Topic 4 - All of Questionbank

1.
What is the correct Lewis structure for hypochlorous acid, a compound containing chlorine,
hydrogen and oxygen?
A.
.. ..
: Cl : O : H :
.. ..
B.
..
..
: Cl : H : O :
..
..
C.
.. ..
: Cl : O : H
.. ..
D.
.. ..
O : Cl : H
.. ..
(Total 1 mark)
2.
Which compound forms hydrogen bonds in the liquid state?

A.
C2H5OH
B.
CHCl3
C.
CH3CHO
D.
(CH3CH2)3N
(Total 1 mark)
3.
How do the bond angles in CH4, NH3 and H2O compare?

A.
CH4 = NH3 = H2O
B.
CH4 < NH3 < H2O
C.
NH3 < CH4 < H2O
D.
H2O < NH3 < CH4

(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
4.
Which combination of the characteristics of element X, a metal, and element Y, a non metal, is
most likely to lead to ionic bonding?
X
A.
low ionization energy
high electronegativity value
B.
low ionization energy
low electronegativity value
C.
high ionization energy
high electronegativity value
D.
high ionization energy
low electronegativity value

(Total 1 mark)
5.
Which particles are responsible for electrical conductivity in metals?

A.
Anions
B.
Cations
C.
Electrons
D.
Protons
(Total 1 mark)
6.
Explain why:
(i)
calcium has a higher melting point than potassium.

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(2)
(ii)
sodium oxide has a higher melting point than sulfur trioxide.

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(3)
(Total 5 marks)
7.
Describe and compare three features of the structure and bonding in the three allotropes of
carbon: diamond, graphite and C60 fullerene.
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(Total 6 marks)
8.
Draw the Lewis structure of CO2 and predict its shape and bond angle.
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(Total 2 marks)
9.
Describe the structure and bonding in SiO2.

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(Total 2 marks)
10.
Explain why silicon dioxide is a solid and carbon dioxide is a gas at room temperature.
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(Total 2 marks)
11.
Describe the bonding within the carbon monoxide molecule.

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(Total 2 marks)
12.
The Lewis structure of SO2 is given below.

..
: O ..
.. S
O:
..
What is the shape of the SO2 molecule?

A.
Bent (V-shaped)
B.
Linear
C.
T-shaped
D.
Triangular planar
(Total 1 mark)
13.
The graph below illustrates how the vapour pressures of ethoxyethane,

CH3CH2OCH2CH3, benzene, C6H6, and water, H2O, change with temperature.
(a)
Using data from the graph, explain the difference in vapour pressure of
ethoxyethane, benzene and water at 30 C.
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(4)
(b)
Use the graph to determine the boiling point of benzene at standard pressure.
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(1)
(Total 5 marks)
14.
Explain the electrical conductivity of molten sodium oxide and liquid sulfur trioxide.
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(Total 2 marks)
15.
Which molecule has a non-bonding (lone) pair of electrons on the central atom?
A.
BF3
B.
SO2
C.
CO2
D.
SiF4
(Total 1 mark)
16.
When C2H2, C2H4 and C2H6 are arranged in order of increasing carbon-carbon bond
strength (weakest bond first), what is the correct order?
A.
C2H2, C2H4, C2H6
B.
C2H2, C2H6, C2H4
C.
C2H6, C2H4, C2H2
D.
C2H6, C2H2, C2H4
(Total 1 mark)
17.
The number of electrons in the valence shell of elements A and B, are 6 and 7
respectively. What is the formula and type of bonding in a compound formed by these
elements?
A.
A2B, covalent
B.
AB2, covalent
C.
A2B, ionic
D.
AB2, ionic
(Total 1 mark)
18.
Lewis structures are represented in different ways in different parts of the world. Two
+
ways of drawing the Lewis structure for H3O are shown below.
Which statement is correct about H3O ?

A.
The ion has a tetrahedral shape.
B.
The HOH bond angle is 120.
C.
The HOH bond angle is 90.
D.
The ion has a trigonal pyramidal shape.

(Total 1 mark)
19.
Which particles are responsible for the conduction of electricity in molten aluminium?
A.
Cations
B.
Anions
C.
Electrons
D.
Protons
(Total 1 mark)
10
20.
The element antimony, Sb, is usually found in nature as its sulfide ore, stibnite, Sb2S3.
This ore was used two thousand years ago by ancient Egyptian women as a cosmetic
to darken their eyes and eyelashes.
(a)
(i)
Deduce the oxidation number of antimony in stibnite.

