4-Mode S

Secondary
Surveillance
Radar
Mode S
Radar equation : uplink/downlink link budget

Pr
transpondeur
Pc
radar
.Gradar Gtransp .i .Ls
(4. ) .R
2
> MTLxpdr = 69dBm
Interrogation 1030 Mhz = i
Reply 1090 Mhz = r
Pr
radar
Pc
transp
Use of 2 differents frequencies

uplink and downlink = independants
.Gradar Gtransp .r .Ls
(4. ) .R
2
> MTLradar > 85dBm
European radar density

- 80 civil SSR in the FABEC area
- As many military IFF
9
From10 to 14
From 15 to 19
From 20 to 24
From 25 to 29
From 30 to 34
From 35 to 39
From 40 to 42
Light Green
Bright Red
Bright Yellow
Dark Blue
Light Green
Pink
Light Blue
Orange
overlap FL 100
SSR limitations SSR
RF pollution - Mode A/C radar RF occupancy
A mode A/C radar interrogates an aircraft 10 to 20 times per antenna revolution
ICAO annexe 10 specifies the rate of occupancy of the transponder to 500 replies
per sec
In airpaces where aircrafts are interrogated by 50 radars, this rate can be reached
! Loss of detection
Aircrafts reply to all A/C interrogation.
The number of replies transmitted by transponders is proportional to the number

of radar and to the density of Air trafic
! In the Core area : 1090 MHz frequency is sometimes saturated
We need to find a system which limits the number of interrogation, and the number of
reply to reduce the transponder occupancy and 1090 utilisation.
Broadcast Vs P2P
?
?
?
?
P2P fonctionement
Im Plane1 and
I speak to
Radar1 My
Mode C is 350
Im Radar1 and I
speak to Plane1
Give me your
Mode C
Im Plane2. I
dont reply
Im Radar1.
I notice the
answer
Im Radar2. Im
not concern by
this reply
SSR limitations SSR

Number of Mode A is limited:
12 bits = 4096 codes available
Not sufficient in dense trafic areas
New address system
Mode A integrity
Received Mode A value not checked
Mode A encoding not robust to interference
Error correction system
ATC systems using Mode A

multi-radar tracker : plot/track correlation STR
(pb of duplicated Mode A)
Fligth Id transmission
Track servers : Flight Plan/ track correlation
7
RadmS
P2P
Interoperability with existing surveillance equipments (same frequency)
Allocation of a unique 24 bits address to each aircraft (@ Mode S) in order to

interrogate each aircraft individually (SELECTIVE interrogation) ! GARBLING
Suppression
Allocation of an identity code for each interrogator (16 II codes ou 63 SI codes) in

order to identify each interrogator. The ID code will be part of both radar
interrogation and aircraft reply ! FRUIT suppression
Development of a special protocol for acquiring @ Mode S of aircraft entering the

coverage of the radar
Mode S Address
India : 800000 to 83FFFF = 262144 number of adress
Mode S ! new capacities

! Mode S Improves radar detection and ranging performances
- Data security improvement, check of received data integrity (use of code
correcting technics)
- Improvement of altitude encoding ! FL Mode C LSB = 25 ft
- Technology changes so that data processing must be able to manage 900
aircraft in the radar coverage
! Mode S provides new functionalities
- Extra data available for identification: @ 24 bit and aircraft ID (ACID)
! usable for replacing Mode A and fixing mode A shortage issue
- Important number of avionic parameters may be send down to the ground
(Ground Speed, Mode of Flight, Roll angle, heading, wind, . )
1
0
Mode S radar standards
1
1
ICAO standards:
SARPS Mode S ( ground station et transponder)
Annexe 10 edition 1987 + revision 1993, 1996,
1998 ,2002, 2006, 2008)
SARPS Mode S network published 1993, revised
1997
Specifics services manual (doc 9688) edition
May 1997, revised 2002, 2006
Industry standard
Euroca /ARINC /RTCA concerning transponders
Mode S
Why Mode S is essential?

to fix SSR drawbacks (garbing, Fruit)
! has been invented for that
Improvement of tracking and Flight plan correlation
Reduce RF 1030 1090 pollution
Mode A code Shortage
Increase radar capacity (technlogy)
All call and Roll call Periods

