Society of Petroleum Engineers

SPE 35236
Low Cost Solutions for Well Interventions Through Advanced Slickline Services
David R. Larimore, SPE, John J. Goiffon, SPE, Russell I. 8ayh, III, SPE, Halliburton Energy Services

Copyright 1996, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc.

slickline system. Methods for service strategies that

support current economic trends and well solutions will
also be discussed as well as methods to detennine key
needs for appropriate service alternatives.

This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE Permian Basin Oil & Gas Recovery
Conference held in Midland, Texas, U.S.A., 27-29 March, 1996.
This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of
information contained in an abstract submittad by the author(s). Contents of the paper have not
been reviewed by the SOCiety of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the
author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any pos~ion of the Society of
Petroleum Engineers, ijs officers, or members. Papers presented at SPE meetings are subject
to publication review by Edijorial Committees of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Permission
to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied.
The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of whare and by whom the paper is
presented. Write Librarian, SPE, P.O. Box 833836, Richardson. TX 750833836, U.S.A. Telex,
163245 SPEUT.

The combined use of these slickline tools provides a stateof-the-art service system that can provide efficient alternatives
for the advanced service needs in the oilfield today.

Introduction
Modem slickline services have grown from their forerunners flat measuring lines, that were used in the early days of the
petroleum industry for measuring well depths. The flat
measuring lines were calibrated with marked or stamped figures
similar to those on a surveyor's tape. As well depths increased,
so did the problems with the traditional tapes. Procuring tapes
of sufficient length became difficult, stretching of the calibrated
tapes under loads reduced accuracy (so that it was necessary to
correct readings to get accurate depths), and when measuring
lines had to be run in a well under pressure, the flat tape was
difficult to run through packing in a stuffing box. These
disadvantages initiated the adoption of the circular wire for
measuring depth. The circular wire was tagged at equal
increments of length, and the operator kept a record of the
amount ofline paid out and retrieved. Later, measuring devices
with calibrated wheels came into use because they were more
convenient and provided greater accuracy in measurement.
The first slickline that came into general use was for
following the plug during cementing operations. As well depths
increased, and loads imposed on measuring lines increased, it
became necessary to develop higher-strength slickline materials
to keep the diameter size of the wire as small as possible. Since
that time, many improvements have been made in the wire,
slickline drives, and measuring devices, and slick line servicing
provides an effective means for performing well maintenance by
high speed mechanical deployment, manipulation and retrieval
of downhole service tools. Its portability allows it to also be cost
efficient for performing such services in remote locations and on
satellite platforms.
Probably, the first use of slickline as a service method was
in the running of straight hole or slope tests, followed by
bottomhole pressure surveying equipment. I A typical slickline
operation and equipment in use in the mid-1900's is shown in

Abstract
In the past, slickline service has been considered as an option
suited only to routine mechanical well workovers. This is no
longer the case. New technology has expanded slickline
capabilities to include services for well interventions that have
traditionally been reserved for other, more-costly alternatives.
This paper will discuss the innovative equipment that has been
developed to support this technological expansion, all of which
plays an integral part in the expanded slickline concept,
specifically:
An electronic triggering device that provides a safe,
efficient method for firing detonators

A battery-operated, electro-mechanical tool that is

capable of setting wellbore devices with slickline and
braided line without explosives,
An electronic measurement system that can
automatically correct measurement inaccuracies
resulting from line stretch and environmental stress
factors.
A collar locator that can provide verification of collar
locations in a tubing or casing string,
Dataljob loggers or acquisition software systems that
can be connected to the electronic measurement
system to graphically record dynamic infonnation that
occurs during a wireline trip.
A wire line inspection system that can detennine
integrity of both new and used mechanical wirelines
during and before service.
Case histories will be used to provide comparisons of
cost, operational efficiency, and enhanced safety features
of traditional service options and the new advanced

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DAVID R.LARIMORE, JOHN J. GOIFFON, RUSSELL I. BAYH, III

Fig. 1. Wire depth measurements relied solely on mechanical

devices, while manipulation of the downhole tool assembly was
done by hand.
Perhaps a comparison of slickline capabilities today with
this early usage best illustrates the overwhelming advances that
have occurred with this technology. Slickline options now
include such operations as setting and retrieving wire lineretrievable safety valves or plugs, opening and closing downhole
circulating devices, high-speed data retrieval and transmission
for production of quality logs from downhole memory surveys,
accurate correlation of tubing casing collars, and pulling and
running of multiple flow controls. In most situations, profiled
landing nipples or subsurface flow control mandrels that will
help locate and position the service tools at desired depths are
run with the production tubing string.

SPE 35236

the required depth on electric line and activating the tool with
electric charge.
Recently, however, new completion
technologies with wellbore configurations in which the
explosive-type setting method is not desirable have been
introduced to the oilfield. The recently developed monobore
lock/plugging systems are a good example.
In these
configurations, the rapid setting motion provided by explosivecharge actuated tools may not allow the slips and sealing
elements to fully conform to the tubing wall. A new batteryoperated, electro-mechanical downhole power unit has been
developed for slickline application to produce a bi-directional,
linear force for setting or retrieving downhole tools, thus solving
the problem mentioned above with the new monobore systems.
A gear motor operates a linear drive to generate a gradual,
controlled, axial compressive or tensile force to optimize the
setting of downhole completion equipment. The downhole
power unit utilizes specially-developed circuitry to assure that it
will be activated at the proper depth.3
Both of the aforementioned slick line service tools provide
cost effective functionality and can accomplish tasks at
substantial savings over comparable electric line services.
However, the services they offer share one common need for job
success - they depend on measurement accuracy to reliably
place the service tool at a selected depth in the wellbore. To
address the need for increased depth accuracy, an electronic
depth measurement system that automatically corrects
measurement inaccuracies resulting from line stretch and
environmental stress factors was developed. Through the use of
high-speed microprocessing compatible with slickline speeds,
the system has been shown to deliver measurement accuracy
comparable to electric line units. The retrieval of depth, line
speed, line tension, and time data is readily performed for use
with downhole memory production surveys and wire
management programs. 4
With accurate depth measurements available on slickline,
there is still a question as to position in relationship to collars in
the tubing/casing string in the well. A slickline collar locator has
been developed to determine in real time, the position of collars
downhole, and provide that information to the operator. The
slickline collar locator couples a standard electric line collar
locator sensor with a battery-powered "drag" mechanism on the
toolstring and a computer system coupled with the electronic
measurement system at the surface. When the toolstring passes
a collar, the electro-magnetic drag mechanism is triggered,
increasing its frictional engagement against the tubing wall
downhole, and a load change is momentarily sensed by the
electronic measurement system at the surface. This load
information is transmitted to the computer, which processes the
information and sends it to a printer. The printer plots a standard
API log of depth versus load, which can be correlated with
previous collar logs. The slickline collar locator, when teamed
with the electronic measurement system, complements the use
of the downhole power unit for accurately setting plugs and
packers.

