DRUG EDUCATION

&
VICE CONTROL
(Review)
Prof Marino A Garcia, RCrim, MPA

Associate Professor II, College of Criminology

University of Perpetual Help Dalta, Calamba City
First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities, Tanauan City
Laguna State Polytechnic University, Siniloan, Laguna

The History of Drugs

From
Past to Present

Drug Abuse it refers to the use of

chemical substance which result in an

individuals mental, physical, emotional,
moral and social impairment.

Islamic Law (Sharia)- it is the earliest

recorded law in the old world which

pertains to the prohibition of the use of
alcohol, which is usually attributed to
passages in the Quoran purportedly dating
from the 17th century.

1484 Fiat Pope Innocent VIII- Drug

Abuse banned the use of cannabis in

Arabs. Religious intolerance was also the
driving force for drug prohibition in
Christian Europe. At the time of the
crusades, the Arabs were using marijuana.

In Northern Europe, the protestants

have passed drug laws motivated by

religious
prejudice.
The
1516
Reinheitsgebot, which stipulates that beer
may only contain water, barley and hops
was
a
manifestation
of
Protestant
intolerance about drugs and the catholic
church. Not like the commonly stimulating
herbal blends widely used at that time,
hops cause sedation and reduce libido. The
exclusive use of hops had been obligatory
in France since 1268.

After the Spanish American War, the United

States inherited Spains Opium monopoly in
the Philippines. Growing domestic concerns
and international pressure led the United
States
to
participate
in
the
First
International Drug Conference held in
Shanghai, China in 1908 and the Hague
Convention in 1912, measures were
adopted

In 1875- San Francisco California, enacted

an ordinance which banned the smoking of
opium in opium dens.

Cocaine was prohibited in the first part

of the 20th century. This was followed by

the Harrison Act, passed in 1914, which
required sellers of opiates and cocaine to
procure license. Originally intended to
require paper trails of drug transactions
between doctors, drug stores and patients,
it soon became prohibitive law.

The prohibition of alcohol commenced

in Finland in 1919 and the United States
1920. In Sweden a referendum in 1922
decided against an alcohol prohibition law,
but starting in 1914 and until 1955 Sweden
employed an alcohol rationing system with
personal ration record book which is known
as MOTBOK.

In the Philippines, the signing of the

Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 by President
Ferdinand
E
Marcos
marked
the
government assurance to strict policy
against drug abuse. The act was
subsequently
amended
through
Presidential Degree No. 44. Dangerous
Drug Board was created to implement the
provisions of the Dangerous Drug Act as
the national policy making body and deal
with other related matters on drug abuse
prevention and control.

In 1974, the Inter Agency Committee

on Drug Prevention Education was created
and played vital role in the integration of
drug abuse prevention concepts in social
actions programs.

In 1979, the first International nongovernmental organization conference was

held in Jakarta, Indonesia, followed by the
second which was held from November 3 to
8, 1980 at Manila. After the second
conference, the Philippine council of NonGovernmental Organization was organized.
In 1988 the United Nations Convention
Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotics Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances was held further
bolstering anti drug laws.

The Nature of Drugs,

Its Uses, Application
and Effects

OPIUM obtained from a female poppy

plant known as Papaver Somniferum

which was known to be cultivated in lower
Mesopotamia long ago as 3400 BC. In De
Medicina (30 AD), Aulus Cornelius Celsus
specified various uses for Poppy Tears as
an emollient for painful joints and anal
crevices, in anodynes pills promoting relief
of pain through sleep.

OPIUM PREPARATION:

The smoking
of opium does not involve the burning of
the material as might be imagined. The
prepared opium is indirectly heated to
temperature at which active alkaloids,
mainly Morphine, are vaporized.

OPIUM CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS: Opium includes
two groups of alkaloids: Phenanthrenes
(including Morphine and Codeine) and
Benzylisoquinolines (including Papaverine).

OPIUM MEDICAL USES:

Opium has
been a major commodity of trade centuries,
due to the fact that it has long been use as
a painkiller and sedative.

MARIJUANA:

A
mind
altering
substance produced from cannavis sativa, it
is used because its primary active chemical
Tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
induces
relaxation and heightens the senses.

CANNABIS

is
prepared
consumption in different forms:

for

human

Marijuana or Ganja- the leaves and flowering

tops of female plants.

Hashish or Charas- a concentrated resin

composed of glandular trichomes and vegetative

debris that has been physically extracted usually
by rubbing, sifting or with ice.

Kif or Kief the chopped flowering tops of

female cannabis plants, often mixed with tobacco,

Moroccan hashish produced in the Rif mountains.
Sifted cannabis trichomes consisting of only the
glandular heads often incorrectly referred to as
Crystals or Pollen

CANNABIS is prepared for human

consumption in different forms:

Bhang-

a beverage prepared by
grinding cannabis leaves in milk and boiling
with spices and other ingredients.