Mode S aircraf entering
the coverage
Mode S aircraft locked

Mode A/C aircraft
Acquisition
@Mode S
AC
selective Interrogation
Of a @Mode S
RC
AC
RC
AC
time
All Call (AC) periods help monitor Mode A/C aircraft and
acquire Mode S aircraft coming under the coverage
Roll Call (RC) periods enable selective interrogation of
Mode S aircraft already acquired using the AC periods
Interrogation
Tpdr S
Tpdr A/C
All Call
Roll Call
Reply ModeS adress
Reply Mode A or C
Reply Mode A or C
ISLS
P1 P2
P6
P1 P2
P6
P1
P3
P4
All Call
Aircraft entering the radar coverage for
the first time
First scans of antenna
For Sensor 05
I am C0123F
I enter in the
coverage of
05
Here Sensor 05 ,
Identify yourself
Interrogator 1
Interrogator 2
@modeS 1
..
05
@modeS 2
I locate the
position of
the
C0123F
..
C0123F
Roll Call
2 conditions for operating selective interrogation:
- The radar must know the MODE S Address (0xC0123F ) of the aircraft he will interrogate selectively (1 All Call is
normally enough)
- The radar has to be able to predict the position of the aircraft at the next antenna scan (3 positions are necessary to
calculate a speed vector and a tracking window ! 3 All Call)
When Conditions are OK for operating Selective interrogation, the aircraft must stop replying to All Call because it is no
more usefull and, overall, because replying to All Call generates FRUIT and GARBLING and pollutes 1090 frequency.
! The Radar-Sensor will give the aircraft an order of locking itself with the radar. The aircraft is locked only for this
Radar Sensor .
Here C0123F
330
After 3 or 4 scans of antenna
Interrogator 1
Interrogator 2
..
Here Sensor 05 :
For 0xC0123F
Lock out your Addresse
Mode S!
Mode C ?
@modeS 2
05 locked
The Mode S Transponder
0xC0123F is going to lock itself .
It will answer just for Selectif Answer.
@modeS 1
I will keep on to
interrogate the
next positions of
the 0xC0123F
..
.
C0123F
Iock Radar1
Iock Radar2
Lock out system

All Call
Roll Call
New Aircraft arriving

In the coverage area !
Coverage of Radar 1
Coverage of Radar 2
Same radar address
All Call
Roll Call
Iock Radar1
The Aircraft is not kept watch on

in this aera
Coverage of Radar 2
Coverage of Radar 1
Clusters
Iock Radar1
All Call
Roll Call

Transmission of the @Mode S and position

via a telecom/Network
Coverage of Radar 1
Coverage of Radar 2
Lock-out process
Locking a Mode S transponder (@ 0xC0123F ) with a given interrogator (II=05) means :
- It will reply only to Selective interrogations.
- In other word : It will no more reply to All Call coming from interrogator II=05
Issue : What happen if the aircraft is lost by the radar (ex. Technical pb, aircraft masked by a mountain
etc..)?
! After 3 antenna revolutions without detection, the radar cancels the track and remove @ 0xC0123F from
the @modeS list.
! If the aircraft is back into the radar coverage and become detectable :
! It will not be interrogated using selective mode because it is unknown for the radar
! It will be interrogated using All Call which is the normal process for unknown aircraft : BUT,
because it is locked with the interrogator, it is not allowed to answer to All Call from 05 ! the
aircraft becomes UNDETECTABLE by Radar II =05
SOLUTION :
- The locked is maintained only during 18 seconds
- A timer is launched when the transponder locks with the radar.
- The timer is reset at each selective interrogation
- If no selective interrogation is received during 18 s, the transponder is unlocked with radar II=5
This is always the case when the aircraft lives the radar coverage ! allows another radar, with the same II
code to acquire the aircraft.
Mode S Content
- Mode S : the solution to
- Mode S messages
-
Uplink
Downlink
- Elementary Surveillance (ELS)

- Avionics
- Enhanced surveillance (EHS)
Mode S : the solution to

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink
Elementary Surveillance (ELS)