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(1)
(ii)
Deduce one other common oxidation number exhibited by antimony in

some of its compounds.
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...
(1)
(b)
One method of extracting antimony from its sulfide ore is to roast the stibnite in
air.
This forms antimony oxide and sulfur dioxide. The antimony oxide is then
reduced by carbon to form the free element.
(i)
Deduce the chemical equations for these two reactions.

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(2)
(ii)
Identify two different environmental concerns associated with this method

of extraction.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
11
21.
Methoxymethane, CH3OCH3, and ethanol, C2H5OH, have the same relative molecular
mass.
Explain why methoxymethane has a much lower boiling point than ethanol.
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(Total 3 marks)
22.
Ammonia, NH3, is a weak base.

(i)
Draw the Lewis structure of ammonia and state the shape of the molecule and its
bond angles.
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(3)
12
(ii)
The conjugate acid of ammonia is the ammonium ion, NH4 . Draw the Lewis
structure of the ammonium ion and deduce its shape and bond angles.
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(3)
(Total 6 marks)
23.
Which combination of intermolecular forces, boiling point and enthalpy of vaporization

is correct?
Intermolecular forces
Boiling point
Enthalpy of vaporization
A.
strong
low
low
B.
strong
high
low
C.
weak
low
high
D.
weak
low
low
(Total 1 mark)
24.
Which is the best description of the bonding present in the ammonium ion, NH4 ?
A.
Sharing of electrons between atoms
B.
Electrostatic attraction between ions
C.
Electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons
D.
Sharing of electrons between atoms and electrostatic attraction between ions

(Total 1 mark)
13
25.
The formula of cerium(III) sulfate is Ce2(SO4)3. What is the correct formula of

cerium(III) phosphate?
A.
CeP
B.
Ce2(PO4)3
C.
Ce3(PO4)2
D.
CePO4
(Total 1 mark)
26.
Which molecule has the shortest carbon-oxygen bond length?

A.
CH3COOH
B.
CH3CH2OH
C.
CO2
D.
CO
(Total 1 mark)
27.
Which pair of compounds is arranged in correct order of relative boiling points?

Lower Boiling Point Higher Boiling Point
A.
H2S
H2O
B.
NH3
PH3
C.
HF
HCl
D.
CH3COOH
CH3CH2OH
(Total 1 mark)
14
28.
Which statement about the bonding between carbon atoms is correct?

A.
In C60 fullerene each carbon atom is covalently bonded to three other carbon
atoms.
B.
In C60 fullerene each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon
atoms.
C.
In graphite each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms.
D.
In graphite each carbon atom forms a double covalent bond with three other
carbon atoms.
(Total 1 mark)
29.
Which intermolecular forces exist between molecules of carbon monoxide, CO?

A.
Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces
B.
Dipole-dipole attractions and van der Waals forces
C.
Van der Waals forces only
D.
Dipole-dipole attractions only

(Total 1 mark)
30.
Chloroethene, C2H3Cl, is an important organic compound used to manufacture the

polymer poly(chloroethene).
(i)
Draw the Lewis structure for chloroethene and predict the H C Cl bond angle.
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(2)
15
(ii)
Draw a section of poly(chloroethene) containing six carbon atoms.
(1)
(iii)
Outline why the polymerization of alkenes is of economic importance and why the
disposal of plastics is a problem.
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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
31.
Which pair of compounds is arranged in correct order of relative boiling points?

Lower Boiling Point Higher Boiling Point
A.
CH3OCH3
CH3CH2OH
B.
CH3CHO
CH3CH2CH3
C.
CH3CH2OH
CH3CHO
D.
CH3COOH
CH3CH2OH
(Total 1 mark)
16
32.
What is the formula of magnesium fluoride?

A.
Mg2F3
B.
Mg2F
C.
Mg3F2
D.
MgF2
(Total 1 mark)
33.
What is the shape of the ammonia molecule, NH3?

A.
Trigonal planar
B.
Trigonal pyramidal
C.
Linear
D.
V-shaped (bent)
(Total 1 mark)
34.
Which molecule is polar?

A.
CH2Cl2
B.
BCl3
C.
Cl2
D.
CCl4
(Total 1 mark)
17
35.
Which substance can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the liquid state?
A.
CH3OCH3
B.
CH3CH2OH
C.
CH3CHO
D.
CH3CH2CH3
(Total 1 mark)
36.
Which compound has a covalent macromolecular (giant covalent) structure?

