1.

_____ refers to the pattern of enduring characteristics that produce consistency and
individuality in a given person.
Personality
2. Dr. Chase believes that one's personality largely reflects inner forces over which one has
no control. Dr. Chase appears to take a(n) _____ approach to personality.
Psychodynamic
3. According to Freud's theory, _____ is only a small part of our psychological makeup and
experience.
conscious experience
4. According to Freud, much of our behavior is motivated by:
the unconscious.
5. Why do dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue offer important data, in the view of
psychoanalytic psychologists?
Dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue offer clues to the contents of the unconscious
mind.
6.To Freud, much of our personality is determined by our _____.
Unconscious
7. Which of the following alternatives best expresses the relationship between the
preconscious and the unconscious in Freud's theory?
The preconscious is a small portion of the unconscious mind.
8. The _____ provides a "safe haven" for our recollections of threatening events.
Unconscious
9. Which of Freud's personality structures is CORRECTLY described?
Idconsists of primitive, instinctual urges
10. The id operates according to the _____ principle in which the goal is the immediate
reduction of tension and the maximization of satisfaction.
Pleasure
11. The _____ is the part of the personality that provides a buffer between the id and the
outside world.
Ego
12. Which of the following components of personality is related to the reality principle?
Ego
13. Which of the following sequences best reflects the order in which Freud's personality
structures develop during infancy and childhood, from first to last?

Id ego superego
14. The _____ is the final personality structure to develop in childhood, represents the
rights and wrongs of society as taught and modeled by a person's parents, teachers, and
other significant individuals.
Superego
15. What do the id and the superego have in common?
They are both unrealistic.
16. Developmental periods that children pass through during which they encounter
conflicts between the demands of society and their own sexual urges are known as _____
stages.
Psychosexual
17. Which of the following sequences indicates the order of the first three stages in
Freud's theory of psychosexual development, from first to last?
Oral anal phallic
18. According to Freud, the _____ stage is a stage from birth to age 12 to 18 months, in
which an infant's center of pleasure is the mouth.
Oral
19. Which of the following stages of psychosexual development is CORRECTLY
matched with an age range?
Anal - 1-3 years
20. According to Freud, a period beginning around age 3 during which a child's pleasure
focuses on the genitals is known as the _____ stage.
Phallic
21. _____ is the process of wanting to be like another person as much as possible,
imitating that person's behavior and adopting similar beliefs and values.
Identification
22. According to Freud, the _____ stage is the period from puberty until death, marked by
mature sexual behavior (that is, sexual intercourse).
Genital
23. Which component of the personality uses defense mechanisms, and why?
The ego uses defense mechanisms to prevent excessive anxiety.
24. Probably the most primary of the defense mechanisms is that of:
repression.

25. The study of defense mechanisms is associated not only with Sigmund Freud but also
with:
Anna Freud.
26. When regression is used as a defense mechanism people:
behave as if they were at an earlier stage of development.
27. Which defense mechanism is CORRECTLY matched with a definition?
Displacement - an unwanted feeling is redirected from a threatening individual to a less
threatening one
28. Read the following: (1) Liz has become more responsive to her partner's advances
since a real "hottie" moved in next door; (2) unable to accept his desire for other young
men, 15-year-old Juan pours himself into his studies; (3) Shauntel tells people that her
coworker Mary dislikes her; if she were honest, though, Shauntel would realize that it is
actually she who dislikes Mary; (4) "Ben's nasty; he's disgusting," says Renee; really,
Renee secretly finds Ben sexy. Which individual is CORRECTLY matched with the
defense mechanism he or she is using?
Juansublimation
29. How do neo-Freudians' thought differ from Freud's original theory?
The neo-Freudians tended to emphasize the importance of the ego rather than that of the
id.
30. Which of the following is NOT one of the neo-Freudian psychoanalysts?
Cattell
31. According to Jung, _____ are universal symbolic representations of a particular
person, object, or experience (such as good and evil).
Archetypes
32. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a personality assessment widely used in business,
industry, and education. Ultimately, it stems from _____ theory.
Jung's
33. _____ is often considered the first feminist psychologist.
Karen Horney
34. According to _____, parents can facilitate their children's development by:
Adler; helping them overcome feelings of personal inferiority.
35. Psychologists who study personality focus on the
enduring traits and qualities we demonstrate over time.
36. If Freddie's id was in charge when his boss told him that he was an incompetent fool,
Freddie might

punch his boss in the face.

37.According to Freud, the ego is referred to as a mediator because it
must balance the needs of the id, superego, and reality.
39. Hannah has a substitute teacher today. She has a strong desire to give a false name but
is concerned about how much trouble she might get in. The desire to change her name
stems from the ________, and the concern about the trouble stems from the ________.
Id; ego
40. Michelle was reared in a home where high moral principles dominated. She has
attended Sunday school and church since early childhood. In high school, her boyfriend
tried to talk her into "sleeping" with him, but something from inside her told her not to.
She felt very proud of herself afterward for holding her ground. According to Freud,
which personality structure made Michelle feel proud of her response?
Superego
41. If Marcy is feeling guilty about lying to her mother, Freud would argue that her
________ is making her feel this way.
Superego
43. Which of the following is a defense mechanism?
Reaction formation
42. Cartoons sometimes depict personal conflict by showing an individual with an angel
speaking into one ear and a devil speaking into the other ear. The angel represents Freud's
idea of the ________, and the devil represents Freud's idea of the ________.
Superego; id
44. Jeff experiences a lot of aggressive feelings toward his overprotective stepfather.
Because he is powerless to aggress openly against his stepfather, Jeff becomes a very
aggressive forward on his basketball team. This is an example of
Sublimation
45. Oberon has always been fascinated by fire, but he knows that it can be dangerous and
sometimes lethal. When he finished high school, he decided to become a firefighter. The
job is extremely fulfilling for him. Freud would probably say that Oberon's fascination
with fire
has been sublimated into a socially desirable behavior.
46. Every time Antony, a 30-year-old architect, experiences hardship, he goes home to his
parents to find comfort in his childhood bedroom. What defense mechanism is in play
here?
Regression

47. What defense mechanism is being used when the ego transforms the unacceptable
(e.g., looking at pornography) into the acceptable (e.g., becoming a vocal advocate
against pornography)?
Reaction formation
48. George's cubicle at work is spotless. Everything on his desk is arranged according to
a specific purpose. He gets very agitated if something is moved or rearranged. Freud
might argue that George is fixated at the ________ stage.
Anal
49. With regard to the question of whether personality is innate or learned, which of the
following personality theory orientations places the most emphasis on biology?
Psychodynamic
51. Emotionally laden ideas and images that have rich and symbolic meaning for all
people are
Archetypes
53. Adler focused on ________ psychology.
Individual
54. Adler believed that birth order
was important to personality development.
55. According to Alfred Adler, people are primarily motivated by
their desire to overcome perceived shortcomings.
56. Jamar is 4-foot-8 and drives a very large car. How would Adler explain Jamar's
choice in cars?
Compensation