(1) Double entry book-keeping was fathered by:

(a) F.W.Taylor
(b) Henry Fayol
(c) Lucas Pacioli.
(2) Funds Flow Statement and sources and application statement are:
(a) Synonymous
(b) Antagonistic
(c) None of these.
(3) Depreciation in spirit is similar to:
(a) Depletion
(b) Amortization
(c) Depression.
4) Balance Sheet is always prepared:
(a) for the year ended.
(b) As on a specified date.
(c) None of these.
(5) In Insurance, the following Profit and Loss Accounts are prepared:
(a) Separate for Fire, Marine, and Accidents etc.
(b) Consolidated for Fire, Marine, and Accidents etc.(c) None of these.
(6) Partners in Pakistan can today be fixed at the following numbers:
(a) 20
(b) 50
(c) 75.
(7) Flexible budget is a budget with the following features:
(a) Changes with volume of production.
(b) Changes with variable expenses
(c) Changes in Direct material.
(8) Break Even can be calculated as under:
(a) ______VC_______
FC- TR TC
(b) FC
I- VC TR(c) None of these.
(9) Quick Ratio can be computed as under:
(a) Quick . Assets/Quick Liabilities
(b) Quick . Liabilities Current Assets
(c) Current Assets/ Current Liabilities

(10) In straight line method of depreciation, the written down value of a fixed asset will be
at the end of the life of the asset as under:
(a) Rupee one
(b) Rupee zero (c) None of these.
(11) Sales budget must be prepared:
(a) Independently
(b) Depending on production capacity
(c) Based on Sales forecasts of market.
(12) Consolidation of subsidiary accounts in the balance sheet of a unlisted Holding
company is at present in Pakistan:
(a) Compulsory
(b) Voluntary
(c) Required.
(13) Retained earning is synonymous to:
(a) Accumulated profit and loss account
(b) Profit for the year
(c) None of these.
(14) The requirements of an audit report for a Banking Company in Pakistan is under:
(a) Under the Banking Companies Ordinance, 1962.
(b) Under the Companies Ordinance, 1984.
(c) Under (a) and (b) above.
(15) Deferred Taxation is:
(a) Fixed asset
(b) Fixed liabilities
(c) Part of Owners Equity.
(16) Investment Corporation of Pakistan follows:
(a) Open-end mutual funds
(b) Closed-end mutual funds
(c) None of these.
(17) Directors Report is ---- in respect of financial report constituent.
(a) Mandatory for a limited Company
(b) Voluntary for a limited Company
(c) None of these.
(18) Every limited Company in Pakistan is required by law to include the following along
with financial reports:
(a) Ratio Analysis
(b) Chairmans Review
(c) None of these.

(19) Cash budget excludes the following:

(a) Non-Cash items
(b) Cash items
(c) Purchase on Credit items.
(20) NGOs are legally required to:
(a) Prepare accounts in a prescribed manner under the law.(b) Prepare accounts as
desired by donors.
(c) None of these.
1. Fixed Cost:
a. Changes with production
b. Never changes even if production capacity is doubled
c. None of the above
2. Conversion cost is:
a. Material Cost + Overhead Cost
b. Direct Labour + Material Cost
c. Labour Cost + Overhead Cost
3. Process Costing is relevant to:
a. Cement industry
b. Job Order cost oriented Projects
c. None of the above
4. Operating Profit is:
a. Profit after deducting financial costs
b. Profit after deducting taxes
c. Profit after deducting normal operating expenses including depreciation
5. A good Cost Accounting System is:
a. If it computes estimated cost only
b. If it cannot be reconciled with financial accounts
c. If it enables management to increase productivity and rationalize cost
structure
6. Verification includes:
a. Checking Vouchers
b. Examining audit report
c. None of the above
7. Stratified audit sample means:
a. Randomly selected items for audit
b. Purposively selected items for audit
c. Items carefully selected from each group
8. Internal Control is totally synonymous with:
a. Internal check
b. Internal audit
c. None of above