A.
MgO(s)
B.
Al2O3(s)
C.
P4O10(s)
D.
SiO2(s)
(Total 1 mark)
37.
One important property of a rocket fuel mixture is the large volume of gaseous products
formed which provide thrust. Hydrazine, N2H4, is often used as a rocket fuel. The
combustion of hydrazine is represented by the equation below.
N2H4(g) + O2(g) N2(g) + 2H2O(g)
(a)
Hc = 585 kJ mol
Hydrazine reacts with fluorine to produce nitrogen and hydrogen fluoride, all in
the gaseous state. State an equation for the reaction.
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(2)
18
(b)
Draw the Lewis structures for hydrazine and nitrogen.
(2)
(c)
Use the average bond enthalpies given in Table 10 of the Data Booklet to
determine the enthalpy change for the reaction in part (a) above.
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(3)
(d)
Based on your answers to parts (a) and (c), suggest whether a mixture of
hydrazine and fluorine is a better rocket fuel than a mixture of hydrazine and
oxygen.
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(2)
(Total 9 marks)
38.
(i)
Define the term first ionization energy of an atom.

(2)
(ii)
Explain the general increasing trend in the first ionization energies of the period 3
elements, Na to Ar.
(2)
(iii)
Explain why sodium conducts electricity but phosphorus does not.

(2)
(Total 6 marks)
39.
Which species have a dative covalent bond?

I.
CO
II.
NH3
III.
H3O
A.
I and II only
B.
I and III only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
40.
The electronegativities of four different elements are given below (the letters are not
their chemical symbols).
Element
Electronegativity
0.9
1.2
3.4
4.0
Based on this information which statement is correct?

A.
W is a non-metal.
20
B.
W and X form an ionic compound.
C.
Y is a metal.
D.
Y and Z form a covalent compound.

(Total 1 mark)
41.
Which species contain a dative covalent bond?

I.
HCHO
II.
CO
III.
H3O
A.
I and II only
B.
I and III only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
42.
Which substance is made up of a lattice of positive ions and free moving electrons?
A.
Graphite
B.
Sodium chloride
C.
Sulfur
D.
Sodium
(Total 1 mark)
43.
Which order is correct when the following compounds are arranged in order of
increasing melting point?
A.
CH4 < H2S < H2O
B.
H2S < H2O < CH4
C.
CH4 < H2O < H2S
D.
H2S < CH4 < H2O

(Total 1 mark)
21
22
44.
Describe the bonding in iron and explain the electrical conductivity and malleability of
the metal.
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(Total 4 marks)
45.
Ethene, C2H4, and hydrazine, N2H4, are hydrides of adjacent elements in the periodic
table.
(a)
(i)
Draw Lewis (electron dot) structures for C2H4 and N2H4 showing all valence
electrons.
(2)
(ii)
State and explain the HCH bond angle in ethene and the HNH bond angle
in hydrazine.
(5)
(b)
The polarity of a molecule can be explained in terms of electronegativity.

(i)
Define the term electronegativity.

(2)
(ii)
Compare the relative polarities of the CH bond in ethene and the NH bond in
hydrazine.
(1)
23
(iii)
Hydrazine is a polar molecule and ethene is non-polar. Explain why ethene

is non-polar.
(1)
24
(c)
The boiling point of hydrazine is much higher than that of ethene. Explain this
difference in terms of the intermolecular forces in each compound.
(2)
(Total 13 marks)
46.
The reaction between N2H4(aq) and HCl(aq) can be represented by the following
equation.
2+
N2H4(aq) + 2HCl(aq) N2H6 (aq) + 2Cl (aq)

(i)
Identify the type of reaction that occurs.

(1)
(ii)
2+
Predict the value of the HNH bond angle in N2H6 .

(1)
(Total 2 marks)
47.
What are the correct formulas of the following ions?

Ammonium
Hydrogencarbonate
HCO3
HCO3
HCO3
HCO3
A.
NH4
B.
NH3
C.
NH4
D.
NH4
Phosphate
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
(Total 1 mark)
25
48.
What happens when magnesium metal reacts with chlorine gas?

A.
Each magnesium atom loses two electrons and each chlorine atom gains two
electrons.
B.
Each magnesium atom gains one electron and each chlorine atom loses one
electron.
C.
Each magnesium atom loses two electrons and each chlorine atom gains one
electron.
D.
Each magnesium atom gains one electron and each chlorine atom loses two
electrons.
(Total 1 mark)
49.
Which is the best description of ionic bonding?

