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Review Q: Single Factory spewing shit on a hill is a point, area, fugitive or mobile
source?
A: Point source
Nitrogen oxide
Chroloflurocarbons (CFCs) used to be wudeky used in spray cans and shit. They
migrate to the upper atmosphere and destroy the ozone layer since UV rays break
down CFCs into chlorine that breaks O3 or ozone apart. Cl attacks O3>creates ClO
and O2>ClO binds with 02>Cl is formed again and attacks more ozone (o3)
Thus a single atom of chlorine (cl) can elminate many O3 (ozone) molecules
Ozone concentrations have been decreasing specifically around the poles, with the
lowest being around there due to high Chlorine monoxide (ClO) concs.
Ozone destruction peaks over the southern hemisphere and persists throughout
spring. CFCs were phased out around the 1980s and hydroCFCs are used instead
MODULE 4
Effect o rad transmissed varies via solar angle; higher angles=more intense
warming, lower angles=less intense warming due to the energy being spread over a
wider area
Annual insolation (self explanatory). Lower latitiudes have intense warming. High
latitudes have less warming due to the suns rays striking the earth at a more
indirect angle
Albedo is the percentage of shortwave rad returning from a giben surface compared
to the amount of rad initially striking that surface (Snow albedo of 90%, clouds 60%,
black pavement 3%, water 10%)
Water has the highest albedo thus reflecting sunlight best when the sun is low on
the horizon and the water is a little choppy
Surplus of energy at equator is transported in two forms (sensible and latent heat)
to higher latitudes for a better balanced net rad
Sensible heat is heat transferred by conduction between molecules or convection as
fluid flows
Transfer of heat from molecule to molecule within a substance is conduction
Heat always flows from warmer to colder regions
The greater the temp diff the more rapid the heat transfer
Air is a bad conductor but can carry energy rapidly from different regions through
convection as a fluid/gases
Convection happens naturally, hot hair becomes buoyant and moves up, cooler
heavier air flows towards the surface, gets heated and the cycle repeats, vertical
exchange of heat is called free convection and the rising air bubbles are thermals
This cycle creates convective circulation (thermal cell in atmosphere)
If evaporation is a cooling process because heat is needed for the change in state,
condensation releases heat, melting uses heat, freezing releases heat, changing ice
to gas (sublimation) heat is used
If gas is turned back to ice, heat is released
Week 2 Readings and notes:
Ross Chapters 1-3
Meteorology is the study of weather and climatology which is the study of climate
Climate is decades worth of data, weather is conditions at a certain moment in time
Net result of human caused changes to climate=global warming
Pressure decreases with height in the atmosphere cuz pressure results from weight
of the overlying atmosphere i.e. highest pressure at the surface
Density decreases with height in the atmosphere because air is compressible
Ch.3
When Temp is constant volume and pressure of a gas are inversely proportional this
is Charles law