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ANALYSIS OF SPM PAPERS (2012 2014)

NUMBER OF QUESTIONS
KERTAS 2
CHAPTER

KERTAS 1

KERTAS 3
Section A

Section B

Section C

12 13 14 12 13 14 12 13 14 12 13 14 12 13 14
Form 4
1 Introduction to Chemistry

2 The Structure of the Atom

3 Chemical Formulae and Equations

4 Periodic Table of Elements

5 Chemical Bonds

6 Electrochemistry

7 Acid dan Bases

8 Salts

9 Manufactured Substance in Industry

1 Rate of Reaction

2 Carbon Compounds

3 Oxidation and Reduction

4 Thermochemistry

5 Chemicals for Consumers

Form 5

TOTAL

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50

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

ANSWERS
8 C Thickeners are food additives that give food a firm,
smooth and uniform texture.

KERTAS MODEL SPM 1


KERTAS 1
1 D Bromine vapour is made up of tiny and discrete
molecules that move randomly to fill up space.
Bromine vapour moves randomly and diffuses in all
directions in air from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration.

Pemekat ialah bahan tambah makanan yang menjadikan


makanan mempunyai tekstur yang halus dan licin.

9 C A tranquiliser is an antidepressant medicine.


Trankuiliser merupakan sejenis ubat antidepresan.

10 A Oxidation of ethanol/Pengoksidaan etanol


C2H5OH CH3COOH
Dehydration of ethanol/Pendehidratan etanol

Wap bromin terdiri dari molekul yang kecil dan diskrit,


bergerak rawak untuk memenuhi ruang.
Wap bromin bergerak secara rawak dan meresap
kesemua arah dalam udara dari kawasan berkepekatan
tinggi ke kawasan berkepekatan rendah.

C2H5OH C2H4

11 B A weak acid is an acid that ionizes partially in water


to produce a low concentration of hydrogen ions.
Asid lemah adalah asid yang mengion separa dalam air
untuk menghasilkan ion hidrogen yang berkepekatan
rendah.

2 C Carbon-14 can be used to estimate the age of bones,


wood and fossils by using a process called carbon
dating.

12 D For a neutral atom, the proton number also refers to


the number of electrons in an atom.

Karbon-14 boleh digunakan untuk menganggar usia


tulang, kayu dan fosil dengan menggunakan proses yang
dinamakan pentarikhan karbon.

Bagi atom neutral, nombor proton juga merujuk kepada


bilangan elektron dalam suatu atom.

3 C Ammonia, NH3, carbon dioxide, CO2, methane, CH4


and ethanol, C2H5OH are formed by sharing electrons
between non-metal atoms. Covalent compounds are
formed.

13 D
14 D Magnesium is a reactive metal towards oxygen.
Magnesium adalah logam yang reaktif terhadap oksigen.

Amonia, NH3, karbon dioklsida, CO2, metanae, CH4 and


etanol, C2H5OH terbentuk dari perkongsian elektron
antara atom-atom bukan logam. Sebatian kovalen
terbentuk.

15 C An acid reacts with a metal carbonate to produce a


salt, water and carbon dioxide.
The presence of carbon dioxide will turns lime water
cloudy.

4 C The mass of one mole of sulphur atoms is 32 grams.


One mole of sulphur atoms contains 6.02 1023
sulphur atoms.

Asid bertindak balas dengan logam karbonat untuk


menghasilkan garam, air dan karbon dioksida.
Kehadiran karbon dioksida akan mengeruhkan air
kapur.

Jisim bagi satu mol atom sulfur ialah 32 gram.


Satu mol atom sulfur mengandungi 6.02 1023 atom
sulfur.

16 A Bronze is an alloy made of 90% copper and 10% tin.


An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements with a
certain fixed composition; the major component is a
metal.

5 B An alkali is a chemical substance that ionizes in water


to produce hydroxide ions (OH).

Gangsa adalah sejenis aloi terdiri dari 90% kuprum dan


10% timah. Aloi adalah campuran dua atau lebih unsur
dengan komposisi tetap yang tertentu; di mana komponen
utamanya adalah logam.

Alkali adalah bahan kimia yang mengion dalam air


untuk menghasilkan ion hidroksida (OH).

6 C The Haber process is the industrial process in the


manufacture of ammonia (NH3). This process involves
three stages:

17 A Ceramics are made from clay that has been heated at


a very high temperature. The main components are
silicon, oxygen and aluminium.

Proses Haber merupakan proses industri dalam penghasilan ammonia (NH3). Proses ini melibatkan tiga fasa.

(i)

Seramik diperbuat dari tanah liat yang telah dipanaskan


pada suhu yang sangat tinggi. Komponen utama adalah
silikon, oksigen dan aluminium.

N2 and H2 gases are mixed.


Gas N2 dan H2 dicampurkan.

(ii)

The gas mixture is passed over iron as catalyst


at a temperature of 450550C and pressure of
200500 atm.

18 B Esterification is a chemical reaction between an


alcohol and a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and
water.

Campuran gas dialirkan melalui ferum sebagai


mangkin pada suhu 450550C dan tekanan 200
500 atm.

Pengesteran adalah tindak balas kimia antara alcohol


dan asid karboksilik untuk menghasilkan ester dan air.

(iii) The ammonia obtained is cooled at 50C to


become a liquid.

19 A At the anode, oxidation occurs. An iron atom donates


2 electrons to produce an iron(II) ion.

Amonia yang diperolehi disejukkan pada suhu


50C untuk menjadi cecair.

Di anod, pengoksidaan berlaku. Atom ferum menderma


2 elektron untuk menghasilkan ion ferum(II).

7 A The distance between magnesium and silver is the


farthest in the electrochemical series. The further
apart two metals are in the electrochemical series, the
higher will be the voltmeter reading.

20 B A soap anion is divided into the hydrophobic part


(tail) and hydrophilic part(head).
The hydrophobic part dissolves in water, while the
hydrophilic part dissolves in grease.

Jarak antara magnesium dan argentum adalah yang


paling jauh dalam siri elektrokimia. Semakin jauh jarak
antara dua logam dalam siri elektrokimia, semakin tinggi
bacaan voltmeter.

Anion sabun terbahagi kepada bahagian hidrofobik


(ekor) dan bahagian hidrofilik (kepala). Bahagian
hidrofobik larut dalam air, manakala bahagian hidrofilik
larut dalam gris.

21 C Across Period 3 from left to right, the size of the


atoms decreases. The distance between the nucleus
and valence electrons become nearer. The attraction
of the nucleus on the electrons becomes stronger.
Easier to accept electron/s. Electronegativity increases.

28 A An active electrode is used (silver).


A silver atom donates one electron to form a silver
ion (Ag+) at the anode (P). Therefore, electrode P
becomes thinner.
Elektrod aktif digunakan (argentum). Atom argentum
menderma satu electron untuk menghasilkan ion argentum
(Ag+) di anod (P). Oleh itu elektrod P semakin menipis.

Merentasi kala 3 dari kiri ke kanan, saiz atom berkurang.


Jarak antara nukleus dan elektron valens semakin hampir.
Tarikan nukleus terhadap elektron semakin kuat. Lebih mudah
untuk menerima elektron. Keelektronegatifan bertambah.

29 A Fibre glass has high tensile strength and can be easily


moulded and shaped.

22 C At room temperature (25C), the molecules of Y exist


as gas. The molecules move freely because of the
strongest kinetic energy.

Gentian kaca mempunyai kekuatan regangan tinggi dan


senang dibentuk.

30 B The pressure increases, volume decreases.


The frequency of collision between hydrogen
molecules and nitrogen molecules increases. The
frequency of effective collision increases.

Pada suhu bilik (25C), molekul Y berada dalam keadaan


gas. Molekul-molekul bergerak bebas disebabkan oleh
tenaga kinetik yang paling kuat.

23 B Element X and potassium are located in Group 1 of


the Periodic Table of Elements.

Tekanan bertambah, isi padu berkurang. Frekuensi


perlanggaran antara molekul hidrogen dan molekul
nitrogen bertambah. Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan
bertambah.

Unsur X dan kalium terletak dalam Kumpulan 1 dalam


Jadual Berkala Unsur.

24 D Atoms P, Q and R are located in Period 3. The


attraction of the nucleus on the electrons in atom R is
the strongest, followed by atom Q and atom P.
Therefore, the size of atom R is the smallest, followed
by atom with electrons is 4. Therefore the size of atom
S in the biggest.