9. Audit of a bank is generally conducted through:

a. Routine checking
b. Couching
c. Balance sheet audit
10. An auditor is liable for his annual audit of accounts o:
a. Creditors
b. Bankers
c. Owners
11. Income Tax is levied on:
a. Agricultural Income
b. Presumptive Income
c. None of above
12. If a firm has paid super-tax, its partners may follow any one of the following
behaviours:
a. No need to pay income tax, even if the income exceeds the taxable limit.
b. Pay income tax, even if the income does not exceed the taxable income.
c. Pay income tax as required under the law.
13. A resident multinational company need not:
a. Pay income tax, if it s caused under Double Taxation agreement.
b. If it is not enjoying tax exemption under the Income Tax Ordinance, 1979 (Second
Schedule).
c. None of above
14. Income Tax rates are the same for:
a. Limited Companies
b. Banking Companies
c. None of above
15. Super Tax on companies is:
a. In vogue in Pakistan
b. Not in vogue in Pakistan
c. None of above
16. Current Ratio is calculated as:
a. Fixed Assets/Current Liabilities
b. Current Liabilities/Current Assets
c. Current Assets/Current Liabilities
17. Short-term loan can be described as:
a. If the period is three years
b. If the period is less than one year
c. If the period is over one year
18. A partnership, in todays Pakistan, under the current law can have the following
number of partners:
a. 50
b. 20
c. 100

19. Combination can be best described as:

a. Restructuring of Capital of a Company
b. Reduction of Capital of a Company
c. Amalgamation of two different types of businesses
20. Sources of funds can be increased by:
a. Describing selling prices
b. Increasing expenditure
c. None of above
Write only the correct answer in the Answer Book. Do not reproduce the questions.
(1) Books of original entry are called:
(a) Ledger
(b) Work sheets
(c) Journal
(d) None of these
(2) For preparing balance sheets prepaid expenses are shown as part of:
(a) Liability
(b) Equities
(c) Assets
(d) None of these
(3) Unpaid and unrecorded expenses are called:
(a) Prepaid expenses
(b) Accrued expenses
(c) Additional expenses
(d) None of these
(4) Amount, cash, or other assets removed from business by owner is:
(a) Capital
(b) Drawings
(c) Assets
(d) None of these
(5) Under the diminishing balance method, depreciation amount is:
(a) Payment
(b) Receipt
(c) Expenditure
(d) None of these
(6) Users of accounting information include:
(a) The tax authorities
(b) Investors
(c) Creditors

(d) All of these

(7) The business form(s) in which the owner(s) is (are) personally liable is (are) the:
(a) Partnership only
(b) Proprietorship
(c) Corporation only
(d) Partnership and proprietorship
(e) None of these
(8) The investment of personal assets by the owner:
(a) Increases total assets and increases owners equity
(b) Increases total assets only
(c) Has no effect on assets but increases owners equity
(d) Increase assets and liabilities
(e) None of these
(9) All of the following are forms of organizations except:
(a) Proprietorship
(b) Corporation
(c) Retailer
(d) Partnership
(e) None of these
(10) Economic resources of a business that are expected to be of benefit in the future are
referred to as:
(a) Liabilities
(b) Owners equity
(c) Withdrawals
(d) Assets
(e) None of these
(11) An owner investment of land into the business would:
(a) Decrease withdrawals
(b) Increase liabilities
(c) Increase owners equity
(d) Decrease assets
(e) None of these
(12) A cash purchase of supplies would:
(a) Decrease owners equity
(b) Increase liabilities
(c) Have no effect on total assets
(d) None of these
(13) An owner investment of each into the business would:
(a) Increase assets

(b) Decrease liabilities

(c) Increase withdrawals
(d) Decrease owners equity
(e) None of these
(14) The payment of rent each month for office space would:
(a) Decrease total assets
(b) Increase liabilities
(c) Increase owners equity
(d) None of these
(15) Real accounts are related to:
(a) Assets
(b) Expenses and incomes
(c) Customers and Creditors etc.
(d) None of these
(16) Which one of the following accounts would usually have a debit balance?
(a) Cash
(b) Creditors
(c) Accounts payable
(d) Salaries Expenses
(e) None of these
(17) Quick assets include which of the following?
(a) Cash
(b) Accounts Receivable
(c) Inventories
(d) Only (a) and (b)
(e) None of these
(18) Net income plus operating expenses is equal to:
(a) Net sales
(b) Cost of goods available for sale
(c) Cost of goods sold
(d) Gross profit
(e) None of these
(19) The maximum number of partners in Pakistan can be fixed at the following:
(a) 20
(b) 50
(c) 75
(d) None of these
(20) Balance sheet is always prepared:
(a) For the year ended

