France

1. French political writers of the eighteenth century were

influenced by Locke and also by the curious contrast which
they perceived between the government of his country and
their own.
2. How did Napoleon Bonaparte heal the wounds of France
inflicted by the Revolution and correct the errors perpetrated
by its leaders?
3. How did Napoleon fuse the French of the ancient regime with
the France of the post-revolutionary ear?
4. How did Nepoleon Bonapart fuse the old France with the new?
5. If monarchical misrole ignited the French revolution, lofty
ideas both inspired and sustained it.
6. Napoleon was the child of the Revolution, but in many ways
he reversed the aims and principles of the movement from
which he sprang
7. No event as encompassing as the French Revolution occurs in
an intellectual vacuum.
8. The connection between the philosophers and the outbreak of
the French Revolution (1789) is somewhat remote and
indirect.
9. The French Revolution (1789) really achieved far less than
what it intended to effect. Do you agree?
10.
The French Revolution (1789) sought to remove both the
religious and secular props of the existing social order.
Elucidate.
11.
The French Revolution attacked privileges and not
property.
12.
The most important single factor in the years
following 1919 was the French demand for security.
13.
The Napoleonic Empire was doomed because of its
inherent and self-defeating contradictions. Elucidate.
14.
The writings of the philosophers had a tremendous
influence on the minds of the people and created a
revolutionary awakening in their minds and formed the
intellectual creed of the French Revolution
15.
To what extent did Napoleons economic war with
England become his undoing?
16.
What were the ideals of the French Revolution of 1789?
How far is it correct to say that it overthrew mercantilism and
the surviving relics of feudalism and contributed to the
political supremacy of the middle class?
17.
What were the main ideas behind the French
Revolution?
18.
Explain why the following documents were
revolutionary when they were written : Declaration of

Independence, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen,

Communist Manifesto,
19.
Explain the impact of the French Revolution on the
Spanish colonies in America.
20.
Cultural Legacy of the French Revolution
21.
What is the legacy of the French Revolution for the
modern world?
22.
What was the impact of the French Revolution on the
social and political life of France?
23.
Discuss some aspects of agriculture in France during the
18th century.
24.
Write a note on Bonapartism. What led to the failure of
the Second Empire in France?
25.
Write a note on the process through which a modern
state developed in France.
26.
Discuss the factors leading to the French evolution of
1789.
27.
Discuss the impact of the French Revolution on political
systems in Europe.
28.
Explain how repression was combined with mobilisation
of popular support under Bonapartism.
29.
Explain the role of masses in overthrowing the Ancient
Regime in France.
30.
Landed classes in France
31.
2 markers each: The Bourgeoisie, The Girondins
32.
The Jacobin Republic and Terror
33.
What are the salient features of modern politics as it
developed in Europe after the French Revolution?
34.
What led to the downfall of the Ancient Regime in
France?
Imperialism and Colonization
1. Discuss the basic feature of colonialism in what ways
colonialism is different from imperialism?
2. European conquest of the world
3. Explain the workings of Imperialism in the context of any one
imperialist country.
4. In what ways are colonialism and imperialism related to each
other?
5. Define: Mercantilism, Colonial state, Canton System
6. What is colonialism? Give an account of the different stages of
colonialism.
7. Write a note on the process of the expansion of the world by
European powers.
8. Write a note on the process through which the European
powers conquered the entire world.
9. Critically discuss the various theories of imperialism.

10.
Discuss the measures taken by the British state towards
modernisation.
11.
What was the impact of Colonialism on Africa? Discuss.
12.
Write a note on the imperialist rivalries that developed
in the late 19th and the early 20th century.
13.
Define nation. What is the process through which
nations have emerged in the world?
14.
Discuss the main features of direct colonial domination
by European powers
15.
Discuss the three stages of British colonialism in India.
16.
Making of the British Nation-State
17.
Examine the features of colonialism with reference to
the stages through which it developed.
18.
Write a note on Theories of Imperialism
19.
What is colonialism? Discuss the various stages of
colonialism.
20.
A cleaver conquer will always impose his demands on
the conquered by installments.
21.
After 1757 there grew up a State of Bengal which was a
sponsored state as well as a plundered state.
22.
Assess critically the economic impact of the British rule
in India till the end of the nineteenth century.
23.
At the end of the Battle of Sedan (1870), Europe lost a
mistress and gained a master
24.
By 1914, the sick man of Europe was no longer just
Turkey : it was Europe itself. Explain.
25.
Colonies are like fruits which cling to the tree only till
they ripen.
26.
Critically examine the culture system in the Dutch East
Indies (Indonesia) during the nineteenth century. Why was it
dismantled?
27.
Critically examine the Dutch colonial policy in Indonesia.
28.
Discuss the emergence of neo-imperialism in the late
nineteenth century.
29.
Discuss the view that the British rule brought about
economic changes in India to serve the needs of the imperial
economy and establish a dependent form of
underdevelopment in this country.
30.
Explain how American imperialism in Philippines differed
with European imperialism in Indonesia and Indo-China.
31.
Explain the British policy of Subordinate union of Indian
States with British India from 1858 onwards? How did the
Government of India implement this policy during this period?
32.
Holland was engaged in a systematic exploitation of
Indonesia in the nineteenth century. Elucidate.
33.
If imperialism is viewed as a phase of the struggle for
power between States, its result must be judged in terms of its
role in power politics.

