Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of Viral Infection
INTRODUCTION
NEW EMERGING DISEASE
BIRD FLU (Influenza A subtype H5N1)
SWINE ORIGIN INFLUENZA INFECTION H1N1 (SOIV)
surface antigen
hemaglutinins (H) 16
neuraminidases (N) 9
pandemic (1968)
Bird Flu type A, subtype
H5N1 (1997)
Viral Transmission
highly contagious viral diseasespread very efficiently
person-to-personcoughing and sneezing
boarding schools
households
offices
medical settings
cruise ships
nursing homes
prisons
semi-closed or closed populations
Incubation
1-4 days with an average of 2 days
Adultsinfectiousday before symptoms begin
fever
chills
muscle aches
headache
anorexia
dizziness
sense of fatigue
nonproductive cough
sore throat
runny nose
influenza viral pneumonia, or occur as part of a coinfection with other viral or bacterial pathogens
Influenza infection associated with :
encephalopathy, transverse myelitis, Reye syndrome,
myositis, myocarditis, and pericarditis
Complications
Hospitalization
Deaths
influenza epidemics:
Avian Influenza
Pendahuluan
Bird-flu in humans
Year
Place
Strain
# of cases
# of deaths
Case fatality
1997
Hong Kong
H5N1
18
0.33
1999
Hong Kong
H9N2
0.00
2003
Hong Kong
H5N1
0.50
2003
Netherlands
H7N7
84
0.01
2003
Hong Kong
H9N2
0.00
2004
Viet Nam
H5N1
22
15
0.68
2004
Thailand
H5N1
11
0.64
140
30
0.21
Total
famili orthomyxoviruses
3 tipe : A, B, C
Penyebab kehebohan AI atau Flu burung ini adalah: virus influenza A tipe
H5N1
H5N1 telah menyebar luas di Asia pd populasi unggas sejak 2003 dan
bergerak ke Eropa 2005 dan telah memperluas kisaran inangnya dari
burung ke manusia
Hingga saat ini penyebaran virus H5N1 dari orang ke orang jarang terjadi
dan tidak berlanjut lebih dari 1 orang
Banyak di pedesaan/pinggiran
Lab : lekopenia,
limfopenia,
trombositopenia
Pathogenesis
The biological basis for this unusual disease severity is
Uji netralisasi
Clinical appearance
CXR appearance
Recovery from
Bird Flu
Penatalaksanaan
severe cases
Supportive care: Community Acquired
Pneumonia (CAP), sepsis, MODS
Respiratory support Acute Respiratory
Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
Kasus Suspek AI
Kasus Probabel AI
Kriteria Rawat
Suspek dg leukopeni
INFLUENZA H1N1
(SWINE ORIGIN INFLUENZA VIRUS)
(SOIV)
Iwan MM
I:129
BD:18
C:2040
K:202
B:1
L:5
SL:19
T:2076/7
V:181
C:7
P:1709/1
M:112
J:1790
B:124
S:1055
INA:20/0
PNG:1
A:5298/10
Virus Influenza A
Timeline of Emergence of
Influenza A Viruses in Humans
Avian
Influenza
Russian
Influenza
H9
H5
H7
H5
H1
H3
H1
1918
Spanish
Influenza
H1N1
H2
1997 2003
1998/9
Gejala Klinis
Gejala Klinis sama dengan seasonal
influenza
Presentasi klinis : bervariasi dari ringan/
asimptomatis sampai pneumoni berat dan
kematian
Demam>380 C
Batuk
ODYNOPHAGY
MYALGIA
CEPHALGIA
MALAISE
NAUSEA,VOMITE,DIARHOE
DIAGNOSIS
DASAR DIAGNOSIS: KLINIS (RINGAN,
SEDANG & BERAT)
SUHU > 38C
GEJALA ILI:
BATUK
PILEK
NYERI OTOT
NYERI TENGGOROK
16
17
DEWASA
ILI dengan faktor risiko,
ditambah salah satu
kriteria di bawah
Sesak Nafas
Pneumonia ringan (bila
ada X-ray)
Keluhan mengganggu:
diare,muntah-muntah
(tergantung penilaian klinis
dokter yang merawat)
ANAK
Dugaan adanya
Pneumonia:
- suhu > 38C
- Batuk atau kesulitan
bernafas
Frekuensi pernafasan:
- < 2 bln: > 60 kali/mnt
- 2 11 bln: > 50 kali/mnt
- > 11 bln: > 40 kali/mnt
18
DEWASA
Pneumonia luas (bilateral,
multilobar)
Gagal nafas
Sepsis
Syok
Kesadaran menurun
ARDS (sindroma sesak
nafas akut)
Gagal multi organ
ANAK
Demam > 38C dan
Batuk atau kesulitan bernafas
dan
Ada bunyi nafas atau mengi
saat tidak beraktivitas atau
Adanya gejala berbahaya / berat
:
- Tidak bisa minum
- Muntah terus menerus
- Kebiruan di sekeliling
bibir
- Kejang
- Tidak sadar
- Anak < 2 th dengan demam
atau suhu tubuh dingin
19
Triase suspek
H1N1
Klinis
ringan
Dipulangkan:
pengobatan
simptomatis KIE
Klinis
sedang
Ruang isolasi
Klinis berat
Ruang
isolasi ICU
Memburuk
Membaik
20
21
22
INTERACTION
PIG/HUMAN/
BIRDS?
SYMPTOM :
16 WEEKS PREGNANT
2 DAY FEVER
DAY 3rd COUGH PRIVATE HOSPITAL
DAY 4th DYSPNEA SARDJITO HOSPITAL
4 HOURS AT ER for ARDS VENTILATION
Management
Culling
Quarantine
Disinfection
Vaccination against
circulating flu
H5N1 vaccine
development
Stockpiling of antivirals
1. Contact transmission:
Direct - Kissing
Indirect Sharing
3. Aerosol spread:
WHOW?