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CAPSULES

-moisture percentage: 4%-10%

-solid dosage forms in which the


API and excipients are enclosed
within a small shell of gelatin
-shell is usually made up of gelatin,
but can also be made from starch
or other suitable substances

HARD GELATIN CAPSULES


-made up of gelatin, sugar and
water
-can be
tasteless

clear,

colorless

and

-colored capsule: uses FD&C/ D&C


dyes (*FD&C: Food, Drug &
Cosmetics;
D&C:
Drug
&
Cosmetics)
-opaque capsule: uses Titanium
Dioxide,
Sulfur
Dioxide
to
conceal solid contents
-parts: body and cap (*the body is
the longest)
-moisture percentage: 13%-16%

SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES


-made up of gelatin
-more pliable due to glycerin or
polyhydric alcohol (i.e. sorbitol) ->
acts as a plasticizer
-usually filled with a liquid or a
solid suspended in a liquid vehicle
for oral use (i.e. vegetable oil) or
non-aqueous
water
miscible
glycol
(i.e.
polyethylene
glycol/400)
-preparation: can be seen in the
manufacturing firms

CAPSULE SIZES
SIZE

AMT (gr)

000

15

00

10

7.5

** sizes 0-000: commonly used in


vets
**size 1: starting point for humans

METHODS
1.)PUNCH METHOD
-used in hard-gel capsules
-The ingredients are triturated to
the same particle size and then
mixed by geometric dilution.
2.)CAPSULE FILLING METHOD
-used in soft-gel capsules
-capable of filling 2000 capsules
per hour. Useful for clinical drug

Abigail Beatrice H. Lumbao|2DPH|PHAR3-CAPSULES

trial
lots
production.

and

small

scale

transfer of the powder blend into


capsule shells
-ex.
Lactose,
cellulose, starch

microcrystalline

2.)DISINTEGRANTS
-frequently added to assist the
breakup and distribution of the
capsules content in the stomach

EXPERIMENT PROPER

-ex.
Pregelatinized
croscarmellose,
sodium
glycolate

ASPIRIN

starch,
starch

-aka: Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)


-USP No. :

TABLETS VS. LIQUIDS (CAPSULES)

-Uses:
Antidiuretic;
Prevents
transient ischemic attack (TIA)

1.)HARD GELATIN CAPSULE WITH


TABLETS

-pure form: white crystalline

-The process may be done to


separate chemically incompatible
agents or to add premeasured
amounts
of
potent
drug
substances.

-white, odorless, powder


-Percentage used: 93%-107%
-Capsule sized used: 1

2.)HARD GELATIN CAPSULE WITH


LIQUID INGREDIENTS

-Label: White (Internal Use)


-Container: Hard-gel Capsule; 15mL wide mouth amber bottle

POST-LAB
EXAMPLES OF
DISINTEGRANTS

DILUENTS

AND

1.)DILUENTS/FILLERS
- Improved plug formation and
compression
-Often provides cohesion to the
powders, which is beneficial in the

-Some liquids, such as, fixed or


volatile oils, can be used as they do
not interfere with the solubility of
the gelatin shells.
TABLETS

LIQUID
INGREDIENTS

1.) Pharmacist may


choose to insert a
prefabricated tablet of
the desired strength in
each capsule rather
than weighing a potent
drug.
2.)Other less potent

1.) The liquid substance


may be sealed with a
solution of gelatin thinly
coating the interface of
the cap to ensure
retention of the liquid.

Abigail Beatrice H. Lumbao|2DPH|PHAR3-CAPSULES

2.)The liquid may then

agents and diluents


may be then weighed

be placed in capsules I
the usual manner.

and added.

Abigail Beatrice H. Lumbao|2DPH|PHAR3-CAPSULES

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