History of Equipment and Service Development

Although slickline service capabilities and completion
equipment have continually been improved over the last decade,
a significant increase in the usage of slick line to replace other
more costly service options has only recently been noted. This
has been due to several factors.
The strained economic climate in the oilfield has continually
required conceptual changes in operational strategies and
equipment, but until the declining economic conditions forced
a resurgence of investigation into enhanced efficiency strategies,
very little attention had been paid to slickline depth
measurement capabilities and the technical merit of surface
measurement accuracy during normal operations. Precise
measurements have become more critical for production strings
with mUltiple profiles closely spaced in a tubing string,
(especially if a locating profile had become fouled with scale or
other well debris) or in tubing strings without locating profiles,
such as in the new nipple less, monobore completions. Thus, one
of the major contributors to the increase in the scope of slickline
service has been the capability of a new depth measurement
system to provide improved depth control in servicing
operations. 2 Other equipment, however, has also been
instrumental in this upsurge of slickline usage.
One of the first modem slickline service tools to incorporate
rugged electrical circuitry downhole was the electronic
triggering device (ETD). This battery-powered tool is designed
to allow an explosive charge to be safely and reliably detonated
downhole without the need for
higher-cost electronic
equipment, normally associated with conductor or electric
wireline services. The primary uses of this tool are perforating
and cutting tubing and casing, activating setting tools for bridge
plugs and/or packers, and dump bailing. The compact electronic
triggering device package allows quick and economical response
to situations needing immediate attention and helps eliminate the
costly mobilization charges normally associated with similar
service options.
Traditionally, the method of choice for setting packers,
bridge plugs, and similar wellbore tools has consisted of
running an electrically-activated explosive-charge setting tool to

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LOW COST SOLUTIONS FOR WELL INTERVENTIONS THROUGH ADVANCED SLlCKLlNE SERVICES

Once power is applied, the timing circuits and motion

detector circuitry become active. A second pressure switch is
activated at a higher pressure than the control pressure switch
and completes the connection to the detonator. Three timer
circuits control the firing sequence. The first timer activated
inhibits the operation of the firing timer for a minimum of ten
minutes. Once the cycle of the inhibit timer is completed, the
fire timer begins its operation. During operation of the fire timer
operation, any motion sensed by the accelerometer resets the fire
timer to the beginning of its cycle. Thus motion of the tool as it
is lowered to the desired depth prevents the timer from firing as
the tool string must be motionless for a period of twelve minutes
before the detonator is triggered. A safety time-out timer is
started simultaneously with the inhibit timer. If the firing
sequence does not reach completion, the safety time-out timer
blows a safety fuse so that all power is removed from the tool,
allowing it to be brought back to the surface in an inactive state.

Data/job loggers or acquisition software systems can be

connected to the electronic measurement system to provide a
quality control job report that graphically represents forces and
other dynamic information that occurs during a wire line trip.
The job logger can simultaneously record real-time depth and
time data for merging with downhole memory surveys for
production well logs.
One of the biggest problems facing mechanical slickline
well servicing crews is the need to make judgmental decisions
concerning the usability of wire. A new inspection concept was
applied to slickline operations that incorporates nondestructive
material inspection technology into a new real-time method for
determination of wire condition. The system, which uses eddycurrent inspection methodology, can be used for several different
applications and has the capability to provide information on
various types of wire failure modes. The system helps prevent
miscalculation of wire replacement that can result in costly
fishing operations, or from premature replacement of still-usable
wire. s

Downhole Power Unit (DPU)

Features. The DPU is an electro-mechanical setting device
suitable for setting and retrieving downhole tools on slickline
equipment without the use of explosive charges. 6 The unit is
presently available in two sizes, 3.66-inch and 2.50-inch
diameter. The 3.66-inch tool is capable of generating over
60,000 lbs. offorce over an 8.7S-inch stroke in temperatures up
to 2S0F and pressures of up to 10,000 psi. The 2.S0-inch tool
can generate 30,000 lbs. of force over a 9.S-inch stroke in
temperatures of up to 300F and pressures of up to IS,OOO psi.
As shown in Fig. 4, the DPU consists of three sections. The top
section of the tool encloses the pressure sending actuator, the
middle section is the control and power source, and the lower
section contains the linear drive mechanism. The tool stroke
direction can be selected at the surface depending on the job to
be performed. Typically the downhole power unit is used in the
tension mode for most setting operations such as packers or
bridge plugs. Tool stroke is reversed (extension mode) for
specialized operations such as retrieving a nippleless lock.
Unlike explosive-type setting tools, the downhole power unit is
aided by wellbore pressure when in the tension mode. A
proprietary control circuit controls the setting operation. The
control circuit senses pressure, time and movement. When the
proper conditions are met, the setting operation is activated.
Since no explosives are used, safety is increased, and
maintenance is decreased. The reduced maintenance
requirements allow it to be prepared for each operation within 30
minutes.
Principles ojOperation. The device to be set in the well is
made up to the downhole power unit using a setting adapter(s).
A timer within the downhole power unit is preset before
assembling the tool. The assembly is placed in the lubricator and
installed on the wellhead. When the wellhead is opened, and the
tool string is exposed to wellbore pressure, a pressure switch in
the downhole power unit activates the control circuit. The timer
circuit starts counting through the preset time period to the start
of the setting sequence. Any movement of the tool string is

Of particular interest will be the methodology that allowed

a series of interdependent developments to be combined into a
suite of new slickline well servicing tools and related equipment
upgrades in order to provide more service efficiency for
petroleum operators. New techriology and methods have
facilitated the use of slickline well servicing methods for jobs
traditionally performed by electric line methods. The following
sections will provide a comprehensive review of the component
equipment and the specific contributions each makes in the
scope of the advanced slickline service capabilities. Fig. 2 is a
schematic that shows the wire line truck in use today and
provides an interesting comparison to the truck shown in Fig. 1.
Electronic Triggering Device (ETD)
Features. The electronic trigger device (ETD) brings
perforating capabilities to slickline services (Fig. 3). By
coupling a battery pack, control circuit, firing head and the
proper electric detonator, the electronic trigger device becomes
a self contained system to fire perforating charges, tubing cutters
and other explosive devices. Electric wireline and special
electronic surface equipment is not required. In order to ensure
safe operation, a proprietary control circuit monitors pressure,
time and movement, and when the proper conditions are met, the
detonator is fired. The tool is capable of operation in
temperatures of up to 300F and pressures to up to 10,000 psi
and is available in l-11116-inch OD forthru-tubing applications.
Principles oj Operation. The electronic trigger device
incorporates two independent pressure switches, an
accelerometer (or motion detector) and several timing circuits to
control its operation. The tool is inactive when first assembled
to ensure safety. Following proper explosive safety and handling
procedures, the electronic trigger device is assembled into the
tool string. When the tool string has been placed in the
lubricator, and well pressure is applied, the first pressure switch
engages and applies power to the tool.

