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NUMBER OF QUESTIONS
KERTAS 2
CHAPTER
KERTAS 1
KERTAS 3
Section A
Section B
Section C
12 13 14 12 13 14 12 13 14 12 13 14 12 13 14
Form 4
1 Introduction to Chemistry
5 Chemical Bonds
6 Electrochemistry
8 Salts
1 Rate of Reaction
2 Carbon Compounds
4 Thermochemistry
Form 5
TOTAL
50
ANSWERS
8 C Thickeners are food additives that give food a firm,
smooth and uniform texture.
C2H5OH C2H4
13 D
14 D Magnesium is a reactive metal towards oxygen.
Magnesium adalah logam yang reaktif terhadap oksigen.
Proses Haber merupakan proses industri dalam penghasilan ammonia (NH3). Proses ini melibatkan tiga fasa.
(i)
(ii)
= Mass/molar mass
Jisim/jisim molar
26 C Electron arrangement:
Mg: 2.8.2 Cl: 2.8.7
An ionic bond is formed between the metal atom and
non-metal atom.
Susunan elektron:
Mg: 2.8.2 Cl: 2.8.7
Ikatan ion terbentuk antara atom logam dan atom bukan
logam.
At the anode:
Di anod:
At the cathode:
Di katod:
Z
1.9V
X
0.3V
W
Y
0.8V
Electron arrangement:
T
2.4
U
2.6
2
1
4
2
KERTAS 2
Section A
1 (a) 2.7
(b) Group 1/Kumpulan 1
Period 2/Kala 2
(c) (i) P/Ne/Neon
(ii) Atom P has achieve octet electron arrangement/
8 valence electrons
Susunan elektron
Electron needs:
Elektron diperlukan
Smallest ratio:
Nisbah kecil
Chemical formula:
Formula kimia
TU2
(e) P, Q, R
2 (a) C3H6
(b) (i) CnH2n+2
(ii) C3H6 + H2 C3H8
(iii) Catalyst: Ni/Nickel/Pd/Paladium/Pt/Platinum
Mangkin: Ni/Nikel/Pd/Paladium/Pt/Platinum
Temperature/Suhu: 180C
OH H
or
Propan-1-ol
OH H
(c)
Element/Unsur
Mass/g
Propan-2-ol
Jisim
41.14 40.50
= 0.64
41.30 41.14
= 0.16
0.64/64
0.1
0.16/16
0.1
No. of mole of
atom
Bil. mol atom
Smallest mole
ratio
(ii) Cl 35:
35 17 = 18
Cl 37:
37 17 = 20
(iii) Used in water treatment to kill microorganisms/
germs
Nisbah mol
terkecil
Empirical formula = XO
Formula empiric
5 (a) (i)
(b) (i)
Temperature/C
Suhu
(ii)
H
Cl
80
43
(b) (i)
30
2. Soda-lime glass
Kaca soda kapur
6 (a) (i)
(ii) Container X
Bekas X
Hard water
Air liat
and
(b) (i)
(ii) Antibiotics can slow down/prevent the growth
of bacteria.
Time/min
Masa
4 (a) (i)
(iv) Amphetamine/Amfetamin
(v) Blurred vision/headache/high blood pressure/
lack of appetite/rapid breathing
[1m]
CCl4 has no freely moving ions/only consists
as molecule.
(c) (i)
C9H8O4
9(12)
100
(ii) % C =
9(12) + 8(1) + 4(16)
= 60%
Section B
7 (a) Aluminium ion: 2.8.8
[1m]
Ion aluminium
[1m]
Magnesium atom donates/releases two
electrons to form magnesium ion
Ion oksida
(b) (i)
Mg Mg2+ + 2e
[1m]
Chlorine atom accepts/receives one electron
to form chloride ion
Cl + e Cl
[1m]
Magnesium ion and chloride ion are attracted
to one another by strong electrostatic force.
8 (a) (i)
[1m]
(ii) Total energy content of reactant is higher than
total energy content in product.
2+
Magnesium ion
Chloride ion
Ion magnesium
Ion klorida
[1m+1m]
(ii) Carbon atom contributes/needs/requires four
electrons to share
[1m]
Hydrochloric acid ionizes completely in
water to produce high concentration of H+
ion.
[1m]
Ethanoic acid ionizes partially in water to
produce low concentration of H+ ion.
[1m]
In Experiment 2, some of heat given out
during neutralization reaction is used to
dissociate the ethanoic acid completely in
water//part of heat that is released is used to
break the bonds in the molecules of ethanoic
acid that has not been ionized.
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
(c) (i)
Neutralisation/Exothermic reaction.
Tindak balas Peneutralan/Eksotermik.
[1m+1m]
Compound (b)(i)/MgCl2 is an ionic compound.
(b) (i)
[1m]
In molten state, MgCl2 has freely moving
ions.
[1m]
No of mol acid/alkali = 50 1/1000= 0.05 mol
Bilangan mol asid/alkali
[1m]
Q = H no of mol/bil. mol
= 57.3 0.05
= 2.865 kJ = 2865 J
[1m]
The reaction is
exothermic/Heat
releases to the
surrounding during the
reaction.
The reaction is
endothermic/Heat
absorbed from the
surrounding during the
reaction.
Haba dibebaskan ke
sekitaran sebanyak x kJ
setiap mol.
Jumlah kandungan
tenaga bahan lebih
tinggi dari jumlah
kandungan tenaga hasil.
Jumlah kandungan
tenaga bahan lebih
rendah dari jumlah
kandungan tenaga hasil.
The temperature
decreases during the
reaction.
Haba dibebaskan
semasa pembentukan
ikatan dalam hasil lebih
tinggi dari haba diserap
semasa pemecahan
ikatan dalam bahan.
[1m]
(b) (i)
(ii)
4OH 2H2O + O2 + 4e
R, S, P, Q
[1m+1m]
[1m]
V
Q
Electrolyte
[any suitable electrolyte]
Elektrolit
[mana-mana elektrolit
yang sesuai]
[1m+1m]
Procedure/Prosedur:
1. Clean the metals with sandpaper
Bersihkan logam menggunakan kertas pasir
[1m]
2. Fill the beaker with [named electrolyte]
[1m]
The temperature
increases during the
reaction.
