a

( )
( )
( )
(
)



( )
( )







()NPSH

()flow rate

()m3/hr
()m3/s
()lit/hr
()GPM
))GPS

.
.
( )capacity .
A
:

V Ax

Av
t
t

V t
t
Q
v
x t
1 lit=1000 cm3=10-3 m3 1 gal(US) = 3.785 lit
1hr=3600s :
3

1
:

1bbl=5.615ft3

1 ft=12 inches=30.48 cm

1 inch=2.54 cm

d=3 inch .
50( )50 bbl GPM
:
:

5.615 ft3 30.48cm 3

1lit
1gal
V 50bbl
(
)

2100 .4 gal
3
1bbl
1 ft
1000 cm 3.785lit
:

V 2100 .4 gal
1hr

35GPM
t
1hr
60 min

-1 ( )
:
.
.

Pitot Tube .
(

) Pitot Tube .
.
5

-2 ( )

.
:

:

(:)Pressure Gauge

-3 ( )

( ) .

Z
Z .

Datum level

-4 ( )

... Hf .
Hf :
((d
()Q

((
((L

()
((

Hf :

:
K .
n :
n=1.85 2 :
n=1 :
8

H f KQ

()Fluid Total Head

:

+ + + =
2
P
V
H Hs Hd H p H f H
Z KQ n
2g

( )

( )

10

( )Steady State
.
:
m vA
:

V
m
()
A
: :

Q
vA Q m

1 m
2 v1 A11 v 2 A2 2 Q11 Q2 2
m

(:)A1=A2

v1 A11 v 2 A2 2 v11 v 2 2

(:)1= 2

. :

v1 A11 v 2 A2 2 v1 A1 v 2 A2 Q1 Q2

11

. 1

27m/s 2 .

d2=9cm

:
. :

(d 2 ) 2 v1 (d1 ) 2 v2 (d 2 ) 2

(d1 ) v2
2

d1=3cm

4
d1 2
3cm 2
( v2 v1 ( ) 27 m / s
) 3m / s
d2
9cm

12

v1 A1 v 2 A2 v1

1
( )

.
:

1 2

P1 V12
P2 V22

Z1 H p

Z 2 H f H T
g 2 g
g 2 g

13

1

2

:
()g=9.81 m/s2

) gh

) 2 gh

) gh

) 2 gh

:
:
0

2
2

20
1

P1 V
P2 V

Z1 H p

Z 2 H f H T
g 2 g
g 2 g

.
14

V22
h
V2 2 gh
2g

S.G=0.85
=0.8 cp .
107pa.
5105pa 100
.

P2= 107pa

Z2=300 m

P1= 5105pa

15

1
:
:

P2= 107pa
Z1 =0
V1 V2

P1= 5105pa
Z2 =300 m
?=HP

:
0

P1 V12
P2 V22
P2 P1

Z1 H p

Z2 H f H p Z2
Hf
g 2 g
g 2 g
g

107 5 105
H p 300
100 1539.3m H p 1539.3m
3
0.85 10 9.81

:
16

S .G.
S .G. W
W
W 103 kg / m3 62.4lbm / ft3

1
( )

( )P :

P mv

P
P2 P1
m2v2 m1v1
F

:
t
t
t
mv2 mv1
) (v2 v1 ) F m (v2 v1
m2 m1 m F
m
t

17

( )
()

( ).

) (v2 v1
Fm

...

18

10 kg/s

) 50

) 150

) 200

) 250

V1 =5 m/s

V1 =20 m/s

(v2 v1 ) 10 (20 5) 10 15 150 N

Fm

750

)150kg/s
19

) 37.5kg/s)50kg/s

) 30kg/s

( (Cavitation
Cavity

.

.
.
.
100 5 0 .

. .
(
1000 ) .
.
( 50 )
.
20

.
. -
.

1MHZ .
.
.

.

21

.
. .
:
-1
-2
-3 Pitting
-4 Random

-5 ))Mechanical Seals
()Bearing
22

1
:

.

