TRAGACANTH

Synonyms: gum tragacanth

Scientific name and family: Astragalus gummifer
(Leguminosae)
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PECTIN
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ALTHEA
Synonyms: althaea, marshmallow
Althaea leaf, althaea root, Althaea officinalis L. var
robusta, Althaeae folium, althaeae radi, althaea radix,
Althea, althea leaf, althea root, Altheia,
Apothekerstockmalve (German), bismalva (Italian),
buonvischio (Italian), cheeses, Eibischwurzel (German),
Guimauve (French), gul hatem (Turkish), Herba Malvae,
hitmi (Turkish), kitmi (Turkish), Mallards, Malvaceae
(family), malvacioni (Italian), malve, malvavisco
(Spanish), mortification root, Racine De Guimauve,
sweet weed, witte malve, wymote.
Scientific name and family: Althaea officinalis L.
(Malvaceae.)
Part used: Dry extract of flower; leaves and roots
Active constituents: Marshmallow root
preparations consist of peeled or unpeeled dried
root of Althaea officinalis L., and contain mucilage
polysaccharides (6.2-11.6%) composed of
galacturonorhamnans, arabinans, glucaris,
arabinogalactans; carbohydrates (25-35 %);
flavanoids; glycosides; sugars (10% sucrose);
amines (up to 12% asparagines); fat (1.7%);
calcium oxalate; coumarins; phenolic acid9; and
sterols. Purified homogenous mucilage of
marshmallow mucilage is composed of Lrhamsose, D-galactose, galacuonnic acid, and Dglucuronic acid in molar ratio of 3:2:3:31.
Scopoletin, quercitin, kaempferol, chlorgenic acid,
caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid are also present
in the roots. Marshmallow is high in aluminum,
iron, magnesium, selenium, tin, and substantial
amounts of calcium. It is also high in pectin, which
may lower blood glucose concentrations. The root
contains 25-35% of the mucilage; however, the
content of purified mucilage is much lower.
Asparagine, sugar, pectin and tannin have also
been identified in the root. The mucilage content
of the root, leaves and flowers is highest in the
late fall and winter (approximately 11%) and
lowest in the spring and summer (5-6%). Xylose,

AGAR
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CITRIC ACID
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glucan, arabinogalactan, acidic polysaccharide

containing 2-O-alpha-D-galacturonopyranosyl-lrhamnose10 are also present in the hydrolysate of
leaf and flower mucilage. Extracts from hybrid
plants have been found to be more mucilaginous
with different sugar composition compared to
native plants.
Roots of A. officinalis contain mucilage, flavonoids
and glycosides, additionally the leaves contain
the coumarin scopoletin.
Uses: cough suppression, bronchodilator activity
Source:
http://file.scirp.org/pdf/CM_2014061917085927.pd
f
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/lifescience/nutrition-research/learning-center/plantprofiler/althaea-officinalis.html