(b) As on a specific date

(c) None of these
Write only the correct answer in the Answer Book. Do not reproduce the questions.
(1) The measureable value of an alternative use of resources is referred to as:
(a) An opportunity cost
(b) An imputed cost
(c) A different cost
(d) A sunk cost
(e) None of these
(2) A quantitative expression of management objectives is an:
(a) Organizational chart
(b)Management chart
(c) Budget
(d) Procedural chart
(e) None of these
(3) A cost center is:
(a) A unit of production in relation to which costs are ascertained
(b) A location which is responsible for controlling direct costs
(c) Part of the factory overhead system by which costs are gathered
(d) Any location or department which incurs cost
(e) None of these
(4) At break-even point of 400 units sold the variable costs were Rs. 400 and the fixed costs
were Rs.200. What will be the 401 units sold contributing to profit before income tax?
(a) Rs. 0.00
(b) Rs. 0.50
(c) Rs. 1.00
(d) Rs. 1.50
(e) None of these
(5) In considering a special order situation that will enable a company to make use of
currently idle capacity, which of the following cost will be irrelevant:
(a) Materials
(b) Depreciation
(c) Direct labour
(d) Variable factory overhead
(e) None of these
(6) A fixed cost:
(a) May change in total when such change is not related to changes in production
(b) Will not change in total because it is not related to changes in production
(c) Is constant per unit for each unit of change in production

(d) May change in total, depending on production with the relevant range
(e) None of these
(7) Completion of a job is result in:
(a) DR finished goods .. CR WIP
(b) DR Cost of goods ... CR finished goods
(c) DR WIP ..... CR FOH control
(d) DR FOH control ... CR FOH applied
(e) None of these
(8) Operating cost in often named as:
(a) Manufacturing cost plus commercial expenses
(b) Prime cost plus factory overheads
(c) Direct material plus direct labour
(d) Selling plus administrative expenses
(e) None of these
(9) Expenses such as rent and depreciation of a building are shared by several departments
these are:
(a) Indirect expenses
(b) Direct expenses
(c) Joint expenses
(d) All of the above
(e) None of these
(10) If under applied FOH is closed to cost of goods sold, the journal entry is:
(a) DR Cost of goods sold .. CR FOH control
(b) DR FOH control .... CR Cost of goods sold
(c) DR FOH control .... CR Profit % loss account
(d) None of these
(11) Re-order quantity 3600 units
Maximum consumption ... 900 units per week
Minimum comsumption ....300 units per week
Re-order period ..5 weeks
Based on this data Re-order level is:
(a) 4500 units
(b) 3900 units
(c) 1200 units
(d) 400 units
(e) None of these
(12) The time lag between indenting and receiving material is called:
(a) Lead time
(b) Idle time
(c) Stock out time

(d) None of these

(13) A credit balance remaining in FOH Control account is called:
(a) Over-applied overhead
(b) Under-applied overhead
(c) Actual overhead
(d) None of these
(14) Direct material cost plus direct labour cost is called:
(a) Prime cost
(b) Conversion cost
(c) Product cost
(d) All of these
(e) None of these
(15) Productivity means:
(a) The ability to produce
(b) All units produced
(c) Good units produced
(d) None of these
(16) A segment of the business that generates both revenue and cost is called:
(a) Profit Center
(b) Cost Center
(c) Cost driver
(d) All of these
(e) None of these
(17) Verification includes:
(a) Checking vouchers
(b) Examining audit report
(c) None of these
(18) Audit of a bank is generally conducted through:
(a) Routine checking
(b) Vouching
(c) Balance sheet audit
(d) None of these
(19) Economics resources of a business that are expected to be of benefit in the future are
referred to as:
(a) Liabilities
(b) Owners equity
(c) Withdrawals
(d) Assets
(e) None of these

(20) Short term Loan can be best described as:

(a) If the period is three years
(b) If the period is less than one year
(c) If the period is over one year
(d) None of these

(1) Maximum number of partners in a partnership firm set up in Pakistan under Partnership
Act, 1932 is:
(a) 5
(b) 25
(c) 20
(d) None of these
(2) Preparation of final financial reports is governed in Pakistan under:
(a) No law
(b) Companies Ordinance 1984
(c) None of these
(3) Depreciation is based on:
(a) Economic life of asset
(b) Declared life of asset by supplier
(c) Normal life of asset
(d) None of these
(4) Inventory turnover is calculated as under:
(a) Cost of Goods sold/Closing Inventory
(b) Gross profit/Closing Inventory
(c) Sales/Opening Inventory
(d) None of these
(5) There is a difference between:
(a) Worksheet and Balance Sheet
(b) Worksheet and profit and loss account
(c) Worksheet as combination of results of profits and financial positions
(d) None of these
(6) Deferred Revenue is:
(a) Liability
(b) Asset
(c) None of these
(7) Preparation of annual report of a firm is governed under:
(a) Partnership Act 1932
(b) Under partnership Deed