A.
The electrostatic attraction between positively charged nuclei and an electron pair
B.
The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized negative ions
C.
The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons
D.
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

(Total 1 mark)
50.
Which is the best description of the bonding present in silicon dioxide, SiO2?
A.
Each silicon atom forms four single covalent bonds to oxygen atoms.
B.
Each silicon atom forms two double covalent bonds to oxygen atoms.
C.
Each silicon atom forms two single covalent bonds to oxygen atoms.
D.
Each silicon atom forms four double covalent bonds to oxygen atoms.
(Total 1 mark)
26
51.
(i)
Draw the Lewis structures for carbon monoxide, CO, carbon dioxide, CO2 and
methanol, CH3OH.
(3)
(ii)
List, with an explanation, the three compounds in order of increasing carbon to

oxygen bond length (shortest first).
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
52.
Predict the shape and bond angles for the following species:
(i)
CO2
(2)
(ii)
CO3
(2)
(iii)
BF4
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
53.
Which statements best describe the structure of sodium chloride, NaCl?

I.
Each sodium ion is surrounded by six chloride ions.
II.
The chloride ions are arranged octahedrally around each sodium ion.
III.
The lattice forms a cubic structure.
A.
I and II only
B.
I and III only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
27
54.
Which molecule contains a dative covalent (coordinate) bond?

A.
HCN
B.
H2O2
C.
CO2
D.
CO
(Total 1 mark)
55.
Which statement best describes the intramolecular bonding in HCN(l)?

+
A.
Electrostatic attractions between H and CN ions
B.
Only van der Waals forces
C.
Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding
D.
Electrostatic attractions between pairs of electrons and positively charged nuclei

(Total 1 mark)
56.
Which statement best describes metallic bonding?

A.
Electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions
B.
Electrostatic attractions between a lattice of positive ions and delocalized

electrons
C.
Electrostatic attractions between a lattice of negative ions and delocalized

protons
D.
Electrostatic attractions between protons and electrons

(Total 1 mark)
28
57.
Metal M has only one oxidation number and forms a compound with the formula MCO3.
Which formula is correct?
A.
MNO3
B.
MNH4
C.
MSO4
D.
MPO4
(Total 1 mark)
58.
Which molecule has the shortest bond between carbon atoms?

A.
C2H6
B.
C2H4
C.
C2H2
D.
C2H4Cl2
(Total 1 mark)
59.
(i)
Define the term isotopes.

(1)
(ii)
A sample of silicon contains three isotopes.

Isotope
Percentage abundance / %
28
Si
92.23
29
Si
4.68
30
Si
3.09
Calculate the relative atomic mass of silicon using this data.

(2)
29
(iii)
Describe the structure and bonding in silicon dioxide and carbon dioxide.
(4)
(Total 7 marks)
60.
Draw the Lewis structure of NH3, state its shape and deduce and explain the HNH
bond angle in NH3.
(Total 4 marks)
61.
The graph below shows the boiling points of the hydrides of group 5. Discuss the
variation in the boiling points.
(Total 4 marks)
62.
Explain, using diagrams, why CO and NO2 are polar molecules but CO2 is a non-polar
molecule.
(Total 5 marks)
30
63.
Describe the structure and bonding in silicon dioxide.

(Total 2 marks)
64.
What compound is formed when lithium reacts with selenium?

A.
LiSe
B.
Li2Se
C.
LiSe2
D.
Li2Se2
(Total 1 mark)
65.
How many non-bonding pairs of electrons are there in a nitrogen molecule?

A.
B.
C.
D.
3
(Total 1 mark)
66.
Which molecule contains a bond angle of approximately 120?

A.
CH4
B.
C2H2
C.
C2H4
D.
C2H6
(Total 1 mark)
31
67.
Which compound does not form hydrogen bonds between its molecules?
A.
CH3NH2
B.
CH3COCH3
C.
CH3COOH
D.
CH3CH2OH
(Total 1 mark)
68.
Which substance does not conduct electricity?

A.
Solid zinc
B.
Molten zinc
C.
Solid zinc chloride
D.
Molten zinc chloride

(Total 1 mark)
69.
PF3, SF2 and SiF4 have different shapes. Draw their Lewis structures and use the
VSEPR theory to predict the name of the shape of each molecule.
PF3
SF2
SiF4
Lewis structure
Name of shape
.................................... .................................... ....................................

(Total 6 marks)
32
70.
What is the correct order if the compounds are arranged in order of increasing boiling
point?
A.
CH4 < CH3Cl < SiH4 < CH3OH
B.
CH3OH < CH4 < CH3Cl < SiH4
C.
CH3OH < CH3Cl < SiH4 < CH4
D.
CH4 < SiH4 < CH3Cl < CH3OH

(Total 1 mark)
71.
What is the bond angle in the H3O ion?

