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Date: 24-08-2016
AIM:
NAME OF THE
APPARATUS
TYPE
RANGE
NOS
REQUIRED
Ammeter
MI
0-10 A
Voltmeter
MI
0-500 V
Wattmeter
UPF
10A, 500V
Wattmeter
LPF
10 A, 500V
Rheostat
WW
26 ohms/4A
10 A
Connecting wires
THEORY:
Active (or real) power in ac circuits is measured with the help of wattmeter. In balanced 3phase circuits, theoretically it is possible to determine the total power flow from the
measurement of power flow per phase by using a single wattmeter. However, it is usually not
feasible in practice to do so, since this would necessitates opening of the star or delta
connection of the load to insert the wattmeter, which is not possible in most cases.
Furthermore, if there are several loads connected to the same supply mains, some in delta and
others in star, and we wish to measure the total power drawn by all these loads, we shall be
required to use the wattmeters on the supply lines where the possibility of per-phase power
measurement may not exist.
Measurement of Real Power
Real power in balanced (or unbalanced), 3-phase circuits can be measured by employing two
wattmeters in the three lines supplying the load system, irrespective of whether the load is
star or delta connected (or a combination of them). The schematic circuit arrangement used
Prepared By
M. SIVA SATHYANARAYANA
Approved By
HOD, EEE Dept
Page 1 of
Date: 24-08-2016
for such a measurement is shown in Fig. 1. The current coil (cc) of the wattmeters carry line
current and the pressure coil (pc) of wattmeter have line voltage impressed across it. In order
to verify the possibility of 3-phase power measurement with the help of two wattmeters, let
us consider that the load is Y-connected and let the instantaneous voltages and currents in the
R, Y and B phases of the load be (vR, iR), (vY, iY)and (vB, iB) respectively.
Prepared By
M. SIVA SATHYANARAYANA
Approved By
HOD, EEE Dept
Page 2 of
Date: 24-08-2016
It is interesting to note that W1 and W2 may be used in estimating the power factor of the load
provided that the voltage and current waveforms are sinusoidal. Thus
W1=
3VI cos(30 )
and W2 =
Therefore
W2-W1 =
3VI sin( )
3VI cos(30 )
andW2+W1 = VI cos
Hence,
tan 1
W 2 W1
W 2 W1
Prepared By
M. SIVA SATHYANARAYANA
Approved By
HOD, EEE Dept
Page 3 of
Date: 24-08-2016
W.
PROCEDURE:
MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL POWER AND POWER FACTOR:
1. Make connections of the voltmeter and load as per the circuit diagram as shown in the
figure.
2. Switch on the load and take 4 or 5 observations by varying the load.
3. Calculate the power and power factor for each set of observations.
MEASUREMENT OF REACTIVE POWER:
Total Power=W1+W2
Prepared By
M. SIVA SATHYANARAYANA
Approved By
HOD, EEE Dept
Page 4 of
Power Factor=COS
W 2 W1
1
where tan 3
W 2 W1
Date: 24-08-2016
TABULAR COLUMN:
REAL POWER
Voltage
Current
W1
W2
Wattmeter
constant
(K)
Power=
K*(W1+W2)
Power factor
REAL POWER
Voltage
Current
Wattmeter(W)
Wattmeter
constant
(K)
Power= WP=
W*K
Total Power=
3 WP
RESULT:
Power factor and reactive power are measured in a three phase system.
Prepared By
M. SIVA SATHYANARAYANA
Approved By
HOD, EEE Dept
Page 5 of
Prepared By
M. SIVA SATHYANARAYANA
Date: 24-08-2016
Approved By
HOD, EEE Dept
Page 6 of 6