Hash Oil- an oily mixture resulting from

chemical extraction or distillation of the

THC- rich part of the plant.

Budder-

hash
oil
whipped
to
incorporate air, making it more like butter.

There are wide array of methods and

apparatus in smoking cannabis:
The Joint, The Blunt, The Hookah, The
Bong, the Waterfall, The Pipe, the Shotgun,
The Chillum and The One-Hitter or Bat. The
Classic BONG is a tube with a small bowl at
the end of a thinner tube inserted through
the side near the base. The One Hitter- is a
contrivance that allows the small amount of
cannabis to be burned and inhaled in a
single breath.

COCAINE:

It is a stimulant of the
central nervous system and an appetite
suppressant, giving rise to what has been
described as a euphoric sense of happiness
and increased energy. It is a quick acting
drug whose affects are rapid from the time
of intake. It is legally used in medicine as a
topical anesthetic, specifically in the eye,
nose and throat surgery. It is a crystalline
tropane alkaloid that is derived from the
leaves of the coca plant known as
Erythroxylon

COCAINE:

The first medical used of

cocaine was discovered by ALEXANDER
BENNET in 1873 as an anesthetic. In 1879,
cocaine was
used to treat morphine
addiction. In 1884, cocaine was introduced
into clinical use as anesthetic in Germany.
In 1970, cocaine gained popularity as a
recreational drug, the Medellin and Cali
Cartel were founded in Colombia to meet
the new demand for cocaine. The Cali Cartel
became the number one cocaine trafficker
after the death of PABLO ESCOBAR, the
founder of the Medellin Cartel who was
killed by the police in late 1993.

MORPHINE: It

is a strong opiate
analgesic drug and is the principal active
agent in opium. It acts directly on the
central nervous system relieving pain. It is
claim to be the six (6) times more potent
than opium. It is administered into the
body by means of injection. It is use legally
as an analgesic in hospital setting for pain
after surgery and pain associated with
trauma.

HEROIN:

It is Also known as
Diacetylmorphine, is a semi synthetic
opioid. It mimics endorphins and creates a
sense of well being upon entering the
bloodstream usually through intravenous
injection. It is widely used as a illegal drugs
for its intense euphoria, which often
disappears with increase tolerance.

CODEINE:

Methylmorphine is an
opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive
and antidiarrheal properties. It is marketed
as the salt codeine sulfate and codeine
phosphate. It is also often used as
recreational drugs. This is primarily
because of its easy availability over the
counter or on prescription in combination
products.

SHABU:

Methamphetamine
was
discovered in Japan in 1919. This crystalline
powder is solute in water making it an ideal
drug for injection. During world War II, the
drugs was used as stimulants for combat
soldiers. After the war it was regarded as a
cure all for treatment in mild depression
and a good weight control substance. In
the mid 80s it was introduced in the
Philippines and has gained popularity not
only in an urban areas but as well rural
communities. It is also regarded as poor
mans cocaine.

ECSTACY:
In
1912
MDMA
or
Methylenedioxymetamphetamine
was

developed in Germany as an appetite

depressant by the pharmaceutical company
Merck. During the late 1970 psychiatrists
and psychologist used the drugs as
treatment for emotional and psychological
disorders. Among the youth users referred
it as the sex drugs. In its purest forms it
is crystalline substance white powder with
mastic odor.

The Classification of
Commonly Used Drugs

THE MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS: These are often
described
as
a
psychotropic
(mind
affecting) or mind altering drugs. It is a
chemical substance that changes ones
thinking,
feelings,
perceptions
and
behaviors.

Depressants- they are drugs that

affects the central nervous system causing
it to relax.

The Common Types of Depressants are:

Narcotics-

refers to any drugs which

produces insensibility, stupor, melancholy or
dullness of mind with delusion and which may be
habit forming.

Barbiturates- drugs that affect the central

nervous system causing sedation.

Tranquilizers-

are drugs which relieves

uncomfortable emotional feelings by reducing
anxiety and promoting relaxation.

Alcohol- fermented or distilled liquids or

drug
containing
substances.

ethanol

and

intoxicating

The Common Types of Depressants are:

Solvents and Inhalants- volatile liquids that

give off a vapor, which is inhaled producing short

term excitement and euphoric followed by a
period of disorientation. Its effect includes
nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue,
lack of coordination and loss of appetite.

THE MAJOR CLASSIFICATION

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS:

OF

Stimulants- chemical substances that

generally speed up central nervous system

function, resulting in alertness and
excitability.

The Common Types of Stimulants:

Cocaine- a natural stimulants derived from

the plant erythroxylon coca.

Methamphetamine/Amphetamine-

made stimulants drugs.

man

Caffeine- a stimulant found in coffee.