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DAVID R. LARIMORE, JOHN J. GOIFFON, RUSSELL I. BAYH, III

SPE 35236

excessive tension override, which can be tied into the hydraulic

drive and will stall the hydraulic drive of the wireline drum if
line tension exceeds the operator's setting, and 3) continuous
recording of depth data in flash memory, which will allow the
wire line operator to recover true depth information regardless of
power failure or inadvertent operator switch interference.
Industry RS-232 and RS-422 serial port communication is
used for recording tool direction, depth, line speed, line tension,
time, and units of measurement.
Portable systems are
configured with extended flash memory for storing depth data
for retrieval at a later time. The depth information can be used
for customer job records or for memory production logging
depth correlation data. The portable offshore unit can also be
suited for Class I, Division II (Zone II) for hazardous zone
operation (i.e., offshore North Sea).
Principles of Operation. Depth measurement with the
electronic measurement system is more accurate than when
conventional mechanical wheel devices are used because of the
capability of the electronic system to compensate for elastic
stretch resulting from line tension and the effects of ambient
temperature on the mechanical measuring wheels diameter.
Elastic stretch is the most critical correction performed by the
depth system. As shown in Fig. 6, .1 08-inch- diameter wire can
stretch 22 feet at 10,000 feet depth, and at the same depth, .092
inch diameter wire can stretch as much as 29.8 feet. Fig. 7
graphically represents how the depth system corrects for lineinduced stretch while the downhole tool assembly is locked onto
a subsurface locking profile. Because certain environmental
stress factors cannot be measured during slickline operations, the
system is conservative at accuracy of 5 feet in 10,000 feet.
Some of these factors are buoyancy and drag or lift, which are
functions of fluid viscosity, wellbore geometry, flowing
conditions of the well, line speed, etc. For all practical purposes,
these factors are inherently measured as tension on the surface.
Controlled system testing proved the system to be accurate
within 0.04% of actual pipe depth, and between surveys was
repeatability within 0.005%. Ongoing retrieval of depth
measurement data will provide necessary information for
increasing depth accuracy.
The depth panel receives two real time data signals - one
from the optical encoder for depth and one from the load sensor
providing raw line tension data. Because of the high speed
inherent with slickline operations, the system utilizes two microprocessors. The main processor performs the depth correction
calculations for ambient temperature, elastic stretch, and actual
line tension using total load from the load sensor and included
rig-up angle. The secondary processor controls all the routine
tasks of interfacing to the displays and transmitting current
depth, tension, line speed, etc. through the RS-232 and the RS422 serial ports. The encoder, which is driven by the mechanical
measuring wheel, sends raw encoder pulses to the depth panel
for processing into corrected depth. The electronic load sensor
provides the means for determining actual line tension. The load
sensor measures the total load and is either attached to one of the
sheaves at the wellhead or is integrated into the slickline counter

sensed by the accelerometer circuit, which sets the timer back to

the beginning of its cycle.
Once the time period has lapsed, the setting sequence
begins. The motor and gearbox start drawing the center power
rod into the tool, which pulls the adapter against the outer part
of the tool. This action continues until the proper compressive
forces are generated, and the device shears free. The motor
continues to run until the power rod reaches its free rotation
point, and the run time timer turns off the tool.
The downhole power unit has two operational modes; these
are the tension (or pull) mode and the extension (of push) mode.
In the tension mode, which is the mode used to set packer-type
devices, the power rod is drawn into the DPU, and as it nears the
end of its stroke, the shear pins connecting it to the downhole
device are sheared. This mode requires that the motor polarity be
set to normal, and the tension guide sleeve is installed into the
DPU. The wellbore device is then attached to the DPU by
means of the appropriate adapter kit. Fig. 5a shows a
configuration with the completed operations after the DPU has
set a nippleless lock. In the extension mode, the power rod
extends outward from the DPU and is used to unlock and extend
wellbore devices before they are removed from the well. This
mode requires reversal of the motor polarity and replacement of
the tension guide sleeve with'the extension guide sleeve. The
appropriate adapter kit is then installed. In the case of a
nippleless lock, this adapter is a pulling prong assembly. The
DPU is landed on the lock, and the pulling prong engages the
lock. Ten minutes after landing, the DPU starts extending the
nippleless lock's sealing elements and release mechanism. The
completed pulling operation for the nipple less lock is shown in
Fig.5b.
Advanced Measurement System
Features. The electronic depth measurement system for
slickline is an operator interface tool that provides accurate
depth and line tension measurements for routine and advanced
slickline operations. The system consists of three primary
components: the depth panel, the encoder, and the slickline
tension-measuring load sensor.
The depth panel and a
combination counter with integral load sensor and depth
measuring wheel can be seen in Fig. 2. The system is suitable for
console mounting in slickline trucks or can be packaged for
portable operation offshore and is compatible with all commonly
used slicklines and braided lines and with 2-, 3-, and 4-foot circumference mechanical measuring wheels. Digital displays
include depth, line tension, and line speed. Analog line tension
dial indicators for gross tension and incremental tension (5 Ibt)
provide the clarity and response sensitivity necessary during
slickline operations. The system can be used with different
encoders (pulse/revolution can be changed) and adapts easily to
existing counter assemblies and can be switched from English to
Metric units of measurement.
To facilitate operational safety, several features have been
incorporated. These are: I) a 100-foot or meter surface alarm
that warns the operator of approaching the surface depth, 2) an

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SPE 35236

LOW COST SOLUTIONS FOR WELL INTERVENTIONS THROUGH ADVANCED SLlCKLINE SERVICES

assembly. The load cell is calibrated at the beginning of each

operation using the depth panel. Witeline tool weight is
measured at the well head before the toolstring is run into the
wellbore.

slickline collar log and memory production logs will be plotted

on a depth base.
Principles of Operation. The system consist of three
primary components: 1) a laptop computer with hard drive; 2)
a thermal graphic printer; and 3) a universal power supply (1230 VDC or 110-240 VAC). These components are packaged
into a carrying case for portability. Once the laptop computer is
connected via the RS-232 to the electronic depth measurement
system, the laptop is ready to receive data. The electronic depth
measurement system is set up to communicate with 8 data bits
and one start/stop bit. Sending an upper case "D" to the system
will return data. This data is converted to standard LAS format
for plotting by the printer. All hard copy output logs or records
are in standard API format.