31 D P is ethanol, Q is propanoic acid.


The reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid
will produce an ester.
P adalah etanol, Q adalah asid propanoik. Tindak balas
antara alcohol dan asid karboksilik menghasilkan ester.
32 A Number of moles of propane/Bilangan mol propana

= Mass/molar mass

Atom-atom P, Q dan R terletak dalam Kala 3. Tarikan


nukleus terhadap elektron dalam atom R paling kuat,
diikuti oleh atom Q dan P. Oleh itu, saiz atom R adalah
paling kecil diikuti oleh atom Q dan atom P. Atom S
terletak dalam Kala 4. Bilangan petala berisi elektron
adalah 4. Oleh itu, saiz atom S adalah yang paling besar.

Jisim/jisim molar

= 8.8 g mol = 0.2 mol


44 g
H = H/number of moles
H = 2200 kJ 0.2 mol = 440 KJ
33 B The intensity of the blue colour indicates the presence
of iron(II) ions, Fe2+ (iron rust).
Iron is more electropositive than tin and copper. Iron
atoms release electrons to form iron(II), Fe2+.
Experience oxidation or rusting iron rather than a tin
and copper.

25 C Referring to the graph, when temperature is 50C, 1/t


is 0.04 s1
Merujuk kepada graf, apabila suhu adalah 50C, 1/t is
0.04 s1

Therefore time taken = 1/0.04 = 25 s.


Oleh itu masa = 1/0.04 = 25 s.

26 C Electron arrangement:
Mg: 2.8.2 Cl: 2.8.7
An ionic bond is formed between the metal atom and
non-metal atom.

Keamatan warna biru menunjukkan kehadiran ion


ferum(II), Fe2+ (Besi berkarat).
Besi adalah lebih elektropositif daripada stanum dan
kuprum. Atom ferum melepaskan elektron untuk
membentuk ion ferum(II), Fe2+.
Besi mengalami pengoksidaan atau berkarat dan
bukannya stanum dan kuprum.

Susunan elektron:
Mg: 2.8.2 Cl: 2.8.7
Ikatan ion terbentuk antara atom logam dan atom bukan
logam.

34 C Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH reacts with the marble


chips to produce a gas which turns limewater milky

27 B Factor: Concentration of electrolyte


Faktor: Kepekatan elektrolit

Asid etanoik, CH3COOH bertindak balas dengan ketulan


marmar untuk menghasilkan gas yang mengeruhkan air
kapur.

At the anode:
Di anod:

OH ions and I ions move to the anode


Two I ions donate one electron each to form I2
molecule because the concentration of I ion is higher
than OH

35 B % of N = 2(14) 100% = 35.0%


80
36 D Loss of elecyron is called oxidation.
Kehilangan elektron dipanggil pengoksidaan.

Ion OH dan ion I ions bergerak ke anod


Dua ion Imenderma satu elektron setiap satu membentuk
molekul I2 kerana kepekatan ion I lebih tinggi berbanding
ion OH

37 D In the electrochemical series:


X is above W and Y because X is the negative
terminal for both experiments.
X is below Z because Z is the negative terminal.
W is above Y because the voltage between W and
X is 0.3V whereas the voltage between Y and X is
0.8V.

At the cathode:
Di katod:

K+ ions and H+ ions move to the cathode


Two H+ ions accept one electron each to form an H2
molecule because the position of H+ is lower than K+
in the electrochemical series.

Dalam siri elektrokimia:


X di atas W dan Y kerana X merupakan terminal
negatif bagi kedua-dua eksperimen.
X di bawah Z kerana Z merupakan terminal negatif.
W di atas Y kerana voltan antara W dan X adalah
0.3V manakala antara Y dan X adalah 0.8V.

Ion K+ dan ion H+ bergerak ke katod


Dua ion H+ menerima satu elektron setiap satu untuk
menghasilkan molekul H2 kerana kedudukan ion H+ di
bawah ion K+ dalam siri elektrokimia.
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KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

44 D The oxidation number of lead in PbO:


Pb + (2) = 0
Pb = +2
The oxidation number of lead in Pb = 0

Z
1.9V
X
0.3V
W
Y

No. pengoksidaan plumbum dalam PbO:


Pb + (2) = 0
Pb = +2
No. pengoksidaan plumbum dalam Pb = 0.

0.8V

38 B Iron(II) sulphat is a reducing agent will be oxidised.


Oxidation occurs at electrode P. The iron(II) ion
donates an electron to form an iron(III) ion. Electrons
flow from electrode P to Q through the external
circuit. The manganate(VII) ion is an oxidizing agent.
The oxidising agent will be reduced. Reduction occurs
at electrode Q. The manganate(VII) ion accepts
electrons to form the Mn2+ ion.

45 A H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2H2O


(2 50)
= 0.1 mol
No. of moles of H2SO4 =
1000
(2 50)
No. of mole of KOH =
= 0.1 mol
1000
H2SO4 is in excess, KOH is a limiting reactant. (Only
0.5 mol of H2SO4 is used)
No. of moles of H2O = 0.1 mol
54
= 5.4 kJ
Amount of heat released =
0.1
5.6
46 B No of moles of KOH =
(39+16 + 1)
= 0.1 mol
0.1
Concentration in moldm3 =
250
= 0.4 mol dm3
47 B HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
= 0.025 mol
From the equation,
1 mol of HCl reacts with 1 mol of NaOH
Therefore,
no of moles of NaOH = no of mole of HCl
Volume = n(1000)/M
= (0.025)(1000)/1.0
= 25 cm3
48 B ZnCO3 ZnO + CO2
Mass of CO2 = (31.25 20.25)g = 11 g
No of moles of CO2 = 11.1/(12+ 2(16))
= 0.25 mol
Volume of CO2 = 0.25 mol 24 dm3 mol1
= 6 dm3
49 B But-1-ene and but-2-ene are members of the homologous

Ferum(II) sulfat adalah agen penurunan. Agen penurunan


akan teroksida. Pengoksidaan berlaku di elektrod P. Ion
ferum(II) menderma elektron untuk membentuk ion
ferum(III). Elektron mengalir dari elektrod P ke Q
melalui litar luar. Ion manganat(VII) adalah agen
pengoksidaan. Agen pengoksidaan akan terturun.
Penurunan berlaku di elektrod Q. Ion manganat(VII)
menerima elektron untuk membentuk ion Mg2+.

39 B A reaction occurs. The position of copper is lower


than carbon in the reactivity series. Carbon is a
reducing agent. Copper(II) oxide will be reduced to
copper. The oxidation number of copper will change
from +2 to 0. Copper(II) oxide is an oxidizing agent.
Carbon will be oxidized to carbon dioxide. The
oxidation number of carbon will change from 0 to +4.
Tindak balas berlaku. Kedudukan kuprum adalah di
bawah karbon dalam siri kereaktifan. Karbon adalah
agen penurunan. Kuprum(II) oksida diturunkan kepada
kuprum. Nombor pengoksidaan kuprum berubah dari +2
kepada 0. Kuprum(II) oksida adalah agen pengoksidaan.
Karbon dioksidakan kepada karbon dioksida. Nombor
pengoksidaan karbon berubah dari 0 kepada +4.

40 A A brown precipitate confirms that the iron(III) ion is


present. The brown precipitate is iron(III) hydroxide.
A white precipitate confirms that the chloride ion is
present. The white precipitate is silver chloride.

series of alkene because the ending of names is ene-. All


the members of the same homologous series have similar
chemical properties.

Mendakan perang mengesahkan ion ferum(III) hadir.


Mendakan perang tersebut adalah ferum(III) hidroksida.
Mendakan putih mengesahkan ion klorida hadir.
Mendakan putih tersebut adalah argentum klorida.

But-1-ena dan but-2-ena adalah ahli siri homolog alkena


kerana nama berakhir ena-. Semua ahli dalam siri
homolog yang sama mempunyai sifat-sifat kimia yang
sama.

41 D Covalent bonds are formed between non-metal atoms.


Ikatan kovalen terbentuk antara atom-atom bukan logam.

42 C The reaction is exothermic. Heat is released. The


temperature increases.

50 A Copper(II) carbonate decomposes to produce copper(II)


oxide(a black solid) and releases carbon dioxide(turns
limewater milky).

Tindak balas adalah eksotermik. Haba dibebaskan. Suhu


meningkat.

Kuprum(II) karbonat boleh mengurai untuk menghasilkan


kuprum(II) oksida (pepejal warna hitam) dan
membebaskan gas karbon dioksida (merubah air kapur
menjadi keruh).

