Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunications

(PPET)

Cognitive Radio Technology : An

Overview

Motivation
Fixed Spectrum
Allocation policy

Spectrum
white spaces

Inefficient spectrum utilization

Dynamic Spectrum
Allocation (DSA) policy
Cognitive Radio Technology

Definition
Cognitive radio is a wireless communication system which is
aware of the environment and its changes and can adapt its
transmission parameters accordingly.

Cognitive Capability: The ability to sense the unused

spectrum at a specific time and location (spectrum hole)
Reconfigurability: The ability to receive and transmit at
different frequency band enables the cognitive radio to
reconfigure its parameters and select the best band.

Definition

Definition

Cognitive Cycle
Transmitted Signal
Radio Environment
RF
Stimuli
Spectrum
Mobility

Primary User Detection

Spectrum
Sensing
Decision Request
Spectrum Hole

Spectrum
Sharing
Channel Capacity
Spectrum
Decision

Spectrum Management Framework

Spectrum sensing functions :
How to identify PU ?
How to do sensing control ?
Spectrum
Sensing

CRs
arrival
& RF
info

Spectrum decision functions :

How to characterize the spectrum ?
How to reconfigure the spectrum ?
Spectrum
Decision

Spectrum
management
framework

Spectrum
Mobility

Spectrum mobility functions :

How to perform spectrum handoff ?
How to do connection management ?

Spectrum
Sharing
Spectrum sharing functions :
How to do spectrum access?
How to allocate resources ?
How to do channel selection ?

Spectrum Management Framework

Spectrum Sensing
Spectrum sensing aims to :
Monitor the available
spectrum bands.
Capture spectrum bands
information.
Detect the spectrum holes.

Spectrum Sensing
Spectrum sensing Techniques :
Spectrum Sensing

Primary
Receiver
detection

Matched
filter
detection

Primary
Transmitter
detection

Energy
detection

Cooperative
detection

Cyclostationary
feature
detection

Interferencebased
detection

Other
methods

Spectrum Decision
The main functions of spectrum decision :
Spectrum characterization
The spectrum is characterized by PU activity and spectrum
sensing
Ex : the spectrum hole is characterized by received signal
strength, interference, path loss and number of PU using the
spectrum.
Spectrum selection selecting the best spectrum out of the
available.
The spectrum selection in CR adhoc networks is more
challenging as there are many combinations of route and
spectrum between source and destination.
Routing protocol and reconfiguring the routing and
transmission parameters are reconfigured for optimizing the
spectrum decision in CR network.

Spectrum Sharing
The spectrum sharing deals with maintaining the QoS by
avoiding the collision of multiple CRs attempting to access the
channel with coordination.
The main functions : spectrum access, resource allocation
and channel selection
The spectrum access includes avoiding collision of CRs in
access phase.
The resource allocation includes channel selection and
power allocation.
The spectrum sharing in CR networks can be done by the
process of game theory (an example).

Spectrum Mobility
CRs need to switch from one spectrum band to another
available spectrum, which known as spectrum mobility.
The main functions : spectrum handoff and connection
management

Thank You!

Questions ?