[1m]
[1m]
Heat releases to the
surrounding is x kJ per
mol.
[1m]
(iii) Anion:
NO3/Cl/I
Product/kation:
Oxygen/Hasil
OH ion donates electron
[1m]
3. Dip metal P and metal Q into electrolyte
Rendam logam P dan logam Q ke dalam
[1m]
elektrolit
4. Connect to voltmeter
[1m]
Sambungkan ke voltmeter
Maximum: 6 marks
Maksimum: 6 markah
[1m]
Section C
9 (a) (i)
[1m]
[1m]
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Product/Hasil:
Copper/Kuprum
[1m]
(ii) Oxygen/Oksigen
[1m]
Insert glowing splinter into the test-tube
[1m]
PbCO3
Colour of
residue
Warna baki
Gas
Solid X
Brown when
hot Yellow
when cold
Perang semasa
panas
Kuning semasa
sejuk
Perang semasa
panas
Kuning semasa
sejuk
until t = 180 s
sehingga t = 180 s
(iii)
Volume/cm3
Isipadu
A brown gas
released/The gas
Gas mengeruhkan ignited the
air kapur
glowing wooden
splinter
50
40
30
Gas perang
terbebas/
Gas menyalakan
kayu uji berbara
20
10
[1m + 1m]
(b) Add baking powder.
30
[1m]
(c) (i)
90
Manipulated
120
160
180
210
Time/s
Masa
variable/Pemboleh
ubah
manipulasi
[1m]
(c) (i)
60
[1m]
(ii) 1. Pour [20100] cm of [0.11.0] mol dm3
barium nitrate solution into a beaker.
Turas campuran.
[1m]
[1m]
KERTAS 3
1 (a) Burette reading/cm3/Bacaan buret/cm3
120 s = 15.40
0 s = 50.00
150 s = 11.40
30 s = 39.90
180 s = 8.40
60 s = 30.50
210 s = 8.40
90 s = 21.90
(b) (i)
Time/s
Masa
30
60
90
120
150
210
Burette
reading/cm3 50.00 39.90 30.50 21.90 15.40 11.40 8.40 8.40
Bacaan buret
Volume of
gas/cm3
Isi padu gas
= 0.0025 mol
Volume/Isi padu HCl = 25.10 + 25.10 + 24.8/3
= 25.00 cm3
Apparatus/Alat radas:
Test tube, test tube rack/Tabung uji, rak tabung uji
(e) 1. Clean three iron nails, magnesium strip and
copper strips with sandpaper.
25.00
= 0.05 mol dm3
(d)
5. Place the test tubes in the test rack and leave them
aside for a day.
Phosphoric acid
Acetic acid
Asid fosforik
Asid asetik
Hydrochloric acid
Propanoic acid
Asid hidroklorik
Asid propanoik
Nitric acid
Butanoic acid
Asid nitrik
Asid butanoik
(f)
Pemerhatian
(i)
of
jelly
(c) Hypothesis/Hipotesis:
When a more electropositive metal is in contact with
iron, the metal prevents rusting.
When a less electropositive metal is in contact with
iron, the metal speed up rusting.
Observation
I (Iron/ferum)
Iron nails/jelly/temperature/volume
solution
Test tube
Tabung uji
P is ethene (C2H4)
9 D
10 C Soda lime glass is made from silicon dioxide, calcium
carbonate, sodium carbonate.
10
Ion manganat(VII)
membentuk ion Mn2+
menerima
elektron
untuk
= 0.05 mol
Mass of XCO3 = (0.05)(64 + 12 + 3(16))
Jisim
= 6.2 g
30 D Formula of the compound formed
= KL4
RMM = 12 + 4(35.5) = 154
31 B Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same
number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
24 B X: 2.8.2
Y: 2.6
To achieve a stable octet electron arrangement, one
atom X donates two electrons and are received by one
atom Y.
Untuk mencapai susunan elektron octet yang stabil, satu
atom X menderma dua elektron dan diterima oleh satu
atom Y.
No of moles of H2 = No of mole of Zn
= 0.02 mol
Volume of/Isi padu H2
= 0.02 22.4
= 0.448 dm3
= 448 dm3
36 D
37 C
38 C Oxidation number of Mn in MnO4
x + 4(2) = 1
x = 1 + 8 = +7
Oxidation number of Mn in Mn2+ = +2
Oxidation number of I in I = 1
Oxidation number of I in I2 = 0
28 C
29 D XCO3 XO + CO2
From the equation, one 1 of XCO3 produce 1 mole of
XO
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)
39 C Mg : 2.8.2
O : 2.6
To achieve a stable octet electron arrangement, one
11
2 0.005
3
= 0.003333333 mol
Mass of/Jisim FeCl3 = 0.003333333 (56 + 3(35.5))
= 0.542 g
Heat released/ haba dibebaskan
45 A H =
n
HCl + KOH KCl + H2O
n H2O = n HCl = nKOH
= (2)(50)/1000
= 0.1 mol
Therefore, heat released
= 0.1 54 kJ
= 5.4 kJ
46 A E and F are non metal atoms.
Involve sharing of electrons to form covalent
compound with the formula EF2.
47 C n Fe = n FeSO4 = (0.4)(80)/1000
= 0.032 mol
Heat released/haba dibebaskan
= 189 kJ mol1 0.032 mol
= 6.048 kJ
= 6048 J
Heat released/haba dibebaskan = mc
6048C
= 18C
=
80 4.2
48 B No of moles of HCl/Bil. mol HCl
(i) Exp I = (2)(25)/1000 = 0.05 mol
(ii) Exp II = (1.5)(50)/1000 = 0.057 mol
(iii) Exp III = (1.5)(10)/1000 =0.015 mol
Volume of CO2 gas in Exp II is the highest (P),
followed by Exp I (Q) and Exp III (R).