(c) None of these

(8) Deferred Taxation amount be treated as:
(a) Foot note
(b) An item in the Balance Sheet on asset side
(c) None of these
(9) Return of Equity will be calculated as under:
(a) Operating Profit x 100/Equity
(b) Net profit x 100/Paid up Capital only
(c) None of these
(10) Current maturity of long term loan is:
(a) Current Liability
(b) Long Term Liability
(c) None of these
(1) Acid Test Ratio is calculated as under:
(a) Current Assets/Current Liabilities
(b) Fixed Assets/Current Liabilities
(c) Liquid Assets/Current Liabilities
(d) None of these
(2) Deferred cost is a:
(a) Liability
(b)Asset
(c) None of these
(3) Work Sheet is:
(a) Balance Sheet
(b) Fund Flows Statement
(c) A combination of Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet items
(d) None of these
(4) Banks, for the preparation of financial statements, are governed under:
(a) Banking Companies Ordinance, 1962
(b) State Bank of Pakistan Act
(c) None of these
(5) Return on investment is computed:
(a) Investment/Profit x 100
(b) Profit x 100/Investment
(c) None of these

Accounting & Auditing Paper-II (2003)

Write only the correct answer in the Answer Book. Do not reproduce the questions.

(1) Rent of the premises constitutes variable expenses for cost allocation:
(a) True
(b) False
(2) Sugar used in a sugarcane company is:
(a) Variable cost
(b) Fixed cost
(c) None of these
(3) An auditor is liable under the following circumstances:
(a) Third Party Liabilities
(b) Fraud perpetrated in highly sophisticated circumstances
(c) None of these
(4) Agricultural income is taxable under the Income Tax Laws of Pakistan:
(a) True
(b) False
(5) Principal and markup payment within one year constitutes long term liability for
disclosure in the balance sheet of a company.
(a) True
(b) False
(6) Ordinarily one can have the following partners in a partnership in Pakistan under the
Partnership Act 1932.
(a) 10
(b) 20
(c) 30
(d) None of these
(7) Working Capital finance can be termed as Running Finance in a limited company.
(a) True
(b) False
(8) Income from Capital gains arising out of trading on a stock strange in Pakistan is taxable
these days:
(a) True
(b) False
(9) Conversion Cost is calculated as under:
(a) Labour Plus Materials
(b) Labour plus overheads
(c) None of these
(10) Current Ratio can be calculated as under:
(a) Current Liabilities/Current Assets

(b) Current Assets/Current Liabilities

(c) None of these

FPSC Senior Auditors Test Preparation Basic Accounting Terms and Questions for Test
Definition of accounting: the art of recording, classifying and summarizing in a significant manner
and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part at least of a financial character
and interpreting the results there of.
2. Book keeping: It is mainly concerned with recording of financial data relating to the business
operations in a significant and orderly manner.
3. Concepts of accounting:
A. Separate entity concept
B. Going concern concept
C. Money measurement concept
D. Cost concept
E. Dual aspect concept
F. Accounting period concept
G. Periodic matching of costs and revenue concept
H. Realization concept.
4 Conventions of accounting:
A. Conservatism
B. Full disclosure
C. Consistency
D. Materiality
5. Systems of book keeping:
A. single entry system
B. double entry system
6. Systems of accounting:
A. Cash system accounting
B. Mercantile system of accounting.
7. Principles of accounting:
A. Personal a/c: Debit the receiver
Credit the giver
B. Real a/c: Debit what comes in
Credit what goes out
C. Nominal a/c: Debit all expenses and losses
Credit all gains and incomes
8. Meaning of journal: Journal means chronological record of transactions.
9. Meaning of ledger: Ledger is a set of accounts. It contains all accounts of the business enterprise
whether real, nominal, personal.

