Drug Study

GENERIC
NAME
Cefazolin

BRAND
NAME
Ancef

DOSAGE
1 mg. IV q8

INDICATION
Treatment of:

MECHANISM
OF ACTION
Bind to

ADVERSE
REACTION
CNS:

NURSING
CONSIDERATION
- Before initiating

Skin and skin

bacterial cell

Seizures (high

therapy, obtain a

doses)

history to

Classification:

1 hour prior

structure

wall

Antibiotic

to operating

infections,

membrane,

First

room

pneumonia,

causing cell

GI:

previous use of

Generation

urinary tract

death.

Pseudomembranou

and reactions to

Cephalosporin

infections,

s colitis, diarrhea,

penicillins or
cephalosporins.

determine

septicemia

Therapeutic

nausea, vomiting,

Therapeutic:

(including

effects:

cramps

Antibiotic

endocarditis)

Bactericidal

caused by

action against

Derm:

infection (vital

susceptible

susceptible

Rashes, pruritis,

signs; appearance

organisms

bacteria.

urticaria

of wound, sputum,

- Asses for

urine, and stool;

Perioperative

Spectrum:

Hemat:

WBC) at

prophylaxis in

Active aginst

Phlebitis at IV site

beginning and

patients

many gram-

undergoing

positive cocci

during therapy

procedures

including

Misc:

-Observe patient

associated

Streptococcus

Allergic reactions

for signs and

with high risk

Pneumoniae,

including

symptoms of

of infection

Group A

anaphylaxis and

anaphylaxis (rash,

betahemolytic

serum sickness,

pruritus, laryngeal

streptococci,

superinfection

edema,

Penicillinase-

wheezing),

producing

discontinue if

staphylococci

these problems
occur. Keep
epinephrine,
antihistamine and
resuscitation
equipment close
by in case of an
anaphylactic
reaction
-Monitor I&O rates
and pattern. Be
alert to changes in
BUN, serum
creatinine

GENERIC
NAME
Ketorolac

BRAND NAME

DOSAGE

INDICATION

MECHANISM

ADVERSE

NURSING

30 mg. IV

Short term

OF ACTION
It inhibits

REACTION
CNS:

CONSIDERATION
-Correct

q8

management of

synthesis of

Drowsiness,

hypovolemia prior

Classification:

pain; reduction of

prostaglandin

dizziness,

to administration

Analgesic

post operative

s by inhibiting

headache

of ketorolac

Non-Steroidal

pain

both COX-1

Toradol

Anti-

and COX-2

GI:

-Monitor urine

Inflammatory

enzymes. It is

Nausea,

output in patients

Drug

a peripherally

dyspepsia, GI

with history of

Antipyretic

acting

pain, hemorrhage

cardiac

analgesic. It

Other:

decompensation,

Therapeutic:

inhibits

Edema, sweating,

renal impairment,

Non narcotic

platelet

pain at injection

heart failure or

Analgesic

aggregation

site

liver dysfunction

and prolongs

as well as those

bleeding time.

taking diuretics.

Effective in

Discontinuation of

controlling

drug will return

acute

urine output to

postoperative

pretreatment level

pain
-Monitor for S/S of

Gi distress or
bleeding including
nausea, GI pain,
diarrhea, melena
or hematemesis.
GI ulceration with
perforation can
occur anytime
during treatment.
Drug decreases
platelet
aggregation and
thus may prolong
bleeding time

GENERIC
NAME
Omeprazol

BRAND
NAME
Losec

DOSAGE
40 mg. IV

INDICATION
Duodenal and

MECHANISM
OF ACTION
An

ADVERSE
REACTION
CNS:

NURSING
CONSIDERATION
-Monitor urinalysis

once a day

gastric ulcer.

antisecretory

Headache,

for hematuria and

dizziness, fatigue

proteinuria.