= (0.1)(3)(18) = 5.4g
Volume of CO2 = (0.1)(3)(22.4)
Isi padu
= 6.72 dm3
If 4.2 g of propene is burnt:
Jika 4.2 g propanol terbakar
= 0.1 mol
Mass of oxygen/ Jisim oksigen = (0.1)(9/2)(RMM O2)
= (0.1)(9/2)(32) = 14.4g
42 D The heating, cooling and weighing steps are repeated
until a constant mass is obtained to ensure the reaction
is complete.
Isi padu gas CO2 paling tinggi dalam Eksp. II (P), diikuti
oleh Eksp. I (Q) dan Eksp. III (R).
49 D
mass/jisim
molar mass/jisim molar
8.0
=
80
= 0.1 mol Y
Ratio/Nisbah:
1 mol 2 mol Y
0.1
mol 0.1 mol Y
2
= 0.05 mol X
Relatif atomic mass of/Jisim atom relatif X
5.0 g
= 0.05 mol =
RAM
RAM of X = 100 g
50 D n =
= 0.05 mol
Molar mass/Jisim molar Mg(NO3)2 = 24 + 2(14 +
3(16))
= 148 gmol1
Mass of/Jisim Mg(NO3)2 = 0.05 148
= 7.4 g
44 B 3Cl2 + 2Fe 2FeCl3
0.120 dm3
No of moles of chlorine gas =
24 dm3mol1
Bil. mol gas klorin
KERTAS 2
Section A
1 (a) (i) The temperature at which solid turns to liquid
Suhu di mana pepejal bertukar ke cecair
(ii) 83C
(iii) Heat energy absorbed is used to overcome the
force of attraction between particles
= 0.005 mol
From the chemical equation,
3 moles of Cl2 produce 2 moles of FeCl3
12
(d) (i)
100
90
80
70
60
2 (a) (i) W
(ii) T
(iii) V
(b) T, S, W, V, U
(c) 4
(d) W has higher number of protons than U.
The nuclei attraction on the electrons in W is stronger.
50
40
30
20
10
Time/s
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
3+
(e) V
(f) Transition Elements
Unsur peralihan
3 (a) (i)
Masa
Haber Process
Proses Haber
Smooth curve
Lengkungan licin
Mangkin: Ferum
Suhu: 450C
(ii)
Volume of CO2 / cm3
Isi padu CO2
100
90
80
70
60
50
4 (a)
40
30
20
10
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
Time /s
Masa
64 52
125 75
0.24 cm3s1 + 0.02//range [0.22 0.26]
5 (a) Chemical energy to electrical energy
Calculation:
(b) (i)
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)
13
[1m]
(c) (i)
(f) Zinc/Zink:
Zinc donate electron to Iron.
(g) Zn Zn2+ + 2e
0.056
(h) No of mol =
56
Bil. mol
0.056
6.02 1023
No of atoms =
56
Bil. Atom
6 (a) CnH2n + 2
n = 1, 2, 3,
(b) P: carbon-carbon double bond//
MV
0.1 25
=
= 0.0025 mol
1000
1000
From the equation,
H2SO4 : KOH
1:2
0.00125 : 0.0025
H
H
[1m]
1000 0.00125
0.1
= 12.5 cm3
(iii) From pink to colourless
[1m]
(e) (i)
Bil. molekul
[1m]
[1m]
Precipitate Z: Lead(II)carbonate
Section B
7 (a) Propanoic acid is a weak acid
[1m]
ionises partially in water to produce low
concentration of H+ ion
Asid propanoik adalah asid lemah
[1m]
[1m]
(c) NO3
Put the solution Y into a test tube.
Masukkan larutan Y ke dalam tabung uji.
(b) (i)
[1m]
Dari persamaan,
kumpulan karboksil
H
H
[1m]
S: carboxyl group//COOH
(c)
[1m]
=
C
[1m]
[1m]
[1m]
[1m]
Solvent X = water
[1m]
Solvent Y = methanol//any suitable organic
solvent
Pelarut X = air
[1m]
[1m]
[1m]
14
(d)
Observation
Pb(NO3)2
Pemerhatian
Mendakan Z
Colour of
residue
Hot: Brown
Cold:Yellow
Hot: Brown
Cold:Yellow
Warna baki
Panas: Perang
Sejuk: Kuning
Panas: Perang
Sejuk: Kuning
Gas produced
Gas dihasilkan
Precipitate Z
[1m+1m]
Gas turns lime
water milky
Catat pemerhatian.
Brown gas/gas
rekindles
glowing wooden Gas
mengeruhkan air
splinter
Gas perang/gas
menyalakan kayu
uji berbara
kapur
[1m+1m]
Chlorine
water
Air klorin
[1m]
Potassium
chloride
Kalium
klorida
[1m]
[1m]
dm3
[1m]
Potassium
bromide
Kalium
bromida
[1m]
oxidation number increases from 0 to +2
Potassium
iodide
Kalium
iodida
[1m]
[1m]
[1m]
Layer of 1,1,1
trichloroethane
is brown
Lapisan 1,1,1
triklorometana
berwarna
perang
No
changes
Tiada
perubahan
[1m]
Layer of 1,1,1
trichloroethane
is purple
Lapisan 1,1,1
triklorometana
berwarna
ungu
Layer of 1,1,1
trichloroethane
is purple
Lapisan 1,1,1
triklorometana
berwarna
ungu
Mass/g
60
13.33
Jisim
60/12
=5
O
26.67
[1m]
13.33/1 26.67/16
= 13.33 = 1.67
[1m]
1
[1m]
Nisbah mol
teringkas
[1m]
Maximum : 6 marks
Maksimum : 6 marks
(c) Procedure/Prosedur:
1. Pour 2 cm3 of potassium bromide solution into a
test tube.
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)
[1m]
[1m]
[1m]
[1m]
Element/Unsur
No
changes
Tiada
perubahan
No changes
Tiada
perubahan
[1m]
Section C
9 (a) Magnesium atom undergoes oxidation because
Iodine
solution
Larutan
iodin
Bromine
water
Air bromin
OH
OH H
[1m]
15
(b)
Hexane, C6H14
Hexene, C6H12
Heksana, C6H14
Heksena, C6H12
Kurang berjelaga
Lebih berjelaga
[1m]
% C is lower %
% C is higher
Pairs of metal
C lebih rendah
Pasangan logam
[1m]
Responding variable:
12 6
12 6
100
100
(12 6) + (1 14)
(12 6) + (1 12)
= 83.72%
= 85.71%
[1m]
Constant variable:
Pemboleh ubah malar:
(c) Procedure/Prosedur:
Vulcanised rubber
Getah tervulkan
Natural rubber
Getah asli
Weight
Pemberat
Weight
Pemberat
Anode
[1m + 1m]
1. Hang both vulvanised rubber strip and natural
ruber strip at the retort stand using clips.