10. Posting: It means transferring the debit and credit items from the journal to their respective
accounts in the ledger.
11. Trial balance: Trial balance is a statement containing the various ledger balances on a particular
date.
12. Credit note: The customer when returns the goods get credit for the value of the goods returned.
A credit note is sent to him intimating that his a/c has been credited with the value of the goods
returned.
13. Debit note: When the goods are returned to the supplier, a debit note is sent to him indicating
that his a/c has been debited with the amount mentioned in the debit note.
14. Contra entry: Which accounting entry is recorded on both the debit and credit side of the
cashbook is known as the contra entry.
15. Petty cash book: Petty cash is maintained by business to record petty cash expenses of the
business, such as postage, cartage, stationery, etc.
16. Promissory note: an instrument in writing containing an unconditional undertaking signed by the
maker, to pay certain sum of money only to or to the order of a certain person or to the barer of the
instrument.
17. Cheque: A bill of exchange drawn on a specified banker and payable on demand.
18. Stale Cheque: A stale cheque means not valid of cheque that means more than six months the
cheque is not valid.
20. Bank reconciliation statement: It is a statement reconciling the balance as shown by the bank
passbook and the balance as shown by the Cash Book. Obj: to know the difference & pass
necessary correcting, adjusting entries in the books.
21. Matching concept: Matching means requires proper matching of expense with the revenue.
22. Capital income: The term capital income means an income which does not grow out of or pertain
to the running of the business proper.
23. Revenue income: The income, which arises out of and in the course of the regular business
transactions of a concern.
24. Capital expenditure: It means an expenditure which has been incurred for the purpose of
obtaining a long term advantage for the business.
25. Revenue expenditure: An expenditure that incurred in the course of regular business
transactions of a concern.
26. Differed revenue expenditure: An expenditure, which is incurred during an accounting period but
is applicable further periods also. Eg: heavy advertisement.
27. Bad debts: Bad debts denote the amount lost from debtors to whom the goods were sold on
credit.
28. Depreciation: Depreciation denotes gradually and permanent decrease in the value of asset due
to wear and tear, technology changes, laps of time and accident.
29. Fictitious assets: These are assets not represented by tangible possession or property.
Examples of preliminary expenses, discount on issue of shares, debit balance in the profit And loss
account when shown on the assets side in the balance sheet.
30. Intangible Assets: Intangible assets mean the assets which is not having the physical

appearance. And its have the real value, it shown on the assets side of the balance sheet.
31. Accrued Income: Accrued income means income which has been earned by the business during
the accounting year but which has not yet been due and, therefore, has not been received.
32. Outstanding Income: Outstanding Income means income which has become due during the
accounting year but which has not so far been received by the firm.
33. Suspense account: The suspense account is an account to which the difference in the trial
balance has been put temporarily.
34. Depletion: It implies removal of an available but not replaceable source, Such as extracting coal
from a coal mine.
35. Amortization: The process of writing of intangible assets is term as amortization.
36. Dilapidation: The term dilapidation to damage done to a building or other property during
tenancy.
37. Capital employed: The term capital employed means sum of total long term funds employed in
the business. i.e.
(Share capital+ reserves & surplus +long term loans (non business assets + fictitious assets)
38. Equity shares: Those shares which are not having pref. rights are called equity shares.
39. Pref.shares: Those shares which are carrying the pref.rights are called pref. shares Pref.rights in
respect of fixed dividend. Pref.right to repayment of capital in the event of company winding up.
40. Leverage: It is a force applied at a particular work to get the desired result.
41. Operating leverage: the operating leverage takes place when a changes in revenue greater
changes in EBIT.
42. Financial leverage: it is nothing but a process of using debt capital to increase the rate of return
on equity
43. Combine leverage: It is used to measure of the total risk of the firm = operating risk + financial
risk.
44. Joint venture: A joint venture is an association of two or more the persons who combined for the
execution of a specific transaction and divide the profit or loss their of an agreed ratio.
45. Partnership: Partnership is the relation b/w the persons who have agreed to share the profits of
business carried on by all or any of them acting for all.
46. Factoring: It is an arrangement under which a firm (called borrower) receives advances against
its receivables, from financial institutions (called factor)
47. Capital reserve: The reserve which transferred from the capital gains is called capital reserve.
48. General reserve: the reserve which is transferred from normal profits of the firm is called general
reserve
49. Free Cash: The cash not for any specific purpose free from any encumbrance like surplus cash.
50. Minority Interest: Minority interest refers to the equity of the minority shareholders in a subsidiary
company.
51. Capital receipts: Capital receipts may be defined as non-recurring receipts from the owner of the
business or lender of the money crating a liability to either of them.
52. Revenue receipts: Revenue receipts may defined as A recurring receipts against sale of goods
in the normal course of business and which generally the result of the trading activities.