Classification:

Gastroesophageal compound that

Proton Pump

reflux diseases

is a gastric

Inhibitor

including severe

acid pump

GI:

-Report any

Antisecretory

erosive

inhibitor.

Diarrhea,

changes in urinary

esophagitis. Long

Suppreses

abdominal pain,

elimination such

Therapeutic:

term treatment of

gastric acid

nausea

as pain or

Antiulcer

pathologic

secretion by

hypersecretory

inhibiting the

conditions. In

H+, K+- ATPase Hematuria,

urination, or blood

combination with

enzyme

proteinuria

in the urine

clarithromycin to

system.

treat duodenal

Suppresses

Skin:

-Repost severe

ulcers associated

gastric acid

Rash

diarrhea, drug

by Helicobacter

secretion

may need to be

Pylori. Dyspepsia

relieving

discontinued

occurring more

gastrointestina

than twice weekly

l distress and
promoting
ulcer bleeding

discomfort
Urogenital:

associated with

GENERIC
NAME
Hydrocortisone

BRAND NAME
Cetacort
Classification:

DOSAGE

INDICATION

MECHANISM

ADVERSE

NURSING

REACTION
Body as a

CONSIDERATION
-Establish baseline

1 mg. IV

Replacement

OF ACTION
Short-acting

q8 for 3

therapy in adre-

synthetic

whole:

and continuing

doses

nocortical

steroid with

Malaise,

data on BP,

Adrenocortical

insufficiency; to

both

weight gain,

weight, fluid and

Steroid

reduce serum

glucocorticoid

obesity,

electrolyte

calcium in

and

decreased

imbalance and

Therapeutic:

hypercalcemia, to

mineralocortic

motility

blood glucose

Anti-Inflammatory

suppress

oid properties

Immunosuppressant

undesirable

that affect

CNS:

-Monitor for

Antipsoriatic

inflammatory or

nearly all

Vertigo,

adverse effecs

immune responses.

systems of the

headache,

To produce

body

nystagmus,

-Monitor for

temporary remission

ICP,

persistent

in nonadrenal

depression

backache or chest

diseases, and to

pain

block ACTH

CV:

production in

Syncopal

-Be alert to

diagnostic tests.

episodes,

possibility of

Use as an anti-

fat

masked infections

inflammatory or

embolism,

and delayed

immunosuppressive

palpitation,

healing

agent largely

tachycardia,

replaced by

CHF

synthetic
glucocorticoids that

-Monitor for and

report changes in

GI:

mood and

have minimal

Cramping,

behavior,

mineralocorticoid

bleeding,

emotional

activity.

nausea,

instability or

increased

psychomotor

appetite,

activity especially

pancreatitis, with long term use

abdominal,
distention
Metabolic:
Sodium and
fluid
retention

GENERIC
NAME
Tranexamic

BRAND
NAME
Hemostan

DOSAG

INDICATION

ADVERSE

NURSING

ACTION
A synthetic

REACTION
-Severe

CONSIDERATION
-Unusual change in

prompt and

derivative of the

allergic

bleeding pattern should

Classification:

effective

amino acid lysine. It

reactions

be immediately reported

Anti-

control of

exerts its

such as rash,

to the physician.

Acid

E
2 g. IV q8 Used for the

MECHANISM OF

fibrinolytic

hemorrhage

antifibrinolytic effect

hives,

-Instruct the patient that

Anti-

in various

through the

itching,

the medication can be

Hemorrhagic

surgical

reversible blockade

dyspnea,

taken with or without

of lysine-binding

tightness in

meals.

Surgical:

sites on

the chest,

General

plasminogen

swelling of

-Swallow Tranexamic

surgical

molecules. Anti-

the mouth,

Acid whole with plenty of

cases but

fibrinolytic drug

face, lips or

liquids. Do not break,

most

inhibits endometrial

tongue

crush, or chew before

especially

plasminogen activat

operative

or and thus

-Calf pain,

procedures

prevents fibrinolysis

swelling or

-If you miss a dose

on the

and the breakdown

tenderness

of Tranexamic Acid, take

prostate,

of blood clots.

uterus,

swallowing.

it when you remember,

-Chest pain

thyroid,

then take your next dose

at least 6 hours later. Do

lungs, heart,

-Confusion

ovaries,

-Coughing up

adrenals,

blood

kidneys,

not take 2 doses at once.