Avionics
Enhanced surveillance (EHS)
Fruit cancelling thanks to:
Less interrogations
Transponder reply containing the interrogator code
Garbling cancelling thanks to:
Roll Call mecanism so that replies do not overlap

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
FRUIT Suppression
Data field including

the interrogator ID
code
?
no
?
yes
Track update
The Mode S reply includes the ID code of the interrogator that has asked the question
RadmS

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Garbling reduction
Roll Call
Interrogation
reply
Interrogation
Reply
Time
The 2 interrogations are sequenced (the 2nd is delayed if necessary)
so that the replies are not superimposed

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Surveillance Mode A/C
Experimental Scenario
Surveillance Mode S
RadmS
26
Mode S Content
- Mode S messages
-
Uplink
Downlink

- Avionics

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Mode S interrogation types

XPDR
Mode A/C
All Call
All Call
Mode A
All Call
Mode C
All Call
Mode S
Roll Call
Mode C
Request
Mode A
Request
P1
P3
P1
P1
P1
P1
P4
P3
P2
P2
P2
P4
P6 (UF11)
P6 (UF4 for @Y)
P6 (UF5 for @Y)
XPDR
Mode S
non locked
(@X)
XPDR
Mode S
locked
(@Y)
reply
Mode A
No reply
No reply
reply
Mode C
No reply
No reply
reply
Mode S
(with @X)
No reply
No reply
No reply
No reply
No reply
Reply DF4
(with Mode
C)
No reply
Reply DF5
(with Mode
A)

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Mode S Interrogation /
Uplink Format

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Uplink Format (block of Data in Short P6)
Format
N
1
4
UF:00100
1
56
PC : 3
RR : 5
ID: 3
SD : 16
UF:00101
1
11
Mode C request
56
PC : 3
RR : 5
ID: 3
SD : 16
UF:01011
AP : 24
AP : 24
56
PR : 4
II : 4
19 (Pading)
AP : 24
Mode A request
All-Call Mode S
only

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Mode S messages
(UF Number)
0
1, 2 and 3
MESSAGE LENGTH
Short (56 bits)
MODE S INTERROGATION REQUEST
Short air-air surveillance (ACAS)

Not defined
Short (56 bits)
Surveillance, altitude request
Short (56 bits)
Surveillance, identify request
6, 7, 8, 9 and 10
11
12, 13, 14 and 15
16
17, 18 and 19
Short (56 bits)
Long(112 bits)
Not defined
Mode S-only all-call
Not defined
Long air-air surveillance (ACAS)
ADS
20
Long (112 bits)
Comm-A, Comm-B altitude request (SLM *)
21
Long (112 bits)
Comm-A, Comm-B identify request (SLM *)
22 and 23
24 (2-bit field)
Long (112 bits)
Not defined
Comm-C, Comm-D (ELM **)

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Uplink Format (block of Data in Long P6)

Field that contains
the data-link message
for the upper level of
exchange (Packet Mode S ,
Packet X25 )
Format
N
1
20
PC : 3
UF:10100
1
24
ID : 3
SD : 16
MA : 56
RR : 5
ID: 3
SD : 16
MA : 56
segment data-link
standard + req. Mode C
AP : 24
segment data-link
standard + req. Mode A
112
RC : 2
3
AP : 24
112
PC : 3
UF:11000
1
RR : 5
UF:10101
21
112
NC : 4
MC : 80
AP : 24
112
segment data-link
extended

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
All Call P6 structure

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
PR
UF=11
IC
CL
libres
AP = @appel gnral + Parit
identification interrogateur
code II
SI
Low
Significant
bits
adresse appel gnral = 24 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0
code II de 0 15
0
0
0
1
code SI de 1 15
code SI de 16 31
code SI de 32 47
code SI de 48 63
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
Probabilit de rponse
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
rpondre avec Pr=1

rpondre avec Pr=1/2
rpondre avec Pr=1/4
rpondre avec Pr=1/8
rpondre avec Pr=1/16
non assign
non assign
non assign
ne pas tenir compte du verouillage et
non assign
non assign
non assign
rpondre avec
rpondre avec
rpondre avec
rpondre avec
rpondre avec
Pr=1
Pr=1/2
Pr=1/4
Pr=1/8
Pr=1/16

