April 2016 ASEAN Economic Community AEC Chartbook 2015 PDF

ASEAN Economic Community
Chartbook 2015
one vision
one identity
one community
Chartbook 2015
The ASEAN Secretariat

Jakarta
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967. The Member States of the Association are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia,
Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia.
For inquiries, contact:
The ASEAN Secretariat
Community Relations Division (CORD)
70A Jalan Sisingamangaraja
Jakarta 12110
Indonesia
Phone
: (62 21) 724-3372, 726-2991
Fax
: (62 21) 739-8234, 724-3504
E-mail
: public@asean.org
Catalogue-in-Publication Data
ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015
Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, April 2016
339.959
1. ASEAN Statistics
2. Economics Trade Investment
ISBN 978-602-0980-69-0
General information on ASEAN appears online at the ASEAN Website: www.asean.org
The text of this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided proper acknowledgement is given and a copy containing the reprinted material is sent to the
Community Relations Division of the ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta
Copyright Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 2016.
All rights reserved
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ASEAN in the Global Economy

1.1 Total Population
1.2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (at current price)
1.3 GDP per capita (at current price)
1.4 GDP per capita (PPP*)
1.5 Trade in Goods
1.6 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
ASEAN Economy
2.1 Annual GDP Growth
2.2 GDP per Capita (at current price)
2.3 Consumer Price Index in ASEAN6 (base year = 2005)
2.4 Consumer Price Index of Transport and Housing in ASEAN6 (base year = 2005)
2.5 Rate of Change Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average)
2.6 Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average)
7
8
9
10
11
12
ASEAN Trade Liberalisation

3.1 Average Tariff Rates on Intra-ASEAN Imports
3.2 Commodity Items with Zero Tariff
13
14
ASEAN Trade Performance

4.1 Trade in Goods
4.2 Trade in Goods as Share of GDP
4.3 Intra- and Extra-ASEAN Trade in Goods
4.4 ASEAN Member States Exports of Goods by Destination, 2014
4.5 ASEAN Member States Imports of Goods by Origin, 2014
4.6 Top Ten Export Commodities in 2 Digit-HS*, 2014
4.7 Top Ten Import Commodities in 2 Digit-HS*, 2014
4.8 Intra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities in 2-digit HS*, 2014
4.9 Extra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities in 2-digit HS*, 2014
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners

5.1 Total Trade with Dialogue Partners
5.2 Share of Trade with Dialogue Partners in ASEANs Total Trade
5.3 Exports of Goods to Dialogue Partners
5.4 Imports of Goods from Dialogue Partners
5.5 Trade Balance with Dialogue Partners
5.6 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Australia-New Zealand, 2014
5.7 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Canada, 2014
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
5.8 Top 5 Trade Commodities with China, 2014

5.9 Top 5 Trade Commodities with EU-28, 2014
5.10 Top 5 Trade Commodities with India, 2014
5.11 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Japan, 2014
5.12 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Republic of Korea, 2014
5.13 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Russian Federation, 2014
5.14 Top 5 Trade Commodities with USA, 2014
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
ASEAN Trade in Services

6.1 Trade in Services
6.2 Exports of Services by Broad Headings
6.3 Imports of Services by Broad Headings
6.4 Intra-ASEAN Exports of Services by Broad Headings
6.5 Intra-ASEAN Imports of Services by Broad Headings
38
39
40
41
42
Investments in ASEAN
7.1 Net Inflows of FDI by ASEAN Member States
7.2 Net Inflows of FDIs as Share of GDP by ASEAN Member States
7.3 Net Inflows of FDI by Source Countries
7.5 Net Inflows of FDI by Activity, 2014
43
44
45
46
47
Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community

8.1 Internet Subscribers/Users and Cellular Phone Density (per 100 persons)
8.2 Ratio of Paved Road to Total Road Length
8.3 Tourist Arrivals
48
49
50
ii
Chartbook 2015
INTRODUCTION
The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Chartbook 2015, provides statistical updates on the various dimensions of the
ASEAN economic community based primarily on data submitted by the ASEAN Member States (AMS). It covers the period
of 2007, the year the Declaration on the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint was signed, to 2014.
The AEC Chartbook, now in its 9th edition, aims to walk its readers through the different developments taking place in the
ASEAN region ranging from demography, economy, international trade, investment to infrastructure, in eight sections as
follows:
1. ASEAN in the Global Economy situates the region in the global economy in terms of its population, economic size
and growth, trade, and investment.
2 ASEAN Economy looks into key macroeconomic trends and developments within the region.
CONTENTS
3 ASEAN Trade Liberalisation illustrates the progress made by the member states in promoting and facilitating free flow
of goods within the region through tariff liberalisation.
4 ASEAN Trade Performance examines the trends of exports and imports of goods, composition and direction of trade
within the region and with the rest of the world.
5 ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners maps the regions trade position and the concentration and dependencies of
traded commodities with its dialogue partners
6 ASEAN Trade in Services describes the trends of export and import of services within ASEAN and with the rest of the
world.
7 Investment in ASEAN highlights the inflows of foreign direct investment into the region.
8 Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community examines other important elements characterising the
regional economy i.e.information and communications technology, infrastructure, and tourism.
CAVEAT
The charts presented in this publication are based on data available in the various databases being maintained by the ASEAN Secretariat as
submitted through relevant ASEAN working groups and/or data sharing schemes and/or as gathered from official publications and websites
of the AMS and international organisations, as of 31 December 2015.
Some data were derived/estimated using basic statistical approaches employed by the ASEAN Secretariat. Unless otherwise stated, these
figures are in no way considered as official statistics, and are used only to give indicative information.
iii
iv
1.1 Total Population