Slickline Collar locator (SlCl)

Features. The slickline collar locator is an electromechanical device that provides slickline operators with
indications of collar locations in the wellbore. It is used in
conjunction with the slickline electronic measurement system,
a personal computer, and a printer or data/job logger that prints
a log of collar locations as a tool string is raised through the
wellbore. The battery-powered slick line collar locator employs
a standard casing collar locator, signal conditioning assembly
and drag mechanism to sense collars, and when a collar is
passed, increases and decreases line tension. These tension
changes are plotted against depth by the surface equipment, and
thus, the operator is provided with an accurate indication of
collar location. Slickline collar locators are presently able to
operate in tubing sizes that range from ID' s of 2 .125-inch to 7.5inch. The SLCL is shown in Fig. 8.
Principles of Operation. The slickline collar locator is
powered by standard alkaline batteries and can be used in
conjunction with the downhole power unit or the electronic
triggering device. As the tool string is lowered into the
wellbore, the slickline collar locator is inactive. After the tool
string has reached the proper depth, and a preset time period has
lapsed, the drag assembly is activated. The tool string is raised
at a steady rate of fifty to one hundred feet per minute. As the
tool string passes the collars, the drag mechanism is momentarily
energized, which causes a brief increase in line tension. The line
tension increase is sensed at the surface by the electronic
measurement system and plotted by the data/job logging system.
The operator can then compare the plot with an actual electric
wireline casing collar locator log and correlate his depth setting
accordingly. The tool string can be lowered, and the device can
be set at the proper depth.

Slickline Inspection Device

Features. The slickline inspection device employs eddycurrent inspection technology for wire inspection. 7 When
considering costly premature wire failures during slickline
operations, the significance of wire inspection is obvious. The
nondestructive eddy current inspection technology is used for
slickline inspection to 1) ensure integrity of new wire as it is
being spooled, 2) avoid costly replacement of still-useable wire,
3) facilitate general wire-life assessment, and 4) inspect wire
during critical service operations where well conditions can
cause rapid degradation of the wire.
Principles of Operation. The device consists of an
inspection instrument and inspection coil sized specifically for
the wire diameter to be inspected (Fig 12). During operation,
the coil will have high-frequency, low-power alternating currents
passing through it. The alternating current produces an
alternating magnetic field around the coil. When a conductive
test object (such as wire) is positioned within the alternating
magnetic field, an electrical current or "eddy current" is
generated inside the test object. The eddy current and
impedance of the inspection coil is dependent on the test object's
conductivity within the magnetic field. Any changes or
discontinuities in the electrical conductivity of the test object
changes the eddy current, and thus, the impedance of the coil.
Any changes in the inspection coil's impedance are recognized
on the inspection instrument. The test objects electrical
conductivity at a particular point is a function of material
permeability, material composition, and geometric shape. The
slickline inspection device can be used to highlight
discontinuities such as cracks, pits, laps, and other flaws on the
wire's surface. This system uses a self-comparison differential
coil arrangement (Fig. 13) which will locate sudden, localized
imperfections in the wire.
Testing involves threading the slick line through the
appropriately sized inspection coil, which can be mounted
directly to the wireline unit's levelwind/counter. The device can
then inspect for flaws while spooling wire or during an actual
service job.
The actual detection of flaws relies on 1) establishing base
values for the inspection coil's impedance and phase relationship

Data/Job logger
Features. The data/job logger provides a means for
recording the electronic depth measurement data via the RS-232
or RS-422 serial ports. This data includes tool direction, depth,
line tension, line speed, time, and units of measurement. A
printout of information typically retrieved by the data/job logger
is shown in Table 1. By utilizing real time logging software, the
data/job logger can generate historical job summaries, real time
slickline collar locator logs, and/or can be used to produce
memory production logs. Examples are shown in Figs. 9, 10,
and 11. Fig. 9 represents a gauge run in the hole and flowing
surveys at different depths for specified periods of time. Fig. 10
compares a slickline collar locator survey with an E-Iine collar
locator survey in the same well. Fig. 11 shows a computed
printout of a memory production survey. The historical job
summary logs will be represented on a time base, whereas the

723

DAVID R. LARIMORE, JOHN J. GOIFFON, RUSSELL I. BAYH, III

when proximate to sound material using reference wires, 2)

adjusting the instrument so that it notes surface imperfections, 3)
balancing the instrument on these settings and values, and 4)
detecting and analyzing the resulting changes of the coil when
unsound material; i.e., material with a change in the shape of its
surface, replaces the sound material. When a flaw or
discontinuity that exceeds a preset level on the instrument is
detected, an alarm sounds. The extent of the discontinuity can
be judged relative to the base value established by the sample
defects placed on the reference wires or to other flaws.
Although the slickline inspection system cannot provide an
absolute measurement of the flaws detected, it can help to
establish a basis for wire disposition. For example, the sample
defects or notches placed on the reference wires can be used to
establish a pass/fail criteria for a specific wire type and diameter.
After initial discovery by the slickline inspection device, visual
and metallurgical evaluation may be required to determine the
extent of the discontinuity. Field and laboratory testing with the
slickline inspection device has proved beneficial in locating
service-related defects resulting from fatigue, pitting, and
gradual thinning due to mechanical wear and/or effects of
corrosion for used wire and can locate defects in new wire. Figs.
14, 15, and 16 are examples of magnified discontinuities
detected by the slick line inspection device under testing.