34.
Imperialism and Colonialism have long employed as
instruments of national policy.
35.
In all the long annals of Imperialism, the partition of
Africa is a remarkable freak.
36.
Mercantilist philosophy was based upon a belief that
private & social interests are not necessarily in harmony.
37.
New imperialism was a nationalistic, not an economic
phenomena.
38.
One great effect of the geographical discoveries of the
15th century was the growing belief that America, Asia and
Africa were to be used extensively for the benefit of
Europeans.
39.
Orientalism produced a knowledge of the past to service
the needs of the Colonial States. Elucidate.
40.
Plantations and mines, jute, banking, insurance,
shipping and export-import concerns in India were run through
a system of interlocking managing agencies.
41.
Portugal and Spain, the pioneers in world exploration,
were also first in the race to conquer overseas countries
42.
Rabindranath Tagores nationalism was based on a
Catholic internationalism.
43.
The British conquest of Sind was both a political and
moral sequel to the first afghan war. Comment.
44.
The British industrial policy in the nineteenth century
ruined the Indian handicrafts.
45.
The British Raj had a deeply racist aspect and it
ultimately existed to protect colonial exploitation.
46.
The Christian Missionary propaganda from 1813
onwards was often insensitive and wounding.
47.
The countries in the Middle East became, after 1919, the
scene of constant effervescence and some striking changes.
48.
The Crimean War was the most useless war ever waged.
49.
The discovery of the new world, coinciding with the swift
diffusion of printed books, taught the Europeans that Truth is
the daughter not of authority, but of time.
50.
The educated middle class in the 19th century often
found the domain of reason to be oppressive, as it implied the
historical necessity of civilizings colonial rule.
51.
The forces of free trade and the British determination to
create a political and administrative environment conductive
to trade and investment had shaped the British policy towards
India in the first half of the nineteenth century. Elucidate.
52.
The Government of India from Canning to Curzon was
regarded as a white mans burden rather than as a call to
creative effort or the preparation for a new era.
53.
The Indian Middle Class firmly believed that Britain had
imposed a colonial economy on India which had impoverished
the country.

54.
The Montague Declaration (20 August 1917) was
observed more closely in the realm of imperial relations than
anything else.
55.
The period 1919 to 1945 is important in the history of
Egypt for the explanation of its resources by Great Britain and
rise of strong nationalism. Discuss.
56.
The railways, instead of serving as the catalyst of an
industrial revolution as in Western Europe and the USA, acted
in India as the catalyst of complete colonization.- Examine.
57.
The rise and expansion of British empire was an
accident rather than the result of a deliberate policy and
design. Critically examine this statement.
58.
The simultaneous expansion of European powers
overseas during the last quarter of the 19th century brought
them into frequent collisions at a remote points all over Africa
and Asia.
59.
The sponsors of the overseas expansion of Europe were
national monarchies.
60.
The treaties made at the Paris Peace conference in
1919-20 were replete with unstable compromises, reflecting
more materialism than idealism. Elucidate.
61.
Trace the stages in the partition of Africa after 1870.
How did it affect international relations?
62.
Trace the various stages of European imperialism in
Africa in the nineteenth century.
63.
What do you understand by Imperialism? How did it
affect the people of Asia in the nineteenth century?
64.
What do you understand by imperialism? State briefly its
unique features in the case of Africa?
65.
What was the culture system in the Dutch East Indies
(Indonesia) during the 19th century? Why was it dismantled?
66.
Write a critique on the partition of Africa from 1870 to
1914, with particular reference to Germanys imperial designs
in the Continent.
67.
Describe the steps, giving examples, by which the
imperialist countries took over most of Africa.
68.
Why were Asian and African countries so easily
dominated by the Western powers?
69.
How did nationalism help to make imperialism popular
in Europe?
70.
Describe the emergence of the United States of America
as an imperialist power Give examples
71.
Explain the meaning of the following terms, with
examples: Sphere of influence, exploitation, extraterritorial
rights, protectorate, Monroe Doctrine, Dollar diplomacy.
72.
Prepare maps of Asia and Africa showing the colonies
and spheres of influence of the various imperialist powers
before the First World War

73.
Write an essay on Slavery and Slave Trade and the
Struggle for their Abolition
74.
How did the empires of the nineteenth and twentieth
centuries differ from the empires of ancient times for
example, those of the Mauryas, the Romans and of Alexander?
75.
Discuss the differences between the imperialist
expansion during the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries
and 1870 to 1914
76.
Name and discuss some of the big problems faced by
newly independent countries Why are their problems also the
problems of all countries?
77.
Discuss the long-term impact of imperialist control on
the countries of Asia, Africa and South America
78.
The Eastern Question has always been an international
question. Elucidate.
Industrial Revolution
1. Explain why the Industrial Revolution led to the emergence of
imperialism
2. Analyse the different ways in which industrialization took
place in Europe.
3. Critically discuss the process of industrialization in Britain,
France and Germany.
4. How did industrial revolution impact the family system in
Europe?
5. How did the industrialisation of Russia take place in the period
prior to the Russian Revolution?
6. How was Russia industrialized during the 19th century?
Examine.
7. Give a critical account of the Agricultural Revolution in
Western Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
How did it affect the social and economic life of the people?
8. The Industrial Revolution brought about great changes in the
social and economic life of Europe. Explain.
9. The Industrial Revolution Changed England in character and
culture.
10.
The Industrial Revolution put mobility in the place of
stability.
11.
The period 1500 to 1700 in Europe has been called the
heyday of the Commercial Revolution. Explain the causes that
led to this Revolution examine its impact on society.
12.
The process of industrialization in some other countries
of Europe was different from that in England.
13.
What was the extent of industrialization in western
Europe by the end of the nineteenth century?
14.
Whoever says Industrial Revolution, says cotton.
Comment.