43 D T and U are non metal atoms, therefore it involve


sharing of electrons: the type of bond is the covalent
bond.
T dan U adalah atom-atom bukan logam. Oleh itu
melibatkan perkongsian elektron: Jenis ikatan adalah
ikatan kovalen.

Electron arrangement:

T
2.4

U
2.6

2
1

4
2

KERTAS 2
Section A
1 (a) 2.7
(b) Group 1/Kumpulan 1
Period 2/Kala 2
(c) (i) P/Ne/Neon
(ii) Atom P has achieve octet electron arrangement/
8 valence electrons

Susunan elektron

Electron needs:
Elektron diperlukan

Smallest ratio:

Atom P telah mencapai susunan elektron octet/8


elektron valens

Nisbah kecil

Chemical formula:
Formula kimia

(d) (i) R//Li/Lithium


(ii) Atom S is more reactive than atom R

TU2

The force of attraction between nucleus and


valens electron in S is weaker.

the air in the combustion tube has been displaced


Gas hidrogen kering dilalukan ke dalam tabung
pembakaran selama beberapa minit sebelum
pemanasan untuk memastikan semua udara telah
dikeluarkan

Atom S lebih reaktif berbanding atom R


Daya tarikan antara nekleus dan elektron valens
dalam S lebih lemah.

The flow of hydrogen gas must be continued


during cooling process to avoid hot metal X from
being oxidized

(e) P, Q, R
2 (a) C3H6
(b) (i) CnH2n+2
(ii) C3H6 + H2 C3H8
(iii) Catalyst: Ni/Nickel/Pd/Paladium/Pt/Platinum

Pengaliran gas hidrogen mestilah berterusan semasa


proses penyejukan untuk mengelakkan logam X yang
masih panas teroksida

Mangkin: Ni/Nikel/Pd/Paladium/Pt/Platinum
Temperature/Suhu: 180C

(c) (i) C3H5OH


(ii)
H
H

OH H

or

Propan-1-ol

OH H

The heating, cooling and weighing processes must


be repeated until a constant mass is obtained to
ensure the combustion is completed.
Proses pemanasan, penyejukan dan penimbangan
mestilah diulangi sehingga jisim tetap diperolehi
untuk memastikan pembakaran lengkap.

(c)

Element/Unsur
Mass/g

Propan-2-ol

Jisim

(d) Prophyl ethanoate/Propil etanoat


3 (a) (i) Atoms of same element that have same proton
number but different nucleon number

41.14 40.50
= 0.64

41.30 41.14
= 0.16

0.64/64
0.1

0.16/16
0.1

No. of mole of
atom
Bil. mol atom

Atom-atom unsur yang sama yang mempunyai


nombor proton yang sama tetapi nombor nukleon
yang berbeza

Smallest mole
ratio

(ii) Cl 35:
35 17 = 18
Cl 37:
37 17 = 20
(iii) Used in water treatment to kill microorganisms/
germs

Nisbah mol
terkecil

Empirical formula = XO
Formula empiric

(d) Magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen


Magnesium lebih reaktif dari hidrogen

Digunakan dalam rawatan air untuk membunuh


mikroorganisma/kuman

5 (a) (i)

(b) (i)

Long-chain/big molecules made up of many


repeating units/monomer
Molekul berantai panjang/besar terdiri dari unitunit berulang/monomer yang banyak.

Temperature/C
Suhu

(ii)
H

Cl

80

(iii) Burning produce toxic gas


(iv) Reduce, reuse and recycle//educate users to the
right disposal methods

43

Kurangkan, guna semula dan kitar semula//pengguna


perlu dididik kaedah pelupusan yang betul

(b) (i)
30

(ii) 1. Lead glass//Lead crystal glass


Kaca plumbum//kaca Kristal plumbum

(ii) At 30C: the particles are arranged closely


packed in orderly manner

2. Soda-lime glass
Kaca soda kapur

Pada 30C: Zarah-zarah disusun rapat, padat dan


teratur.

(iii) Can withstand heat // high melting point


Tahan haba//takat lebur tinggi

At 80C: the particles are arranged closely


packed but not in orderly manner

6 (a) (i)

(ii) Container X
Bekas X

(iii) Energy content of the particles increases.

(iii) Soap will not form insoluble salt/ scum in


container X

Kandungan tenaga zarah-zarah meningkat.

Reaction between magnesium/zinc


hydrochloric acid//sulphuric acid

Hard water
Air liat

Pada 80C: Zarah-zarah disusun rapat, padat


tetapi tidak teratur.

and

Sabun tidak akan membentuk garam tak larut/


kekat dalam bekas X
Streptomycin/Streptomisin

Tindak balas antara magnesium/zink dan asid


hidroklorik//asid sulfurik

(b) (i)
(ii) Antibiotics can slow down/prevent the growth
of bacteria.

(ii) Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2


(iii) Anhydrous cobalt chloride

Antibiotik boleh memperlahankan/menghalang


pertumbuhan bakteria.

Kobalt klorida kontang

(b) Dry hydrogen gas is passed through the combustion


tube for a few minutes before heating to ensure all
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Silicon dioxide//silica//silicon(IV) oxide


Silikon dioksida//silica//silicon(IV) oksida

Time/min
Masa

4 (a) (i)

(iii) Patient becomes ill again


Pesakit sakit semula

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

(iv) Amphetamine/Amfetamin
(v) Blurred vision/headache/high blood pressure/
lack of appetite/rapid breathing

Compound (b)(ii)/CCl4 ia a covalent compound.


Sebatian (b)(ii)/CCl4 adalah sebatian kovalen.

[1m]
CCl4 has no freely moving ions/only consists
as molecule.

Pandangan kabur/sakit kepala/tekanan darah


tinggi/kurang selera makan/pernafasan laju

(c) (i)

CCl4 tidak mempunyai ion-ion bebas bergerak/


[1m]
terdiri dari molekul.

C9H8O4

9(12)
100
(ii) % C =
9(12) + 8(1) + 4(16)
= 60%

(ii) Ions in MgCl2 are held together by strong


electrostatic force.
Ion dalam MgCl2 tertarik antara satu sama lain
oleh daya tarikan elektrostatik yang kuat.

Section B
7 (a) Aluminium ion: 2.8.8

A lot of heat energy is needed to overcome


the forces.

[1m]

Ion aluminium

Oxide ion: 2.8

Banyak tenaga haba diberlukan untuk mengatasi


daya tarikan itu.

[1m]
Magnesium atom donates/releases two
electrons to form magnesium ion

Ion oksida

(b) (i)

Molecules in CCl4 are held together by weak


Van der Waals force.

Atom magnesium menderma/membebaskan dua


elektron untuk membentuk ion magnesium

Molekul dalam CCl4 tertarik antara satu sama


lain oleh daya tarikan Van der waals yang
lemah.

Mg Mg2+ + 2e
[1m]
Chlorine atom accepts/receives one electron
to form chloride ion

Less heat energy is needed to overcome the


forces.

Atom klorin menerima satu elektron untuk


membentuk ion klorida

Kurang tenaga haba diperlukan untuk mangatasi


daya tarikan itu

Cl + e Cl
[1m]
Magnesium ion and chloride ion are attracted
to one another by strong electrostatic force.

8 (a) (i)

[1m]
(ii) Total energy content of reactant is higher than
total energy content in product.

Ion magnesium dan ion klorida tertarik antara


satu sama lain oleh daya tarikan elektrostatik
[1m]
yang kuat.

Jumlah tenaga bahan lebih tinggi dari jumlah


[1m]
tenaga hasil.

2+

(iii) The heat of neutralization of Experiment 1 is


higher than Experiment 2.

Haba peneutralan Eksperimen 1 lebih tinggi


dari Eksperimen 2.

Magnesium ion

Chloride ion

Ion magnesium

Ion klorida

HCl/hydrochloric acid is a strong acid while


CH3COOH/ethanoic acid is a weak acid.
HCl/asid hidroklorik adalah asid kuat manakala
CH3COOH/asid etanoik adalah asid lemah.

[1m+1m]
(ii) Carbon atom contributes/needs/requires four
electrons to share

[1m]
Hydrochloric acid ionizes completely in
water to produce high concentration of H+
ion.

Atom karbon menyumbangkan/memerlukan


[1m]
empat elektron untuk dikongsi

Asid hidroklorik mengion lengkap dalam air


menghasilkan ion H+ dengan kepekatan tinggi.

Chlorine atom contributes/needs/requires one


electron to share

[1m]
Ethanoic acid ionizes partially in water to
produce low concentration of H+ ion.