SPE 35236

Logger from electronic depth measurement data of a slickline

collar log is shown in Fig. 17. Note the repeatability of the
electronic depth measurement system from 8,900 feet to 9,100
feet, utilizing the slickline collar locator run at various speeds
across the same interval. Also note the flat depth response (with
line tension increase) representing the casing collar. This flat
depth response indicates that the slickline drag mechanism has
momentarily stopped the downhole tool assembly and the
electronic depth measurement system is correcting for the toolinduced line stretch.
The repeatability at various speeds and the precise
correlation of collars provides the necessary tools for accurately
setting plugs and packers with the DPU and perforating tubing
or casing with the ETD on slickline. Because the ETD provides
the capability for firing detonators, its usage can be expanded
into providing conventional electric line services such as cutting
tubing or casing, activating dump bailers for dumping sand or
cement, and/or setting tubing or casing patches. The combined
usage of the ETD, DPU, and electronic depth measuring system
provides a cost efficient plug and abandonment system An
additional advantage to the use of the slickline collar locator is
that it does not transmit its response as an electronic pulse. This
eliminates one problem inherent in the operation of other
conventional electric line collar locators At times, electric line
collar locator signals are attenuated over the depth surveyed and
are hard to distinguish between background noise signals in
flush joint pipe. When this situation occurs, another less cost
efficient correlation tool such as a gamma ray or neutron tool is
required. With the slickline collar locator, the collar response
signal is transmitted at the surface as a line tension increase or
decrease, which is not dependent on amplification of an
electronic pulse. The signal is only transmitted between the
electric line collar locator and the drag mechanism in the tool
string, therefore creating a positive and identifiable signal.
For field job reporting and/or quality control improvement
monitoring, the data/job logger can be utilized with the
electronic depth measurement system by providing hard copies
of job events. These job events are tracked over a period of time
and are represented by depth, line tension, and line speed. Such
information can be important in evaluating job details, job
performance, or determining cause of a survey anomaly or
failure. These reports can be transmitted real time to remote
monitoring locations or can be stored as a hard copy or computer
file for future reference.
Another important consideration in slickline operations is
wire integrity and maintenance. Improperly maintained wire can
break or fail prematurely as a result of stress fatigue, causing
property damage or downtime. By incorporating the slickline
inspection device with the electronic depth measurement system,
locations of defects or abnormalities can be detected, allowing
steps to be taken to prevent untimely wire failure. In addition,
job records can be maintained to help establish maximum limits
for safe wire line usage in specific environmental conditions.

Applications for Advanced Slickline Services

The aforementioned components of the advanced slickline
service system can provide low-cost solutions for well
interventions. System capabilities include:
Setting production and sump packers
Setting tubing and casing bridge plugs for well workovers
or for economical plug and abandonment operations
Perforating tubing or casing
Performing high quality memory production logging
surveys, i.e., gamma, pressure, temperature, spinner,
radioactive tracer, gradiometer, etc.
Activating sample or dump bailers
Changing out gas lift valves
Documenting or reporting historical job summaries in the
form of depth surveyed, line speeds achieved, and resulting
line tensions
Verifying slickline integrity
Combined System Capabilities
The equipment has been designed to provide enhanced
capabilities when used in combination. For example, usage of
the electronic depth measurement system in conjunction with the
slickline collar locator can provide depth correlation equivalent
in accuracy to electric line. The electronic depth measurement
system provides the operator interface and sensitive line tension
measurements for precise control of downhole tool assemblies.
The slickline collar locator provides the method for determining
the position of the casing or tubing collars via line tension
fluctuations measured by the electronic depth measurement
system. A hard copy of the data produced by the Data/Job

724

SPE 35236

LOW COST SOLUTIONS FOR WELL INTERVENTIONS THROUGH ADVANCED SLlCKLINE SERVICES

120 ftlmin over an interval of approximately 200 feet.

Repeatability of the collar locations was within one foot on each
of the runs. The runs were repeated at the 6,000 foot depth and
compared to an electric line casing collar log. The SLCL plots
correlated within one foot of the casing collar locator log at each
of the travel speeds.

Case Histories
Electronic Triggering Device. A major Gulf Coast operator
began two plug and abandonment projects during the fall of
1995. The service options included the ETD service or a
logging service. Since both jobs would be working off liftboats,
and deck space would be critical, the decision was made to use
the ETD service. 18 wells were completed in early December.
The ETD tool had logged over 100 runs, including setting bridge
plugs ranging in sizes of 1.71O-inch- through 9.500-inch OD's,
dump bailing cement, perforating tubing and casing ranging
from 2-3/8-inch through 18 inch. There were over 20 jet tubing
cuts logged as well. The ETD was able to provide the safety and
cost efficiency sought after in these operations.

Data/Job Logger.
Job Log. The frrst data/job loggers were deployed to Oman
to fulfill contractual requirements for job monitoring and
historical job record. As part of the slickline service contract,
the service company was required to provide a historical job
record of each job performed on a specific well. This historical
record was to represent the requirements specified by the
operator's job profile. The record was to include depths
surveyed, line tension during the survey, and line speed for the
entire length of the job. Fig. 19 represents a copy of one job
record performed. The job included running a gauge to top of
the plug, which is represented during time interval from I :30 to
2:30. The operator was then required to pull a plug at a depth of
approximately 4,429 feet, which is represented during the time
interval from 3:00 to approximately 3:30. The rapid increases
and decreases in line tension and line speed indicate mechanical
manipulation or jarring of the pulling tools. Note the sudden
increase in line tension and depth. This was a result of the
downhole tool assembly being forced downhole by an
underbalance situation. After careful examination of the depth,
the tool string was determined to be adjacent to the casing
perforations in the horizontal section of the well. Fortunately,
the tool assembly was not lost and was recovered after several
attempts at forcing the tool string free over the period from 3:30
to approximately 9:00 or 5.5 hours. As evident, this type of job
record can be very useful in determining exactly what happened
during the job to prevent similar situations from occurring on
future well interventions.
Memory Tracer Log.
During hydraulic fracturing
operations, locating the propped and fractured intervals is
extremely important in evaluating overall results. Radioactive
tracers are used to tag the fluid and proppant during the fracture
treatment. After treatment, a radioactive tracer logging survey
is usually performed to determine the placement and distribution
of the radioactive tracers across the fracture interval. From these
surveys, relative fracture widths and proppant concentration can
be estimated. Fig. 20 represents a comparison of raw data from
a radioactive survey performed by electric line and slickline on
the same completion on a West Texas well. The slickline log or
battery-powered memory log was prepared using the electronic
depth measurement data and slow speed (IO ftlmin) slickline
enhancement necessary for the spectral imaging.
The
comparison illustrates the slickline depth control and
repeatability between the different electronic measurement tools.
Slight differences in total gamma ray responses is due to
statistical
measurements
and/or dynamic
triggering
characteristics inherent to tracer tools. The advantage to the
operator in use of the slickline memory production log is the cost