15.
Identify the main features of industrial development in
India from 1914 to 1947 with special reference to the
emergence of a class of factory laborers.
16.
What conditions are most favourable or essential for
industrialization?
17.
Give examples to show that the Industrial Revolution
with its demand for raw materials and markets made nations
more dependent on one another.
18.
Describe the conditions which prevailed in industrial
cities and factories as the Industrial Revolution spread. How
these conditions were slowly improved?
19.
The Industrial Revolution was a mixed blessing.
20.
Why does industrialization affect farming,
transportation, communication, trade and how does it result in
the need for more education?
21.
How does industrialization help in raising the level or the
standard of living?
22.
Would you say that industrialization was a natural step
in mans progress? Why or why not?
Socialism, Communism, Capitalism, Revolutions
1. The ideology of Subhash Chandra Bose was a combination of
nationalism, fascism, and communism.
2. What were the features of the lower middle classes and the
working classes in Europe in the 18th century?
3. Analyze the changes in social structure as a result of
modernization in the western world.
4. Critiques of Capitalist Economy
5. Explain the views of Rousseau, Karl Marx and Mahatma
Gandhi on the nature of State.
6. How did a nation state system develop among the countries of
Europe in the 19th century?
7. How did the nation-states develop in 19th century Europe?
8. How was the socialist pattern of industrialization different from
the capitalist one?
9. Liberal Theory of the State
10.
Make a comparison between the Capitalist and the
Socialist patterns of industrialization.
11.
Marx on demographic change
12.
Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism
13.
Define: War communism, Welfare State, Comintern
14.
What do you understand by the state? What is the
Marxist understanding of the state?
15.
What do you understand by the state?Write a note on
the major theories of the state.
16.
What is capitalist industrialization?Write a note on the
various theories for the emergence of capitalism. Write a note
on the European penetration of the New world.

17.
What is nationalism?Write a note on its emergence in
modern world.
18.
Write a note on commercial capitalism.
19.
Write a note on the socialist critique of capitalist
economy.
20.
Comment on the formation of the Nation State in
Britain. How was the British national identity fostered?
21.
Define and discuss the characteristics of industrial
capitalism.
22.
Define class society. Distinguish between pre- modern
and modern class society.
23.
Analyse the factors that helped the growth of
nationalism in Eastern Europe.
24.
Write a note on the Chartist movement.
25.
Review the background of the Chartist Movement.
Despite its failure how had their demands been met in the
succeeding years?
26.
The roots of Chartism are partly political and partly
economic. Elaborate.
27.
Discuss some features of the socialist Europe in the post
war world.
28.
Discuss the development of new social classes in
Europe.
29.
Discuss the political transition in Britain between 17801850.
30.
Discuss the position of the peasantry with the
development of capitalism in Europe.
31.
Discuss the process through which Britain made a
transition to a modern polity.
32.
Discuss the role of bureaucracy in the foundation of the
Modern State in Europe.
33.
Discuss the role of the bureaucracy in the formation of
modern European states.
34.
What was the nature of industrial capitalism as it
developed in France?
35.
What led to the economic crisis in Europe in 1929?
36.
What was the nature of the liberal democratic regimes
that developed during the period after the First World War?
37.
What was the process through which a modern class
society emerged in Europe?
38.
Why did the First Socialist Revolution take place in
Russia?
39.
Write a note on modern state and polity as it developed
in Europe.
40.
Write a note on the development of industrial capitalism
in England.
41.
Write a note on the emergence of new social groups in
19th century Europe.

42.
Discuss the significance of Industrial Capitalism in
Europe.
43.
Doctrine of Free Trade
44.
How did Industrial Capitalism develop in England?
45.
How did the landed classes in England respond to the
changes in the economy?
46.
How did the Ottoman Empire break down and make way
for the emergence of a nation-state system?
47.
Revolutions of 1848
48.
The Working Class
49.
Was the British state able to develop a notion of liberty
between 1780 1850?
50.
What are the characteristic features of nationalism as it
developed in Europe?
51.
What are the main features of industrial capitalism?
52.
What are the main features of the modern state and
polity?
53.
What do you understand by class society ?Discuss.
54.
What do you understand by nationalism? How did
nationalism develop in Europe?
55.
What is class society? Discuss the transition to the
modern class society.
56.
Write short note about Reform Act of 1832 in Britain
57.
What is socialism? Why did the first socialist revolution
occur in Russia?
58.
What led to the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe? What
were its consequences?
59.
What was the demographic pattern in Europe in the
18th and 19th centuries?
60.
Account for the growth of Liberalism in Britain in the
nineteenth century. How far did it influence the contemporary
social and economic issues-in the country?
61.
Discuss the nature of the leadership and programme of
the Congress Socialist party.
62.
Effect of British liberalism on the social or economic life
of the people of England.
63.
France was more fertile than Britain in producing new
Socialist theories and movements, though they bore less
concrete results in France than in Britain.
64.
Marxian Communism is primarily the offspring of
German Hegelianism and French Socialism.
65.
Most of the European Revolutions of 1848 were
nationalist as well as popular insurrection against foreign rule
and repressive policy of Metternich.
66.
President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal had the wish to
start the political economy in a fresh, more promising
direction. Do you agree?
67.
Protestantism contributed substantially to the rise of
capitalism.