Anod
Ion hidrogen H+
Ion hidrogen H+
Chloride ion,
hydroxide ion//
Cl, OH
Chloride ion,
hydroxide ion//
Cl, OH
[1m]
(c)
Tanggalkan pemberat.
Hydrogen ion,
H+
Gas H2
Gas O2
Vulcanised rubber
strip
Jalur getah tervulkan
(d) Experiment I:
Eksperimen I:
Electrode
Elektrod
2H+ + 2e H2
2Cl Cl2 + 2e
Experiment II:
Eksperimen II:
[1m + 1m]
KERTAS 3
1 (a)
Electrode
Elektrod
2H+ + 2e H2
4OH 2H2O + O2 + 4e
Zn
Sulphuric asid
Asid sulfurik
16
replacing
Pernyataan masalah.
Acid
Asid
Hydrochloric
Ethanoic
acid
acid
Asid
hidroklorik
Asid etanoik
Initial temperature
of NaOH
solution/C
Type of acids
Jenis asid
Responding variable:
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas:
Initial temperature
of acid/C
Heat of neutralisation
Haba peneutralan
Initial temperature
of the mixture/C
Constant variable
Pemboleh ubah malar
Suhu awal
campuran/C
Highest
temperature of the
mixtures/C
(c) Hypothesis:
Suhu tertinggi
camputran/C
Hipotesis:
Temperature
changes/C
Perubahan suhu/C
5 B x = 2, y = 5
6 B The arrangements of electrons in the atom of elements
P and Q are 2.8.1 and 2.8.6 respectively. The atoms
of element P donate 1 electron each and one atom of
element Q receives 2 electrons to achieve the octet.
17
1.
2.
H
3.
4.
H
OH H
CH3 H
OH H
OH
OH
H CH3 H
19 D The heat of combustion of pentanol should be more
than 2 678 kJ mol1. This is because the heat of
combustion is directly proportional to the number of
carbon atoms in the compound.
O
C
OH
1.5 1024 32
= 79.7 g
6.023 1023
23 B Vulcanization is a chemical process of converting
rubber or a related polymer into materials which are
more durable through the addition of sulphur.
45
2.5
= 18 cm3 min1
25 A This process is esterification. Sulphuric acid acts as a
catalyst.
=
18
30 B Moles of sodium
41 B Iron(II) oxide
Mol natrium
= 2.3 = 0.1
23
Moles of sodium flouride
Silver carbonate
Argentum karbonat = Ag2CO3
Lead(II) oxide
= 0.1
Mass of sodium flouride
44 D
32
6.023 1023
64
= 3.01 1023
33 A Atom P contains 1 valence electron, atom P is in
Group 1. Atom P contains 3 orbital shells, atom P is
in period 3.
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Hidrogen
Oksigen
Colourless
gas
Colourless
gas
Carbon
dioxide
= 6.5
65
= 0.1
Heat released
Greenish
yellow gas
Change blue
to red litmus
paper
memberi
memberi
Tukar kertas
kesan ke atas kesan ke atas litmus biru
kertas litmus kertas litmus kepada
merah
Tukar kertas
litmus biru
kepada
merah
= 14.7 kJ
35 D Equation for the reaction between compound A with
oxygen.
Klorin
Gas yang
tak berwarna
Gas yang tak Gas yang tak Colourless
berwarna
berwarna
gas
45 D
Chlorine
Karbon
dioksida
OH H
CH3 H
Gas kuning
kehijauan
36 B Equation in B is correct.
Persamaan di B adalah betul
19
KERTAS 2
Section A
1 (a) (i) P
(ii) S
(iii) R
(b) S, T, U
(c) Q and U
Mg
0.27
0.16
0.27
27
= 0.01
0.16
16
= 0.01
Mass/Jisim, g
Q dan U
Moles
(d) (i)
Mol
Ratio of mole
(c)
(d)
(e)
4 (a)
_
+
C5H10
CH2O
32
1. The types of rubber strip
Jenis jalur getah
Keelastikan getah
(ii) PU
(e) 4P + O2 2P2O
2 (a) Saponification/Saponifikasi
(b)
O
C
(CH2)14CH3
(c) (i)
O
HC
(CH2)14CH3
O
H2C
(CH2)14CH3
(c) (i)
O
CH3(CH2)nCH2
Hydrophobic
Hidrofobik
ONa+
H2C
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
20
30
40
50
Weight, g
Pemberat
(ii) 6 mm
(d) 1. Vulcanized rubber is more resistant to oxidation
compared to unvulcanized rubber.
O
Hydrophilic
Hidrofilik
2.
20
(b) P
(c) (i) P
(ii) Solution P has the highest concentration of
hydrogen ions.
(b) (i)
Cu2+ Cu is from +2 ke 0
= 6 1.0
1 000
= 0.006 mole/mol
Number of moles of the sodium hydroxide
[1m]
[1m]
[1m]
= 0.0006 2
= 0.0012 mole/mol
Molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution
[1m]
(iii) Cu2+ is the oxidizing agent and Zn is the
reducing agent.
= 0.0012 1 000
20
= 0.06 mol dm3
(e) 0.2 mol dm3
6 (a) Heat of neutralization is the heat energy produced
when 1 mole of OH ions combine with one mole of
H+ ions to form one mole of H2O.
[2m]
Zn(p) Zn2+(ak) + 2e
[2m]
Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e
(c) (i)
(b) Exothermic.
Eksotermik.