2007
2013
2014
1600
1400
1,368
1,276
In million persons
1200
1000
800
622
600
400
319
252
200
0
China
India
ASEAN
United
States
Indonesia
203
Brazil
186
Pakistan
174
Nigeria
158
Bangladesh
146
Russia
127
Japan
After China and India, ASEANs population was the third largest in the world at 622 million in 2014, an increase of almost 10% from 566
million in 2007.
Source: ASEAN Secretariat and IMF World Economic Outlook October 2015
1.2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (at current price)

GDP at current price
India
Italy
Brazil
in million US dollars
Share to World GDP, 2014
2,051
2014
2,148
2013
2,347
2007
ASEAN
3.2%
2,574
ASEAN
2,950
United Kingdom
3,874
Germany
4,602
Japan
Rest of
the world
33.9%
France
3.7%
United
Kingdom
3.8%
Germany
5.0%
2,834
France
Brazil
3.0%
India
2.7%
Italy
2.8%
Japan
6.0%
10,357
China
China
13.4%
United
States
22.4%
17,348
United States
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
ASEAN is the seventh richest economy in the world and third among the Asian countries. In 2014, the regions share to the worlds GDP at 3%, was
at par with Brazil, Italy and India.
11

In US dollars
119,488
96,930
93,990
86,468
105,823
61,066
Luxembour
g
56,820
63,630
45,056
Norway
Qatar
58,538
Switzerlan
d
58,655
54,370
82,008
53,122
Australia
54,411
61,635
47,955
Denmark
Sweden
San Marin
o
4,135
Ireland
United Sta
tes
2,341
ASEAN
2013
2014
69,167
60,947
2007
84,904
ASEAN GDP per capita has increased by 76% from US$2,341 in 2007 to US$4,135 in 2014.
1.4 GDP per capita (PPP*)

137,162
97,639
79,890
70,686
90,636
64,421
Qatar
Luxembour
g Singa
pore
80,698
Brunei
Darussala
m
67,166
66,347
60,887
66,616
61,899
72,892
58,149
55,097
84,307
51,335
Kuwait
Norway
United Ara
b
Emirates
10,725
43,143
San Marin
o
Switzerlan
d
Hong Kon
g
SAR
6,953
ASEAN
2013
2014
83,066
2007
116,969
The regions GDP per capita (PPP) has increased to US$10,725 in 2014, from US$6,953 in 2007. Two ASEAN countries, Singapore and Brunei
Darussalam were among the top 5 economies with the highest GDP per capita (PPP) in the world.
* Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) dollar takes into account the differences in the purchasing power of the US dollar in the countries. PPP $1 in a country, say Cambodia, has the same purchasing
power as PPP $1 in all other countries in the world.
1.5 Trade in Goods
In billion US dollars
Total Trade
Share to World Total Trade, 2014
Netherlands
1,079
2014
Republic of Korea
1,099
2013
United Kingdom
1,224
France
1,233
Netherlands
2.9%
Republic
of Korea
3.0%
2007
1,502
Japan
France
3.3%
Japan
4.1%
1,633
Hong Kong
2,529
ASEAN
2,713
Germany
USA
4,445
China
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
China
12.0%
Hong Kong
4.4%
4,186
Rest of
the world
41.6%
United
Kingdom
3.3%
5,000
ASEAN
6.8%
USA
11.3%
Germany
7.3%
With a total trade of US$2.5 trillion in 2014, ASEAN accounted for 7% of the worlds total trade in 2014, placing it fourth after China, USA and
Germany.
Source: ASEAN Secretariat and UNComtrade
1.6 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Total FDI Inflows
52
Australia
2014
54
Canada
Canada
4.4%
2013
2007
57
British Virgin Islands

Share to World Total FDI Inflows, 2014
British Virgin
Islands
4.6%
62
Brazil
Rest of
the world
32.8%
Brazil
5.1%
68
Singapore
Australia
4.2%
72
United Kingdom
Singapore
5.5%
92
United States
129
China
136
ASEAN
0
50
100
ASEAN
11.1%
United
Kingdom
5.9%
103
Hong Kong
150
200
250
China
10.5%
United
States
7.5%
Hong Kong
8.4%
In 2014, comprising 11% of the world total inflows, ASEAN was the top recipient of FDI in the world, followed by China and Hong Kong.