Atom klorin menyumbangkan/memerlukan satu


[1m]
elektron untuk dikongsi

One carbon atom shares four valence electrons


with four chlorine atoms

Asid etanoik mengion separa dalam air


menghasilkan ion H+ dengan kepekatan rendah.

Satu atom karbon berkongsi empat elektron


[1m]
valens dengan empat atom klorin

[1m]
In Experiment 2, some of heat given out
during neutralization reaction is used to
dissociate the ethanoic acid completely in
water//part of heat that is released is used to
break the bonds in the molecules of ethanoic
acid that has not been ionized.

Cl

Cl

Cl

Dalam Eksperimen 2, sebahagian haba yang


dibebaskan digunakan untuk menceraikan asid
etanoik dengan lengkap//sebahagian haba yang
dibebaskan digunakan untuk memecahkan ikatan
dalam molekul asid etanoik yang tidak terion.

Cl

(c) (i)

Neutralisation/Exothermic reaction.
Tindak balas Peneutralan/Eksotermik.

[1m+1m]
Compound (b)(i)/MgCl2 is an ionic compound.
(b) (i)

Sebatian (b)(i)/MgCl2 adalah sebatian ion.

[1m]
In molten state, MgCl2 has freely moving
ions.

[1m]
No of mol acid/alkali = 50 1/1000= 0.05 mol
Bilangan mol asid/alkali
[1m]
Q = H no of mol/bil. mol
= 57.3 0.05
= 2.865 kJ = 2865 J

Dalam keadaan leburan, MgCl2 mempunyai


[1m]
ion-ion bebas bergerak.

[1m]

(ii) 2865 = 100 4.2


= 2865
420
= 6.8C
[1m]
(iii) Some of heat is lost to the sorrounding
Sebahagian haba hilang ke sekitaran
[1m]
Heat is absorbed by polystyrene cup
Haba diserap oleh cawan polisterina
[1m]
(c)

The reaction is
exothermic/Heat
releases to the
surrounding during the
reaction.

The reaction is
endothermic/Heat
absorbed from the
surrounding during the
reaction.

Tindak balas adalah


eksotermik/Haba
dibebaskan ke sekitaran
semasa tindak balas.

Tindak balas adalah


endotermik/Haba diserap
dari sekitaran semasa
tindak balas.

Glowing splinter relights.

Heat absorbed from the


surrounding is y kJ per
mol

Haba dibebaskan ke
sekitaran sebanyak x kJ
setiap mol.

Haba diserap dari


sekitaran sebanyak y kJ
[1m]
setiap mol

The total energy


content in reactant is
higher than total energy
content in product.

The total energy


content in reactant is
lower than total energy
content in product.

Jumlah kandungan
tenaga bahan lebih
tinggi dari jumlah
kandungan tenaga hasil.

Jumlah kandungan
tenaga bahan lebih
rendah dari jumlah
kandungan tenaga hasil.

The temperature
decreases during the
reaction.

Suhu meningkat semasa


tindak balas.

Suhu menurun semasa


[1m]
tindak balas.

Heat released during


the formation of bond
in product is higher
than heat absorbed
during the breaking of
bond in reactant.

Heat absorbed during


the breaking of bond in
reactant is higher than
heat released during
the formation of bond
in product.

Haba dibebaskan
semasa pembentukan
ikatan dalam hasil lebih
tinggi dari haba diserap
semasa pemecahan
ikatan dalam bahan.

Haba diserap semasa


pemecahan ikatan dalam
bahan lebih tinggi dari
haba dibebaskan semasa
pembentukan ikatan
[1m]
dalam hasil.

[1m]

OH terletak di bawah NO3 dalam siri


elektrokimia//Kepekatan Cl/I lebih rendah
[1m]
dari OH

(b) (i)
(ii)

4OH 2H2O + O2 + 4e
R, S, P, Q

[1m+1m]
[1m]

V
Q

Electrolyte
[any suitable electrolyte]
Elektrolit
[mana-mana elektrolit
yang sesuai]

[1m+1m]
Procedure/Prosedur:
1. Clean the metals with sandpaper
Bersihkan logam menggunakan kertas pasir

[1m]
2. Fill the beaker with [named electrolyte]

[1m]
The temperature
increases during the
reaction.

[1m]

Ion OH derma elektron


[1m]
OH is lower than NO3 in electrochemical
series//The concentration of Cl/I is lower
than OH

[1m]
Heat releases to the
surrounding is x kJ per
mol.

[1m]

Kayu uji berbara menyala

(iii) Anion:
NO3/Cl/I
Product/kation:
Oxygen/Hasil
OH ion donates electron

Masukkan [nama elektrolit] ke dalam bikar

[1m]
3. Dip metal P and metal Q into electrolyte
Rendam logam P dan logam Q ke dalam
[1m]
elektrolit

4. Connect to voltmeter
[1m]

Sambungkan ke voltmeter

5. Record the potential difference


Rekod beza keupayaan
[1m]
6. Repeat steps [3 to 7] using metals Q, S and
metals R, S.
Ulang langkah [3 hingga 7] menggunakan
[1m]
pasangan logam Q, S dan R, S

Maximum: 6 marks
Maksimum: 6 markah

10 (a) Carbon dioxide/CO2


Karbon dioksida/CO2

[1m]

Bubble/flow the gas through lime water


Buihkan/Alirkan gas melalui air kapur

Section C
9 (a) (i)

[1m]

Lime water turns milky/chalky


Cation/kation:
Cu2+/copper(II) ion
Cu2+/Ion kuprum(II)
Half equation/Persamaan setengah:

Air kapur menjadi keruh


[1m]
Add dilute sulphuric acid followed by iron(II)
sulphate solution.

[1m]

Tambah asid suilfurik cair diikuti dengan larutan


[1m]
ferum(II) sulfat

Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Product/Hasil:
Copper/Kuprum
[1m]
(ii) Oxygen/Oksigen
[1m]
Insert glowing splinter into the test-tube

Add concentrated sulphuric acid slowly/carefully.


Tambah asid sulfurik pekat perlahan-lahan/berhati[1m]
hati

A brown ring is formed.


Cincin perang terbentuk

Masukkan kayu uji berbara ke dalam tabung


[1m]
uji
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

[1m]

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

PbCO3
Colour of
residue
Warna baki

Gas

(ii) volume of the gas increases

Solid X

isipadu gas bertambah

Brown when hot


Yellow when
cold

Brown when
hot Yellow
when cold

Perang semasa
panas
Kuning semasa
sejuk

Perang semasa
panas
Kuning semasa
sejuk

until t = 180 s
sehingga t = 180 s

then remains constant


kemudian kekal tetap

(iii)
Volume/cm3
Isipadu

Gas turns lime


water milky

A brown gas
released/The gas
Gas mengeruhkan ignited the
air kapur
glowing wooden
splinter

50
40
30

Gas perang
terbebas/
Gas menyalakan
kayu uji berbara

20
10

[1m + 1m]
(b) Add baking powder.

30

[1m]

Tambah serbuk penaik.

(c) (i)

Baking powder produce carbon dioxide/gas

90

Manipulated

120

160

180

210

Time/s
Masa

variable/Pemboleh

ubah

manipulasi

Serbuk penaik menghasilkan karbon dioksida/gas

Size of calcium carbonate/Total surface area


of calcium carbonate

[1m]
(c) (i)

60

Barium nitrate/Barium chloride and


[1m]

Saiz kalsium karbonat/Jumlah luas permukaan


kalsium karbonat
Responding variable/Pemboleh ubah bergerak
balas

[1m]
(ii) 1. Pour [20100] cm of [0.11.0] mol dm3
barium nitrate solution into a beaker.

Rate of reaction/Volume of carbon dioxide


gas liberated per unit time

Barium nitrat/Barium klorida dan

Sodium sulphate/Potassium sulphate


Natrium sulfat/Kalium sulfat

(Any suitable sulphate solution)


(Mana-mana larutan sulfat)
3

Kadar tindak balas/Isi padu gas karbon dioksida


terbebas per unit masa
Constant variable/Pemboleh ubah malar

Tuang [20100] cm , [0.11.0] mol dm


[1m]
larutan barium nitrat ke dalam bikar.

Concentration and volume of hydrochloric


acid/Mass of calcium carbonate/Temperature

2. Add slowly [20100] cm3 of [0.11.0] mol


dm3 sodium sulphate solution into the
beaker.

Kepekatan dan isipadu asid hidroklorik/Jisim


kalsium karbonat/Suhu

Tambah perlahan-lahan [20100] cm3, [0.1


1.0] mol dm3 larutan natrium sulfat ke dalam
[1m]
bikar tersebut.

