8th Science CBSE Test paper Solved Chapter 5 Coal and

Petroleum
1. The slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called ________ Ans:Carbonization
2.Naphthalene balls are obtained from __________ Ans: Coal tar
3.A petroleum product known as __________ is used for metalling the roads. Ans: Bitumen/Asphalt
4. Natural gas is stored under high pressure as _________ Ans: CNG
5.__________ is a cleaner fuel. Ans: CNG
6.__________ is used as a fuel in jet aircraft. Ans: Kerosene oil
7.__________ is the petroleum gas which has been liquefied under pressure.
Ans: LPG
8. The major constituent of CNG is ___________and LPG is --------Ans: Methane ,Butane
9. ___________ is the best known reinforcing agent in rubber industry
Ans: Carbon black
10.The quality of gasoline is generally expressed in terms of _________ Ans: Calorific value
21. How natural gas is transported from place to place?
Ans: Natural gas is transported from place to place through pipeline
2. Name three variety of coal.
Ans: Anthracite, Bituminous and Lignite
3. Why do we need to conserve fuel judiciously?
Ans: The consumption of fuel increases rapidly due to growth of population and these fuels cannot
replenish easily we feel to conserve it by using economically and wisely.
4. Distinguish between exhaustible & inexhaustible natural resources. Give examples.
Ans: The resource those are available for limited period for use is called exhaustible natural resources like
Coal, petroleum, Natural gas etc.
The resource that are available for unlimited period for use is called inexhaustible natural resources like
wind ,water, sunlight etc
5. Name a product of coal which is used in the manufacture of steel. What are its characteristics?
Ans: Coke is a product of coal which is used in the manufacture of steel. It contain 98% carbon
1. Why petroleum is also called black gold?
Ans: The constituents of petroleum are very useful for us. Due to its great commercial importance,
petroleum is also called 'black gold'.
2.What is petroleum? How different fractions of petroleum are separated?
Ans: A dark coloured florescent liquid which occur deep inside the earth is called petroleum.
The process of separating various constituents / fractions of petroleum is fractional distillation in
fractionating columns.
3. Describe the advantages of using natural gas.
Ans: (a) Burn with smoke less flame
(b) Do not leave ash
(c) Having high calorific value about 55kgJ/g
4. We often use LPG in our home for cooking. How you detect the leakage of gas? What substance is
added to LPG for this purpose?
Ans: A gas like hydrogen sulphide which smells like rotten eggs is added to natural gas.
5. What are the harmful effects of burning fossil fuels? How it affect the environment?

Ans: (a)the increases in carbon dioxide lead to large scale environmental damage such as acid rain.
(b)Carbon dioxide that the remains in the upper atmosphere will tend to trap sun rays, which is called the
"greenhouse effect" and leads to global warming.
(c) people can become sick from breathing carbon monoxide emitted from vehicles.
(d) Burning of coal releases sulfur and nitrogen, which help form acid rain
6. Explain petrochemicals?
Ans: Many useful substances are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. These are termed as
Petrochemicals. These are used in the manufacture of detergents, fibres (like polyester, nylon, acrylic),
polythene and other man-made plastics.
5 marks Questions
1. What are the different constituents of petroleum and their uses?
Fraction
Uses
Petroleum Gas
Fuel for home (LPG)
Petrol
Motor fuel
Kerosene
Fuel for stove and jet aircrafts.
Diesel
Fuel for heavy motor vehicles.
Lubricating oil
Lubrication
Fuel Oil
Fuel for Power Stations and Ship
Paraffin wax
Candles, Vaseline
Bitumen
Paints, road surfacing
2. What do you mean by PCRA? What are their tips?
Ans: In india, the Petroleum Conservation Research Association(PCRA) advises people how to save
petrol/diesel while driving. Their tips are
Drive at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible.
Switch off the engine at traffic lights or a t a place where you have to wait.
Ensure correct tyre pressure.
Ensure regular maintenance of the vehicle.
3. We know that coal is formed from dead vegetation. Explain the process of formation of coal.
Ans: Three hundred and fifty million years ago, some plants grew into giant ferns and mosses. These
plants got buried into the bottom of the soil and deposited as fossil due to heat and pressure. The
decaying plants were pressed and coal was formed.
4. Name, constituent of petroleum which is used for following purposes.
(i) To make candles.
(iv) Jet engine fuel.
Ans: (1) Parafin wax

(ii) A solvent for dry cleaning

(v) For lubrication.
(ii)petrol
(iii)Bitumen

(iii) For surfacing roads.

(iv) kerosene

(v)lubricating Oi

Excercise
1. What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?
Answer
The advantages of using compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquified petroleum gas (LPG) as
fuels are:

 They can be burnt directly.

They can be transported easily through pipe lines.
They are clean fuels and do not give smoke when burnt.
They give a lot of heat energy when burnt.
2. Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.
Answer
Bitumen, a petroleum product, is used for surfacing roads.
3. Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?
Answer
Millions of years ago, dense forests got buried under the soil due to natural processes like storms,
floods, and earthquakes. These got compressed as more and more soil got deposited over them.
When they got buried deep in the soil, they were exposed to very high pressure and temperature.
Under these conditions, these slowly got converted into coal. This process of formation of coal
from dead vegetation is called carbonization.
4. Fill in the banks.
(a) Fossil fuels are ________, ________and _________.
(b) Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called _________.
(c) Least polluting fuel for vehicles is __________.
Answer
(a) Fossil fuels are coal, petroleum and natural gas.
(b) Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called refining.
(c) Least polluting fuel for vehicles is CNG.
5. Tick True/False against the following statements.
(a) Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory. (T / F)
(b) CNG is more polluting fuel than petrol. (T / F)
(c) Coke is almost pure form of carbon. (T / F)
(d) Coal tar is a mixture of various substances. (T / F)
(e) Kerosene is not a fossil fuel. (T / F)

False
False
True
True
False

6. Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.

Answer
Fossil fuels require millions of years to form from the dead vegetation and animals that get buried

deep inside the Earth. They require high temperature and pressure for their formation, which
cannot be provided in the laboratory. Thus, fossils are limited. Therefore, the use of fossil fuels at
this rate will lead to their exhaustion.
7. Describe characteristics and uses of coke.
Answer
Characteristics of coke are:
Tough
Porous
Black in colour
Uses of coke:
In manufacture of steel.
In the extraction of metals (as a reducing agent).
8. Explain the process of formation of petroleum.
Answer
Petroleum was formed from dead organisms that got buried in the sea millions of years ago.
These dead bodies got covered with layers of sand and clay. Lack of air, high temperature, and
high pressure transformed these dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas.
9. The following Table shows the total power shortage in India from 1991 - 1997. Show the data in
the form of a graph. Plot shortage percentage for the years on the Y-axis and the year on the Xaxis.
S.
No
.

Year

Shortage (%
)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

7.9
7.8
8.3
7.4
7.1
9.2
11.5

Answer