Source: ASEAN Secretariat and UNCTAD
ASEAN Economy
2.1 Annual GDP Growth
2013
2007
2014
15
12.0
10.2
10
In percent
7.0
5
6.3
5.1
6.3
6.0
9.1
8.7
7.5
6.6
6.0
8.7
7.1
6.1
5.0
6.0
6.9
6.3
6.6
4.6
4.3
2.9
0.7
0.5
0
ASEAN
CLMV
ASEAN6
Viet Nam
Thailand
Singapore
Philippines
Myanmar
Malaysia
Lao PDR
Indonesia
Cambodia
-5
Brunei
Darussalam
-2.3
The regions GDP grew at 4.6% in 2014, lower by 2.0 percentage points from 2007. GDP growth in CLMV remained higher than in ASEAN6 during
the same period.
Note: ASEAN6 = Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand; CLMV = Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet Nam
Source: ASEAN Secretariat
ASEAN Economy
2013
2007
60,000
2014
56,287
50,000
41,535
30,000
20,000
10,784
4,135
ASEAN
1,709
CLMV
5,005
ASEAN6
2,053
Viet Nam
Thailand
5,436
2,816
Singapore
1,278
Philippines
1,730
Myanmar
Indonesia
Cambodia
Brunei
Darussalam
3,901
1,105
Malaysia
10,000
Lao PDR
In US dollars
40,000
Member States GDP per capita varied widely. In 2014, GDP per capita in Singapore and Brunei Darussalam reached more than US$40,000; while
GDP per capita in Cambodia stood at US$1,100. In Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand, the GDP per capita ranged from US$2,800 to
US$10,700.
Note: Myanmars data is based on the exchange rate in the IMF-WEO database of October 2015, which is US$1 = 995 kyats (for 2014).
ASEAN Economy
2.3 Consumer Price Index in ASEAN6 (base year = 2005)
Overall
Food
200
200
Indonesia
180
180
160
160
Indonesia
Thailand
Philippines
Philippines
140
Malaysia
140
Thailand
Singapore
Malaysia
120
100
Brunei
Darussalam
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Singapore
120
100
Brunei
Darussalam
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
From 2013 to 2014, overall prices in Indonesia and Philippines grew considerably by 8.4% and 4.2% respectively. Similarly, Indonesias food prices
increased by 7.8 %, followed by Philippines (6.7%), Malaysia (3.3%), and Singapore (3.0%).
ASEAN Economy
2.4 Consumer Price Index of Transport and Housing in ASEAN6 (base year = 2005)
Transport
Housing
180
180
160
160
Indonesia
Philippines
140
Indonesia
Singapore
140
Singapore
Philippines
Malaysia
120
120
100
Thailand
Malaysia
Brunei
Darussalam
Thailand
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
100
Brunei
Darussalam
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Transport and housing prices in Indonesia registered an increase of 11.7% and 8.3%, respectively in 2014. On the other hand, Singapores transport
prices fell by 1.2% while housing prices in Brunei Darussalam slightly dropped by 0.7%.
10
ASEAN Economy
2.5 Rate of Change Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average)
2013
2014
15
In percent
10
6.1
5
3.8
1.2
5.9
3.4
2.3
1.3
0.3
0.9
0
Brunei
Darussalam
-5
1.0
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
A positive (+) rate of change connotes currency depreciation while a negative (-) rate of change indicates currency appreciation.
Except for the Indonesian Rupiah, ASEAN Member States currencies vis--vis the US dollar depreciated in 2014. The Myanmar Kyat and Thailand
Baht depreciated the most, by 6.1% and 5.9%, respectively.
Note: Myanmars Kyat-to-dollar exchange rate is based on the IMF World Economic Outlook Database as of October 2015
11
ASEAN Economy
2.6 Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average)
2014
2007
60
45
3.28
2014
2007
44.3
21,131
32.5
35
30
25
20
15
15.000
10,485
10.000
5.000
10
8,030
4,041
995
12
Lao PDR
Thailand
Philippines
Singapore
Malaysia
Brunei
Darussalam
Note: Myanmars Kyat-to-dollar exchange rate is taken from the IMF World Economic Outlook October 2015
Indonesia
Cambodia
2014
20.000
per US dollar
1.27
1.27
per US dollar
2013
25.000
40
per US dolar
2013
Viet Nam
2013
Myanmar
2007
4
3.1 Average Tariff Rates on Intra-ASEAN Imports
7.00
4.50
CLMV, 4.44
4.00
In percent
3.50
3.00
ASEAN, 2.58
2.50
2.00
1.50
ASEAN6; 1.32
1.00
CLMV, 0.54
0.50
ASEAN, 0.23
ASEAN6; 0.03
0.00
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Average tariff rate on intra-ASEAN imports in CLMV has dropped to 0.54% in 2015 from 1.3% in 2014, bringing the ASEAN average rate on intraASEAN imports down to 0.23% in 2015 from 0.54% in 2014.
Note : From 2007-2009, based on Common Effective Preferential Tariff; 2010 onward, based on ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement
13
3.2 Commodity Items with Zero Tariff
100
105,000
85,000
75
50
45,000
25,000
Number
In percent
65,000
25
5,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
bar chart: in percent

line chart: in absolute number
2012
ASEAN
ASEAN
2013
2014
ASEAN6
ASEAN6
2015
-15,000
CLMV
CLMV
Since 2010, ASEAN6 has applied zero tariff to nearly 100% of the agreed commodity list. In the CLMV countries, tariff duties have been eliminated
for more than 90% of the agreed commodity list in 2015, compared to 72.5% in 2014.
Note : From 2007-2009, based on Common Effective Preferential Tariff; 2010 onward, based on ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement
14
4.1 Trade in Goods
3,000
Total Trade, 2,529
2,500
Extra-ASEAN, 1,920
In billion US dollar
2,000
1,500
Total Trade, 1,611