53. Meaning of Company: A company is an association of many persons who contribute money or
moneys worth to common stock and employs it for a common purpose. The common stock so
contributed is denoted in money and is the capital of the company.
54. Types of a company:
1. Statutory companies
2. Government company
3. Foreign company
4. Registered companies:
A. Companies limited by shares
B. Companies limited by guarantee
C. Unlimited companies
D. private company
E. public company
55. Private company: A private co. is which by its AOA: Restricts the right of the members to transfer
of shares Limits the no. Of members 50. Prohibits any Invitation to the public to subscribe for its
shares or debentures.
56. Public company: A company, the articles of association of which does not contain the requisite
restrictions to make it a private limited company, is called a public company.
57. Characteristics of a company:
> Voluntary association
> Separate legal entity
> Free transfer of shares
> Limited liability
> Common seal
> Perpetual existence.
58. Formation of company:
> Promotion
> Incorporation
> Commencement of business
59. Equity share capital: The total sum of equity shares is called equity share capital.
60. Authorized share capital: It is the maximum amount of the share capital, which a company can
raise for the time being.
61. Issued capital: It is that part of the authorized capital, which has been allotted to the public for
subscriptions.
62. Subscribed capital: it is the part of the issued capital, which has been allotted to the public
63. Called up capital: It has been portion of the subscribed capital which has been called up by the
company.
64. Paid up capital: It is the portion of the called up capital against which payment has been
received.
65. Debentures: Debenture is a certificate issued by a company under its seal acknowledging a debt
due by it to its holder.

66. Cash profit: cash profit is the profit it is occurred from the cash sales.
67. Deemed public Ltd. Company: A private company is a subsidiary company to public company it
satisfies the following terms/conditions Sec 3(1)3:
1. Having minimum share capital 5 lakhs
2. Accepting investments from the public
3. No restriction of the transferable of shares
4. No restriction of no. of members.
5. Accepting deposits from the investors
68. Secret reserves: Secret reserves are reserves the existence of which does not appear on the
face of balance sheet. In such a situation, net assets position of the business is stronger than that
disclosed by the balance sheet.
These reserves are created by:
1. Excessive depot an asset, excessive over-valuation of a liability.
2. Complete elimination of an asset, or under valuation of an asset.
69. Provision: provision usually means any amount written off or retained by way of providing
depreciation, renewals or diminutions in the value of assets or retained by way of providing for any
known liability of which the amount cannot be determined with substantial accuracy.
70. Reserve: The provision in excess of the amount considered necessary for the purpose it was
originally made is also considered as reserve Provision is charge against profits while reserves is an
appropriation of profits Creation of reserve increase proprietors fund while creation of provisions
decreases his funds in the business.
71. Reserve fund: The term reserve fund means such reserve against which clearly investment etc.,
72. Undisclosed reserves: Sometimes a reserve is created but its identity is merged with some other
a/c or group of accounts so that the existence of the reserve is not known such reserve is called an
undisclosed reserve.
73. Finance management: Financial management deals with procurement of funds and their
effective utilization in business.
74. Objectives of financial management: financial management having two objectives that Is:
1. Profit maximization: The finance manager has to make his decisions in a manner so that the
profits of the concern are maximized.
2. Wealth maximization: Wealth maximization means the objective of a firm should be to maximize
its value or wealth, or value of a firm is represented by the market price of its common stock.
75. Functions of financial manager:
> Investment decision
> Dividend decision
> Finance decision
> Cash management decisions
> Performance evaluation
> Market impact analysis
76. Time value of money: The time value of money means that worth of a rupee received today is
different from the worth of a rupee to be received in future.