A.
104
B.
107
C.
109
D.
120
(Total 1 mark)
72.
How many atoms is each carbon directly bonded to in its allotropes?

Diamond
Graphite
C60 fullerene
A.
B.
C.
D.
3
(Total 1 mark)
33
73.
What is the formula of the compound formed when aluminium reacts with oxygen?
A.
Al3O2
B.
Al2O3
C.
AlO2
D.
AlO3
(Total 1 mark)
74.
Which statement is true for compounds containing only covalent bonds?

A.
They are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely

charged ions.
B.
They are made up of metal elements only.
C.
They are made up of a metal from the far left of the periodic table and a nonmetal from the far right of the periodic table.
D.
They are made up of non-metal elements only.

(Total 1 mark)
75.
How many electrons are used in the carbon-carbon bond in C2H2?

A.
B.
C.
10
D.
12
(Total 1 mark)
34
76.
Which compound has the highest boiling point?

A.
CH3CH2CH3
B.
CH3CH2OH
C.
CH3OCH3
D.
CH3CHO
(Total 1 mark)
77.
What type of solid materials are typically hard, have high melting points and poor
electrical conductivities?
I.
II.
III.
Ionic
Metallic
Covalent-network
A.
I and II only
B.
I and III only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
78.
(i)
Outline the principles of the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
(3)
(ii)
Use the VSEPR theory to deduce the shape of H3O and C2H4. For each
species, draw the Lewis structure, name the shape, and state the value of the
bond angle(s).
(6)
(iii)
Predict and explain whether each species is polar.

(2)
(iv)
Using Table 7 of the Data Booklet, predict and explain which of the bonds O-H,
O-N or N-H would be most polar.
(2)
(Total 13 marks)
35
79.
Predict and explain which of the following compounds consist of molecules:

NaCl, BF3, CaCl2, N2O, P4O6, FeS and CBr4.
(Total 2 marks)
80.
Diamond, graphite and C60 fullerene are three allotropes of carbon.

(i)
Describe the structure of each allotrope.

(3)
(ii)
Compare the bonding in diamond and graphite.

(2)
(Total 5 marks)
81.
State two physical properties associated with metals and explain them at the atomic
level.
(Total 4 marks)
36

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1.

Which compound forms hydrogen bonds in the liquid state?

How do the bond angles in CH4, NH3 and H2O compare?

CH4 = NH3 = H2O

CH4 < NH3 < H2O

NH3 < CH4 < H2O

H2O < NH3 < CH4

low ionization energy

high electronegativity value

low ionization energy

low electronegativity value

high ionization energy

high electronegativity value

high ionization energy

low electronegativity value

Which particles are responsible for electrical conductivity in metals?

calcium has a higher melting point than potassium.

sodium oxide has a higher melting point than sulfur trioxide.

Describe the structure and bonding in SiO2.

Describe the bonding within the carbon monoxide molecule.

The Lewis structure of SO2 is given below.

What is the shape of the SO2 molecule?

The graph below illustrates how the vapour pressures of ethoxyethane,

C2H2, C2H4, C2H6

C2H2, C2H6, C2H4

C2H6, C2H4, C2H2

C2H6, C2H2, C2H4

Which statement is correct about H3O ?

The ion has a tetrahedral shape.

The HOH bond angle is 120.

The HOH bond angle is 90.

The ion has a trigonal pyramidal shape.

Deduce the oxidation number of antimony in stibnite.

Deduce one other common oxidation number exhibited by antimony in

Deduce the chemical equations for these two reactions.

Identify two different environmental concerns associated with this method

Ammonia, NH3, is a weak base.

Which combination of intermolecular forces, boiling point and enthalpy of vaporization

Sharing of electrons between atoms

Electrostatic attraction between ions

Electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons

Sharing of electrons between atoms and electrostatic attraction between ions

The formula of cerium(III) sulfate is Ce2(SO4)3. What is the correct formula of

Which molecule has the shortest carbon-oxygen bond length?

Which pair of compounds is arranged in correct order of relative boiling points?

Which statement about the bonding between carbon atoms is correct?

Which intermolecular forces exist between molecules of carbon monoxide, CO?

Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces

Dipole-dipole attractions and van der Waals forces

Van der Waals forces only

Dipole-dipole attractions only

Chloroethene, C2H3Cl, is an important organic compound used to manufacture the

Draw a section of poly(chloroethene) containing six carbon atoms.

Which pair of compounds is arranged in correct order of relative boiling points?

What is the formula of magnesium fluoride?

What is the shape of the ammonia molecule, NH3?

Which molecule is polar?

Which compound has a covalent macromolecular (giant covalent) structure?

Draw the Lewis structures for hydrazine and nitrogen.

Define the term first ionization energy of an atom.

Explain why sodium conducts electricity but phosphorus does not.

Which species have a dative covalent bond?

I and III only

II and III only