(ii) The smaller the size of calcium carbonate, the


higher the rate of reaction/
When the total surface area of calcium carbonate
increases, the rate of reaction increases/
The larger the total surface area of calcium
carbonate, the higher the volume of carbon
dioxide gas liberated per unit time.

3. Stir the mixture.


[1m]

Kacau larutan campuran.

4. Filter the mixture.


[1m]

Turas campuran.

5. Rinse the residue with distilled water.

Semakin kecil saiz kalsium karbonat, semakin


tinggi kadar tindak balas/Apabila jumlah luas
permukaan kalsium karbonat bertambah, kadar
tindak balas bertambah/Semakin besar jumlah luas
permukaan kalsium karbonat, semakin tinggi
isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terbebas per unit
masa

Bilas sisa menggunakan air suling.


[1m]
6. Dry the salt/crystal by pressing between two
pieces of filter paper.
Keringkan garam/kristal dengan menekan di
[1m]
antara dua keping kertas turas.

Na2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 + 2NaNO3


Ba2+ + SO42 BaSO4

[1m]
[1m]

(d) The smaller size calcium carbonate has a larger


total surface area.

KERTAS 3
1 (a) Burette reading/cm3/Bacaan buret/cm3
120 s = 15.40
0 s = 50.00
150 s = 11.40
30 s = 39.90
180 s = 8.40
60 s = 30.50
210 s = 8.40
90 s = 21.90
(b) (i)
Time/s
Masa

30

60

90

120

150

Semakin kecil saiz kalsium karbonat, semain besar


jumlah luas permukaan.

The frequency of effective collision between


calcium carbonate and hydrogen ions is higher.
Frekuensi pelanggaran berkesan antara kalsium
karbonat dan ion hidrogen semakin tinggi

The rate of reaction is higher.


160

Kadar tindak balas lebih tinggi

210

2 (a) 2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O


No. of moles f NaOH = MV = 0.1 25
1000
1000
Bil. mol

Burette
reading/cm3 50.00 39.90 30.50 21.90 15.40 11.40 8.40 8.40
Bacaan buret
Volume of
gas/cm3
Isi padu gas

= 0.0025 mol
Volume/Isi padu HCl = 25.10 + 25.10 + 24.8/3
= 25.00 cm3

0.00 10.10 19.50 28.10 34.60 38.60 41.60 41.60

From the equation, 2 mol of NaOH reacts with 1 mol


of H2SO4
Therefore, no. of mole of HCl = 0.0025 = 0.00125
2
mol

Apparatus/Alat radas:
Test tube, test tube rack/Tabung uji, rak tabung uji
(e) 1. Clean three iron nails, magnesium strip and
copper strips with sandpaper.

Dari persamaan, 2 mol NaOH bertindak balas dengan


1 mol H2SO4
0.0025
= 0.00125 mol
Oleh itu, bilangan mol HCl =
2
Concentration/Kepekatan of HCl = 0.0025 1000

Bersihkan tiga batang paku besi, jalur magnesium


dan jalur kuprum dengan kertas pasir.

2. Coil two iron nails with magnesium and copper


each.
Gelung dua batang paku besi dengan magnesium
dan kuprum tiap satu.

25.00
= 0.05 mol dm3

3. Place all the three iron nails in separate labeled


test tubes.

(b) Pink to colourless


Merah jambu ke tanpa warna

Masukkan paku besi ke dalam tabung uji secara


berasingan.

(c) The end point of neutralization is the volume of


sulphuric acid added to neutralize the sodium
hydroxide solution completely and determined by the
colour change of phenolphthalein from pink to
colourless.

4. Pour the same volume of hot jelly containing


potassium hexacynoferrate into the test tubes until
it covers completely the iron nails
Tuang agar-agar panas mengandungi kalium
hekasianoferat(II) ke dalam tabung uji dengan
isipadu yang sama sehingga meliputi keseluruhan
paku besi.

Takat akhir pentitratan ialah isipadu asid sulfurik


ditambah untuk meneutralkan larutan natrium hidroksida
dengan lengkap dan ditentukan oleh perubaan warna
fenolftalein dari merah jambu ke tanpa warna

(d)

Strong acid/Asid kuat

5. Place the test tubes in the test rack and leave them
aside for a day.

Weak acid/Asid lemah

Phosphoric acid

Acetic acid

Asid fosforik

Asid asetik

Hydrochloric acid

Propanoic acid

Asid hidroklorik

Asid propanoik

Nitric acid

Butanoic acid

Asid nitrik

Asid butanoik

Letakkan tabung uji ke dalam rak tabung uji dan


biarkan selama sehari

(f)

Pemerhatian

II (Iron and magnesium/


Ferum dan magnesium)

III (Iron and copper/


Ferum dan kuprum)

Bagaimanakah logam-logam berbeza yang bersentuhan


dengan besi memberi kesan ke atas pengaratan?
(b) Manipulated variable/Pemboleh ubah manipulasi:

KERTAS MODEL SPM 2


KERTAS 1
1 C In the Periodic Table, the elements are arranged in
order of increasing proton number.

Different type of metals


Jenis logam yang berbeza

Responding variable/Pemboleh ubah bergerak


balas:
Presence of blue colouration/Rusting of iron

Dalam Jadual Berkala, unsur-unsur disusun mengikut


urutan menaik nombor proton.

2 C Chemical bonds can be formed by:

Kehadiran warna biru/Pengaratan besi


Constant variable/Pemboleh ubah malar:

Ikatan kimia boleh terbentuk secara:

(i)
of

jelly

Paku besi/agar-agar/suhu/isipadu larutan agar-agar

the transfer (donation, acceptance) of electrons


from atoms of metals to atoms of non metals:
ionic bond
perpindahan (derma, terima) elektron dari atom
logan ke atom bukan logam: ikatan ionik

(c) Hypothesis/Hipotesis:
When a more electropositive metal is in contact with
iron, the metal prevents rusting.
When a less electropositive metal is in contact with
iron, the metal speed up rusting.

(ii) sharing of electrons between atoms of non


metals: covalent bond
perkongsian elektron antara atom-atom bukan
logam: ikatan kovalen.

Apabila logam lebih elektropositif bersentuhan dengan


besi, logam tersebut menghalang pengaratan.
Apabila logam kurang elektropositif bersentuhan
dengan besi, logam tersebut mempercepatkan
pengaratan.
(d) Materials/Bahan-bahan:

3 C The Rutherford atomic model:


Model atom Rutherford:

An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons


and is surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
Atom terdiri dari nukleus yang mengandungi proton
dan dikelilingi oleh awan elektron.

Iron nails, magnesium strip [or a named metal which


is more electropositive than iron], copper strip [or
a named metal which is less electropositive than
iron], hot jelly solution with a little potassium
hexacyanoferrate(II), sandpaper

A proton is a positively charged particle in the atom.


Proton merupakan zarah bercas positif di dalam atom.

Electrons move outside the nucleus


Elektron bergerak di luar nukleus

4 B Ba(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaNO3


Ba(NO3)2 + 2NaCl BaCl2 + 2NaNO3
Barium sulphate is a white precipate
All sulphates are soluble in water except BaCaP
(Ba, Ca, Pb)

Paku besi, jalur magnesium [atau logam lebih


elektropositif dari besi yang dinamakan], jalur kuprum
[atau logam kurang elektropositif dari besi yang
dinamakan], larutan agar-agar panas dengan sedikit
kalium heksasianofferat(II), kertas pasir.
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

Observation

I (Iron/ferum)

3 (a) Problem statement/Pernyataan masalah:


How do different types of metals in contact with iron
affect rusting?

Iron nails/jelly/temperature/volume
solution

Test tube
Tabung uji

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

komposisi tetap di mana komponen utamanya ialah


logam.

Barium chloride is a colourless solution


All chlorides are soluble in water except PAMer
(Pb, Ag, Hg Mercury)

12 B Manufacture of sulphuric acid in industry: The


Contact Process
Raw materials: Sulphur, air and water
Catalyst used: vanadium(V) oxide

Barium sulfat adalah mendakan putih


Semua garam sulfat larut dalam air kecuali BaCaP
(Ba, Ca, Pb)
Barium klorida adalah larutan tanpa warna
Semua garam klorida larut dalam air kecuali PAMer
(Pb, Ag, Hg Merkuri)

Pembuatan asid sulfurik dalam industri: Proses Sentuh


Bahan mentah: Sulfur, udara dan air
Mangkin: vanadium(V) oksida

5 C No water is present in molten potassium iodide.


Water is present in an aqueous solution of potassium
iodide.

