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Nugroho Pambudi
Universitas Sebelas Maret
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Keywords
tion. The natural state means a state before any exploitation Then,
optimum boundary conditions and values of physical parameters
of the rocks in the model were determined.
2. Conceptual Model
Abstract
1. Introduction
The Dieng geothermal field is located in Central Java, Indonesia (Figure 1). It is situated within the cool volcanic highlands
of the Dieng Plateau at elevations around 2000 m. Most of the
plateau is intensely cultivated, and villages and farms are located
in close proximity to the geothermal facilities.
The Dieng geothermal field began its development in the
1990s. The power plant installed with 60 MWe started operation
in 1998. There are three known discharge areas around Dieng:
Sileri, Sikidang and Pakuwaja (Figure 1). The Sileri area is
characterized by relatively deep, high temperature production.
Reservoir temperatures range from 300-335C, with the first
production zone typically encountered at or below sea level, at
depths between 2000-2300 m. The production zone in Sikidang
is relatively shallow and at lower temperatures than at Sileri.
Reservoir temperatures range from 240-300C, with the production zone in most wells encountered at depths of 1400-1500 m, or
about +500 m to +750 m a.s.l. (Layman et al., 2002). In 2012, the
plant is operating at 22MW because of a lack of steam production.
In this study, a conceptual model of the Dieng geothermal
system was first developed using geological data and temperature
data of exploration wells. Then, a three dimensional reservoir
model using porous media was developed. Unknown parameters
in the numerical model were estimated by natural state simula-
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Hino, et al.
3. Numerical Simulation
3.1 Grid System
The code Mulgraph was used as pre-and postprocessor
(OSullivan and Bullivant, 1995). The grid system of the numerical
model measures 8.0 km by 8.5 km. Elevation of the model was
given in a range from -2.0 km to 2.0 km above sea level. Figure 5
shows the three dimensional blocks of the numerical model. The
model consists of 4560 grids in a size ranging from 250 m by 250
m to 1.0 km by 1.0 km. The model was further divided into 12
layers in the vertical direction with different thickness ranging
from 200 m to 1.0 km. 12 layers were named starting with Layer
A from the top of the model down to Layer L at the bottom layer.
832
Hino, et al.
Figure 5. Three dimensional grid blocks for the numerical model of Dieng
geothermal field.
833
Hino, et al.
Rock type
SIL11
SIL22
SIK11
SIK22
PAK11
ROCK1
ROCK2
ROCK3
ROCK4
AND11
TUB11
CAP11
Figure 8 compares measured and simulated temperature profiles of 6 wells. The simulation was conducted using parameter
values of the optimal model. Permeabilities of the optimal model
are summarized in Table 1, deep recharge rates were the same as
those used in Section 4.
Permeability(m2)
kz
kx, ky
1.010-14
1.010-15
3.010-15
3.010-16
1.010-14
8.010-16
2.010-15
2.010-16
-15
5.010
5.010-16
-16
1.010
1.010-16
3.010-14
1.010-15
1.010-15
1.010-16
5.010-16
1.010-16
5.010-16
1.510-16
2.010-16
1.010-16
-18
1.010
1.010-18
6. Conclusions
We developed a numerical model of the Dieng geothermal
field by forward analysis with TOUGH2. Parameters included in
the model such as permeability, flow rates and enthalpies of deep
recharges were estimated. The results are summarized as follows:
1) The model can successfully reproduce the temperature profiles of 11 exploratory wells with natural state simulation.
2) The temperature distribution in natural state as shown by
Layman et al. (2002) was reproduced. A high temperature
zone of more than 300C was confirmed in the Sileri area
at depth.
834
Hino, et al.
Layman, E.B., Irzawadi, A., Samsudin, W., 2002. The Dieng Geothermal
Resource, Central Java, Indonesia. Geothermal Resources Council
Transactions, Vol.26, p.573-579.
Acknowledgement
Authors thank Geo Dipa Energi for their permission using
field data in this paper.
References
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