Extra-ASEAN, 1,209
1,000
Intra-ASEAN, 608
500
Intra-ASEAN, 402
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
In 2014, the regions total trade in goods grew slightly by 0.7% reaching US$2,529 billion compared to US$2,512 billion in the previous year.
15
4.2 Trade in Goods as Share of GDP
140
120
Total Trade, 122%
Total Trade, 98%
In percent of GDP
100
80
Extra-ASEAN, 92%
Extra-ASEAN, 75%
60
40
20
0
Intra-ASEAN, 24%
Intra-ASEAN, 30%
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
In 2014, total trade in goods accounted for 98% of GDP. Intra-ASEAN trade share to GDP remained relatively stable at 24%.
16
2014
4.3 Intra-and Extra-ASEAN Trade in Goods

In percent share
2007
2013
2014
IntraASEAN
24.1%
IntraASEAN
24.2%
IntraASEAN
25.0%
Extra-ASEAN
75.0%
Extra-ASEAN
75.8%
Extra-ASEAN
75.9%
Intra-ASEAN trade has steadily accounted for nearly 25 percent of the regions total trade in recent years.
17
4.4 ASEAN Member States Exports of Goods by Destination, 2014

In percent share
Intra-ASEAN
ASEAN
Extra-ASEAN
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
0
10
20
30
50
50
60
70
80
90
100
Lao PDR, Myanmar and Singapore exported most of its products within the region while Viet Nam, Cambodia and Philippines shipped most of their
commodities outside ASEAN.
18
4.5 ASEAN Member States Imports of Goods by Origin, 2014

In percent share
Intra-ASEAN
ASEAN
Extra-ASEAN
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
0
10
20
30
50
50
60
70
80
90
100
Brunei Darussalam, Lao PDR and Myanmar imported most of their commodity items from within the region, accounting for more than 50% of these
countries total imports of goods.
19
4.6 Top Ten Export Commodities in 2 Digit-HS*, 2014

In percent share
Rubber and articles thereof

3%
Organic chemicals
3%
Optical, photographic, cinematographic,

measuring, checking, precision, medical
or surgical instruments and apparatus;
parts and accessories thereof
3%
Animal or vegetable fats and oils and
their cleavage products; prepared edible
fats; animal or vegetable waxes
3%
Vehicles other than railway or tramway rollingstock, and parts and accessories thereof
3%
Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad
with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin
2%
Others
31%
Plastics and articles thereof

3%
Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and
mechanical appliances; parts thereof
11%
Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their
distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes
16%
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts

thereof; sound recorders and reproducers,
television image and sound recorders and
reproducers, and parts and accessories of such
articles
22%
Mineral fuels/oils and their related products, electrical-related products and nuclears-related equipment/appliances were the top three commodity
exports, constituting almost 50% of ASEAN total exports.
*HS - Harmonized System
20
4.7 Top Ten Import Commodities in 2 Digit-HS*, 2014

In percent share
Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semiprecious stones, precious metals, metals

clad with precious metal, and articles thereof;
imitation jewellery; coin
2%
Organic chemicals
2%
Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring,

checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments
and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof
2%
Vehicles other than railway or tramway rollingstock, and parts and accessories thereof
3%
Iron and steel
3%
4%
13%
Articles of iron or steel

2%
Others
27%

22%
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound

recorders and reproducers, television image and sound
recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such
articles
20%
Mineral fuels/oils and their related products, electrical-related products and nuclears-related equipment/appliances accounted for more than 50%
of ASEAN imports.
21
4.8 Intra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities in 2-digit HS*, 2014

In percent share
Export
Others
35%
Vehicles other than

railway or tramway
rolling-stock, and
parts and accessories
thereof
4%
Plastics
and articles
thereof
4%
Import
Mineral fuels, mineral
oils and products of their
distillation; bituminous
substances; mineral waxes
26%
Nuclear
reactors,
boilers,
machinery and
mechanical
appliances;
parts thereof
12%
Electrical machinery and

equipment and parts thereof;
sound recorders and
reproducers, television image
and sound recorders and
reproducers, and parts and
accessories of such articles
19%

30%
Others
33%
Vehicles other than

railway or tramway
rolling-stock,
and parts and
accessories thereof
4%
Plastics
and
articles
thereof
4%
Nuclear
reactors,
boilers,
machinery and
mechanical
appliances;
parts thereof
10%

equipment and parts
thereof; sound recorders
and reproducers, television
image and sound
recorders and reproducers,
and parts and accessories
of such articles
19%
Mineral fuels/oils and their related products were the major intra-ASEAN export and import commodity items, accounting for 26% and 30%,
respectively.
22
4.9 Extra-ASEAN Top 5 Trade Commodities in 2-digit HS*, 2014

In percent share
Export
Import
Others
46%
Plastics
and
articles
thereof
3%
Animal or
vegetable fats
and oils and
their cleavage
products;
prepared edible
fats; animal
or vegetable
waxes
4%
Plastics
and articles
thereof
3%
Nuclear
reactors,
boilers,
machinery
and
mechanical
appliances;
parts thereof
11%
Mineral fuels,
mineral oils
and products
of their
distillation;
bituminous
substances;
mineral waxes
12%

equipment and parts
and reproducers,
television image and
sound recorders and
reproducers, and parts
and accessories of such
articles
24%
Iron and
steel
4%
Others
40%
Nuclear
reactors,
boilers,
machinery
and
mechanical
appliances;
parts thereof
13%
Mineral fuels,
mineral oils
and products
of their
distillation;
bituminous
substances;
mineral waxes
20%

equipment and parts
and reproducers,
television image and
sound recorders and
reproducers, and parts
and accessories of such
articles
20%
The main export and import items of extra-ASEAN trade were electrical-related products and mineral fuels/oils and related products.

