Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ii.
16-1
b.
Use of microprocessor based automatic / manual , energy meter test set like
Cal port + Cal source, Calmate and MTE Type PTS 3.3 C ( Portable Test
System, Microprocessor Based)
16-2
1.
16-3
Than,
400 rev / Kwh = 400 rev / hour, for a connected load of 1000 watt (i.e.1 Kw)
400 rev / h, for 1 Kw connected load = 400 revs / 3600 seconds
Now 400 revs / 3600 seconds of time, for 1 Kw connected load,
400 revs in 3600 seconds for same load,
Hence, 1 revolution will take = 3600 sec / 400 revs = 9 seconds
For 1 minute of time, disc will complete 60 / 9 = 6.66 rev.
Alternatively, for 50 revolutions of disc to complete, you may need this much of time:
50 x 9 = 450 seconds = 450 / 60 = 7.5 minutes.
So observe the time taken to complete 50 revolutions of the disc, with connected load
of 1 Kw. If meter disc takes lesser time as compared to calculated one, than meter will be fast
and vice versa i.e. If disc takes longer time than calculated time, meter will be slow.
Percentage fastness or slowness can easily be worked out as follows;
% Slowness 0r Fastness = Time calculated - Time observed
X 100
Time calculated
Percentage slowness if answer is negative, and percentage fastness if answer is
positive. If answer is zero, it means energy meter is measuring perfectly.
Also, work-out the energy consumption during above test / experiment by noting
initial and final energy readings. Then comparison between calculated and recorded energy
will give the rough idea about meter accuracy.
Rough assessment of speed and speed test of the digital energy meter.
Similarly digital energy meters do have impulse rate i.e. Imp / Kwh instead of rev /
Kwh, as no moving parts are their in these type of energy meters so there is no dial test. If
Imp / Mwh are given on dial (usual values ranges from 0.01 to 20 Imp / Mwh) than convert
it to Imp / Kwh by dividing Imp /Mwh by 1000. On the energy meter dial, two blinking
LED represent Imp / Kwh and KVArh for representation of active and reactive energy
passage respectively.
16-4
These pulses can be read through a digital scanner and can be fed to standard meter
for comparison purpose. The computer also requires ( feed in ) the meter constant of the
target meter, and can be worked out as follows..
Meter Constant of the Target Meter.
M.C = PT ratio X CT ratio X Revolution or impulses / KWh
The standard energy meter of the microprocessor based test set than compares both
the energy meters ( target meter and the standard meter) by way of impulses read through
scanning head and meter constant fed to computer and provide percentage slowness or
fastness.. This type of test can be performed automatically with the help of computer
software.
Likely value ranges from 500 to 100,000 Imp / Kwh and Imp / Kvarh each. As more
energy will pass on through a meter, blinking will go fast and will be slow with less energy
passage through the energy meter accordingly. A visual inspection of the blinking L.E.Ds.
( Light Emitting Diodes ), which provide a rough idea about how much energy passage will
be there, through the meter.
2.
Watt-hour must also be tested for creep by applying 10 percent over-voltage to the
voltage coil, the main circuit (current-coil circuit) being open. The meter must not run under
these conditions.
16-5
-test, simply these voltages (three-phase, four-wire) are tapped from voltage terminals of the
meter under test and can be fed to standard energy meter. The data from the energy meter
under test is provided by a scanner head, to the standard energy meter. A meter constant (C.T
ratio X
P.T ratio X
microprocessor. Sufficient time is being allowed to make the energy measurements by both
of the meters.
The standard energy meter than compares the recordings over a specified period of
time (say 05 minute interval) by both the meters and its built-in microprocessor calculates
and displays the percentage error of the meter under test
PHANTOM OR FICTITIOUS LOADS TEST / OFF LOAD TEST.
When the capacity of a meter under test is high, a test with the ordinary loading
arrangements would involve a considerable waste of power. To avoid this,Phantom or
Fictitious loading is employed which consists in supplying the voltage circuit with the
required ( normal ) voltage, and the current circuit from separate low voltage supply. This
means that the total power supplied for the test is that due to small voltage-coil current at
normal voltage plus that due to the load current at a low voltage; and the total power supplied
is therefore small.
If a high capacity meter is to be tested whilst in service, the voltage coil is supplied
from the line in the normal way; but the current coil is removed from the consumers load
circuit and replaced by a short-circuiting connection (CT shorting links at the test plug). The
current coil is then supplied from a battery (in case of D.C energy meter) or other low voltage
source (in case of A.C energy meters) for purposes of testing.
For percentage error measurements, computer software is configured in steps (a), (b),
and (c) mentioned above along with the time step for each feed. Power factor up to 0.5 ( Cos
60o) must also be fed in case of a.c energy meter testing. Testing in Pakistan is carried out at
0o, 30o,60o lagging phase angles for each load step i.e. 100 %, 50 %, 20 %, and 10 % of rated
load current on the C.T secondary.
16-7
measurement method, power levels are described to computer software by feeding the
corresponding spaces provided for this purpose.
For percentage error measurement by power measurement method, computer
software is configured in steps (a), (b), and (c) mentioned above along with the time step for
each feed. Power factor upto 0.5 ( Cos 60 o) must also be fed in case of a.c energy meter
testing.
b.
set like
Cal port + Cal source, Calmate and MTE Type PTS 3.3 C
( Portable Test System, Microprocessor Based).
The computer need to be connected with Cal port + Cal source, Calmate test sets and
can perform automatic testing.( i.e semi-automatic testing)
The microprocessor contained in the case of MTE Type PTS 3.3 C test set performs
many of the functions to be taken by a computer. Semi-automatic testing features are
percentage error measurement or load point testing.
The load points along with time steps to feed in the meter under test have to be selected from
the default options already configured in the microprocessor. Target Meter type (single phase
or three-phase) with type of connection 3-wire or 4-wire must be defined. Meter constant of
the target meter must be fed to standard test set along with rated voltage and current of the
P.T and C.T secondary respectively.
16-8