68.
Rousseaus political philosophy contains the seeds of
Socialism, Absolutism and Democracy.
69.
The Bill of Rights (1688) set the seal on Parliamentary
supremacy in England.
70.
The capitalism which gave the European empires their
apparent solidarity and permanence also hastened their
downfall.
71.
The characteristic motive of this period (1830-1871) was
not so much Liberalism as Nationalism.
72.
The Communist international and the League of Nations
both announced the end of the Balance of Power.
73.
The emergence of left-wing group in the (Indian)
congress radicalized its social economic agenda.
74.
The perpetuation of the economic malaise was the main
cause of the political instability of Europe during the next two
decades (1919-39). Explain.
75.
The promptings of the heart are more to be trusted than
the logic of the mind. Rousseau.
76.
Trace the growth of capitalism in Britain in the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Why was France, as
compared to Britain, late in developing the capitalist spirit and
the institutional framework of capitalism?
77.
Trace the growth of Capitalism in England in the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. How did it affect the
Wage System in the country?
78.
Trace the rise and growth of the New European Society
in the inter-war period.
79.
Explain the meaning of the following terms : Industrial
Revolution, capital, capitalism, socialism, protective tariff,
laissez faire.
80.
What are the main features which distinguish capitalism
from feudalism?
81.
How did the growth of trade unions help to put on end to
the idea of laissez faire?
82.
Study the weaknesses and disadvantages of producing
goods and services under the capitalist system of production.
What are the advantages that a socialist system can have
over a society based on capitalism?
83.
Explain the following terms: Third Estate, Bourgeoisie,
Proletariat, Junkers, Paris Commune, Means of Production,
Socialism, Utopian Socialists.
84.
Two markers: Jefferson, Washington, Thomas Paine,
Louis XVI, Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Napoleon, Simon
Bolivar, Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour, Bismarck, Babeuf, Karl
Marx, Rosa Luxemburg.
85.
When was the First International formed? What were its
main contributions to the growth of the socialist movement?

86.
When was the Second International formed? For which
other great event is that year important? What were the main
aims of the Second International?
87.
Explain the consequences of the economic crisis of
1929-33.
88.
What, in your view, led to the collapse of the Soviet
Union and of the communist governments there and mother
countries of Europe? Do you think this collapse means that
ideas of socialism are no longer relevant? Discuss.
89.
Discuss the Secret society movement in Europe.
90.
Critically examine the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Did he want to introduce a sort of socialism?
America
1. Critically examine the nature of the American War of
Independence.
2. What were the distinguishing features of American society
before the American revolution? How did they affect the
subsequent revolutionary process?
3. Discuss the characteristics of pre-revolutionary American
society.
4. Discuss the important factors responsible for the American
Revolution. What were the effects of the Revolution?
5. How did the peculiarity of being a new society affect the
American Revolution?
6. The American Revolution
7. The notion of liberty
8. At the news of the Declaration of Independence crowds
gathered to cheer, fire guns and cannon and ring church bells
in Philadelphia. Boston and other places, but there were many
people in America who did not rejoice.
9. No Taxation without representation.
10.
The American Revolution was a natural and even
expected event in the history of colonial people who had come
of age.
11.
The American Revolution was essentially as economic
conflict between American capitalism as British mercantilism.
12.
The American War of Independence deprived Great
Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of
another .
13.
The American war of Independence transformed
Europeans as well as America.
14.
The Great Depression (1928-34) was attended by
momentous consequences in the economic as well as in the
political sphere.
15.
To some extent, the American War of Independence
inspired the French Revolution

16.
What were the factors that worked in the drafting of the
American Constitution? Do you agreee the US constitution
being an Economic Document?
17.
How far is it correct to say that every feature of the
American Constitution was ultimately of English Origin?
18.
Explain briefly the conditions that brought about the
American and French revolutions.
19.
Write a note on People Revolt when Conditions become
Unbearable, using the either French, Russian or American
revolutions as evidence.
20.
Examine the issues involved in the American Civil War.
Was it a contest between two separate nations?
Russia
1. What were the main features of industrialisation in Russia?
2. Bolsheviks
3. What is the significance of the Russian Revolution in the
modern world?
4. What led to the Russian Revolution of 1917?What was its
legacy?
5. Write a note on the October Revolution in Russia.
6. Write a note on the significance of Russian Revolution for 20th
century politics.
7. Collectivization of Agriculture in USSR.
8. Account for the overthrow of the Tsarist regime in Russia.
9. Analyze the causes of the Russian Revolutions of 1917. Why
was the second Revolution significant in more than one way?
10.
Examine the causes of the Russian Revolution of 1917
and indicate its significance in world history.
11.
In Russia, Lenin was the father of socialism, organizer of
the revolution and the founder of the new Russian society.
Examine the statement.
12.
Lenins role in the Russian Revolution of 1917
13.
The impact of the French Revolution (1789) was initially
confined the Europe, but, that of the Russia Revolution (1917)
was global. Critically review.
14.
The Russian Revolution (1917) was an economic
explosion hastened by the stupidities of the autocratic
Governments
15.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a single revolution
which developed two phases. Elucidate.
16.
What were the causes for the success of Bolshevik
Revolution of 1917? Discuss its significance in the history of
the world.
17.
Stalinist Russia was a despotic regime. Critically
examine this view.
18.
Explain the following terms: Bolsheviks, Mensheviks,
Soviet, February Revolution, October Revolution, Bloody
Sunday, Communist International