13 D Properties of stainless steel:


Ciri-ciri keluli nirkarat:

shiny, strong, hard, non-rusty

Tiada air dalam leburan kalium klorida.


Air hadir dalam akues kalium klorida.

kilat, kuat, keras, tidak karat

14 A The general formula of C2H4 and C3H6 is CnH2n


(alkene)

6 B Pb(NO3)2 PbO + O2 + NO2


Brown gas = NO2

Formula am bagi C2H4 dan C3H6 adalah CnH2n (alkena)

Gas perang = NO2

15 C Hydration of propene will produce propanol


(Compound X)

Gas which lights up a glowing wooden splinter =


O2

Penghidratan propena akan menghasilkan propanol


(Sebatian X)

Gas menyalakan kayu uji berbara = O2

The substance that is brown when hot, yellow when


cold = PbO

Oxidation of ethanol will produce ethanoic acid


(Compound Y)

Bahan yang berwarna perang semasa panas, kuning


setelah sejuk = PbO

Pengoksidaan etanol akan menghasilkan asid etanoik


(Sebatian Y)

7 D Copper(II) chloride is a soluble salt not of the type


ANaK (Ammonium, Sodium, Potassium)

Reaction between propanol and ethanoic acid will


produce propyl ethanoate (ester).

Kuprum(II) klorida adalah garam larut bukan jenis


ANaK (Amonium, Natrium, Kalium)

Tindak balas antara propanol dan asid etanoik akan


menghasilkan propil etanoat (ester)

Can be prepared by the reaction between hydrochloric


acid and

16 B A catalyst is a chemical substance that changes the


rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any
chemical change at the end of the reaction.

Boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas antara asid


hidroklorid dan
(i) copper(II) oxide/kuprum(II) oksida
(ii) copper (II) carbonate/kuprum(II) karbonat

Mangkin adalah bahan kimia yang mengubah kadar


sesuatu tindak balas tanpa mengalami sebarang
perubahan kimia pada akhir tindak balas.

No reaction occurs between copper metal and


hydrochloric acid because the position of copper is
lower than hydrogen in the Electrochemical Series.

17 A Reaction: Dehydration of ethanol.


Tindak balas: Pendehidratan etanol

P is ethene (C2H4)

Tiada tindak balas berlaku antara logam kuprum dan


asid hidroklorik kerana kedudukan kuprum di bawah
hidrogen dalam siri elektrokimia.

P adalah etena (C2H4)

Ethene will change the brown colour of bromine


water to colourless.

8 C Electrolyte: A chemical substance that can conduct


electricity in molten or aqueous solution and undergo
chemical changes.

Etena akan mengubah warna perang air bromin kepada


tanpa warna.

18 B Barbiturate is an antidepressant medicine.

Elektrolit: Bahan kimia yang boleh mengkonduksi


elektrik dalam keadaan leburan atau akues dan
mengalami perubahan kimia.

Barbiturat merupakan sejenis ubat antidepresan.

19 B Iron(II) ion, Fe2+ is oxidized to iron(III) ion, Fe3+


because the oxidation number changes from +2
to +3.

Example: Lead(II) nitrate solution, sodium chloride


solution, hydrochloric acid, vinegar.

Ion ferum(II), Fe2+ dioksidakan kepada ion ferum(III),


Fe3+ kerana nombor pengoksidaan berubah dari +2 ke
+3.

Contoh: Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat, larutan natrium


klorida, asid hidroklorik, cuka.

Non-electrolyte: A substance that cannot conduct


electricity at any state.

20 D The iodide ion, I donates electrons to form the


iodine molecule, I2 at electrode P.

Bukan elektrolit: bahan yang tidak boleh mengkonduksi


elektrik dalam semua keadaan.

Ion iodida, I menderma elektron untuk membentuk


molekul iodin, I2 di elektrod P

Example: Methylbenzene, glucose solution, absolute


alcohol, glacial ethanoic acid.

I ion is oxidized to I2 molecule.

Contoh: Metilbenzena, larutan glukosa, alcohol mutlak,


asid etanoik glasial.

A brown solution is formed

Ion I dioksidakan kepada molekul I2


Larutan perang terbentuk

9 D
10 C Soda lime glass is made from silicon dioxide, calcium
carbonate, sodium carbonate.

The I ion is a reducing agent


Ion I merupakan agen penurunan

Electrons flow from electrode P to electrode Q


through the external circuit

Kaca soda kapur diperbuat dari silicon dioksida, kalsium


karbonat, natrium karbonat.

Elektron mengalir dari elektrod P ke elektrod Q


melalui litar luar

11 C An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements with a


certain fixed composition in which the major
component is a metal.

The manganate(VII) ion accepts electrons to


produce the Mn2+ ion at electrode Q

Aloi merupakan campuran dua atau lebih unsur dengan

10

Ion manganat(VII)
membentuk ion Mn2+

menerima

elektron

Dari persamaan, 1 mol XCO3 menghasilkan 1 mol XO

untuk

No of moles of XCO3 = No of moles of XO

The manganate(VII) ion is oxidized to Mn2+ ion

Bil. mol XCO3 = Bil. mol XO

Ion manganat(VII) dioksidakan kepada ion Mn2+

= 0.05 mol
Mass of XCO3 = (0.05)(64 + 12 + 3(16))

The colour of the solution changes from purple to


colourless

Jisim

= 6.2 g
30 D Formula of the compound formed

Warna larutan berubah dari ungu kepada tanpa


warna

Formula bagi sebatian terbentuk

The manganate(VII) ion is an oxidising agent

= KL4
RMM = 12 + 4(35.5) = 154
31 B Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same
number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Ion manganat(VII) merupakan agen pengoksidaan

21 D Proton number is the number of protons in the


nucleus of an atom.
Nombor proton adalah bilangan proton di dalam
nukleus sesuatu atom.

Isotop adalah atom-atom unsur yang sama yang


mempunyai bilangan proton yang sama tetapi bilangan
neutron yang berlainan.

In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal


to the number of electrons.

32 B Rate of reaction in the second minute

Dalam atom neutral, bilangan proton sama dengan


bilangan elektron.

Kadar tindak balas dalam minit kedua

= (40.50 27.50)/(120 60)


= 13/60 = 0.22 cm3s1
33 A Ne: 10 electrons/elektron
Na+: (11 1) = 10 electrons/elektron
Al3+: (13 3) = 10 electrons/elektron
Al: 13 electrons/elektron
34 B C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
No of moles of propane/Bil. mol propena
= 5.5/(3 12) + (8 1)
= 0.125 mol
From the equation, one mole of propane reacts with
5 mole of oxygen

The P3+ ion contains 10 electrons and (10 + 3)


protons = 13
Ion P3+ mengandungi 10 elektron dan (10 + 3) proton
= 13

Nucleon number is the total number of protons and


neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. (13 + 14 ) = 27
Nombor nukleon adalah jumlah bilangan proton dan
neutron di dalam nukleus sesuatu atom. (13 + 14) = 27
22 D Electroplating/Penyaduran

Anode: Copper electrode


Anod: Elektrod kuprum

Cathode: Metal ring


Katod: cincin logam

Daripada persamaan propena bertindak balas dengan 5


mol oksigen
No of mole of O2/Bil. mol

23 C Element X is located in group 18.


Unsur X terletak dalam kumpulan 18.

= 0.125 5 = 0.625 mol


Volume of O2/Isi padu
= 0.625 24 dm3
= 15 dm3
35 D Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2
No of moles of/Bil. mol Zn
1.3
= 0.02 mol
=
65
From the equation, 1 mole of zinc produces 1 mole
of hydrogen gas.

24 B X: 2.8.2
Y: 2.6
To achieve a stable octet electron arrangement, one
atom X donates two electrons and are received by one
atom Y.
Untuk mencapai susunan elektron octet yang stabil, satu
atom X menderma dua elektron dan diterima oleh satu
atom Y.

25 D The formula of the ion of X is X3+


Formula bagi ion X ialah X3+

Therefore, the formula of the sulphate of X is


X2(SO4)3.

Dari persamaan, 1 mol zink menghasilkan 1 mol gas


hidrogren.

Oleh itu formula garam sulfat bagi X ialah X2(SO4)3.