.

.

( )

23

) pitting (

...

24

((Flow Reducer

()Main Valve
)(Qmin

:
.

( )... .

25

()NPSH

((NPSH .

.
.

NPSH () :

26

.
.

NPSH ()
:

27

.
.

.
:

...

28

()Pump

.
(displacement) (dynamic)

.
:

.
.
( )
.
.
29

30

 2
()Reciprocating Pump

( )Plunger

.

.

.

-1 ()Piston Pump
-2 ()Plunger Pump
-3 ()Diaphragm Pump
31

()Piston Pump

( ) Single Acting ( Double

)Acting .

. (Suction
)Valve ( )Discharge Valve.
.

32

.

.
.
.

()Plunger Pump

.
.

33

-1 ( )course
.
-2
.

34

()Diaphragm Pump

.

.

( ) ( )
.

35

()

()Rotary Pumps

:
.

.

:

.

-1 ()Gear Pump
-2 ()Vane Pump
-3 ()Screw Pump
-4 ()Lobe Pump
36

()Gear Pump

-1 ()Spur Gear Pump

-2 ()Helical Gear Pump
-3 ()Herringbone Gear Pump

37

 2
()Vane Pump

38

( )Rotor
.






.

()Screw Pump
.

.

()Lobe Pump

( )Lobe .

39

.
.

40

( )200gal/min
() ( )150- 300 ft
( ) 650 centistoke

()Dynamic Pumps

( )Positive Displacement

.
() .

( )RMP
( )

41

()Centrifugal Pumps
.

.
.

.

.

.

.
60%
.
42

:
:

()Axial Flow Pump

()Radial Flow Pump
()Mixed Flow Pump

()Axial Flow Pump

43

.
.

()Radial Flow Pump

.
()
.

()Mixed Flow Pump

45 .
() .

44

( )Single Stage ()Multi Stage

.

()Single Stage
.
.

250 300
.

impeller
45

()Multi Stage



.
.

.

.

impellers
shaft

46

()selection of pump class

47

...
( )

48

( )

49

.
:

Q=1000 m3/h
P=100 bar
)
)
)
)
:

.

50

Circumferential Piston
Rotary Pump

Hydraulic Ram Pump

Peristaltic Rotary Pump

Fluid Operated
Diaphragm Pump

Mechanically Operated
Diaphragm Pump

Self Priming Pump

51

52

:
()casing
)(shaft
)(impeller
)(coupling
)(shaft sleeve
))wear ring
()seal
()bearing

53

()casing

.
:

.
.1
.
.2
( )volute .
.3

()shaft

) .

.
.

54

()impeller

Casing
.
( )

.
.

.
:

55

()open impeller
.

.
()semi-open impeller

56

()closed impeller
.

...

()suction eye

57

)(coupling

.
:

.
.

58

)(shaft sleeve

. :

)(wear ring

( )discharge ( )suction
.
59

.


.
...

. :
()impeller wearing ring

()casing wearing ring

( )clearance
:

60

5 .
.
.



. .
:

61

62

:







...

()seal

:
.
.
:

()packing

()mechanical seal

stuffing box
.

63

()compression packing

( )valve .

.
()gland .

64

...

.
.

.
.

.
65

()injection packing
.
.


.

Kem-A-Trix
.

.
.

.
66

Kem-A-Trix :

( )

.
.

( ) .

67

()mechanical seal

.
.
.

.
:
( cc )





()self cleaning

68

( )

()bearing

. .
69

.
( ) .

( ) .

.
70

()diffuser

.



.
.


.

71

.
.
:

()thrust bearing

( )
piston balance
disk balance

( - )
.
.

72

73

74

()troubleshooting

75

()critical speed

76

77

 4





( )

78

:
:
.

.
-1 :

:
P IV
Pi ()W J/s
I ()A
V ()V
( )hp 1 hp=746 W :

79

-2 :

.
d

N
:
F

Pi ()W J/s
F ()N
Fd
d ()m
()1/s

Pi

( ) 3/14 N .

