0
19.3
14.6
18.7
18.5
27.5
17.8
21.1
18.6
15.9
3.0
6.6
5.2*
4.9
6.8
9.6
4.9*
8.7
5.9
6.0
10.0
13.5
16.9
10.0
12.1
14.3
8.1
19.1
14.3
13.6
90.0
69.6
58.9
73.1
72.8
68.6
66.3
47.8
73.3
72.5
90.0
72.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
South Bay
37.6
East
22.3
South
24.5
West
17.6
Metro
26.2
San Gabriel
0.0
San Fernando
Antelope Valley
Insurance1h
Percent of adults ages 1864 years who are uninsured
N/A
32.2
28.5
33.1
30.3
32.3
32.6
31.4
30.9
35.3
N/A
85.2
84.1
85.5
82.9
80.4
87.9
90.4
84.9
87.4
N/A
77.2
77.5
77.6
77.4
70.8
78.1
78.5
78.2
78.8
N/A
24.1
21.4
21.5
24.2
29.6
18.9
27.2
26.6
22.1
=SPA statistically better off than the L.A. County average (p<0.05)
=SPA statistically worse off than the L.A. County average (p<0.05)
HEALTH OUTCOMES
Antelope Valley
5.3
13.0
5.9
6.9
9.8
N/A
6.1
10.0
5.8
5.7
4.8
5.7
6.9
6.2
6.6
2.5
7.2
6.9
6.3
6.8
6.8
4.2
9.2
9.4
8.0
16.0
20.4
22.3
18.7
20.3
18.8
16.7
25.4
20.4
22.4
N/A
9.8
9.4
10.8
9.0
10.7
11.7
6.6
9.8
9.7
1.0
15.8
7.1
10.8
7.4
43.3
8.0
18.0
8.7
20.6
0.2
4.0
0.6
2.0
0.8
17.7
4.2
2.5
1.5
2.3
South Bay
7.5
East
8.4
South
12.3
West
7.9
Metro
N/A
San Gabriel
San Fernando
Asthma1i
Percent of children ages 017 years with current asthma
Tuberculosis12
Incidence of tuberculosis (annual new cases per 100,000 population)
Low Birth Weight7b
Percent of low weight births (per 100 live births)
Percent of low weight African-American births (per 100 live births)
Teen Birth7
Rate of births to teens (per 1,000 live births to mothers 1519 years)
Infant Mortality7c
Infant death rate (per 1,000 live births)
African-American infant death rate (per 1,000 live births)
Cancer Mortality2
Cancer death rate (age-adjusted per 100,000 population)
Breast Cancer Mortality2
Breast cancer death rate (age-adjusted per 100,000 population)
Cervical Cancer Mortality2
Cervical cancer death rate (age-adjusted per 100,000 population)
Lung Cancer Mortality2
Lung cancer death rate (age-adjusted per 100,000 population)
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality2
Coronary heart disease death rate (age-adjusted per 100,000 population)
Diabetes Mortality2
Diabetes death rate (age-adjusted per 100,000 population)
Stroke Mortality2
Stroke death rate (age-adjusted per 100,000 population)
Stroke death rate for African-Americans (age-adjusted per 100,000 population)
Suicide2
Suicide rate among adults ages 55 years and older (per 100,000 population)
Unintentional Injury2
Death rate attributed to motor vehicle crashes
(age-adjusted per 100,000 population)
Unintentional injury death rate among children ages 017 years
(per 100,000 population)
Homicide2
Homicide rate among adolescents and young adults ages 1534 years
(per 100,000 population)
1.0
11.1
4.6
8.2
11.7
21.2
5.0
12.4
8.9
10.3
5.0
6.7
7.3
6.5
6.4
6.8
6.4
7.3
6.1
6.7
5.0
11.8
12.5
11.3
10.9
14.6
10.3
12.2
10.8
11.0
N/A
44.4
52.1
35.0
43.3
35.1
8.4
85.7
50.8
40.8
4.5
5.4
9.4
5.3
4.8
6.1
3.7
6.5
4.7
5.0
4.5
11.4
28.4
7.7
10.8
12.2
6.3
11.9
11.0
8.8
159.9 164.5
22.3
23.5
24.2
24.8
23.6
18.4
20.9
22.6
22.8
26.2
2.0
3.5
2.1
2.1
2.5
4.0
1.3
6.9
3.9
5.8
44.9
39.8
52.6
39.9
37.7
33.5
34.4
51.0
35.7
44.3
166.4 199.9
N/A
22.9
24.3
18.2
19.2
27.3
10.5
38.3
33.2
21.0
48.0
50.5
53.6
46.4
45.8
46.1
45.3
70.2
48.4
56.5
48.0
75.1
74.4
70.2
61.3
59.7
66.5
84.0
76.9
80.8
N/A
13.0
16.8
14.8
9.4
12.6
12.5
6.2
9.3
19.1
9.2
9.4
21.4
9.8
8.0
8.6
4.7
13.5
7.4
8.4
N/A
5.8
13.1
6.1
5.3
6.2
3.7
6.3
3.6
4.6
N/A
25.6
14.1
15.5
15.5
23.3
12.9
78.6
19.4
26.5
=SPA statistically better off than the L.A. County average (p<0.05)
=SPA statistically worse off than the L.A. County average (p<0.05)
DESIGN BY
BOLDFACE DESIGN
Epidemiologist
Epidemiologist
Epidemiology Analyst
Cynthia Recio
Epidemiology Analyst
Epidemiology Analyst
Presorted
Standard
U.S. Postage
PAID
Los Angeles, CA
Permit No. 32365
RESOURCES
For information about improving health
indicators visit these additional web sites:
Healthy People 2010 indicator goals
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
wonder.cdc.gov/DATA2010/objsearc.htm
Prevention practices in clinical settings
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
www.ahrq.gov/clinic/prevenix.htm
Smart investments in prevention
Partnership for Prevention
www.prevent.org
Strategies for protecting the health
and safety of a community
www.thecommunityguide.org