LITERATURE

AND

vided.
Autoradiographic
and radiometric
analyses were successful in determining the
spatial distribution and the bleedout rates
of impregnated oil in the various separators.
This information is being utilized in the development and evaluation of new separator
materials.
Lubricant Evaluation for Bearing Systems
Operating in Spatial Environments.
P. Lewis et al., ASLE Trans., 6 (I) (1963) 6779; 14 figs., 4 tables, 7 refs.
This paper presents a general summary of
the results of several programs which were
directed toward the selection of lubricants
for rolling contact bearings operating in a
spatial environment.
The test procedures and results of evaporation tests on various lubricants and greases
are described. In some of these tests, the effect
of combined exposure to vacuum and radiation was determined. The problem of accelerating the tests in order to simulate long time
exposure to spatial conditions was approached by using higher test temperatures to hasten
evaporation.
Several soft metal films and one plastic coating were evaluated as solid lubricants in
instrument size bearings running at 3000
r.p.m. The results are summarized.

CURRENT

EVENTS

Predicting

335

Elastomer-Fluid

Compatibility

for Hydraulic Systems.

A. Beerbower et al., ASLE
Trans.,
6 (I)
(1963) 80-88; 5 figs., 3 tables, Ig refs.
The elastomers used in sealing hydraulic and
similar systems are frequently swollen or
shrunk by prolonged contact with the fluids.
The fundamental properties, especially the
Hildebrand Solubility Parameter, of the fluid
and elastomer components
are related to
these tendencies.
Basically, the Solubility Parameter concept
has been used to predict suitable elastomeric
sealing materials for various fluids by avoiding close matches in solubility parameter.
The present studies have shown that: (a)
copolymer
performance
cannot always be
predicted by averaging the properties of the
homopolymers;
(b) mixtures of solvents may
not behave like an imaginary single fluid of
average properties; and (c) chemical interactions, hydrogen bonding, and molecular
shape factors introduce major complications.
New correlations are proposed to enable the
hydraulic engineer to obtain Solubility Parameters from the more common properties of
heavy petroleum fractions.

7. SURFACE TREATMENT
(no abstracts)
8. MACHINING AND TOOL WEAR
Two Years of Finish-turning Research at the
Technological
University, Delft.
H. J. Lambert, CIRP-Annalen,
IO (4) (1961/

62) 24C-255; 25 figs., II refs.

For many years the problem of finish-turning
has been very real. The fact that the surfaces
obtained are inferior to those predicted by
theory is disconcerting. These poor results
are due to the formation of grooves in the
clearance face of the tool. The properties of
these grooves were thoroughly studied, and
several causes of groove formation
were
found.
After stabilization, the left flank of the grooves always had the same direction as that
of the chip flow. With this fact as a starting
point, a basic study of the mechanism of chip
formation was made.
Factors determining stabilization were discovered.

It was shown that when the left flank of the

groove had the same direction as that of the
chip flow, the left flank was sheltered by the
shear plane and was no longer exposed to the
causes of wear, which are due to groove formation. This explained the mechanism of
groove formation.
Although no absolute remedy could be found,
this explanation pointed to some ways of
decreasing groove formation.
In the first
placelit) should) be possible to decrease the angle
between chip flow and work-piece centre-line.
It was also shown that, when an axial vibration was imposed, groove formation could be
suppressed. The amplitude of the vibration
has for this purpose to be greater than half the
feed. With this arrangement remarkably good
results were obtained.

Wear> 6 (963)

330-335