[2m]
8 (a) (i)
Zn Zn2+ is from 0 ke +2
(c) (i)
Energy
Tenaga
H2SO4 + 2NaOH
6H = 11.4 kJ mol1
Na2SO4 + 2H2O
(e) 68.8 kJ
Section B
7 (a) (i) Assume Fe as x:
Assume Al as x:
Anggap Fe sebagai x:
Anggap Al sebagai x:
2x + 3(2) = 0
x = +3
2x + 3 (2) = 0
x = +3
[2m]
21
(b) (i)
Procedure/Prosedur:
[5m]
Sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik
Ammonia solution
Larutan ammonia
+
Methyl orange indicator
Penunjuk metil jingga
[2m]
(iv) The electronegativity decreases. The ability
to receive electrons decrease down the group.
[2m]
(c) SQ
Section C
9 (a) (i) 1. As a fertilizer
Sebagai baja
[1m]
[1m]
2. As a cleaning agent
Sebagai agen pembersihan
[1m]
[1m]
[2m]
Temperature of 450C
Suhu pada 450C
[2m]
[2m]
[1m]
(b) Aim:
Tujuan:
Apparatus:
[1m]
25.0 cm3 pipette, burette, conical flask, retort stand,
beaker, glass rod, filter funnel, Bunsen burner, tripod
stand, wire gauze.
Precaution steps:
Radas:
[3m]
1. The titration process should be repeated few times
to get an accurate result.
Langkah berjaga-jaga
Materials:
[3m]
Sulphuric acid, ammonia solution, methyl orange,
filter paper
Bahan-bahan:
22
Semasa titratan, kelalang kon digoncang perlahanlahan untuk memastikan peneutralan berlaku
sepenuhnya.
Conclusion:
Kesimpulan:
10 (a) (i)
[4m]
(v) Tabulation data:
Penjadualan data:
[2m]
(ii) OH
[1m]
(iii) 4OH O2 + 2H2O + 4e
[2m]
(b) (i) A greenish yellow gas with a pungent and
choking smell is released.
Anod
Cathode
Katod
[2m]
(ii) Cl
(iii) 2Cl Cl2 + 2e
(c) (i) Tujuan:
Anode
KERTAS 3
1 (a)
[1m]
[2m]
Graphite electrode A
Elektrod grafit A
Aim:
Iron(II)
sulphate
solution, FeSO4
Larutan
ferum(II)
sulfat, FeSO4
[1m]
(ii) Variables:
Pemboleh ubah-pemboleh ubah:
Graphite electrode B
Elektrod grafit B
Acidified pottasium
manganate(VII),
KMnO4
Larutan kalium
manganat(VII)
berasid, KMnO4
Manipulated
variable
Pemboleh ubah
dimanipulasi
Responding
variable
Electroplating of iron
spoon
Pemboleh ubah
bergerak balas
Constant variable
Concentration of
silver nitrate solution
Pemboleh ubah
dimalarkan
(b) (i)
(c) (i)
Graphite electrode A
Elektrod grafit A
Kepekatan larutan
argentum sulfat
Elektrod grafit B
(d) (i)
[2m]
Manganate(VII) ions
Ion manganat(VII)
(iii) Apparatus:
Radas:
Ion Ferum(II)
Jenis pelarut
Materials:
Bahan-bahan:
(iv) Procedure:
Prosedur:
23
Asid kuat:
Nitric acid
Asid nitrik
Sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik
Weak acids:
Asid lemah:
Phosphoric acid
seperti
yang
Asid fosforik
3 (a) Aim/Tujuan:
To determine the heat of combustion of alcohols.
(d) Variables:
Pemboleh ubah-pemboleh ubah:
Manipulated variable
Pemboleh ubah
dimanipulasi
Jenis alkohol
Responding variable
Pemboleh ubah
bergerak balas
Haba pembakaran
Constant variable
Pemboleh ubah
dimalarkan
(e) Radas:
Penjadualan data:
Apparatus:
Alcohol
Heat of combustion, kJ
Alkohol
Haba pembakaran, kJ
Methanol/Metanol
Materials:
Bahan-bahan:
728
Ethanol/Etanol
1 376
Propanol/Propanol
2 016
Butanol/Butanol
2 678
(f) Procedure:
Prosedur:
Thermometer
Termometer
Windshield
Penghadang angin
Copper tin
Tin kuprum
Spirit lamp
Lampu spirit
Methanol
Metanol
200 cm of water
200 cm3 air
Tripod stand
Kaki tiga
Wooden block
Blok kayu
24
= 27 13 = 14
11 A Ionic compounds, calcium oxide have material
properties as follows:
4 C Number of mol,
Bilangan mol,
Mass/Jisim
Malar mass/Jisim molar
56 g
=
30 g mol1
= 1.87 mol
7
C2H6 + O2 2 CO2 + 3H2O
2
1 mol C2H6: 2 mol CO2
1.87 mol C2H6: 3.74 mol CO2
Volume of gas = number of mol molar volume of
gas in STP
n=
Soluble in water
Larut dalam air
Isi padu gas = bilangan mol isi padu molar gas pada
STP
= 3.74 mol 22.4 dm3
= 83.8 dm3
5 D The proton number of P is 15.
Electron arrangement of P is 2.8.5
= 2(12) + 5(1) + 16 + 1
= 46 g mol1
Number of particles
No. of mol =
Avogadro Constant
Bilangan mol =
Bilangan zarah
Pemalar Avogadro
14 C
1 1023
6.02 1023
= 0.166 mol
Mass = number of mol molar mass
P 4
Q2
2 = P 4 4 = Q2
P2 Q4
PQ2
Cu2+(aq) + 2e Cu(s)
16 B Nucleon number X = nucleon number proton number
1
The mass of an atom of carbon-12
12
Jisim satu atom karbon-12
8 D K2Cr2O7 = 0
2(+1) + 2x + 7(2) = 0
x = +6
9 B 1. The atomic size increases going down the Group
17 because of increasing in number of shell, the
size molecules get larger.