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Roll Call P6 structure

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
UF
PC = 0
DI
RR
SD
AP = @Mode S + Parit
Non pris en compte si:

interrogation de surveillance
ou CommA avec DI=3
0 15 pour demander une rponse
au format surveillance DF4 ou 5
interrogateur II
0 0 0
code II
interrogateur SI
0 1 1
code SI
LS 0 0 0
0
1
aucun changement de l'tatde vrouillage

commande vrouillage
Mode S Content
- Mode S messages
-
Uplink
Downlink

- Avionics

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Mode S Reply /
Downlink format

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Data Link : Reply
Prambule
Bloc de donnes
Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Dure = 8 s
Bit N-1 Bit N

1 0 1 0
Dure = 56 ou 112 s
Format
N
20
FS : 3
DF:10100
1
21
1
AC : 13
MB : 56
DR : 5
UM : 6
ID : 13
MB : 56
segment data-link
standard + Code C
AP : 24
segment data-link
standard + Code A
112
1
3
AP : 24
112
FS : 3
DF:11
1
UM : 6
DF:10101
24
DR : 5
KE : 1
ND : 4
MD : 80
AP : 24
112
segment data-link
tendu

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
All Call reply
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
CA
DF=11
AA = @Mode S
Transponder Capacity
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
surveillance only (no communication)

reserved
reserved
reserved
on ground level 2 transponder, comm A and B capacity
airborne level 2 transponder, comm A and B capacity
on ground or airborne level 2 transponder (no ground bit management), comm A and B capacity
alert or SPI (active FS) or no null DR
PI = code interrogateur + Parit

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Roll Call altitude reply

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
FS
DF=4
DR = 0
UM
AC
AP = @Mode S + Parit
info altitude
Statut du vol
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
ni alerte, ni SPI, en vol

ni alerte, ni SPI, au sol
alerte (7500, 7600,7700), pas de SPI, en vol
alerte (7500, 7600,7700), pas de SPI, au vol
alerte (7500, 7600,7700) et SPI
SPI sans alerte
non assign
non assigns
Demande descendante
0 en surveillance
Code altitude
M
M: en feet
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C1 A1 C2 A2 C4 A4 0 B1 0 B2 D2 B4 D4
z
0 z 1
Q: prcision 25ft ou 100ft
pas d'altitude disponible

altitude en pieds, precision 100 ft
codage mode C code Gray
altitude en pieds, precision 25 ft, codage sur 11 bits de N tel que

Z= (25N-1000)+/-12,5ft
altitude en mtres
Mode S radar Performances
Data processing capacity 900 Aircraft-tracks

Probability of detection of 99%
Accuracy :
Random Error in Range:
Mode S : 15 m
Mode A/C : 30m
Random Error in azimuth : less than 0.068

The station Radar can support a rate of average of 11000fruit/s in the
lobe of 3 dB
Protection of data by a Parity Control (CRC)
Mode S Content
- Mode S messages
-
Uplink
Downlink

- Avionics

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Elementary surveillance
ELS operations rely on 3 basements :

- Mode S interrogator (radar)
- ATC systems
Multiradar radar tracker
Correlation function
Fall back picture label display
- Airborne equipment (transponder)

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Elementary surveillance Tracker aspect
Use of the 24 bits address for merging information related to the same
aircraft coming from several radars sources
advantage: @ 24 bits is far more reliable than Mode A because it is
related to unique aircraft and so it identifies it without any doubt
Statistics : only 2 or 3 Mode S addresses duplicated detected each
year
Improvement of FL tracking (tracking in vertical plan) thanks to the

division by 4 of the FL encoding resolution (100 ft to 25 ft)
43

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Flight Plan correlation aspects

Pure ELS FP Correlation ! to be applied on Mode S flights once ELS fully operational
(radar Mode S + ELS systems compliant + Mode S transponder).
What is a Mode S flight ?
" Flight flying through sectors that are all encompassed into Mode S Airspaces
Double Mode S radar coverage
ATC System full ELS capable
" Flight Plan field : equipment A/C = equipped
Flight tagged Mode S