Nicotine- an addictive substance usually

obtained from cigarette smoking.

THE MAJOR CLASSIFICATION

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS:

OF

Hallucinogen/Psychedelics- sometimes

known as all rounder's and mind

expanders these drugs affects the person
perceptions, awareness, emotions and can
also cause hallucinations as well as
illusions.

The Common Types of Hallucinogens:

Marijuana
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

Ecstacy
PCP, Psilocybin mushroom and peyote

The General signs

and
Symptoms
of
Drug Abuse

The General Signs and Symptoms of Drug Abuse:

Unexpected changes of behavior.
Significant deterioration of grooming.
Continually wear long sleeve clothing to hide
injection marks.
Wearing of sunglasses in appropriate time.
Weight loss not attributed to proper physical
exercises.
Association with persons who are known
drug abusers
Unusual spending of money

The Law Enforcement

Activities

Acknowledging the need to further

strengthen existing
laws governing

Philippine Drug Law Enforcement System,

President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed
Republic Act 9165- commonly known as
The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of
2002. It took effect on July 4, 2002.

The Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)

continues as policy making body and it
formed the Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency (PDEA) as the led agency in the
enforcement of the law under the office of
the President.

The new law abolished the National Drug

Law Enforcement and Prevention Coordinating

Center, the PNP Narcotics Group, the NBI
Narcotics Unit and the Customs Narcotics
Interdiction Office.
Establishing the proper intelligence network
has been inherent task given by the law to PDEA
in coordination with the following support units:
The PNP AIDSOTF, the NBI AIDTF, the Customs

Task Force in Dangerous Drugs and Controlled

Chemicals along with other government and nongovernment entities dedicated to curb the drug
problem.

The National
Strategies Against
Dangerous Drugs

The National Strategies Against Dangerous Drugs:

Supply Reduction Strategy- which refers to
the concept of keeping the DRUGS away from the
potential drug USERS.
Intended Programs:
Law Enforcement

Amendments of the Law

The National Strategies Against Dangerous Drugs:

Demand Reduction Strategy- which refers to
the concept of keeping the potential USERS away
from DRUGS.
Intended Programs:
Preventive Education
Sports Development
Moral and Spiritual Values Recovery

Treatment and Rehabilitation

The National Strategies Against Dangerous Drugs:

International
and
Local
Cooperation/Coordination- which refers to an
effective
and
efficient
coordination of all local
agencies of the government.

cooperation
and
and international

Intended Programs:
Joint Training and Exercises
Intelligence Networking
Interdiction Operation

The Salient Provisions

of Republic Act 9165Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act
of 2002

The Salient Provisions of RA 9165:

Section 4- Importation of Dangerous Drugs,

Controlled Precursor and Essential Chemicals.

Section 5- Sale, Trading, Administration,

Dispensation,
Delivery,
Distribution
and
Transportation of Dangerous Drugs, Controlled
Precursor and Essential Chemicals.

Section 6- Maintenance of a Den, Dive or

Resorts.

Section 7- Employees and Visitors of a Den,

Dive or Resort

The Salient Provisions of RA 9165:

Section 8- Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs,

Controlled Precursors and Essential chemicals

Section 9- Illegal Chemical Diversion of

controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals.

Section 10- Manufacture or Delivery of

Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and other

Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs and or
Controlled Precursors and Essential chemicals.

Section 11- Possession of Dangerous Drugs,

Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals.

Section

12-

Possession of Equipment,
Instrument, Apparatus and Paraphernalia.

The Salient Provisions of RA 9165:

Section 13- Possession of Dangerous Drugs

During Parties and Social Gatherings.

Section

14-

Possession of Equipment,
Instrument, apparatus, and other Paraphernalia
for Dangerous Drugs During parties and social
Gatherings.

Section 15- Use of Dangerous Drugs.

Section 16- Cultivation or Culture of Plants

Classified as Dangerous Drugs or are Source

thereof.

Section 17- Maintenance and Keeping of

Original Records of Transaction on DD/CPECS.

The Salient Provisions of RA 9165:

Section 18- Unnecessary Prescription of

Dangerous Drugs.

Section

19-

Dangerous Drugs.

Unlawful

Prescription

of

Section 20- Confiscation and Forfeiture of

the Proceeds or Instruments of the Unlawful Act,

including the Properties or Proceeds Derived from
the Illegal Trafficking of DD/CPECS.

Section 21- Custody and Disposition of

Confiscated,
Seized
and
or
Surrendered
Dangerous Drugs, Plant Sources of Dangerous
Drugs and CPECs.

The Salient Provisions of RA 9165:

Section 22- Grant of Compensation, Reward

and Award.

Section 26- Attempt or Conspiracy.

