EQUIPMENTS USE IN RADIO STATION

1.TRANSMITTER -

In electronics and telecommunications a transmitter or radio

transmitter is an electronic device which, with the aid of an antenna, produces radio waves. The
transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current, which is applied to the
antenna. When excited by this alternating current, the antenna radiates radio waves. In addition
to their use in broadcasting, transmitters are necessary component parts of many electronic
devices that communicate by radio, such as cell phones, wireless computer networks, Bluetooth
enabled devices, garage door openers, two-way radios in aircraft, ships, spacecraft, radar sets
and navigational beacons. The term transmitter is usually limited to equipment that generates
radio waves for communication purposes; or radiolocation, such as radar and navigational
transmitters. Generators of radio waves for heating or industrial purposes, such as microwave
ovens or diathermy equipment, are not usually called transmitters even though they often have
similar circuits.

2.RADIO - is the use of radio waves to carry information, such as sound, by

systematically modulating some property of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through
space, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike an
electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The
information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form. Radio
systems need a transmitter to modulate (change) some property of the energy produced to
impress a signal on it, for example using amplitude modulation or angle modulation (which can
be frequency modulation or phase modulation). Radio systems also need an antenna to
convert electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. An antenna can be used for both
transmitting and receiving. The electrical resonance of tuned circuits in radios allow individual
stations to be selected. The electromagnetic wave is intercepted by a tuned receiving antenna.
A radio receiver receives its input from an antenna and converts it into a form usable for the
consumer, such as sound, pictures, digital data, measurement values, navigational positions,
etc. Radio frequencies occupy the range from a 3 kHz to 300 GHz, although commercially
important uses of radio use only a small part of this spectrum. A radio communication system
sends signals by radio.

3.MULTIMETER OR MULTITESTER - A also known as a VOM (volt-ohm

meter or volt-ohm-milliammeter), is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several
measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, current,
and resistance. Analog multimeters use a microammeter with a moving pointer to display
readings. Digital multimeters (DMM, DVOM) have a numeric display, and may also show a
graphical bar representing the measured value. Digital multimeters are now far more common
but analog multimeters are still preferable in some cases, for example when monitoring a rapidly
varying value.
A multimeter can be a hand-held device useful for basic fault finding and field service work, or
a bench instrument which can measure to a very high degree of accuracy. They can be used to
troubleshoot electrical problems in a wide array of industrial and household devices such
as electronic equipment, motor controls, domestic appliances, power supplies, and wiring
systems.

4.BROADCAST CONSOLE - Broadcast consoles are integral for radio

broadcasting applications. They help to mix and output multi-channel sound through the
airwaves as part of your radio broadcast. These consoles offer features such as automatic
monitor cut-off, cough muting, control signaling, automation of external equipment, and external
communication management. Broadcast consoles come in many different varieties and features
to cater to specific needs, depending on the size and outreach of your broadcast and budget.
ProAudio.com carries an assortment of broadcast consoles for modern day radio.

5. DC
REGULATOR
POWER SUPPLY - A regulated power supply is an embedded circuit; it converts
unregulated AC into a constant DC. With the help of a rectifier it converts AC supply into DC. Its
function is to supply a stable voltage (or less often current), to a circuit or device that must be
operated within certain power supply limits. The output from the regulated power supply may be
alternating or unidirectional, but is nearly always DC (Direct Current).
The type of stabilization used may be restricted to ensuring that the output remains within
certain limits under various load conditions, or it may also include compensation for variations in
its own supply source.

6. MAIN SWITCH - A main switch is a central cut-off switch that controls the smaller
cut-off switches and machines of a building. The main switch can be cut off by a human or a
computerized system to control the flow of power in the building.
The main switch, also referred to as a distribution board, divides the feed of electrical power to a
building into subsidiary circuits and provides a protective fuse for each circuit. When a circuit is
overloaded, the fuse at the main switch is popped. This effectively stops power from flowing
through the circuit and prevents fire from the overload. Without the main switch, an overload
would cause current to heat the wire, melt the insulation and eventually start a fire.

7. TOROID - A toroid is a coil of insulated or enameled wire wound on a donut-shaped

form made of powdered iron. A toroid is used as an inductor in electronic circuits, especially at
low frequencies where comparatively large inductances are necessary.
A toroid has more inductance , for a given number of turns, than a solenoid with a core of the
same material and similar size. This makes it possible to construct high-inductance coils of
reasonable physical size and mass. Toroidal coils of a given inductance can carry more
current than solenoidal coils of similar size, because larger-diameter wires can be used, and the
total amount of wire is less, reducing the resistance .
In a toroid, all the magnetic flux is contained in the core material. This is because the core has
no ends from which flux might leak off. The confinement of the flux prevents external magnetic
fields from affecting the behavior of the toroid, and also prevents the magnetic field in the toroid
from affecting other components in a circuit.

8. COMPUTERS - A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to

carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations can
be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem.
Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central
processing unit (CPU), and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic
and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in
response to stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external
source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved.

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