80

2N

4cm .
5000 RPM .
100N .

5000 1 min

523 .33s 1
1 min
60 s

2N 2 3.14

Pi Fd 100 .04 523.33 2093.33W Pi 2.09KW

81

:
.

Po Ph P Q

Po ( )W ) (Ph
.
P ()Pa
Q ()m3/s

Po Ph P Q

:
psi
( )hp
1hp=746 W 1atm=14.7psi=1.01325bar , 1bar=105 Pa :
:
:
)1
)2
)3
82

)Ph (hp) 746 Ph (W

1atm 1.01325bar 105 pa

P(psi) P(psi)

) 6892.86 P(pa
14.7psi
1atm
1bar
gal 3.785lit 10 3 m3 1 min
Q(gal/min) Q

) 6.308 10 5 Q(m3 /s
min
1gal
1lit
60 s :

)Ph (hp) P( psi) Q( gal / min

:

Ph (hp) P( psi) Q( gal / min) 746 Ph 6892.8P 6.308 105 Q

:
Po ()hp
P ()psi
Q ()gal/min=GPM
83

P Q
Ph
1714

:
60 .
230 psi
:
:
P Q 230 60

8.05hp

1714

1714

Ph

:
( ) .

PQ

84

Ph


Pi
IV

Ph PQ

(.)0<<1
( ) % 100 Pi 2N :

% 100

2.210-3
30 220 .

106
)0/66
)0/5
)0/33
)0/25

:
5cm 6.28KW 40 .
500N
() =3/14

)100

85

)200

)250

)500

4
( )

() .

:

P1 + P2 + + Pn = Pt
Q1= Q2= Qn= Qt

:
: Qt

: Pt

2
86

P1 = P2 = = Pn = Pt
Q1+ Q2+ +Qn= Qt

()pump characteristic curve

.
.
:
( )1
(

H
) ( )1.
()
.
( )2

87

( )2.

.
:
( )volute .

.
( )diffuser

.
.
.

.
88

( suction vane tip )discharge vane tip

( )volute throat .
( discharge

)vane tip.

:
.

89

( )pulse
.

()system characteristic curve

1 :

H Hs Hd H p H f

.
.
.
:

90

( :)operation point, duty point

.
.

91

:
()Rising

()Drooping

Q=0 .
Looping .

Q
92

()Steep

()Q=0
.

()Flat

Q

93

))Stable

H
H

Q
94

Q
95

( )H-Q diagram
:

()P-Q Diagram
()-Q Diagram

.
.
.

100%
75% 100%

50%

75%
50%

100%
75%

50%

Q
96

97

:

:
.

:
.

H-Q :

Q
98

( )H-Q diagram

)
99

()single acting
.

100

( )triplex .
.

()double acting
( )

( )duplex .

101

:
.

( )pulsation pressure .
.

102

( : (Em .
90%.

( : (EV
. 100%.
( : )E

E Em EV

( : (FP .

:

:

2
d l Ls
4

:
2
2

(d l d r ) Ls

dl
Ls

:dl ()liner
:Ls ()stroke
103

dr

:dr ()rod

(2d l2 d r2 ) Ls EV

FP

.
.

:

:

d l2 Ls

4
dl

Ls

:dl ()liner
:Ls ()stroke
104

dr

:dr ()rod

d l2 Ls EV

FP 3

( : (N
( )1/s.

( : (Q
. :

Q FP N

d l2 Ls EV N

(2d l2 d r2 ) Ls EV N
105

Q3

)bbl/stroke(
.
dl=6.5 in

FP

dr=2.5 in

(2d l2 d r2 ) Ls EV

Ls=18 in

EV=90%

(2 6.52 2.52 ) 18 0.9in 3 / stroke

in 3
1 ft 3
1bbl
FP 1991.2in / stroke 1991.2
(
)
0.2052bbl / stroke
3
stroke 12in
5.615 ft
3

106