-Inform the client that
he/she should inform the

brain,

-Decreased

tonsils,

urination

physician immediately if

lymph nodes

the following severe side

and soft

-Severe or

tissues.

persistent

effects occur

headache
-Severe or
persistent
body malaise
-Shortness of
breath
-Slurred
speech
-Vision
changes
GENERIC

BRAND NAME

DOSAGE

INDICATION

MECHANISM

ADVERSE

NURSING

NAME
Vitamin K

Classification:

1 amp. IV

Hypoprothrombinemi

OF ACTION
An

REACTION
-Dizziness

CONSIDERATION
-Give IV by slow

Vitamin

q8 for 3

a secondary to

antihemorrhagi

-Transient

infusion. Rate

Antihemorrhagi

doses

vitamin K

c actor that

hypotension

shouldnt exceed 1

c drug

malabsorption, drug

promotes

after IV

mg/minute in

therapy, or excessive

hepatic

administration

adults

vitamin A dosage;

formation of

-Rapid and

hypoprothrombinemia

active

weak pulse

secondary to effect of

prothrombin.

oral anticoagulants;

products from
-Diaphoresis

prevention of
hemorrhagic

-Protect parenteral
light. Wrap
infusion container

-Flushing

with aluminum foil.

-Erythema

-Monitor PT to

disease .
determine dosage
-Pain

effectiveness as
ordered

-Swelling
-If severe bleeding
-Hematoma at

occurs, dont delay

injection site.

other measures,
such as fresh
frozen plasma or
whole blood
-Watch for signs of

flashing,
weakness,
tachycardia and
hypotension; may
progress to shock
-Failure to
respond to vitamin
K may indicate
coagulation
defects.

GENERIC
NAME
Paracetamo

BRAND

DOSAGE

INDICATION

60 g. IV q6

-Control of pain

OF ACTION
Decreases

REACTION
-Minimal GI

CONSIDERATION
-Monitor CBC, liver

round the

due to headache,

fever by a

upset

and renal functions.

clock

earache,

hypothalamic

Non-narcotic

dysmenorrhea,

effect leading

-Hemolytic

-Assess for fecal

analgesic

arthralgia,

to sweating

Anemia

occult blood and

NAME
Biogesic

l
Classification:

MECHANISM

ADVERSE

NURSING

Antipyretic

myalgia,

and

nephritis.

musculoskeletal

vasodilation.

pain, arthritis,

It inhibits

-Avoid using OTC

immunizations,

pyrogen effect -

drugs with

teething,

on the

Thrombocytop

Acetaminophen.

tonsillectomy

hypothalamic-

enia

-Neutropenia

heat-Reduce fever in

regulating

viral and bacterial

center. It does

infections

not cause

-Take with food or milk

-Pancytopenia

to minimize GI upset.

-Leukopenia

-Report N&V.

ulceration of

cyanosis, shortness of

-As a substitute

the GI tract

-Urticaria

breath and abdominal

for aspirin in

and causes

upper GI disease,

no

-CNS

signs of toxicity.

bleeding

anticoagulant

stimulation

-Report paleness,

disorders clients

action.

pain as these are

weakness and heart

in anticoagulant

-Hypoglycemic beat skips

therapy and gouty

coma

arthritis

-Report abdominal
-Jaundice

pain, jaundice, dark

urine, itchiness or

-Drowsiness

clay-colored stools

-Liver Damage -Report pain that

persists for more than
3-5 days
-Avoid alcohol.
-This drug is not for
regular use with any
form of liver disease.