Downhole Power Unit. An operator in the Permian Basin area

of West Texas wanted to plug and abandon wells with plugs that
were to be set at depths ranging from 3,000- to 3,500 feet. A
slickline unit equipped with a 3.66-inch downhole power unit
was used to set the plugs. After the DPU was removed from the
well, the slickline unit was used to place cement on top of the
plug. Because of the minimum redress time required by the
downhole power unit between jobs, the crew was able to set as
many as four plugs in a day. The initial considerations in this P
& A project included safety and cost efficiency. The advantages
to using the slickline deployed DPU were the mobility of the
slickline unit, the elimination of the requirement for explosiveoperated setting tools, and the minimal amount of time needed
to redress the equipment.
Electronic Depth Measurement System. The first slickline
electronic depth measurement systems were installed on the
Alaskan North Slope and are now being used in Canada,
Continental USA, Europe, and South America. Testing and data
retrieval is ongoing with further enhancements planned.
North Slope - Pulling Gas Lift Valves. A typical slickline
operation on the North Slope of Alaska consists of pulling and
replacing worn or defective gas lift valves. In this case history,
the operator pulled and replaced 6 gas lift valves ranging from
depths of 2,000 feet to 8,600 feet using .108-inch-diameter
stainless steel slickline. During this job, depth correlations for
each of the 6 gas lift valves were obtained from the mechanical
counter and the electronic depth measurement system .. Fig 18
represents the depth comparison from true depths to that of the
electronic measurement system and the conventional mechanical
counter. Consistency of the depth correlations were achieved
using the incremental line tension indicator for measuring
precise tool location once locked onto the gas lift mandrel. The
variance of the mechanical counter as depth increases is
indicative of elastic stretch.
SIickiine Collar Locator. The slickline collar locator was run
in a west Texas well to verify its accuracy against a casing collar
locator log. The SLCL was run to a depth of approximately
9,100 feet. Several runs were made at speeds of30, 60, 90 and

725

DAVID R. LARIMORE, JOHN J. GOIFFON, RUSSELL I. BAYH, III

savings that can be realized by reducing the need for more

expensive pressure control (i.e. grease injection units necessary
for electric line run under high tubing pressures) and electric
wire line surface equipment.

SPE 35236

operational safety and efficiency at significant cost savings. The

advanced slickline service equipment now has capabilities to:
1. Accurately locate downhole tubular goods/profiles.
2. Accurately produce quality logs from downhole memory
surveys at half the cost of traditional logging services.
3. Support for alI new completion technologies that require
accurate depth measurement.
4. Facilitate assurance of wire dependability during service
operations.
5. Set bridge plugs and packers without use of explosives.
6. Shift downhole tubular sleeves.
7. Set monobore tools.

Slickline Inspection Device. An operator in Elk City, Oklahoma

had experienced previous problems with premature wire failures,
requested inspection of .1 08-inch-diameter 316 stainless steal
slickline while the new wire was spooled onto the slickline unit.
The instrument settings were adjusted according to the wire
speed and base settings for .l08-inch-diameter 316 SS slickline.
The wire was spooled and inspected at 380 to 475 feet per
minute. The instrument alarmed several times, and the wire was
visualIy inspected each time. Each time, the cause for the
indication or discontinuity was due to rough spots on the wire.
The roughness did not seem to have any significant depth. After
repeated indications, the instrument alarm was readjusted to a
higher setting. There were several indications similar to the
earlier responses, but the instrument did not alarm. After
continuing the inspection, the instrument alarmed at the higher
setting. Careful examination revealed a roughened flat spot.
Using dial calipers, the horizontal dimension was measured to be
. I 05-inch while the vertical dimension measured .108-inch. The
wire-diameter tolerance listed 6n the wire supplier's certification
was .OOI-inch; therefore, the wire was rejected and returned to
the supplier.

Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Halliburton Energy Services for its
support both in developing these systems and publishing this
paper. Special thanks are also extended to Halliburton-Midland
and to Protechnic Corporation for their support in the testing of
these systems.
References

1. API Book 5 ofthe Vocational Training Series, Wireline Operations

and Procedures, March, 1981.
2. D.R. Larimore, W.L. Kerr, and P.L. Hulme, "New Electronic
Measurement System Enhances Slickline Service Capabilities",
SPE Paper No. 26063 presented at SPE Western Regional Meeting,
Anchorage, Alaska, May 26-28, 1993.
3. Gazda, I, and Goiffon,J.J. "A Battery-Operated Electro-Mechanical
Setting Tool for Use With Bridge Plugs and Similar Wellbore
Tools" Paper SPE 29459 presented at the 1995 SPE Production
Operations Symposium, 2-4 April 1995, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
4. Larimore,D.R., Kerr, W.: "Improved Depth Control for Slickline
Increases Efficiency in Wireline Services" CIM Paper No. 94-38
presented at the CIM 45th Annual Tech Meeting & AOSTRA Tech
Conference, 12-15 June 1994, Calgary
5. Fehrmann, G.Z, Nolte, G., Smith, E., Chitwood, G.B.: "New
Wireline Inspection System Offers Expanded Capabilities," Paper
No. 26585 presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and
Exhibition, 3-6 October, 1993, Houston, Texas
6. Goiffon, 1.: "Setting Tool Increases Safety and Decreases Setting
Time for Packers and Bridge Plugs" published in the January
edition of WORLD EXPRO 96.
7. Fehrmann, G.Z., Smith, E., Gibling, G.: "WireIine Integrity
Methods to Prevent Unexpected Wire Breakage" CIM Paper 94-37
presented at the CIM 45th Annual Tech Meeting & AOSTRA Tech
Conference, 12-15 June 1994, Calgary

Future Applications
New approaches to slickline well interventions are now possible
by applying the new philosophies that have been developed. The
advances in downhole electro-mechanical tools can help reduce
or eliminate the need to employ manipulation of downhole
service tools to set and retrieve flow control devices. This
methodology could significantly reduce the fatigue or possible
failure to slickline, which these manipulative operations impose.
In this approach, the downhole tools would generate the forces
necessary to perform such functions without manipulation of the
slickline. The same principles could also apply using the
slickline collar locator communication technique for producing
collar logs. In this application, line tension fluctuations could be
used as a mechanical indicator for monitoring downhole tool
responses to changing well conditions.
Conclusions
When change occurs in an economic climate, it usually triggers
a resurgence of energy into investigation of related technologies
to find more efficient operational strategies that better respond
to the current needs. This trend follows the same pattern in the
oilfield, and the recent decline in the oilfield economy initiated
development of newer operational technologies and equipment
that required a new dimension in service options. To meet the
challenges of these changing technologies, Slickline service has
responded with new tools that interrelate to perform an enlarged
scope of sophisticated service options that can provide enhanced

