Functio

n is a relation in

D
0
-4
-3
2

R
2
3
-2
-1

which each element of the

domain is paired with only one
element in the range. A pairing
that assigns to each member of
one set, called the domain,
exactly one member of a
second set called the range.
Each member of the range is
assigned to at least one
member of the domain.

Difference between
Function and Mere
Relation

Function cant repeat

abscissa but it can

repeated ordinate.
Mere Relation can repeat
abscissa but cant repeat
the ordinate.

In Mathematics, any set of ordered

pairs is called a relation. For
example, the set
(0,2), (-4,3), (-3, -2), (2,-1)
is relation. The set D of all the first
coordinates of the ordered pairs is
called domain of the relation, while
set R of all the second coordinates

is called range of the relation.

Thus, for the relation just specified,
D= (0,-4,-3,2) and R= (2,3,-2,-1)
There are various ways to picture a
relation. One of these is to use a
table such as the shown Figure 5,
which pictures the relation in the
preceeding example. Another way
is to use a mapping diagram such
as that shown in Figure 6, which
pictures this same relation.

Figure 5.

D
R

-4
-3

2
3
-2
-1

Figure 6.

If relation is such that no two

ordered pairs have the same first
coordinate, the relation is called a
function.

Types of Function
Polynomial Function

 A function in the form f(x) =

Anxn + An-1xn-1 +.+ A2x2+
A1x1 + A0 ,where A is any real
n is a whole number is called
a polynomial function. A
polynomial function can be
classified further depending
on the degree of the given
polynomial. The degree of a
polynomial function is
basically the highest
exponent or power among
the terms of the function.

f(x)= 3x+ 5

Quadratic Function
A polynomial function of
degree two is a quadratic
function in the form f(x)= ax2
+ bx + c, where a,b and c are
real numbers and a=/ 0.
Example:
f(x)= 2x2 +3x + 5

Cubic Function
A polynomial function third
degree is a cubic function of
the form f(x)= ax3 + bx2 + cx
+ d, where a,b,c and d are
real numbers and a =/0 .

Constant Function
A polynomial function is
called constant function
when the numerical
coefficients of all the terms
containing variable x is zero.
It is in the form f(x)=c where
c is a real number.

Example:
f(x)= 2x3 + 5x2 - 7x + 4

Function can represents

as:
By ordered pairs

Example:
f (x) = 0m4 + 0m3 + 0m2 + 0m +
0
f(x) = 10

Linear Function
A polynomial function with
degree 1 is called a linear
function. It is in the form
f(x)= mx + b, where m is the
y-intercept.
Example:

Example 1. Determine if (1,2),(3,4),

(5,6),
(7,8) represent a function
Solution
1
2
5
7

2
4
6
8

Function

By equation or formula

Example 1. Determine if f(x)= 3x2

represent as function
Solution
x

y
3

1
2

2
7

4
8

7
5

Function
By a graph
Example 1: Determine if the points
(1,2),(2,4),(4,8) represents a
function when connected.

Solution
(4,8)
(2,4)
(1,2)

Function

Examples of Function

Sibling to Parent
Patients to Doctor
Costumers to Manager
Players to Coach
Teacher to Principal

1
2

5
6

Z
8
9
0

The Graph of a
Function
If a line or a curve or any geometric
configuration on the xy-plane is
conceived as one that results from
the movement of a point on the plane
in accordance with a fixed relation
existing between x and y, then any
line, curve or geometric configuration
may be associated with a functional
relation between two variables.
The graph of a function may,
therefore, be defined as the totality of
all points plotted such that for every
value of x and y in the function there
corresponds a coordinate point on
the line. The process of constructing
the graph associated with the
function is called graphing the
function.
To obtain the coordinates of a point
of the graph, as arbitrary value of x is
taken and the corresponding value of
the function is computed. For easy
reference, these pairs of values of x
and y thus obtained, are presented in
the tabular form alongside the graph
of the function. While the points
determined by integral values of x are

generally adequate to define the

shape of a graph, a few intermediate
points may have to be obtained by
assigning fractional values of x
particularly in the region where the
curve appears to change direction or
cross the X- axis. The value of x
corresponding to these critical points
of the graph are known as the critical
values of x. These values have their
own special significance in the
graphical solution of equations and
in other aspects of higher
mathematics.

Real life situation

problem involving
function and process
step by step solutions
to these problems.
A supermarket holds a closing
out sale. All merchandise are
sold at 50% discount. For the
convenience of the
shoppers, the marketing
supervisor considers a table
of market prices (php.x) and
their corresponding selling
prices (php.y). a portion of
the table is given the needs
your help to complete it.

Mark
ed
Price
(Php.
x)
Sellin
g
Price
(Php.
y)

5
0

10 15 20 25 30 35
0
0
0
0
0
0

2
5

50 75 10 12 15 17
0
5
0
5

1. Complete the given table.

2. Represent each pair of values
of x and y in the table as an
ordered pair.
(50,25),(100,50),(150,75),
(200,100),(250,125),
(300,150), (350,175)
3. Use ordered pairs in N0.2 and
plot them in the coordinate
plane.

S
E
L
L
I
N
G
P
R

175
150
125
100
75

I
C
E

25

250

50
300 350

4. Connects the point. What do

you notice.?

50

100

150

200

Marked
Price

The relation of each

element of the domain
corresponds to exacts
one element of the range.
Which it is function.