77. Capital structure: It refers to the mix of sources from where the long-term funds required in a
business may be raised; in other words, it refers to the proportion of debt, preference capital and
equity capital.
78. Optimum capital structure: Capital structure is optimum when the firm has a combination of
equity and debt so that the wealth of the firm is maximum.
79. Wacc: It denotes weighted average cost of capital. It is defined as the overall cost of capital
computed by reference to the proportion of each component of capital as weights.
80. Financial break-even point: It denotes the level at which a firms EBIT is just sufficient to cover
interest and preference dividend.
81. Capital budgeting: Capital budgeting involves the process of decision making with regard to
investment in fixed assets. Or decision making with regard to investment of money in long term
projects.
82. Payback period: Payback period represents the time period required for complete recovery of the
initial investment in the project.
83. ARR: Accounting or average rates of return means the average annual yield on the project.
84. NPV: The Net present value of an investment proposal is defined as the sum of the present
values of all future cash inflows less the sum of the present values of all cash out flows associated
with the proposal.
85. Profitability index: Where different investment proposal each involving different initial investments
and cash inflows are to be compared.
86. IRR: Internal rate of return is the rate at which the sum total of discounted cash inflows equals
the discounted cash out flow.
87. Treasury management: It means it is defined as the efficient management of liquidity and
financial risk in business.
88. Concentration banking: It means identify locations or places where customers are placed and
open a local bank a/c in each of these locations and open local collection canter.
89. Marketable securities: Surplus cash can be invested in short term instruments in order to earn
interest.
90. Ageing schedule: In an ageing schedule the receivables are classified according to their age.
91. Maximum permissible bank finance (MPBF): It is the maximum amount that banks can lend a
borrower towards his working capital requirements.
92. Commercial paper: A cp is a short term promissory note issued by a company, negotiable by
endorsement and delivery, issued at a discount on face value as may be determined by the issuing
company.
93. Bridge finance: It refers to the loans taken by the company normally from commercial banks for a
short period pending disbursement of loans sanctioned by the financial institutions.
94. Venture capital: It refers to the financing of high-risk ventures promoted by new qualified
entrepreneurs who require funds to give shape to their ideas.
95. Debt securitization: It is a mode of financing, where in securities are issued on the basis of a
package of assets (called asset pool).
96. Lease financing: Leasing is a contract where one party (owner) purchases assets and permits its

views by another party (lessee) over a specified period

97. Trade Credit: It represents credit granted by suppliers of goods, in the normal course of
business.
98. Over draft: Under this facility a fixed limit is granted within which the borrower allowed to
overdraw from his account.
99. Cash credit: It is an arrangement under which a customer is allowed an advance up to certain
limit against credit granted by bank.
100. Clean overdraft: It refers to an advance by way of overdraft facility, but not back by any tangible
security.
(1) Books of original entry are called:
(a) Ledger
(b) Work sheets
(c) Journal
(d) None of these
(2) For preparing balance sheets prepaid expenses are shown as part of:
(a) Liability
(b) Equities
(c) Assets
(d) None of these
(3) Unpaid and unrecorded expenses are called:
(a) Prepaid expenses
(b) Accrued expenses
(c) Additional expenses
(d) None of these
(4) Amount, cash, or other assets removed from business by owner is:
(a) Capital
(b) Drawings
(c) Assets
(d) None of these
(5) Under the diminishing balance method, depreciation amount is:
(a) Payment
(b) Receipt
(c) Expenditure
(d) None of these
(6) Users of accounting information include:
(a) The tax authorities
(b) Investors
(c) Creditors
(d) All of these

(7) The business form(s) in which the owner(s) is (are) personally liable is (are) the:
(a) Partnership only
(b) Proprietorship
(c) Corporation only
(d) Partnership and proprietorship
(e) None of these
(8) The investment of personal assets by the owner:
(a) Increases total assets and increases owners equity
(b) Increases total assets only
(c) Has no effect on assets but increases owners equity
(d) Increase assets and liabilities
(e) None of these
(9) All of the following are forms of organizations except:
(a) Proprietorship
(b) Corporation
(c) Retailer
(d) Partnership
(e) None of these
(10) Economic resources of a business that are expected to be of benefit in the future are referred to
as:
(a) Liabilities
(b) Owners equity
(c) Withdrawals
(d) Assets
(e) None of these
(11) An owner investment of land into the business would:
(a) Decrease withdrawals
(b) Increase liabilities
(c) Increase owners equity
(d) Decrease assets
(e) None of these
(12) A cash purchase of supplies would:
(a) Decrease owners equity
(b) Increase liabilities
(c) Have no effect on total assets
(d) None of these
(13) An owner investment of each into the business would:
(a) Increase assets
(b) Decrease liabilities
(c) Increase withdrawals
(d) Decrease owners equity