23
5.1 Total Trade with Dialogue Partners

In million US dollars
366,526
229,042
212,429
USA
81,081
187,307
67,708
61,209
EU-28
Republic of
Korea
47,771
AustraliaNew Zealand
22,543
37,243
India
5,401
Russian
Federation
13,155
9,496
Canada
2014
Japan
131,439
178,189
2013
China
173,056
2007
171,089
209,473
In 2014, the regions total trade with China amounted to US$367 billion, followed by Japan (US$229 billion), USA (US$212 billion), and EU-28
(US$209 billion).
24
5.2 Share of Trade with Dialogue Partners in ASEANs Total Trade

In percent share
2007
2013
Canada
0.6%
ANZ
3.0%
ANZ
3.1%
China
10.6%
India
2.3%
China
14.5%
Others
45.9%
EU-28
8.3%
Others
47.2%
India
2.7%
India
2.7%
Japan
9.6%
ROK
3.9%
Russia
0.3%
Canada
0.6%
EU-28
9.8%
Japan
10.7%
USA
11.1%
ANZ
3.2%
China
14.0%
EU-28
11.6%
Others
45.9%
2014
Canada
0.5%
Japan
9.1%
ROK
5.4%
ROK
5.2%
USA Russia
8.2% 0.8%
USA Russia
8.4% 0.9%
China has continued to increase its share to ASEANs total trade, reaching 14.5% in 2014. Meanwhile, shares of EU-28, Japan and USA have
declined in recent years.
Note: ANZ= Australia-New Zealand; ROK= Republic of Korea; Russia= Russian Federation
25
5.3 Exports of Goods to Dialogue Partners

In percent share
2007
ANZ
3.6%
2013
Canada
0.6%
ANZ
4.0%
China
9.1%
India
2.9%
Canada
0.6%
Others
47.1%
India
3.3%
EU-28
8.0%
Others
49.2%
India
3.4%
Japan
9.3%
Japan
9.7%
ROK
3.4%
Russia
0.2%
China
11.6%
EU-28
9.8%
Japan
9.9%
USA
12.3%
ANZ
4.0%
China
12.0%
EU-28
12.6%
Others
45.4%
2014
Canada
0.6%
ROK
4.0%
ROK
4.2%
USA
9.0%
Russia
0.4%
USA
9.5%
Russia
0.4%
China has become the top destination of ASEANs exports with share to total exports increasing from 9% in 2007 to almost 12% in 2014. In contrast,
the shares of EU-28, Japan and USA have declined in recent years.
26
5.4 Imports of Goods from Dialogue Partners

In percent share
2007
ANZ
2.2%
2013
Canada
0.6%
ANZ
2.1%
Canada
0.5%
China
12.4%
Others
46.6%
India
1.7%
Canada
0.5%
ROK
4.2%
China
17.5%
EU-28
9.8%
Others
44.7%
Others
45.2%
EU-28
8.5%
India
2.1%
Japan
11.7%
Rusia
0.4%
ANZ
2.4%
China
16.0%
EU-28
10.5%
USA
9.6%
2014
India
2.0%
Japan
8.8%
Japan
9.5%
USA
7.5%
Rusia
1.2%
ROK
6.6%
USA
7.3%
Rusia
1.4%
ROK
6.5%
In 2014, ASEANs imports of Chinese-made products have intensified while shipments from Japan and USA have moderated.
27
5.5 Trade Balance with Dialogue Partners

2007
2013
40,000
30,000
32,321
24,557
18,944
20,000
11,406
10,000
2014
1,785
0
-1,841
-10,000
-11,713
-20,000
-30,000
-40,000
-28,191
ANZ
Canada
China
EU-28
-50,000
India
Japan
Republic of
Korea
Russian
Federation
USA
-60,000
-70,000
-65,713
-80,000
The region has consistently ran trade surplus with Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India, Japan, and USA. On the other hand, ASEAN has widened
trade deficit with China, Republic of Korea, and Russian Federation since 2007.
Note: A positive value indicates trade surplus; the region is a netexporter.
28
5.6 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Australia-New Zealand, 2014

In percent share
Export
Others
32%
Import

35%
Nuclear
reactors,
boilers,
machinery
and
mechanical
appliances;
parts thereof
12%
Articles
Vehicles other than railway or tramway rollingof iron or
stock, and parts and accessories thereof
steel
10%
4%
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound
recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles
7%
Others
52%

19%
Cereals
Meat and
edible
8%
meat
Nickel and articles
offal
thereof
4%
6%
Dairy produce; birds eggs; natural

honey; edible products of animal
origin, not elsewhere specified or
included
11%
Mineral fuels, oils and related products were the major traded items, both exports and imports, with Australia and New Zealand.
Note: Based on 2-digit Harmonized System code
29
5.7 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Canada, 2014

In percent share
Export
Others
51%
Rubber
and
articles
thereof
5%
Import
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof;

television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and
parts and accessories of such articles
18%