= 35 17 = 18
Nucleon number Y = nucleon number proton number
Nombor neutron Y = nombor nukleon nombor proton
= 23 11 = 12
17 C Number of mol
Bilangan mol
Mass/Jisim
Molar mass/Jisim molar
40 g
=
40 g mol1
= 1 mol
MV
n=
1 000
M(400)
1=
1 000
M = 2.5 mol dm3
1.12
= 0.02 mol
18 C n =
56
Ratio/Purata:
2 mol KOH : 1 mol H2SO4
25
26 D
MV
n=
1 000
(0.4)V
0.01 =
1 000
V = 25 cm3
19 D SO42 and OH ion attracted to anode. OH ion
selected to be discharge to produce oxygen gas.
Observation: bubbles of a colourless gas are released
2
V2O5, 450C
2SO2 + O2
2SO3
1 atm
27 B
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
28 A
P 4
H
O
C
O
H
Q2
MV
20 B n =
1 000
=
2 P 4
P
2.4
1.0(200)
= 0.2 mol
1 000
Ratio/Purata:
1 mol MgCl2 : 1 mol H2SO4
0.2 mol MgCl2 : 0.2 mol H2SO4
Q2
Q
2.6
MV
n=
1 000
MV
1 000
0.5(100)
n=
1 000
M = 0.05 mol
Number of mol of HCl in set II,
n=
(0.5)V
0.2 =
1 000
V = 400 cm3
21 A A strong acid is an acid that ionises completely in
water to produce high concentration of hydrogen ion,
H+.
0.1(50)
1 000
M = 0.005 mol
Initial rate of reaction in set I is higher than set II because
the concentration of HCl in set I is higher than set II, the
gradient of the curve for set I is greater than set II.
n=
13
O 4CO2 + 5H2O
2 2
31 B Isomerism in alkene starts from butene. Butene has 3
isomers while pentene has 5 isomers.
30 A C4H10 +
26
35 B
Etena Polietena
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
Polymerisation of ethene
Pempolimeran etena
H
H
H
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
3-ethylhex-2-ene
3-etilheks-2-ena
= 3 780 J
MV
n=
1 000
1(100)
=
1 000
= 0.1 mol
H
No of mol/Bil. mol
3780
=
0.1
= 37.8 kJ mol1
Heat of neutralization, = 37.8 kJ mol1
H =
48 C Observation:
Pemerhatian:
Haba peneutralan
Mass/Jisim
Molar mass/Jisim molar
23
=
46
= 0.5 mol
H
n=
H
H = H n
H = 1 376 000 J 0.5 mol
H = 688 000 J
= 688 kJ
39 C Carboxylic acid + metal carbonate carboxylate salt
+ water + carbon dioxide
38 C n
Inference:
Inferens:
Observation:
Pemerhatian:
Inference:
Inferens:
50 B Observation:
Pemerhatian:
41 B
C2H4 + H2O
H3PO4
300C/60 atm
C2H6OH
Inference:
Inferen:
Observation:
Pemerhatian:
42 C Ethanol Ethene
Etanol Etena
Dehydration of Ethanol
Inference:
Pendehidratan etanol
Inferens:
Ion Cl is present
Ethene Polyethene
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)
Ion Cl hadir
27
KERTAS 2
Section A
1 (a) P: 2.4
(b) (i)
(b)
Element
0.5667
0.1415
0.3794
0.5667
12
0.1415
1
0.3794
16
= 0.0472
= 0.1415
= 0.0237
Unsur
S:2.8.8.2
Mass, g
2+
Jisim
2
Moles
Mol
Ratio of
mole
(ii) SQ
(iii) 1. High melting point and boiling point.
Nisbah
mol
(c) C2H6O
(d) 1. Heating, cooling, and weighing are repeated until
a constant mass is obtained.
(c) (i)
Q
(ii) PQ2
(iii) 1. Low melting point and boiling point.
(b) So that the metal is hot and can burn when oxygen
passes over it.
(c) (i)
P: Zinc
Zink
(ii) Q: Iron
Ferum
(iii) R: Copper
Kuprum
3 (a)
Sulfur trioksida
Water out
Air keluar
(ii) Y: Oleum
Oleum
3. Pressure of 1 atmosphere
Tekanan 1 atmosfera
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
(c) (i)
Carbon dioxide
(e) (i)
Karbon dioksida
(ii) Water
Air
(d) (i)
Dehydration
Pendehidratan
28
Section B
7 (a) P: Na
[1m]
Q: K
[1m]
R: Rubidium/Rubidium
[1m]
S: Caesium/Saesium
[1m]
(b) (i) The atomic radius of the elements increases.
Jejari atom unsur meningkat.
[1m]
(ii) The melting point and boiling point decrease.
Takat lebur dan takat didih berkurang.
[1m]
(iii) The hardness of elements decrease down the
Group 1.
(b) (i)
[1m]
4OH 2H2O + O2 + 4e
[1m]
In Cell II, the concentration of chloride ions
is high. Therefore, chloride ions are chosen
for discharge.
[1m]
(c) (i)
2Cl Cl2 + 2e
[1m]
Copper is more electropositive than silver.
Kuprum adalah
argentum.
lebih
elektropositif
dari
[1m]
[2m]
The easier for the atom to release its single valence
elections, the more reactive is the alkali metal.
[1m]
(d) (i) 4K(s/p) + O2(g) 2K2O(s/p)
[2m]
(ii) 2Na(s/p) + 2H2O(s/p) 2NaOH(aq/ak) +
H2(g)
[2m]
(iii) 2Li(s/p) + Cl2(g) 2LiCl(s/p)
[2m]
8 (a) (i) The product collected at the cathode is
hydrogen gas.
Cu Cu2+ + 2e
[1m]
Silver ion in the silver nitrate solution is
reduced by receiving electrons at the silver
electrode.
Ion argentum di dalam larutan argentum nitrat
dikurangkan dengan menerima elektron pada
elektrod argentum.
[1m]
Ag+ + e Ag
[1m]
The flow of electrons causes the voltmeter to
register a reading.
2H+ + 2e H2
[1m]
(ii) The ethanoic acid molecules in an aqueous
solution ionise to form hydrogen ions and
ethanoate ions.
voltmeter
[1m]
(ii)
Zinc
Zink
1.10 V
1.56 V
Copper
Kuprum
Silver
Argentum
[1m]
[1m]
29
[1m]
Section C
9 (a) (i) Z, X, Y
[2m]
(ii) The proton number increases by one from one
element to the next element.