Automatic allocation of mode A = 1000
(for all Mode S flights)
FP correlation is performed using ACID and then maintained using the 24bits @
FP correlation no more performed using Mode A
! Save Mode A codes and fixes the Mode A shortage issue

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Get rid of Mode A codes

MS1
MS2
MS3
MS@
A1000
AF123
XYZ1
MS@
A1000
AF123
XYZ2
MS@
A1000
AF123
XYZ3
Tracks
Correlation Item
Aircraft Identification
MS@
mode
A1000
AF123
XYZ
headig
speed
Function
doing the
correlation
with the flight
plan data
Flight Plan
Processing
System
Mode A
AF123
Airport
Departure
Airport
Arrival ...
Flight Plan Data
MS@
Advantage : only one mode A code

for all Mode S flights
N Fligth
Plan
Position
Heading
Speed
Departure
Airfield
Arrival
Airfield
Available INFORMATION
For CONTROLLER

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Elementary Surveillance: fall back picture improvement
In fall back mode (mono radar data) ! use of ACID received from
Mode S replies
Flight number = ACID delivered to the controller for identification

instead of Mode A
Flight level
identification
Ground speed
A5312
160
FL280
Non Mode S label
AFR2130
160
Mode S label
FL280
Mode S Content
- Mode S messages
-
Uplink
Downlink

- Avionics

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Mode S transponders

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Avionic integration
altimeter
ACID
Mode A
Box
Mode C
Mode S
Transponder
avionics
Enhanced surveillance data
and RA (ACAS)
@mode S

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Transponder registers
Mode S Transponder
Avionic
Avionic data:
Speed, heading,
roll angle etc..
10 Data link
20 Flight ID
Lock out
255 registers BDS
MB
Com A Interrogation
UF=20 protocol
ou 21
RR =
17 or
18
Id interrogator
NBDS
requested
CRC + @mode S
BDS value
CRC + @mode S
Com B Reply
DF = 20
ou 21
Flight
status
UM Altitude (25ft)
or Mode A

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
BDS 20: Callsign

FIELD
1
2
3
4 BDS Code 2 0
5
6
7
8
9 MSB
10
11
CHARACTER 1
12
13
14
15 MSB
16
17
CHARACTER 2
18
19
20
21 MSB
22
23
CHARACTER 3
24
25
26
27 MSB
28
29
CHARACTER 4
30
31
32
FIELD
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
MSB
CHARACTER 5
MSB
CHARACTER 6
MSB
CHARACTER 7
MSB
CHARACTER 8
8 characters available

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Mode S Transponders : Level 1

5 levels defined by ICAO :
Level 1 : Same functions as Mode A/C XPDR with FL report
Able to process All Call mode S interrogations as well as selective interrogations
(Roll call) and deliver mode S identification (@mode s) and Altitude
Able to manage lock out process
Report of flght status data (alert, ground)
Short Squitter / anti collision service
level not operated and not recommended by ICAO

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Mode S Transponders : Level 2

Level 2 = Level 1 +
Management of short message communication protocol (Comm A & Comm B)
Report of datalink capability
Flight Identification (ACID)
First level operated by ICAO

Requested in European regulations
Level compliant with Elementary and Enhanced surveillance

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Mode S Transponders : Level 3 and 4

Levels 3 & 4 = Level 2 +
Management of extended message communication protocol (Comm C et Comm D)

" Uplink only : level 3
" Uplink and downlink : level 4
Level 3 : Useless
Level 4 : Full datalink
Level 5 = level 4 +
Improved communications capabilities
datalink multisite

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
ADS-B capabilities
extended Squitter l -ELM
Latitude (WGS84)
Longitude (WGS84)
FL

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
SI Capability
Only 16 codes II...
II code shortage in Europe
SI code operations :
64 codes SI (drawback : suppression of
some datalink functions)
or Mode S radar clusters
Synthesis ELS capabilities

An aircraft that is ELS compliant meets the following functionalities :
24 bit aircraft address