9%
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not
knitted or crocheted
5%
Articles of
apparel and
clothing
accessories,
knitted or
crocheted
12%
Others
43%
Fertilisers
15%

television image and sound
and parts and accessories of
such articles
8%

13%
Cereals
10%
Pulp of wood or
of other fibrous
cellulosic material;
recovered (waste
and scrap) paper or
paperboard
11%
Exports to Canada were mainly electrical machinery/equipment and articles of apparel and clothing accessories. Imports consisted of fertilizers and
nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances.
30
5.8 Top 5 Trade Commodities with China, 2014

In percent share
Export
Rubber
and
articles
thereof
6%
Others
38%
Import

television image and sound recorders and reproducers,
and parts and accessories of such articles
27%

10%
7%
Mineral fuels,
mineral oils
and products of
their distillation;
bituminous
substances;
mineral waxes
12%
Articles
of iron or
steel
3%
Others
39%

television image and sound recorders and reproducers,
and parts and accessories of such articles
30%
Iron and steel

6%
Nuclear reactors, boilers,

machinery and mechanical
appliances; parts thereof
18%
Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation;

bituminous substances; mineral waxes
4%
Electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof accounted for nearly 30% of the regions
trade with China.
31
5.9 Top 5 Trade Commodities with EU-28, 2014

In percent share
Export
Others
50%
Import

25%
Optical, photographic,
cinematographic, measuring,
checking, precision, medical
or surgical instruments
and apparatus; parts and
accessories thereof
4%
Articles of
apparel and
clothing
accessories,
knitted or
crocheted
4%
Footwear,
gaiters and the
like; parts of
such articles
5%
Nuclear
reactors, boilers,
machinery and
mechanical
appliances; parts
thereof
12%
Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking,

precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts
and accessories thereof
5%
Vehicles other
than railway or
tramway rollingstock, and parts
and accessories
thereof
5%
Aircraft,
spacecraft,
and parts
thereof
7%

equipment and parts
thereof; television image
17%
Others
45%
Nuclear
reactors, boilers,
machinery and
mechanical
appliances; parts
thereof
21%
Exports to EU-28 mainly consisted of electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders/reproducers, and parts thereof, while
imports chiefly comprised nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances.
32
5.10 Top 5 Trade Commodities with India, 2014

In percent share
Export
Organic
chemicals
6%
Import

23%
Others
34%
Nuclear
reactors, boilers,
machinery and
mechanical
appliances; parts
thereof
10%

and parts and accessories of
such articles
12%
Animal or vegetable
fats and oils and
their cleavage
products; prepared
edible fats; animal
or vegetable waxes
15%
Others
48%

29%
Organic
chemicals
7%
7%
Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals,
metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin
5%
Cereals
4%
Similar to trade with Australia and New Zealand, the regions export and import items with India mostly consisted of mineral fuels, oils and related
products.
33
5.11 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Japan, 2014

In percent share
Export
Import

25%
Others
40%
Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery

and mechanical appliances; parts
thereof
8%
Plastics
and articles
thereof
3%
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

5%

equipment and parts
19%
Plastics
and articles
thereof
5%
Others
34%

22%
Vehicles other than railway or

tramway rolling-stock, and parts and
accessories thereof
10%
Iron and steel
9%

equipment and parts
20%
Mineral fuels, oils and related products were the regions primary exports to Japan, while nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances topped
the list of its imported items from Japan.
34
5.12 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Republic of Korea, 2014

In percent share
Export
Organic
chemicals
3%
Articles of apparel
and clothing
accessories,
not knitted or
crocheted
4%
Others
35%
Import

29%
Nuclear reactors,
boilers, machinery
and mechanical
appliances; parts
thereof
6%

recorders and reproducers, and
parts and accessories of such
articles
23%
Iron and steel

6%
Nuclear reactors,
boilers, machinery
and mechanical
appliances; parts
thereof
8%

5%

oils and products
of their distillation;
bituminous substances;
mineral waxes
22%
Others
28%
Electrical machinery and equipment

and parts thereof; television
image and sound recorders
and reproducers, and parts and
31%
Exports to the Republic of Korea largely comprised mineral fuels, oils and related products while imports were mostly made up of electrical machinery/
equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof.
Source of data: ASEAN Secretariat
35
5.13 Top 5 Trade Commodities with Russian Federation, 2014

In percent share
Export
Others
43%
Import
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image

and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of
such articles
27%
Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous

75%
Others
6%
Plastics
and articles
thereof
4%
Vehicles other than

railway or tramway
rolling-stock,
and parts and
accessories thereof
6%
Nuclear
reactors, boilers,
machinery and
mechanical
appliances;
parts thereof
9%
Animal or vegetable
fats and oils and their
cleavage products;
prepared edible fats;
animal or vegetable
waxes
11%
Natural or cultured pearls,

precious or semi-precious stones,
precious metals, metals clad
with precious metal, and articles
thereof; imitation jewellery; coin
1%
Fertilisers
5%
Nickel and
articles
thereof
6%
Iron
and
steel
7%
The regions chief export products to Russian Federation were electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers,
and parts thereof. On the other hand, mineral fuels, oils and related products accounted for three-fourths of ASEANs imported goods from Russian
Federation.
36
5.14 Top 5 Trade Commodities with USA, 2014