(e) None of these

(14) The payment of rent each month for office space would:
(a) Decrease total assets
(b) Increase liabilities
(c) Increase owners equity
(d) None of these
(15) Real accounts are related to:
(a) Assets
(b) Expenses and incomes
(c) Customers and Creditors etc.
(d) None of these
(16) Which one of the following accounts would usually have a debit balance?
(a) Cash
(b) Creditors
(c) Accounts payable
(d) Salaries Expenses
(e) None of these
(17) Quick assets include which of the following?
(a) Cash
(b) Accounts Receivable
(c) Inventories
(d) Only (a) and (b)
(e) None of these
(18) Net income plus operating expenses is equal to:
(a) Net sales
(b) Cost of goods available for sale
(c) Cost of goods sold
(d) Gross profit
(e) None of these
(19) The maximum number of partners in Pakistan can be fixed at the following:
(a) 20
(b) 50
(c) 75
(d) None of these
(20) Balance sheet is always prepared:
(a) For the year ended
(b) As on a specific date
(c) None of these
(1) The measureable value of an alternative use of resources is referred to as:
(a) An opportunity cost
(b) An imputed cost

(c) A different cost

(d) A sunk cost
(e) None of these
(a) Organizational chart
(b)Management chart
(c) Budget
(d) Procedural chart
(e) None of these
(3) A cost center is:
(a) A unit of production in relation to which costs are ascertained
(b) A location which is responsible for controlling direct costs
(c) Part of the factory overhead system by which costs are gathered
(d) Any location or department which incurs cost
(e) None of these
(4) At break-even point of 400 units sold the variable costs were Rs. 400 and the fixed costs were
Rs.200. What will be the 401 units sold contributing to profit before income tax?
(a) Rs. 0.00
(b) Rs. 0.50
(c) Rs. 1.00
(d) Rs. 1.50
(e) None of these
(5) In considering a special order situation that will enable a company to make use of currently idle
capacity, which of the following cost will be irrelevant:
(a) Materials
(b) Depreciation
(c) Direct labour
(d) Variable factory overhead
(e) None of these
(6) A fixed cost:
(a) May change in total when such change is not related to changes in production
(b) Will not change in total because it is not related to changes in production
(c) Is constant per unit for each unit of change in production
(d) May change in total, depending on production with the relevant range
(e) None of these
(7) Completion of a job is result in:
(a) DR finished goods .. CR WIP
(b) DR Cost of goods CR finished goods
(c) DR WIP ..... CR FOH control
(d) DR FOH control ... CR FOH applied
(e) None of these

(8) Operating cost in often named as:

(a) Manufacturing cost plus commercial expenses
(b) Prime cost plus factory overheads
(c) Direct material plus direct labour
(d) Selling plus administrative expenses
(e) None of these
(9) Expenses such as rent and depreciation of a building are shared by several departments these
are:
(a) Indirect expenses
(b) Direct expenses
(c) Joint expenses
(d) All of the above
(e) None of these
(10) If under applied FOH is closed to cost of goods sold, the journal entry is:
(a) DR Cost of goods sold .. CR FOH control
(b) DR FOH control .... CR Cost of goods sold
(c) DR FOH control .... CR Profit % loss account
(d) None of these
(11) Re-order quantity 3600 units
Maximum consumption 900 units per week
Minimum comsumption .300 units per week
Re-order period ..5 weeks
Based on this data Re-order level is:
(a) 4500 units
(b) 3900 units
(c) 1200 units
(d) 400 units
(e) None of these
(12) The time lag between indenting and receiving material is called:
(a) Lead time
(b) Idle time
(c) Stock out time
(d) None of these
(13) A credit balance remaining in FOH Control account is called:
(a) Over-applied overhead
(b) Under-applied overhead
(c) Actual overhead
(d) None of these
(14) Direct material cost plus direct labour cost is called:
(a) Prime cost
(b) Conversion cost

(c) Product cost

(d) All of these
(e) None of these
(15) Productivity means:
(a) The ability to produce
(b) All units produced
(c) Good units produced
(d) None of these
(16) A segment of the business that generates both revenue and cost is called:
(a) Profit Center
(b) Cost Center
(c) Cost driver
(d) All of these
(e) None of these
(17) Verification includes:
(a) Checking vouchers
(b) Examining audit report
(c) None of these
(18) Audit of a bank is generally conducted through:
(a) Routine checking
(b) Vouching
(c) Balance sheet audit
(d) None of these
(19) Economics resources of a business that are expected to be of benefit in the future are referred
to as:
(a) Liabilities
(b) Owners equity
(c) Withdrawals
(d) Assets
(e) None of these