(b) (i)
[1m]
The atom of Y has an electron arrangement
of 2.8.4 and the atom Z has an electron
arrangement of 2.8.7.
[1m]
An atom of Y shares electrons with four
atoms of Z.
[1m]
The electron arrangement of the atom of a X
is 2.8.1. The atom of X releases its singles
valence electron to form the ion, X+.
(c)
Physical properties
Ciri-ciri fizikal
(Ionic compounds)
(Covalent compounds)
(Sebatian ion)
(Sebatian kovalen)
High
Low
Tinggi
Rendah
Volatility
Vaporize easily
Kemeruapan
Mudah meruap
Physical state
Crystals
Keadaan fizikal
Hablur
[6m]
10 (a) (i)
50 cm3
50 s
= 1.00 cm3 s1
[1m]
(c) (i) The rate of reaction of Experiment 2 is higher
than the rate of reaction of Experiment 1.
=
3
= Isi padu gas yang dikumpulkan (cm )
[1m]
50 cm3
= 0.50 cm3 s1
100 s
for Experiment 2, rate of reaction
=
[1m]
50 cm3
= 0.63 cm3 s1
80 s
[1m]
30
banyak
kekerapan
[1m]
When the frequency of effective collisions
increases, the rate of reaction increases also.
[1m]
(ii) The rate of reaction of Experiment 3 is higher
than the rate of reaction of Experiment 2.
KERTAS 3
1 (a)
(b) (i)
Eksperiment
Experimen
28
35
II
28
38
10
(e) Eksperiment I:
Experimen I:
(i) Zn(s/p) + CuSO4(aq/ak) ZnSO4(aq/ak) +
Cu(s/p)
(ii) Zn(p) + Cu2+ (aq/ak) Mg2+(aq/ak) + Cu(s/p)
Experiment II:
Experimen II:
(i) Mg(s/p) + CuSO4(aq/ak) MgSO4(aq/ak) +
Cu(s/p)
(ii) Mg(s/p) + Cu2+(aq/ak) Mg2+(aq/ak) + Cu(s/p)
2 (a) Diffusion
Experimen I:
Serapan
(b)
Energy
Tenaga
Zn(s/p) + Cu2+ (aq/ak)
H = 147 kJ mol1
2+
Zn (aq/ak) + Cu(s/p)
Eksperiment II:
Experimen II:
Energy
Tenaga
3 (a) Aim:
Tujuan:
H = 210 kJ mol1
Mg2+(aq/ak) + Cu(s/p)
31
Responding variable:
Sodium hydroxide
Natrium hidroksida
pH values
Nilai pH
Constant variable:
Molarity
pH value
Kemolaran
Nilai pH
1.0
0.1
0.001
14
13
11
KERTAS 1
1 A A copper(II) sulfat made from two or more different
elements which are bonded together.
(d) Apparatus:
Radas:
2 B CH3COOH
Materials:
C2H4O2
Bahan
CH2O
3 C
S 2+
Q2
1 = S 2+
1 = Q 2
SQ
(e) Procedure:
Prosedur:
= 24 12 = 12
5 A Cobalt-60 is used to destroy cancer cells.
Test tube
Tabung uji
1.0
0.1
0.001
Hydrochloric acid
Molarity
pH value
Nilai pH
1.0
0.1
0.001
0.48
0.08
0.64
0.48
12
0.08
1
0.64
16
0.04
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.04
Asid hidroklorik
Kemolaran
32
20 B No of mol, n =
Bilangan mol =
0.4 g
40 g mol1
= 0.01 mol
2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
2 mol NaOH
: 1mol H2SO4
0.01mol NaOH : 0.005 mol H2SO4
MV
n = 1 000
0.005 = M(25)
1 000
M = 0.2 mol dm3
21 C Balance chemical equation:
14 B X2Y
2X: Y
0.2X: 0.2/2 Y
0.2X: 0.1Y
Mass of substance Y =
Jisim bahan Y,
23 D Electron arrangement
Electron
arrangement
Element
Proton number
Unsur
Nombor proton
Susunan
elektron
2.4
2.6
2.7
20
2.8.8.2
S
2.8.8.2
Metal
&
Q
2.6
Non-metal
24 C Proton number = 11
Nombor proton
Valence electron, = 1
(Bukan logam)
Elektron valens,
(Group 1/Kumpulan 1)
25 D
OH
H
H
C1
C2
C3
C4
CH3
3-methylbutan-2-ol
3-metilbutan-2-ol
Jisim
Jisim molar
(Logam)
Mass
Molar mass
33
Di katod:
Oksigen molekul, O2 menerima elektron dan mengalami
penurunan untuk membentuk ion hidroksida, OH.
temperature
or
electrical
35 C Zn(NO3)2 = O
(+2) + 2x + 6(2) = 0
2x + (10) = 0
x=+5
36 A Aluminium corrodes fastest because aluminium is
more electropositive metal compare with iron, tin and
copper.
Jisim
Bilangan mol =
Jisim molar
0.58 g
58 g mol1
= 0.01 mol
13 O 4CO + 5 H O
C4H10 +
2
2
2 2
Ratio/Purata:
1 mol C4H10: 4 mol CO2
0.01 mol C4H10: 0.04 mol CO2
Volume of CO2;
=
CnH2n + 1 COOH, n = 0, 1, 2, 3,
38 D 297 kJ 1mol
1 188 = 4 mol
1 188 kJ
297
Mass of sulphur
Jisim sulfur
Conditions of reaction
Set
40 C
Green solid
Pepejal hijau
Green solid
Pepejal hijau
II
Balanced equation:
Persamaan seimbang:
III
Brown gas
Gas perang
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
Optimum conditions for maximum amount of product
are:
Pressure: 2 3 atm
Tekanan:
32 C
C3H7COOH + C2H5OH
H2SO4
Mangkin:
42 C
C3H7COOC2H5 +
H 2O
CH3 H
H (C
CH3 H
C)
(C
C)2
H
Mg Mg + 2e
O2 + 4e 2O2
34 C At anode:
Iron atom loses electrons and is oxidised to form
iron(II) ion, Fe2+.