SSR Mode 3/A
Altitude reporting in 25ft increments
Flight Status (airborne/on the ground)
Data Link Capability Report (BDS 10 hex)
Common Usage GICB Capability Report (BDS 17 hex)
Aircraft identification (BDS 20 hex)
ACAS Active Resolution Advisory (BDS 30 hex) if ACAS equipped
The aircraft operator has to ensure that the aircraft reports a unique 24 bit aircraft
Mode S Content
- Mode S messages
-
Uplink
Downlink

- Avionics

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Enhanced surveillance
Enhanced Surveillance aims at supplementing surveillance data using

downlinked airborne parameters:
# To get knowledge of the instantaneous state vector of the flight (heading,
speed)
# To improve the prediction of the flight path (climbing rate, intention
parameters)
Two enhanced surveillance services have to be considered :

# CAP service (Controller Access Parameter)
" Magnetic heading, selected altitude, IAS,
# SAP service (System Access Parameter)

" Selected altitude, ground speed, true track angle, roll angle, vertical rate,

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
EHS : parameter extraction
Mode S specific services are used :

- Periodically or on duty extraction : GICB service (ground initiated COMM-B)
- Extraction on event : dataflash application
- Broadcast air- ground or ground-air short messages

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
All the B.D.S Registers

Not valid
Minimum update rate

N/A
Unassigned
N/A
02 16
Linked Comm-B, segment 2
N/A
03
N/A
4016
4116
N/A
4216
Extended squitter airbone position
0.2 s
Next way-point information
1.0 s
0.5 s
Extended squitter surface position
0.2 s
4316
4416
Meteorological routine air report
1.0 s
4516
4616
4716
Meteorological hazard report

Reserved for flight management system Mode 1
Reserved for flight management system Mode 2
1.0 s
VHF channel report
5.0 s
Unassigned
N/A
5016
5116
5216
Track and turn report
1.0 s
0.5 s
5316
5416
Air-referenced state vector

Way-point 1
55
16
5616
Way-point 2
Way-point 3
5.0 s
4716-5E16
5F16
Unassigned
N/A
0.5 s
Register No.
00
16
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
0A
0B
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
0C 16
0D -0E
0F
10
16
16
11 -16
16
17
16
16
18 16-1F 16
20
21
22
23
24
25
16
16
16
16
16
16
26 -2F
16
1.0 s
Extended squitter identification and type
15.0 s
Extended squitter airbone velocity
0.2 s
Extended squitter event-driven information
variable
16
1.0 s
Air/air information 2 (aircraft intent)
1.0 s
Reserved for air/air state information
To be determided
Reserved for ACAS
To be determided
Data link capability report
< 4.0 s
Reserved for extension to data link capability report
5.0 s
Common usage GICB capability report
16
Register No.
3016
3116-3F16
Extended squitter status
Air/air information 1 (aircraft state)
16
16
Assignment
5.0 s
4816
4916-4F16
Mode S specific services capability report
5.0 s
Aircraft identification
5.0 s
Aircraft registration number
15.0 s
Antenna positions
15.0 s
7016-E016
Reserved for antenna position
15.0 s
Reserved for aircraft parameters
15.0 s
E116-E216
E316-F016
Aircraft type
15.0 s
Unassigned
N/A
6016
6116
6216-6F16
F116
F216-FF16
Refer to ICAO Annex 10
Assignment
Minimum update rate
ACAS active resolution advisory

Unassigned
N/A
Aircraft intention
1.0 s
1.0 s
Next way-point identifier

Next way-point position
Position report coarse

Position report fine
Quasi-static parameter monitoring

Heading and speed report
Extended squitter emergency/priority status
To be determided
To be determided
0.5 s
0.5 s
5.0 s
5.0 s
1.0 s
1.0 s
Reserved forxtended
e
squitter
Unassigned
Reserved for Mode S BITE
N/A
N/A
Unassigned
Reserved for military use
N/A
Unassigned
To be determined
N/A

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
GICB capability report

BDS register
BDS 1,7
Downlink Aircraft Parameters

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
EHS carriage regulation

An aircraft is considered to be EHS capable if the full list of 8 Downlink Aircraft Parameters (DAP), set out
below, can be supplied :
BDS register
BDS 4,0
Selected altitude
BDS 5,0
Roll angle
Track angle rate
True track angle
Ground speed
BDS 6,0
Magnetic heading
Indicated Airspeed or Mach Number
Vertical rate (barometric or inertial rate of clim or descend)
To enter an EHS declared airspace, aircrafts are required to be EHS capable.