No of moles of H2 = No of mole of Zn
= 0.02 mol
Volume of/Isi padu H2
= 0.02 22.4
= 0.448 dm3
= 448 dm3

26 D The number of electrons in X2+ is


Bilangan elektron dalam X2+ ialah

(12 2) = 10 Therefore the electron arrangement is


2.8. The number of shells filled with electrons is 2.
(12 2) = 10. Oleh itu susunan elektron ialah 2.8.
Bilangan petala berisi elektron ialah 2.

36 D
37 C
38 C Oxidation number of Mn in MnO4

The number of electrons in Y ion is


Bilangan elektron dalam ion Y ialah

(17 + 1) = 18. Therefore the electron arrangement is


2.8.8. The number of shells filled with electrons is 3.

Nombor pengoksidaan Mn di dalam MnO4

x + 4(2) = 1
x = 1 + 8 = +7
Oxidation number of Mn in Mn2+ = +2

(17 + 1) = 18. Oleh itu susunan elektron ialah 2.8.8.


Bilangan petala berisi elektron ialah 3.

27 D Ice will change to water when heated to 60C. The


change in the state of matter: solid to liquid.

Nombor pengoksidaan Mn di dalam M2+ = +2

Oxidation number of I in I = 1

Ais berubah ke air apabila dipanaskan ke suhu 60C.


Perubahan keadaan jirim: pepejal ke cecair.

Nombor pengoksidaan I di dalam I = 1

Oxidation number of I in I2 = 0

28 C
29 D XCO3 XO + CO2
From the equation, one 1 of XCO3 produce 1 mole of
XO
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

Nombor pengoksidaan I di dalam I2 = 1

39 C Mg : 2.8.2
O : 2.6
To achieve a stable octet electron arrangement, one

11

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

magnesium atom donates 2 electrons to form a Mg2+


ion. One oxygen atom receives 2 electrons to form an
O2 ion.

therefore, no of moles of FeCl3 =


Oleh itu, bil. mol

2 0.005
3

= 0.003333333 mol
Mass of/Jisim FeCl3 = 0.003333333 (56 + 3(35.5))
= 0.542 g
Heat released/ haba dibebaskan
45 A H =
n
HCl + KOH KCl + H2O
n H2O = n HCl = nKOH
= (2)(50)/1000
= 0.1 mol
Therefore, heat released

Untuk mencapai susunan elektron oktet yang stabil, satu


atom magnesium menderma 2 elektron untuk membentuk
ion Mg2+. Satu atom oksigen menerima 2 elektron untuk
membentuk ion O2.

The Mg2+ ion and O2 ion are attracted together by


strong electrostatic forces forming the ionic compound,
MgO.
Ion Mg2+ dan ion O2 tertarik antara satu sama lain oleh
daya tarikan elektrostatik yang kuat membentuk sebatian
ion, MgO.

Oleh itu, haba dibebaskan

40 D Substance P is a reactive metal.


41 C C3H6 + 9/2 O2 3CO2 + 3H2O
From the equation, one mole of propene reacts with
9 mol of O to produce 3 mol of CO and 3 mol of H O
2
2
2
2

= 0.1 54 kJ
= 5.4 kJ
46 A E and F are non metal atoms.
Involve sharing of electrons to form covalent
compound with the formula EF2.

Daripada persamaan, satu mol propena bertindak balas


9
dengan
mol O2 menghasilkan 3 mol CO2 dan 3 mol
2
H2O

E dan F adalah atom-atom bukan logam


Melibatkan perkongsian elektron untuk membentuk
sebatian kovalen dengan formula EF2.

Bahan P adalah logam reaktif.

47 C n Fe = n FeSO4 = (0.4)(80)/1000
= 0.032 mol
Heat released/haba dibebaskan
= 189 kJ mol1 0.032 mol
= 6.048 kJ
= 6048 J
Heat released/haba dibebaskan = mc
6048C
= 18C
=
80 4.2
48 B No of moles of HCl/Bil. mol HCl
(i) Exp I = (2)(25)/1000 = 0.05 mol
(ii) Exp II = (1.5)(50)/1000 = 0.057 mol
(iii) Exp III = (1.5)(10)/1000 =0.015 mol
Volume of CO2 gas in Exp II is the highest (P),
followed by Exp I (Q) and Exp III (R).

If 0.1 mol of propene is burnt:


Jika 0.1 mol propena terbakar

Mass of water = (0.1)(3)(RMM H2O)


Jisim air

= (0.1)(3)(18) = 5.4g
Volume of CO2 = (0.1)(3)(22.4)
Isi padu

= 6.72 dm3
If 4.2 g of propene is burnt:
Jika 4.2 g propanol terbakar

No of mole of C3H6 = 4.2/(3 12) + (6 1)


Bil. mol

= 0.1 mol
Mass of oxygen/ Jisim oksigen = (0.1)(9/2)(RMM O2)
= (0.1)(9/2)(32) = 14.4g
42 D The heating, cooling and weighing steps are repeated
until a constant mass is obtained to ensure the reaction
is complete.

Isi padu gas CO2 paling tinggi dalam Eksp. II (P), diikuti
oleh Eksp. I (Q) dan Eksp. III (R).

49 D

Langkah pemanasan, penyejukan dan penimbangan


diulang sehingga jisim tetap diperoleh bagi memastikan
tindak balas lengkap.

mass/jisim
molar mass/jisim molar
8.0
=
80
= 0.1 mol Y
Ratio/Nisbah:
1 mol 2 mol Y
0.1
mol 0.1 mol Y
2
= 0.05 mol X
Relatif atomic mass of/Jisim atom relatif X
5.0 g
= 0.05 mol =
RAM
RAM of X = 100 g

50 D n =

43 D MgO + 2HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + H2O


No of moles of nitric acid/Bil. mol asid nitrik
= (2)(50)/1000 = 0.1 mol
From the chemical equation,
two moles of HNO3 produce one mole of Mg(NO3)2,
therefore
Daripada persamaan, 2 mol HNO3 menghasilkan 1 mol
Mg(NO3)2
No of mole of/ Bil. mol Mg(NO3)2 = 0.1/2 mol

= 0.05 mol
Molar mass/Jisim molar Mg(NO3)2 = 24 + 2(14 +
3(16))
= 148 gmol1
Mass of/Jisim Mg(NO3)2 = 0.05 148
= 7.4 g
44 B 3Cl2 + 2Fe 2FeCl3
0.120 dm3
No of moles of chlorine gas =
24 dm3mol1
Bil. mol gas klorin

KERTAS 2
Section A
1 (a) (i) The temperature at which solid turns to liquid
Suhu di mana pepejal bertukar ke cecair

(ii) 83C
(iii) Heat energy absorbed is used to overcome the
force of attraction between particles

= 0.005 mol
From the chemical equation,
3 moles of Cl2 produce 2 moles of FeCl3

Haba diserap digunakan untuk mengatasi daya


tarikan antara zarah

Daripada persamaan, 3 mol CI2 menghasilkan 2 mol


FeCl3

12

(d) (i)

(b) (i) Diffusion/Resapan


(ii) Ion
(iii) Potassium manganate(VII) is made up of tiny
and discrete particles

Volume of CO2 / cm3


Isi padu CO2

Kalium manganat(VII) terdiri dari zarah-zarah


seni dan diskrit

100

The spaces between particles in gel are


smaller than in water//vice versa

90

Ruang antara zarah-zarah agar-agar lebih kecil


berbanding air/atau sebaliknya

80

Potassium manganate(VII) particles diffuse


slower in gel/vice versa

70

Zarah-zarah alium manganat(VII) meresap


lebih lambat dalam agar-agar/atau sebaliknya

60

2 (a) (i) W
(ii) T
(iii) V
(b) T, S, W, V, U
(c) 4
(d) W has higher number of protons than U.
The nuclei attraction on the electrons in W is stronger.

50
40
30
20

W mempunyai bilangan proton lebih banyak berbanding


U.
Daya tarikan nucleus terhadap elektron dalam W lebih
kuat.

10

Time/s

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

3+

(e) V
(f) Transition Elements

Paksi berlabel dengan unit yang betul

Unsur peralihan

3 (a) (i)

Masa

Both axes are labeled with the correct units


Scales are suitable(cover graph paper)

Haber Process

Skala sesuai ( dari kertas graf)

Proses Haber

All points are transferred correctly

(ii) 3H2 + N2 2NH3


(iii) Catalyst: Iron
Temperature: 450C

Pindah semua titik betul

Smooth curve
Lengkungan licin

Mangkin: Ferum
Suhu: 450C

(ii)
Volume of CO2 / cm3
Isi padu CO2

(b) Sulphur trioxide is dissolved in concentrated H2SO4


to form oleum.
Sulfur trioksida larut dalam H2SO4 pekat membentuk
oleum

100

Oleum is diluted with water to produce sulphuric


acid.