19.
Describe the social and economic conditions in Russia
before the Revolution of 1917. How did Russias participation
in the First World War help create conditions for the fall of the
Russian autocracy,
20.
What were the main objectives of the Russian
revolutionaries?
21.
Describe the immediate consequences of the October
Revolution on Russias participation in the First World War, the
ownership of land, and position of the non-Russian
nationalities of the Russian empire.
22.
Explain the attitude of the USSR. towards the
movements for independence in Asia.
23.
Discuss the impact of the Russian Revolution on the
world.
24.
Discuss the view that the Russian Revolution was
brought about by a small group of revolutionaries without the
support of the masses.
China
1. What were the basic characteristics of traditional Chinese
economy? What was the attitude of Chinese bourgeoisie
towards the 1911 Revolution?
2. Examine the main features of the May Fourth Movement.
3. By 1861, China may be said to have been fully though
grudgingly opened to the Westerner.
4. Critically analysis the cause and the results of the Chinese
revolution of 1940
5. Discuss the circumstances leading to the Chinese Revolution
of 1949 and analyse its significance.
6. Discuss the internal problem of China after the First World War
and account for the establishment of Communist rule in the
China in 1949
7. Divided into spheres of influence by foreign powers, China in
the 19th century presented a sorry spectacle. How did China
react to it?
8. Examine the circumstances in china in the years 1945-49.
What did the United States do to resolve the conflict between
the Nationalists and the Communists there?
9. How did the Treaty Port System in China develop between
1840 and 1860? What was its inference on Chinese attitude to
foreigners?
10.
Importance of the Opium War in the history of China.
Give a critical account of the progress of merchantalism in the
17th century. How far is it correct to say that it paved the way
for the Industrial Revolution?
11.
Review the political circumstances in China in the years
1945-49 leading to the establishment of the Communist rule
in the land. How did the United States seek to resolve the

conflict between the Nationalists and the communists in the

period?
12.
The Treaty of Nanking is the basic act in the imposing
but unstable structure of international relations which
governed China for a hundred years.
13.
With the proclamation in Nanking of a Chinese Republic
with Sun-Yat-Sen as the President in 1911, the old China wilted
rapidly.
14.
The years 1840 to 1860 confronted the Ching dynasty
and the people of China with unprecedented crises due to
imperialist designs of western powers. Discuss critically.
15.
To what extent did the Western powers bring China
under their domination without annexation?
16.
Trace the distinct phases of the Sino-Japanese War.
Assess its political economic and cultural impact on China,
both occupied and free.
17.
Why is the period from 1842 to 1900 considered as half
a century of humiliations in the history of China? What was the
reaction of China?
18.
All long marches begin with small steps.
19.
Analyse the factors responsible for the victory of the
Communists in the civil war in China during 1945-49.
20.
Analyse the nature and impact of Taiping Rebellion.
21.
Analyse the various factors responsible for the early
nineteenth-century crisis in China.
22.
Boxer Rebellion
23.
Canton system
24.
Communist Party of China
25.
Critically analyse the factors responsible for Boxer
Rebellion. What was its significance?
26.
Describe the main characteristics of traditional Chinese
economy.
27.
Discuss the agrarian programme of the Taipings. Why
did the uprising fail?
28.
Discuss the Chinese response to Western imperialism in
the 1840s.
29.
Discuss the contribution of Sun-Yat-Sen in the Chinese
liberation movement.
30.
Discuss the emergence of nationalism in China. Explain
its important features.
31.
Discuss the factors that hindered the growth of
capitalism in China.
32.
Discuss the factors which led to the Boxer Uprising.
Explain the Boxer Protocol.
33.
Discuss the impact of Opium Wars on China.
34.
Discuss the relationship between religion and peasant
revolts in China.
35.
Discuss the role of Mao Tse Tung in the Chinese
Revolution.