In percent share
Export
Others
42%
Import

24%
accessories thereof
5%
Articles of
apparel and
clothing
accessories,
not knitted or
crocheted
6%
Articles of
apparel and
clothing
accessories,
knitted or
crocheted
9%

5%
Nuclear
reactors, boilers,
machinery and
mechanical
appliances; parts
thereof
14%
Others
39%
accessories thereof
6%

21%
Aircraft,
spacecraft,
and parts
thereof
9%

equipment and parts
20%
Electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts thereof comprised nearly one-fourth of ASEANs
exports to USA. Imports from USA contained mainly of electrical machinery/equipment, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and
parts thereof and nuclear reactors, boilers and mechanical appliances.
37
6.1 Trade in Services
350
300
20
Total Export,
305.8
16
Total Import,
185.7
200
150 Total Export,
168.9
100
14
12
10
Total Import,
14.0%
Total Import,
12.2%
Total Export,
12.8%
Total Export,
11.9%
8
6
4
50
0
-50
18
% of GDP
250
Total Import,
314.0
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
ASEAN trade in services has increased significantly over time, with total import and export reaching US$314 billion and US$306 billion respectively,
both accounting for approximately 12% of the regions GDP in 2014.
Note: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Manual, 6th Edition.
38
6.2 Exports of Services by Broad Headings

In percent share
2014
21.1%
35.4%
Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned

by others.
23.2%
Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.

Transport
21.3%
2013
35.8%
Travel
23.1%
Construction
23.0%
2012
34.7%
Insurance and pension services
22.7%
Financial services
Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e
24.4%
2011
33.5%
Telecommunications, computer, and information

services
21.5%
Other business services
2010
26.4%
0
10
31.8%
20
30
40
Personal, cultural, and recreational services
21.7%
50
60
70
80
Government goods and services, n.i.e.
90
100
Travel, Transportation and Other business services were consistently the major exports of services in ASEAN, constituting a combined share of 80%
of the regions total exports of services.
39
6.3 Imports of Services by Broad Headings

In percent share
2014
33.4%
20.5%
22.0%
2013
33.4%
19.8%
22.8%

by others.
Transport
Travel
Construction
35.2%
2012
20.0%
21.2%
Financial services
36.5%
2011
19.5%

services
21.1%
2010
35.7%
0
10
20.3%
20
30
40
20.8%
50
60
70
80
90
100
With a total share of 76%, Transport, Travel, and Other business services continued to be the major sectors of ASEANs imports of services in 2014.
40
6.4 Intra-ASEAN Exports of Services by Broad Headings
In percent share
2014
15.0%
53.5%
16.1%
2013
15.4%
53.1%
16.0%

by others.
Transport
Travel
Construction
2012
16.4%
52.9%
16.1%
2011
16.8%
54.6%
15.1%

Financial services
services
2010
16.9%
0
10
54.3%
20
30
40
14.4%
50
60
70
80
90
100
Travel services along with Transport and Other business services have consistently comprised more than 85% of intra-ASEANs exports of
services.
41
6.5 Intra-ASEAN Imports of Services by Broad Headings

In percent share
2014
25.4%
42.6%

by others.
17.8%

Transport
24.8%
2013
43.1%
Travel
17.9%
Construction
26.5%
2012
43.1%
16.7%
Financial services
29.4%
2011
40.5%

services
17.7%
2010
29.9%
0
10
40.6%
20
30
40
17.2%
50
60
70
80
90
100
Similarly, Transport, Travel, and Other business services were the main sectors for intra-ASEANs imports of services, with a total share of 86% to
ASEAN imports of services in 2014.
42
In million US Dollars
7.1 Net Inflows of FDI by ASEAN Member States
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
Brunei Darussalam
2010
2011
2012
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
2013
Cambodia
10,000
Philippines
Thailand
2014
Lao PDR
Myanmar
Viet Nam
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
In 2014, Singapore continued to be the major recipient of FDI in ASEAN, with inflows amounting to US$72 billion. Meanwhile, Viet Nam led the CLMV
countries with US$9.2 billion of FDI inflows.
Note: ASEAN6 = Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand; CLMV = Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Viet Nam
43
7.2 Net Inflows of FDI as Share of GDP by ASEAN Member States
2007
2013
2014
30
In percent of GDP
25
23.4
20
15
10.3
10
7.8
3.3
Brunei
Darussalam
2.3
Cambodia
Indonesia
4.9
3.3
1.5
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
2.2
Philippines
5.3
3.1
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
ASEAN
In 2014, FDI inflows in Singapore accounted for 23.4% of the countrys GDP. During the same period, FDI inflows in Cambodia and Lao PDR have
exceeded their shares to GDP in 2007 at 10.3% and 7.8%, respectively.
44

7
30,000
25,000
Extra-ASEAN,
111,804 20,000
Total,
136,181
140,000
In million US dollars
120,000
100,000
80,000
15,000
60,000
IntraASEAN,
24,377
40,000
20,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
10,000
In percent of GDP
35,000
160,000
Total, 5.3
Extra-ASEAN, 4.3
3
2
Intra-ASEAN, 0.9
5,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
FDI inflows in ASEAN reached US$136.2 billion in 2014, an increase of US$18.5 billion (16%) from 2013. After recording a huge drop in 2008, the
FDI share to GDP has rebounded in 2010 and remained relatively stable in recent years. In 2014, FDI inflows in ASEAN was about 5.3% of its GDP;
extra-ASEAN made up 4.3% while intra-ASEAN accounted for 0.9%.
Note: For 2012-2013, Lao PDRs data on by source country are not yet available; intra-/extra-ASEAN breakdowns for 2012-2013 were estimated by the ASEAN Secretariat.
45