Ex. Amsterdam FIR > FL245 or UK

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Use of BDS
BDS register
BDS 4,0
Selected altitude
! Level Burst alerts
Selected level
RadmS

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Use of BDS
BDS register
BDS 5,0
Roll angle
Track angle rate
True track angle
Ground speed
! Improvement of tracker behaviour

True trajectory
Tracked/filtered
trajectory

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
EHS carriage regulation
BDS register
BDS 6,0
Magnetic heading
Indicated Airspeed or Mach Number
Vertical rate (barometric or inertial rate of climb or descend)
! Raw and accurate rate

! Save VHF load when operating approach control
Example of BDS
BDS 4,0
BDS 5,0
BDS 6,0

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
Example of EHS : the GICB service

Dynamic
Enhanced
Surveillance
Climbing rate
The controler wants
to check the climbing
rate of the aircraft
Request manager
Interrogation
with BDS 6,0
request
Transponder
255
register
BDS
BDS 6,0
included in
(DF20 ou DF21)
Parameter server
BDS 6,0 reported

in the surveillance
output
Preset of the parameters to be

automatically extracted by the
radar station
Static Enhanced
Surveillance
6,0
MB

Mode S messages
Uplink
Downlink

Avionics
EHS Label
Speed vector
Position
FL
(climbing, descending)
ACID
Ground Speed
AFR2130 F280
160
310
070 2500 120
Magnetic heading
Selected altitude
Indicated speed
Vertical speed

4-Mode S

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4-Mode S

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Secondary

Radar equation : uplink/downlink link budget

.Gradar Gtransp .i .Ls

> MTLxpdr = 69dBm

Interrogation 1030 Mhz = i

Reply 1090 Mhz = r

Use of 2 differents frequencies

.Gradar Gtransp .r .Ls

> MTLradar > 85dBm

European radar density

SSR limitations SSR

RF pollution - Mode A/C radar RF occupancy

A mode A/C radar interrogates an aircraft 10 to 20 times per antenna revolution

Aircrafts reply to all A/C interrogation.

The number of replies transmitted by transponders is proportional to the number

SSR limitations SSR

New address system

Error correction system

ATC systems using Mode A

Interoperability with existing surveillance equipments (same frequency)

Allocation of a unique 24 bits address to each aircraft (@ Mode S) in order to

Allocation of an identity code for each interrogator (16 II codes ou 63 SI codes) in

Development of a special protocol for acquiring @ Mode S of aircraft entering the

India : 800000 to 83FFFF = 262144 number of adress

Mode S ! new capacities

Mode S radar standards

Why Mode S is essential?

All call and Roll call Periods

Mode S aircraft locked

Reply ModeS adress

After 3 or 4 scans of antenna

Lock out system

New Aircraft arriving

Same radar address

The Aircraft is not kept watch on

New Aircraft arriving

Transmission of the @Mode S and position

- Elementary Surveillance (ELS)

Mode S : the solution to

Elementary Surveillance (ELS)

Mode S : the solution to

Fruit cancelling thanks to:

Garbling cancelling thanks to:

Roll Call mecanism so that replies do not overlap

Mode S : the solution to

Elementary Surveillance (ELS)

Data field including

Mode S : the solution to

Elementary Surveillance (ELS)

Mode S : the solution to

Elementary Surveillance (ELS)

Surveillance Mode A/C

- Elementary Surveillance (ELS)

Mode S : the solution to

Elementary Surveillance (ELS)

Mode S interrogation types

P6 (UF4 for @Y)

P6 (UF5 for @Y)

Mode S : the solution to

Elementary Surveillance (ELS)

Mode S : the solution to

Elementary Surveillance (ELS)

Uplink Format (block of Data in Short P6)