36.
The announcement of the creation of the Peoples
Republic of China on October1, 1959 by Mao Zedong ended
the civil war between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and
the Nationalist Party (KMT). Elaborate.
37.
Discuss the role of students and intellectuals in the
development of new culture after the revolution of 1911.
38.
What led to the emergence of the New Culture
movement in China after the revolution of 1911? What was
the role of intellectuals in this movement?
39.
Discuss the role of Sun Yat Sen in the anti- imperialist
struggle in China.
40.
Discuss the role of the communist party in the success
of the Revolution of 1949 in China.
41.
Discuss the significance of the Boxer protocol.
42.
Discuss the significance of the May fourth movement in
China.
43.
Discuss the socio-political reasons behind the
emergence of Marxism in China.
44.
Examine the attitude of Chinese bourgeoisie towards the
1911 Revolution.
45.
Examine the main features of the May Fourth
Movement.
46.
Explain the unequal treaties signed after the Opium
Wars.
47.
Manchukuo
48.
Open Door Policy
49.
The Wuchang Rebellion.
50.
What led to the Taiping Uprising? Why did it fail?
51.
What was the Chinese response to Western imperialism
in the 1840s?
52.
What was the impact of the Opium trade on Chinese
economy?
53.
What was the impact of Warlordism on Chinese society?
54.
What was the Long March? Did it achieve its goals?
55.
What was the nature of Chinese response to western
imperialism in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Discuss the growth of Japanese industrial economy between
the two World Wars.
56.
What was the significance of the May Fourth Movement
in China.
57.
What were main reasons for the failure of the Taiping
Rebellion?
58.
What were the causes of the Opium Wars? How did they
affect Chinas relations with the Western powers?
59.
What were the initiatives taken by the Meiji government
to establish a centralized political system
60.
What were the main features of the self-strengthening
movement in China? Examine.

61.
What were the Twenty One Demands? Discuss the
reaction of China on these demands.
62.
Write a note on the significance of the Chinese
Revolution of 1949.
63.
Write an essay on Sun Yat Sen and the rise of
Nationalism in China.
64.
Kuomintang
Japan
1. How did Japan develop between 1868 and 1894? Did the
Restoration of Meiji mark a sharp break with the past?
2. How did the Japanese occupation of South-East Asian
countries during the Second World War give a boost to
nationalize in the regions? Explain with examples.
3. Show how the presence of a weak and helpless China next
door brought about the rise of militarism and collapse of
democracy in Japan.
4. The Anglo-Japanese Treaty (1962) marks a milestone in the
development of Japan as an Asiatic power.
5. The years 1853-1894 witnessed the transformation of Japan.
Explain.
6. Trace the growth of militarism in Japan in the inter-war years.
What international reaction did it provoke?
7. Describe the imperialist expansion of japan up to 1914
8. Militarism in Japan
9. Analyse the main factors responsible for the decline of the
Tokugawa Shogunate.
10.
Analyse the significance of Anglo-Japanese alliance.
11.
Anglo-French rivalry in Japan
12.
Discuss the causes of the Russo-Japanese War. What
was its impact on the nationalism in Asian countries?
13.
Discuss the economic policies of the Meiji government.
14.
Discuss the factors which led to the decline of the
Tokugawa shogunate in Japan.
15.
Discuss the main features of Meiji constitution.
16.
Discuss the major characteristics of the Meiji political
system.
17.
Discuss the nature of Japanese imperialism up to the
Second World War.
18.
Discuss the political and economic implications of the
Allied occupation of Japan.
19.
Discuss the political and economic reforms which
contributed towards the modernisation of Japan.
20.
Discuss the stages of Japans emergence as an
imperialist power during 1894-1912.
21.
Explain the developments in the economy of Japan prior
to World War II.
22.
Explain the various ideologies behind the expansionist
policy of Japan.

23.
Outline the stages of Japans emergence as an
imperialist power during the period 1894 1912.
24.
What was the impact of the Russo-Japanese War?
25.
What was the political implication of the Allied Forces
occupation of Japan after the Second World War?
26.
What were the main economic reforms carried out in
Japan after the First World War?
27.
What were the political and economic reforms which
contributed towards the modernization of Japan?
28.
What were the primary issues in the economic
development of Japan between 1868 1885?
29.
What were the various ideologies behind the
expansionist policy of Japan?
30.
What was the role of political parties in Japan between
the two World Wars?
31.
Discuss the significance of the Anglo-Japanese alliance.
32.
Account for the rise of militarism in Japan between the
two World Wars. How did it affect the peace of the world?
33.
Write a Note on Zaibatsu
Germany
1. Write a note on Zolleverein (Customs Union)
2. Did the Weimar Republic represent liberal democratic
experiment in Germany? How successful was this experiment?
3. Discuss Bismarcks role in German unification.
4. Discuss the changes brought by Nazi rule in Germany.
5. Discuss the role of Bismarck in unification of Germany.
6. Write a note on the emergence of Nationalism in Germany?
7. Discuss the emergence of Nationalism in Germany.
8. Discuss the German National Idea.
9. Explain the emergence of the two Germanies in post war
Europe
10.
Gestapo
11.
State and Society in Nazi Germany
12.
Besmirch created a new Germany with the policy of
blood and iron.
13.
Bismarck united Germany not by majority of votes and
speeches but by a policy of Blood and iron. In the light of this
statement assess the contribution of Bismarck to the
unification of Germany.
14.
Comparison of the fascist regime in Italy with the
National Socialist regime of Germany is almost inevitable. The
similarities are obvious, but there is one point of difference
which is worth mentioning.
15.
Critically examine the main features of the foreign policy
of Nazi Germany.
16.
What were the weaknesses and difficulties of the
Weimer Republic? How did Hitler succeed in establishing his
dictatorship?