35,000
EU, 29,268
30,000
ASEAN, 24,377
25,000
20,000
Japan, 13,381
15,000
USA, 13,042
10,000
China, 8,869
5,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
The major source countries of FDI inflows in the region were EU-28, Intra-ASEAN, Japan, USA and China.
Note: For 2012-2013, Lao PDRs data on by source country are not yet available; intra-/extra-ASEAN breakdowns for 2012-2013 were estimated by the ASEAN Secretariat.
46
7.5 Net Inflows of FDI by Activity, 2014

In percent share
Real estate activities

7.6%
Mining and quarrying
5.5%
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of

motor vehicles and motor
cycles 12.9%
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing

3.4%
Transportation and storage
2.0%
Other services
activities.
14.6%
Information and communication

1.9%
Construction
0.9%
Professional, scientific and technical activities
0.8%
Manufacturing
16.8%
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

0.3%
Administrative and support service activities
0.2%
Accomodation and food service activities
0.1%
Financial and Insurance

activities
32.6%
Human health and social work activities

0.2%
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
0.1%
Arts, entertainment
and recreation
0.0%
Public administration
and defence; compulsory
social security
0.0%
Education
0.0%
FDI inflows in financial and insurance activities comprised 33% of the regions total FDI inflows, followed by manufacturing (17%), other services
activities (15%), and wholesale and retail trade (13%).

Source:
ASEAN Secretariat
47
8.1 Internet Subscribers/Users and Cellular Phone Density (per 100 persons)
Internet subscribers/users per 100 persons
Celullar phone per 100 persons
Brunei Darussalam
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Cambodia
Indonesia
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Myanmar
Philippines
Philippines
Singapore
Singapore
Thailand
Thailand
Viet Nam
Viet Nam
0
20
2010
40
2011
60
2012
80
2013
100
2014
0
2010
2011
100
2012
200
2013
2014
The number of internet subscribers/users in ASEAN Member States continued to increase in 2014. Similarly, there is a steady increase in the number
of cellular phone users. In 2014, there are more than 100 number of cellular phones per 100 persons in all of the ASEAN Member States with the
exception of Lao PDR and Myanmar.*
* This indicates that 1 person owns more than 1 unit of cellular phone in these countries.
48
8.2 Ratio of Paved Road to Total Road Length
Singapore
100
Brunei Darussalam
90
Thailand
Philippines
80
Malaysia
In percent
70
Viet Nam
60
Indonesia
50
Myanmar
40
30
20
Lao PDR
Cambodia
10
0
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
There is a marked improvement in Myanmars road condition as shown by the increase in the ratio of paved road to total road length from 24% in
2013 to 52% in 2014 .
49
8.3 Tourist Arrivals

2007
2013
2014
120,000
105,084
In thousand persons
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
27,437
20,000
3,886
0
Brunei
Darussalam
4,503
Cambodia
15,095
9,435
Indonesia
24,780
4,159
Lao PDR
3,081
Malaysia
Myanmar
7,874
4,833
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Viet Nam
ASEAN
Tourist arrivals in ASEAN grew by 2.8 percent, reaching 105 million in 2014 from 102 million in 2013. Malaysia maintained its top spot as the favorite
tourist destination in the region, with a share of 26% of the total visitor arrivals, followed by Thailand (24%) and Singapore (14%).
Note: Prior to 2013, Brunei Darussalam data covered only visitor arrivals by air transport
50
ASEAN
@ASEAN
www.asean.org

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ASEAN Economic Community

ASEAN Economic Community

The ASEAN Secretariat

ASEAN in the Global Economy

ASEAN Trade Liberalisation

ASEAN Trade Performance

ASEAN Trade with Dialogue Partners

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

5.8 Top 5 Trade Commodities with China, 2014

ASEAN Trade in Services

Other Developments in the ASEAN Economic Community

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN Economic Community

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN in the Global Economy

1.1 Total Population

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN in the Global Economy

1.2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (at current price)

Share to World GDP, 2014

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN in the Global Economy

1.3 GDP per capita (at current price)

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN in the Global Economy

1.4 GDP per capita (PPP*)

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN in the Global Economy

1.5 Trade in Goods

Share to World Total Trade, 2014

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN in the Global Economy

1.6 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

British Virgin Islands

Share to World Total FDI Inflows, 2014

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

2.1 Annual GDP Growth

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

2.2 GDP per capita (at current price)

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

2.3 Consumer Price Index in ASEAN6 (base year = 2005)

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

2.5 Rate of Change Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average)

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

2.6 Currencies-to-US Dollar (period average)

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN Trade Liberalisation

3.1 Average Tariff Rates on Intra-ASEAN Imports

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN Trade Liberalisation

3.2 Commodity Items with Zero Tariff

bar chart: in percent

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN Trade Performance

4.1 Trade in Goods

Total Trade, 1,611

ASEAN Economic Community Chartbook 2015

ASEAN Trade Performance

4.2 Trade in Goods as Share of GDP

Total Trade, 122%

Total Trade, 98%