2+
Di anod:
Atom ferum, Fe melepaskan elektron dan mengalami
pengoksidaan untuk membentuk ion ferum(II), Fe2+.
At cathode:
Oxygen molecule, O2 gains electrons and is reduced
to form hydroxide ions, OH.
34
(c) (i)
44 C Number of mol
Bilangan mol
24
= 1.8 10 23 = 3 mol
6.02 10
45 D Positively charge P+ ion
2NaAl2(aq) +
H2O(l)
(d) 1.
2.
2 (a) (i) (0.78 0.51) g = 0.27 g
(ii) (0.94 0.78) g = 0.16 g
(b)
Element
Unsur
Mass, g
Jisim, g
Moles
Valence electron Q: 6
Mol
Valen elektron Q: 6
Ratio of mole
Nisbah mol
Mg
0.27
0.16
0.27
24
= 0.01
0.16
16
= 0.01
47 B Q > P > R
Metal which is more reactive will show a very bright
flame compare with less reactive metal.
Logam yang lebih reaktif akan menunjukkan nyalaan
yang lebih cerah berbanding yang kurang reaktif.
(d) C4H8
3 (a) S
(b) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
KERTAS 2
Section A
1 (a) (i) Na, Mg, Al
(ii) Si
(iii) P, S, Cl
(b) Chlorine
(c) (i)
Q: 2.1
R: 2.6
(ii) Q2R
(d) Atom R has an electron arrangement of 2.6. The
outermost shell lacks two electrons to achieve a
stable electron arrangement. Two pairs of electron
are shared between two R atoms to achieve a stable
electron arrangement.
Klorin
2P
1
7Q
3
16R
8
24S
12
35
4 (a)
Water out
Air keluar
Water in
Air masuk
(b) (i)
(b) Oxidation
Pengoksidaan
(c) (i)
Ethanoic acid
Asid etanoik
(ii) CnH2n+1COOH
(iii)
H
300
OH
250
200
150
100
2. Sour smell
50
Bau masam
(b) Titration
Pentitratan
Section B
7 (a) Diffusion
(c)
Ammeter reading/A
Bacaan ammeter/A
Penyerapan
[2m]
(b) The particles in the potassium manganate(VII)
crystals will separate to become ions in the agar,
move and diffuse randomly upwards until the
whole agar turns purple.
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
[2m]
The diffusion of particles in matter supports the
kinetic theory of matter.
0.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
Volume of sulphuric acid/cm3
Isi padu asid sulfurik/cm3
(d) 6 cm3
(e) H2SO4(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) Ba2SO4(s) + 2H2O(l)
(c) (i)
Process I: Boiling
Proses I: Pendidihan
[1m]
1.0
1 000
= 0.006 mole/mol
From the equation/Daripada persamaan:
1 mol H2SO4 reacts with 1 mol Ba(OH)2
=6
[1m]
(ii) Boiling
Pendidihan
[1m]
(iii) Condensation
Kondensasi
36
[1m]
(iv)
Characteristic/Ciri-ciri
Arrangement of particles
Susunan zarah-zarah
[1m]
Movement of particles
Pergerakan zarah-zarah
[1m]
Forces of attraction
between the particles
Moderate
Very weak
[1m]
Sederhana
[1m]
Sangat lemah
8 (a)
Energy content
Moderate
Kandungan tenaga
Sederhana
Molecular formula
Formula molekul
(b)
(c) (i)
Very high
[1m]
C2H4
28
C3H6
42
C4H8
56
C5H10
70
C6H12
84
Section C
9 (a) Penggunaan barbiturat untuk mengurangkan
kerisauan, gemuruh dan kemurungan.
[5m]
[2m]
Boiling point/C
Takat didih /C
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
Made from
petroleum
Diperbuat daripada
petroleum
Effective in hard
water
Berkesan di dalam
air liat
2
3
4
5
6
Number of carbon atoms per molecule
Bilangan atom karbon per molekul
Satisfactory
cleaning power
[5m]
(ii) As the number of carbon atoms per molecule
increases, the size of the molecule becomes
bigger and the intermolecular forces grow
stronger.
Kuasa pencucian
yang memuaskan
Certain detergents
are harmful to the
environment
Not effective in
hard water
Tidak berkesan di
dalam air liat
Bad cleaning
power
Kuasa pencucian
yang lemah
Harmless to the
environment
Sesetengah detergen
berbahaya pada
alam sekitar
[2m]
More energy is required to overcome the
stronger forces of attraction.
Tidak berbahaya
kepada alam
sekitar
[4m]
(ii) Additives in detergent:
[1m]
Sangat tinggi
37
[1m]
Z and E. Z is the negative terminal. Since E
is below Z, E is less electropositive than Z.
[1m]
The potential difference between G and
E is more than Z and E, hence Z is below G.
[1m]
L is more electropositive than E. E is the positive
terminal.
[1m]
Fe + Cu2+ Cu + Fe2+
[1m]
Bromine is located above iodine in the displacement
series of halogens.
2I + Br2 2Br + I2
Iodine formed.
[1m]
Iodin terbentuk.
[1m]
6. White solid is filtered, rinsed with distilled water
and dried with filter papers.
untuk
[2m]
KERTAS 3
(d) (i)
Temperature/C
1/Time/s1
Suhu/C
1/Masa/s1
25
0.057
32
0.1186
37
0.1653
42
0.2247
47
0.2762
52
0.3597
[1m]
38
(ii)
Temperature/C
Suhu C
55
50
45
40
(e) Apparatus:
30
Radas:
25
Bahan:
1/Time/s
1/Masa/s1
(iii) 3.92 s
(e) (i) The rate of reaction increases with temperature.
(f) Procedure:
Prosedur:
(f) 1. Pressure/Tekanan
2. Catalyst/Mangkin
3. Total surface area of reactant
2 (a) Aim:
Tujuan:
Untuk
membandingkan
keberkesanan
tindakan
pencucian detergen dengan sabun di dalam air liat.
Beaker
Observation
Bikar
Pemerhatian
39
NOTES