Section 27- Criminal Liability of a Public

Officer or Employee for Misappropriation,

Misapplication or Failure to Account for the
confiscated, Seized and or surrendered DD and
CPECS or Plant Sources of Dangerous Drugs,
Paraphernalia, laboratory Equipment Including
the Proceeds or properties Obtained from the
Unlawful Act Committed.

Section 28- Criminal Liability of government

Official

The Salient Provisions of RA 9165:

Section 29- Criminal Liability for Planting of

Evidence.

Section 36-

Authorized Drug Testing.

Section 38-

Laboratory Examination
Test on Apprehended/Arrested Offenders.

or

Section 54- Voluntary submission of a Drug

Dependent to Confinement and Rehabilitation.

Section 55-

Exemption
from
Criminal
Liability Under the Voluntary submission.

Section 77- Creation of the Dangerous Drug

Board.

The Salient Provisions of RA 9165:

Section 82- Creation of Philippine Drug

Enforcement Agency (PDEA)

Section 85- The PDEA Academy.

Section 91- Responsibility and Liability of

Law enforcement Agencies and other government

Officials in Testifying in Court as Prosecution
witness in Dangerous Drug Cases.

Section 92-

Delay and Bungling in the

Prosecution of Drug Cases.

Anti-Drugs/Narcotics
Operational and
Investigative
Procedures
55

Legitimate Anti-Drugs/Narcotics Operations

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

With Warrant of Arrest

Search and Seizures Operations
Buy-Bust Operations
Eradication
Airport and Seaport Interdiction
Controlled Delivery
Raid on Clandestine Laboratory

56

Case Preparations

57

1.

Buy-Bust Operations
Preparation Prior the Operations:

a.
Pre-Operation & Coordination Report
b.
Request for subscription of marked money
c.
Record the Serial Number of Marked Money in the
Pre-Operation Report
d.
Request for Ultra violet powder dusting of the
marked money
e.
If feasible, conduct Casing and Surveillance
f.
Conduct briefing as to the designation of each
team members and the methods of operation to be
conducted
58

1.

Buy-Bust Operations
Case Filing:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

f.
g.

Pre-Operation & Coordination Report

Affidavit of the Poseur Buyer
Affidavit of the Arresting Officer
Certificate of Inventory
Request/Results of laboratory examination of
evidence
Request/Result of Ultra Violet Powder dusting
Request/Results of Medical Examination of
suspects
59

1.

Buy-Bust Operations
Case Filing:

h.
i.
j.
k.

Request/Results of Drug Test

Original/Xerox Copy of the Marked Money
Referral to City/Provincial Prosecutor
Complain (MTC, MCTC or MTCC)
60

2.

Search & Seizure Warrant Operations

Preparation Prior the Operations:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.

Pre-Operation & Coordination Report

Test Buy
Request/Result of Laboratory Examination
Application for Search Warrant
Affidavit of applicant
Personal Examination of Applicant
Deposition of Witnesses
Personal Examination of witnesses
Prepared Search Warrant
61

2.

Search & Seizure Warrant Operations

Case Filing:

a.
Pre-Operation & Coordination Report
b.
Affidavit of the Poseur Buyer (for Sec 5)
c.
Affidavit of the Arresting Officer
d.
Certificate of Inventory
e.
Request/Results of laboratory examination of
evidence
f.
Request/Result of Ultra Violet Powder dusting
g.
Request/Results of Medical Examination of
suspects
62

2.

Search & Seizure Warrant Operations

Case Filing:

h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.

Request/Results of Drug Test

Receipt of Property Seized
Original/Xerox Copy of the Marked Money
Certificate of Good conduct of Search
Compliance Return of Search Warrant
Motion to take custody of evidence
Copy of the Search Warrant
Referral to City/Provincial Prosecutor
Complain (MTC, MCTC or MTCC)

63

2.

Search & Seizure Warrant Operations

Return of Search Warrant to the

Originating Court:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Compliance Return of Search Warrant

Motion to take custody or withdraw of
evidence
Court Order
Inventory of Drug Seized/Confiscated
Receipt of property seized
Certificate of good conduct of search
64

2.

Search & Seizure Warrant Operations

Composition of the Raiding Team

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.

Team Leader
Assistant Team Leader
Entering Party
Searching Party
Photographer
Evidence Custodian
Prisoner Party
Vehicle Party
Security

65

Elements of the Affidavit

1.
Made mentioned that you are detailed and
deputized by the PDEA
2.
That there was casing and surveillance
conducted and it was verified that the information
received was true
3.
That the deal or transaction were
consummated
4.
That you actually saw the drugs by your self
during the transaction in the possession of the suspect
that prompted to arrest him
5.
That you Informed the suspect of his rights
immediately
6.
That you mark evidence at the crime scene
66

PILLARS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Communities

Crime

Law Enforcement

Community

Correction

Prosecution

Court

67

I Hear and I Forget, I See and I

Remember, I Do and I Understand!