17.
Hitler did not really want a world War. His intention was
only a short war with Poland.
18.
Hitler was a creature flung to the top by the tides of
revolutionary change, or the embodiment of the collective
unconsciousness of a people obsessed with violence and
death.
19.
How did the policy of appeasement escalate the
problem of Nazi aggrandizement?
20.
Isolation of France constituted the keystone of
Bismarcks foreign policy. Elucidate.
21.
It is one of the ironies of history that Napoleon was the
creator of modern Germany.
22.
Napoleon kindled the national sentiment, but German
unity was achieved by Bismarck. Discuss.
23.
The political unification of Germany was accomplished
solely by Bismarck
24.
The Unification of Germany was the one thing Bismarck
was determined to prevent.
25.
There was an element of system in Hitlers foreign policy
His outlook was continental.
26.
Was German unification achieved more by coal and iron
than by blood and iron?
Italy
1. Comment briefly on the cultural background of Italian
nationalism.
2. Discuss the main features of the revolutions of 1848.
3. Discuss the emergence of Nationalism in Italy.
4. How do you explain the rise of fascism in Europe?.
5. Italian Nationalism
6. What are the general features of fascism?
7. What is Fascism? Discuss the foundation of Fascist state in
Italy.
8. What led to the rise of fascism in Italy? Discuss the nature of
the fascist state.
9. Corporate State was Mussolinis answer to sociopolitical
problems of his country. Elucidate.
10.
Extreme nationalism of the Fascist Variety has various
faces in various countries, but it has everywhere certain
common characteristics.
11.
The roots of the rise of Fascism lay in Peace Treaties.
12.
The unification of Italy and that of Germany constituted
a contrast in respect of the ways they were affected and
impact they left on later international politics. Elucidate.
13.
The unification of Italy completedthe destruction of
the European order.
14.
Trace the course of the movement for Italian Unification
from 1848 with special reference to the contribution of
Mazzini.

15.
Trace the various stages that led to the Unification of
Italy between 1848 and 1870.
16.
What were the obstacles to Italian unification till 1852?
How and with what methods was the unification of Italy
achieved?
17.
Describe the different stages in the unification of
Germany and Italy.
18.
What were the main features of the fascist and Nazi
movements?
19.
Describe the consequences of the victory of fascism on
Italy and Germany.
20.
What were the main aims of the foreign policies of Italy,
Germany and Japan?
21.
What were the views of Jawaharlal Nehru and the Indian
National Congress on fascism?
World Wars
1. How did the two World Wars affect politics in the 20th
century?
2. What were the consequences of the advent of Nuclear
Weapons in WW2?
3. Chemical Warfare
4. Write a note on the nature of the two World Wars.
5. Discuss the implications of first world war on human society.
6. Discuss the implications of second world war on human
society.
7. How did the two World Wars affect the politics and economy of
Europe?
8. What are main features of modern warfare?
9. Analyze the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 and
examine the validity of Germanys objections to the treaty.
10.
Any single explanation for the outbreak of the First
World War likely to be too simple. An amalgam of factors
intellectual, social, economic as well as political and
diplomatic contributed to this horrifying conflict of
monumental propositions. Explain.
11.
In the long run, the Locarno Treaty (December 1925)
was descriptive both of the Treaty of Versailles and of the
Covenant.
12.
In the post -Second World War scenario friends in war
did not remain friends in peace. Examine the truth of this view
in the period of your study.
13.
Show how the Spanish Civil War a prelude to World War
II.
14.
The Manchurian crisis decided the fate of the league of
Nations.
15.
The peace of Versailles lacked moral validity from the
start.

16.
The Treaty of Versailles was merely an armistice for
twenty years.
17.
The Wars (First World Wars) most permanent
contribution to the spirit or the post-War years was disillusion.
18.
Thus the League sought to achieve to profoundest of all
psychological revolutions to transform the war mentality of
man into a peace mentality.
19.
Treaty of Versailles contained the seeds of future
conflicts.
20.
Until December 1941 the battlefield of the Second World
War was exclusively European and Atlantic; thereafter it
became also Asiatic and Pacific.
21.
What led to the formation of the Berlin-Rome Tokyo axis?
Indicate its impact on international politics.
22.
Explain the basic reasons for the conflicts between
European nations from the late nineteenth century to the early
years of the twentieth century.
23.
What were the countries comprising the Triple Alliance
and the Triple Entente? What were the main aims of these
groupings?
24.
What is meant by the Pan-Slav movement? Why did it
add to the conflict between Russia and Austria?
25.
Explain the reasons for the entry of the United States in
the First World War.
26.
Why the war that broke out in 1914 is called the First
World War?
27.
Explain the consequences of the First World War on
Germany, Austria, Hungary and Turkey
28.
What were the purposes for which the League of Nations
was established?
29.
Why did Russia withdraw from the war after the 1917
Revolution?
30.
On a map of the world, show the areas in Asia and Africa
which caused conflicts among various European countries Also
show the European countries which emerged as independent
states after the First World War.
31.
How was the world redivided among the victorious
powers? Prepare a map to show the territories which were
taken over from the defeated countries by the victorious
countries.
32.
How far were imperialist rivalries the basic cause of the
First World War?
33.
Do you think the peace treaties laid the foundations of a
just and stable peace? Discuss.
34.
How is it that an otherwise minor incident led to the
outbreak of a world war? Discuss.
35.
What is meant by the term Axis Powers
36.
Describe the main events between 1936 and 1939
which created conditions for another world war