Si Metric Conversion Factors

psi
x 6.894757
E+OO kPa
Ib
x 4.535 924
E- 01 kg
ft
x .048*
E- 01 m
OF
(OF _ 32)/1.8
= C
psi
x 6.894 757
E+OO = kPa
Ibf
x 4.448 222
E+OO N
in
x 2.54*
E+OO cm

=
=
=

=
=

* Conversion Factor is Exact

726

SPE 35236

LOW COST SOLUTIONS FOR WELL INTERVENTIONS THROUGH ADVANCED SLlCKLINE SERVICES

Table 1.
TYPICAL DATA RETRIEVED THROUGH RS-232
TRANSMISSION
N14R4.DAT.. ... AMS TERMINAL PROGRAM
V1.0 .... 22Aug1992
UD
EU
EU
EU
ED
ED
ED
ED
ED
ED
ED
ED
ED

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

DEPTH
6833.6
6830.4
6827.7
6826.5
6826.1
6826.2
6825.6
6826.1
6826.6
6826.8
6827.4
6831.7

SPEED
155.9
160.0

164.1
48.0
51.9
160.0
232.0
208.0
208.0
300.0
295.9
288.0

TENSION
189
206
418
404
385
379
323
305
298
187
139
166

TIME
10:36:15.46
10:36:16.84
10:36:20.13
10:36:20.68
10:36:20.85
10:36:21.01
10:36:21.23
10:36:21.56
10:36:21.78
10:36:22.61
10:36:22.99
10:36:23.65

727

,
Data/Job Logger
(Portable)
Wirellne Inspection
Device
(Portable)

Mechanical Counter
Small Truck Mounted
Mechanical Slick line Reel
Unit

Elect ronic Depth

Measurement
System

= @ : (!)

2-Wheel Counter

and load Sensor

Operator Manipulating
Mechanical Jar. By Hand

Memory Production Logging

CCUGamma Ray

;j

Pressure
Temperature
Fullbore Spinner

Rgure 1
Typical Slickline Operation

0>

Electronic
Tr lggering
Device

DO'Nnhole --\H""............Power Unit

Figure 2
Advanced SlIckline Operation

SlIckline Fishing Neck

Slickline Fishing Neck

Pressure Actuator

Well Pressure port

Piston Housing Section

Controls and Power Source

Sealing
Element
Compressed

:;:::::,:,1+-- Contact Plunger Section

to

Drive Section
ENERGY
STORAGE
SYSTEM

Combination
Timerl Accelerometer
Section

AdapterKn

DPU Pushes Through

Equalizing Valve

Figure 3
Electronic Triggering
Device

Figure 4
Down Hole Power unit

Figure 5A

Figure 58

WIRE SIZE DIAMETER, INCHES

=...

STRETCH, FEET

0.092

29.8

0.108

22.2

0.125

18.7

0.187

8.5

Slickline Fishing Neck

Collar Locator
l;j
UJ

u.

~
a:
:;;

oI

F?XXX?I
0.092

~"'1
0.108

0.125

0.187

Electronic Subassembly

WIRE SIZE DIAMETER, INCHES

(j
o

Figure 6
Changes In Wire length Due to Wire Stretch at 10,000 Feet for
Mechanical Wireline Under Constant Tension
Depth Change Comparison As Line Tension Is Increased
0.108" Wire (Bright Steel)
-5890 ......- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - : ; - - - - ,

::z::

~895~-----------

Mechanical Depth
Counter

~
w -5900

c
cw

!;(

is

-5905 ..1-1

Mechanical
Jar
Movement

Electrical Measurement
System

-5910

Drag Mechanism

-5915
-5920+r-~--~---~----~----~------~----~

200

400

600
800
LINE TENSION

Figure 7

1000

1200

Figure 8
Slickline Collar Locator

WELL 01..-.
IIAIliBURTONJOOlOGGER
1 - - - - - .:
.:":,,""::,,-:"",,- (JOB INFClUMTION)
DUE IotiY,0211195

U'ID "'Ur.eER

W1REUNE JOO TYPE JlOMNG Sl/RiH

R.LHOIIHOLE Oil GAS
TU8INGPRE5SURE.SlI(N

c.TAlCXiFllE Joblosl.Jotfl.

-------i

nil

400

11500
FEET

GAMMP1U1

API

QMlCC

CPS

130.

--------1
uNITt\O.l........,mIC

2~m

k>

I;
I;

l"-

2000

200'

Pressure I

I:;>

~.1 Fluid I

IDensi~
P,,1s

Ie;:

Gammaf

I",

:~::: :::::'
~:~ ~~~~ :::::
::::: :::~: :f'
:~~ :::~: :::::'

::::::g:::::::

F-

Line
Soeed

:::::

~::: ::::~ ::::::::'

::::::::::: :::::::
::::::::::: ::::::'
::::: :::::: :::j

pinner

t-

:::~ :::::: ::::'

::::: :::::: :::~:

:~::: r
Temperature :::::::::::::;:;:

t-..

'l>

::::::::::: ;;::::I!!I
:::::

I--"'

------I

... J~-t

II

',.

Depth

,bid

2100 -200

'.~ ....................~.~?.~.

IoIETms

1 - - - - - ( G I i P CPEAl.TQASIJIIf>EDr.t4/1COJISI1ION J

'bid
OOllP1A5

TEMPP1U2

LINE SPEED

10001

200C

QTOTP1R5

04000 -200

PBI

1000

lINESPEEDFS300..wrw.

OEKA,*WT()rtS

'bid

12 200

PRESP1U2

TEftSlONF$IOX1ON
OEPTHFSJOOO ...."

QWATP1R5

RHOFP1U1

WHUMP1U1

Ptcll'~EE020c",t"

W'AESIZEOO~""h.

lOAO~U.l.'-'GLE

100

wsa

ru8INGSllEl~PTH.112311'l

I - - - - - - - ( S H U P INFOFNATlON)

WHEHSIZE ,

200

STMITTIIoE 13 ........

