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The provision of the 1935 charter on religion mimicked the First Amendment to the
United States Constitution, but the sentences
The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without
discrimination or preference, shall be forever allowed. No religious test shall be
required for the exercise of civil or political rights were appended and this section
became the basis for the non-establishment of religion and freedom of religion in
the Philippines.[21]
With the guarantee of religious freedom in the Philippines, the Roman Catholic
Church clergy subsequently remained in the political background as a source of
moral influence for many voters during elections until today. Political candidates
generally court the clergy for support, although this does not guarantee victory for a
candidate. The Philippines was placed under martial law by dictator Ferdinand
Marcos and relations changed dramatically, as some bishops opposed the martial
law.[22]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "2003 RP Supreme Court ruling in Estrada vs. Escritor".
^ Jump up to: a b c d "2006 RP Supreme Court ruling in Estrada vs. Escritor".
Jump up ^ 494 U.S. 872 (Text of opinion in Employment Division v. Smith from
Findlaw.com)
Jump up ^ "As Justice Sandra Day O'Connor insisted in her strong dissent from the
rationale in Smith, the First Amendment was "enacted precisely to protect the rights
of those whose religious practices are not shared by the majority and may be
viewed with hostility.... The compelling interest test reflects the First Amendment's
mandate of preserving religious liberty to the fullest extent possible in a pluralistic
society. For the Court to deem this command a luxury, is to denigrate [t]he very
purpose of a Bill of Rights.", Flowers 2007, p. 161
Jump up ^ McConnell 1990
Jump up ^ de la Costa 1978, p. 1
Jump up ^ de la Costa 1978, pp. 23
Jump up ^ Agoncillo 1990, pp. 8081
Jump up ^ Agoncillo 1990, p. 74
Jump up ^ Agoncillo 1990, p. 75
Jump up ^ Agoncillo 1990, p. 79
Jump up ^ Agoncillo 1990, p. 125
Jump up ^ Agoncillo & Guerrero 1970, p. 276
Jump up ^ Agoncillo 1990, p. 206
^ Jump up to: a b Schumacher 1976
Jump up ^ de la Costa 1978, p. 31
Jump up ^ Kalaw, Maximo M. (1927). "The development of Philippine politics".
Oriental commercial. p. 431.
Jump up ^ "Philippine Organic Act of 1902". Chanrobles law library. Retrieved 200707-08.