37.
What did the Western powers do to counter the
aggressive acts of Japan, Italy and Germany between 1931
and 1938?
38.
Explain the terms: Phoney War, Second Front, the
Battle of Britain
39.
Do you think Western policy of appeasement of the
fascist powers brought about the Second World War? Why? Or
why not?
40.
What was the basic reason for the policy of
appeasement?
41.
Do you think the United States was justified in using the
atom bomb against Japan?
42.
Why did the Soviet Union sign the Non-Aggression Pact
with Germany? What did she gain from it? Discuss
43.
What were the immediate consequences of the Second
World War in Europe?
44.
For a tired and timid generation Metternich was the
necessary man.
45.
The Brussels Treaty of 17 March, 1948 paved the way for
the formation of NATO.
46.
The international situation that confronted the
peacemakers in Paris was in the brutal realities of history, the
result of a temporary redistribution of the balance of power in
the world.
47.
There was not only a difference of principles at Paris
(Peace Conference) but a clash of personalities.
48.
What do you understand by the notion of Total War? How
did it affect military strategy?
Decolonization, Nationalism, Redrawing Boundaries Post
WW2
1. Write a note on the issue of The Korean Question
2. Explain the various approaches towards decolonization.
3. What is Decolonization? Write with reference to Decolonization
in India.
4. Write a note on Decolonization giving reference to French and
British decolonization.
5. Write an essay on the nature of international relations during
the post-World War period.
6. What was the nature of politics and economy in Europe after
the Second World War?
7. Discuss critically the emergence of the modern democratic
polity.
8. Discuss the nature of politics in post-war Europe.
9. What was the nature of politics and economy in Europe after
the Second World War?
10.
Write a note on the emergence of the unipolar world
11.
Explain the process of economic reconstruction in pastworld war Europe.

12.
What were the kind of challenges faced by the liberal
democratic polities in the initial years of the 20th century?
13.
the European nations in emphasizing their
solidarity, their Europeans in dealing with Asian countries
inevitably gave rise to a feeling of Asianness.
14.
Arab nationalism and oil these were the principal
Factors in complicating the relations of Middle Eastern
countries with the outside world.
15.
Asian Nationalism is just a product of Western impact on
the Asian intelligentsia in the last decades of the nineteenth
century.
16.
Both freedom and partition were the work of Indian
middle classes.
17.
Discuss the aims of the establishment of the Arab
League and assess it role in safeguarding the interests of the
Arab nations.
18.
Europe faced peace in 1945 politically disorganized and
economically crippled. Elaborate.
19.
Explain the circumstances leading to the emergence of
Third World and analyze its impact on world affairs.
20.
Give a brief account of the struggle against Apartheid in
South Africa.
21.
Nascent nationalism in Indo-China developed within
both an Asian and a European context with but scanty
reference in either case to traditionalist considerations.
22.
Nominally the new Turkey was republican and
democratic.
23.
One of the last Strongholds of oil imperialism and
European colonialism it (Middle East) cultivates a fiery
nationalism as a weapon against foreign oppression
24.
One of the most important consequences of the Second
World War was division of Europe, eastern and western.
25.
The Arab nationalism had a peculiar character. It stood
for nation independence for separate Arab States as well as
for the unity of all Arabs irrespective of their state boundaries.
Examine.
26.
The Collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989 brought new ideas of
co-operation in Europe.
27.
The decolonization led to the break-up of empires.
28.
Trace the growth of Arab nationalism after the, First
World War. How far was it a reaction to oil imperialism?
29.
Turkish renaissance guided by Kemal Pasha
revolutionized the Turkish life a many levels. Amplify.
30.
Under Mustafa Kemals dictatorship; Turkey was rapidly
nationalized.
31.
Why did Vietnam go through thirty years of war after the
Second World War?
32.
Would you argue that the Non-Aligned Movement played
a crucial role in dismantling the colonialism?

33.
Write a critical note on the process of decolonization
accelerated by the second World War.
34.
Identify the main strands in the Egyptian nationalist
movement in the first half of the present century and explain
the role played in it by Zaghlul Pasha.
35.
Identify the main strands in the Nationalist Movement in
Indonesia between the two World Wars. How did Japanese
occupation of land influence the course of the Movement?
36.
Describe the growth of national movements in Asia after
the First World War. Name the Asian countries which won their
independence between 1919 and 1939
37.
Trace the history of the freedom movements in Asian
countries.
38.
What were the main aims of the foreign policy of the
United States? What was the reason for the military
intervention of the United States in Vietnam? What were its
consequences?
39.
What was the impact of the Portuguese revolution of
1974 on the Portuguese colonies in Africa?
40.
What is meant by nonalignment? Why did most of the
newly independent countries follow this policy?
41.
Trace the history of the freedom movements in Africa
42.
Describe the changes which have taken place in South
Africa after 1989
43.
Trace the developments that led to the collapse of the
Soviet Union.
44.
Describe the main changes which have occurred in
Germany and the countries of Southern Europe since 1989
45.
Discuss the factors which led to the weakening of
imperialism after the Second World War
46.
Some countries of Asia had become members of military
alliances. Do you think it helped in strengthening their
independence? Why? Or why not? Give arguments with
examples
47.
Discuss the impact of the emergence of Asian and
African countries as independent nations on the world.
48.
Do you think the post-Cold War world is a safer place to
live in and there is no danger of any country dominating over
other countries unlike the Colonial times?