~JU.loIoIEO

WIAHlNE (l>ERA.TGI SAl!lo4

2&-JANt5
O.plh Ax.. Curv. : DEPTH Unlta FT

~ ......,..."........................Tension
" ......................................................."'-. .....

w.y,021t9'5/11 (1 .... ~1 0

:*: :*!: ::::::':!.,,:.

::::::0;.:: ::~:::<:,
::::: .:~:: ~~':! .:::::

Line
Tension

xxxx

TTT"TTT

;:;:: ::g:: ~:~: ::;:::

ill:::::::: ::::::;:::::

::::: ::*: :::::::;:;:;.

::::!:::::; :!:!:!!::!::
:.:~ ~!::: !::::: :~:I

r,

.....

P,,1s

.......

~~:::

::?::::::

:o::~ ::::~ X; ,"

;..:::'0::: '':':':<

....

(,.)

:.;!:;!;:; :.=:!:::!:

:::::::::g :::::: ':~'

:~~ ;; ,:: ':~:,

1<

.::~ ~~.: ~::::

<

:1".1:t<1

.:;::.:.;..'

C.

IJ>

t-

1..-

I~

...{
GAMMP1U1

API

.KlIIENlO

=:r!

6200

UNES~

TENSICH
OEKANEWTONS

F'"

10

SOD

l~_C!.

Slickline eeL

1tIIIM

. . . 11M" IIW l1nIllI2C'1I 002 1:w:lM 19111N SO'

CASSINGPlfSSCIIOIf'.1.

200

Figure 9
Data Job Log of Flowing
Survey

AHOFP1U1

QMlCC

.7

OWATP1R5
1.2 -200

,bid

WHUMP1U1

OTOTP1R5

PRESP1U2

OOllP1R5

__ .... ______ !:~_~ ____________ ~~~ -200

,bid

200'

200.

line Speed
Eline <X:L

SPEW 1llIe ..... I

LSQ

11500
FEET

~a~~aa

WHHISIWIN

1IIN$I(I>25I*IN~.!:Mltll. . .

Cacuatec
Flow
Rates

I
I

')

::::::

100

Figure 10
Collar Locator Comparison

400

154

_________ aa_!..~! ___ . _________ ~JP..O -200

TEMPPfU2
DEaF

100.

Figure11
Computed Memory
Production Survey

,bid

200'

BATIERY
CHARGER
INSPECTION INSTRUMENT
STRIP CHART
CONNECTORS
EXTERNAL
BATIERY
CONNECTORS

Figure 14
BUZZER ONr'OfF
SWITCH

WIRE

-~

EXTERNAL ALARM
BUllER

- --

Longitudinal section of nickel al/oy wire with 1850.

CYCles, showing a crack found with the inspection
device. The depth is about 0.023 inch. 100X

INSPECTION COIL

Figure 12
Wireline Inspection System

~
GENERATOR/INDICATOR
DISCONTINUITIES

L--

Figure 15
Photograph of damage detected on a nickel al/oy wire
at counter depths of 462 feet (left) and 368 feet (right).
The pit on the wire at right is pointed out.

MAGNETIC
FIELD
COIL
WIRELINE

DIRECTION
OF MOVEMENT

AC

Figure 13
Inspection System Using Self-Comparison Differential Coils

Figure 16
Photograph of Wire abrasion on cobalt al/oy wire found
with wire inspection device.

TEST WELL

F--_...vfl!iJIU._---flIl1
CXf\oG1U'

ELECTRONIC vs. MECHANICAL

1~J"N-96 015:27:28
Oepth Axe. Curve: OEPTH UNITS: FT

Counter Comparison

..............s;.~t'IJIP9.1..-.."ll"'!rl" ~l<Ir:p.._..........

~t.~ ~"

48

150

CVELP1U3

--..00

{!1

CCl,lftW'"

4" 3"

CC't'I!W'P.

CClRUNo2

CCLRUN06

F=I==F=F=I

'"

i.E

2058

l<+-"r

-~---~---~---~---~

I~~
~~

16rr

I
I

-~---~---~---~---~---I

4997

GASLIFT

I~

VALVE
DEPTH IN

~.

SIiCklinel
Collar
(Line

2990

~
~

FEET

~I~ I I I I I II

fl41rrr l~ 111I

6248

6863

--r---r---T--I
I

I?<

ImJ~
~

I
I

I
I

8565

~~

,~

IR~:~
CClRUN04

.. 38 338

ue

L"'
L""
"'1p-...
CClAUN05

338

-.W:f3iI_-

Figure 17
Slickline Col/ar Log Run at Various Speeds

VARIANCE 10 Feet/Div

.,.
.,.

.9

TUBING DEPTH

58

90

97

48

63

65

ELECTRONIC DEPTH

-G

57

87

92

49

60

62

MECH. DEPTH KB

48

73

69

19

31

38

Gaslift Valves-Depth in Feet

Figure 18

~',,',U.'O"

.10,<0"""0

.. '>'011'"''''0''' ",,'

E-Line Collar
"".fl,".orf~"0,f"U.'::'''Vf'!rE~~P 0~~'"',;::,."",,~!,
0'"

:'::i.~~7~ffi~,~~:~:::~~~ ~~m~:~~o' ~"'."

... ,"f"U 000" .....
.,.NfH "If ,~, ...
''''''<f 0

lOOO ~l"

E-Line Gamma Total

o Slickline Memory Collar

56

110

512

2000

SlIckline Memory Gamma Total

2000

""ff~!~;Y:rw""~;,
,,_IVUO

'fW"O~

~.,

.....

:::'1-

'~,~~th

"""
xxxx

ine
peed

Slickline

""TT"TT"1

~ Memory

- -

E-Line
Gamma
Total

Collar

:::-

Perls

I- ~

I
I

E-Linef ~
Collar

xxxx

"~

;::311>0

I.
mnn

I'IiiO

"'"
I
I

tt:.

-,
xxxx

,~

r- --i

E-Line Collar

..

56

..~

~~H.}:.tl,,.o~~:f ~::O~;'W~$.;'':f40O:~~,,~~)snEo

Slickine Memory ~ i Gamma Total

""'"

o Slickline Memorv Collar

.~ ~

i"C '-

E-Line Gamma Total

110

512

Slickline Memory Gamma

'lIlO,""".)

Figure 19
Oman Case History Job Log

Figure 20
After Frac Radioactive Tracer Log Comparison

2000
2000