90

Oleum bertindak balas dengan air menghasilkan asid


sulfurik

80

(c) (i) (NH4)2SO4


(ii) % of N = 2(14) 100%
2(14) + 8(1) + 32 + 4(16)
= 21.21%

70
60
50

4 (a)

40
30
20
10

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

Time /s
Masa

A tangent is drawn on the graph


Tangen dilukis pada graf

(b) 2HCl + CaCO3 CaCl2 + H2O + CO2


32 cm3
(c)
50 s
= 0.64 cm3s1

64 52
125 75
0.24 cm3s1 + 0.02//range [0.22 0.26]
5 (a) Chemical energy to electrical energy
Calculation:

Tenaga kimia ke tenaga elektrik


Zinc/Zink

(b) (i)
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

13

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

(ii) Set I, sodium hydroxide ionize/dissociate in


water
Set I, natrium hidroksida terion/tercerai [1m]
produce free ions
menghasilkan ion-ion bergerak bebas
[1m]
Set II, sodium hydroxide does not ionize/
dissociate

(ii) Zink is more electropositive than iron//The


position of Zinc is higher than Iron in the
electrochemical series
Zink lebih elektropositif dari Ferum//Kedudukan
Zink lebih tinggi dari Ferum dalam siri elektrokimia

(c) Green to colourless


Hijau ke tanpa warna

(d) Allow ions moving through

Set II, natrium hidroksida tidak terion/tercerai

[1m]

Membenarkan ion-ion bergerak melaluinya

no free moving ions.

(e) Draw () from Zinc to Iron electrode


Lukis () dari elektrod Zink ke Ferum

tiada ion-ion bebas bergerak

(c) (i)

(f) Zinc/Zink:
Zinc donate electron to Iron.

Formula bahan tindak balas yang betul [1m]

Zin menderma elektron kepada Ferum

(g) Zn Zn2+ + 2e
0.056
(h) No of mol =
56
Bil. mol
0.056
6.02 1023
No of atoms =
56
Bil. Atom
6 (a) CnH2n + 2
n = 1, 2, 3,
(b) P: carbon-carbon double bond//

2. correct formula products


Formula hasil tindak balas yang betul
Persamaan kimia yang seimbang
Bil. mol NaOH

MV
0.1 25
=
= 0.0025 mol
1000
1000
From the equation,

ikatan ganda dua karbon-karbon

H2SO4 : KOH
1:2
0.00125 : 0.0025

H
H

Volume of sulphuric acid =


Isi padu asid sulfurik

[1m]
1000 0.00125
0.1

= 12.5 cm3
(iii) From pink to colourless

Dari merah jambu ke tanpa warna


[1m]
(iv) 25.0 cm3
[1m]
Nitric acid is a monoprotic acid//sulphuric
acid is a diprotic acid

[1m]

Asid nitrik adalah asid monoprotik//asid sulfurik


adalah asid dwiprotik

Concentration of hydrogen ion, H+ in nitric


acid is half than concentration of hydrogen
ion, H+ in sulphuric acid//vice versa

(d) (i) Butyl propanoate/Butil propanoat


(ii) Fruity smell
Berbau wangi buah-buahan

Kepekatan ion hydrogen, H+ dalam asid nitrik


adalah separuh dari kepekatan ion hidrogen, H+
[1m]
dalam asid sulfurik//atau sebaliknya

C4H8 + 6O2 4CO2 + 4H2O


11.2
= 0.2
(ii) mol P =
4(12) + 8(1)56
mol CO2 = 4 0.2 = 0.8
No of molecule CO2

(e) (i)

8 (a) Gas X: Oxygen


Gas X: Oksigen

Bil. molekul

[1m]

Solution Y: Lead(II)nitrate solution

= 0.8 6.2 1023 = 4.96 1023

Larutan Y: Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat

[1m]

Precipitate Z: Lead(II)carbonate

Section B
7 (a) Propanoic acid is a weak acid

Mendakan Z: Plumbum(II) karbonat

(b) Pb(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 PbCO3 + 2NaNO3


Formula of reactant and product correct

[1m]
ionises partially in water to produce low
concentration of H+ ion
Asid propanoik adalah asid lemah

[1m]
[1m]

Formula bahan dan hasil betul


Balanced/Seimbang

terion separa dalam air menghasilkan ion H+


[1m]
berkepekatan rendah

Precipitation reaction//double decomposition


Tindak balas pemendakan//penguraian ganda dua

Nitric acid is a strong acid


[1m]
ionises completely in water to produce high
concentration of H+ ion
Asid nitrik adalah asid kuat

(c) NO3
Put the solution Y into a test tube.
Masukkan larutan Y ke dalam tabung uji.

terion dalam air menghasilkan ion H+ berkepekatan


[1m]
tinggi

(b) (i)

[1m]

Dari persamaan,

kumpulan karboksil

H
H

[1m]

(ii) No. of mole of NaOH

S: carboxyl group//COOH
(c)

[1m]

3. balanced chemical equation

=
C

[1m]

H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O


1. correct formula of reactants

[1m]
[1m]
[1m]

Add dilute sulphuric acid.

Solvent X = water

Tambah asid sulfurik cair.

[1m]
Solvent Y = methanol//any suitable organic
solvent

Add iron(II) sulphate solution.

Pelarut X = air

Tambah larutan ferum(II) sulfat.

[1m]
[1m]

Add slowly/drops concentrated sulphuric acid.


Tambah perlahan-lahan/titiskan asid sulfurik pekat.

Pelarut Y = methanol//mana-mana pelarut organik


[1m]
yang sesuai

[1m]

14

(d)

Brown ring formed shows the presence of NO3


ion.

Tuang 2 cm3 larutan kalium bromide ke dalam


[1m]
tabung uji.

Cincin perang terbentuk menunjukkan kehadiran ion


NO3.
[1m]

2. Add 2 cm3 of chlorine water to the test tube and


shake the mixture.

Observation

Pb(NO3)2

Pemerhatian

Mendakan Z

Colour of
residue

Hot: Brown
Cold:Yellow

Hot: Brown
Cold:Yellow

Warna baki

Panas: Perang
Sejuk: Kuning

Panas: Perang
Sejuk: Kuning

Gas produced
Gas dihasilkan

Tambah 2 cm3 air klorin ke dalam tabung uji


[1m]
tersebut dan goncang.

Precipitate Z

3. Add 2 cm3 of 1,1,1 trichloroethane to the test tube


and shake the mixture.
Tambah 2 cm3 1,1,1 trikloroetana ke dalam tabung
[1m]
uji dan goncang.

4. Record the observation

[1m+1m]
Gas turns lime
water milky

Catat pemerhatian.

Brown gas/gas
rekindles
glowing wooden Gas
mengeruhkan air
splinter
Gas perang/gas
menyalakan kayu
uji berbara

5. Repeat steps 1 4 using another halogens and


halide solution.
Ulang langkah 1 4 menggunakan halogen dan
[1m]
larutan halida yang lain.
Observation/Pemerhatian:

kapur

[1m+1m]

Chlorine
water
Air klorin

(e) Relative formula mass Pb(NO3)2


Jisim formula relatif

= 207 + 2[14+3(16)] = 331


Number of moles of Pb/Bilangan mol Pb
(NO3)2 = 33.1/331//0.1 mol
0.1 mol Pb(NO3)2 0.05 mol gas X
Volume of gas X/Isi padu X = 0.05 24 = 1.2

[1m]

Potassium
chloride
Kalium
klorida

[1m]
[1m]
dm3
[1m]

Potassium
bromide
Kalium
bromida

Atom magnesium mengalami pengoksidaan kerana

[1m]
oxidation number increases from 0 to +2

Potassium
iodide
Kalium
iodida

[1m]

Copper(II) ion undergoes reduction because


Ion kuprum(II) mengalami penurunan kerana

[1m]

oxidation number decreases from +2 to 0.


nombor pengoksidaan berkurang dari +2 ke 0. [1m]
(b) Experiment I/Eksperimen I:
L can reduce copper(II) oxide//L can react with
copper(II) oxide.

L is more reactive than copper.


10 (a)

[1m]

Layer of 1,1,1
trichloroethane
is brown
Lapisan 1,1,1
triklorometana
berwarna
perang

No
changes
Tiada
perubahan

[1m]

Layer of 1,1,1
trichloroethane
is purple
Lapisan 1,1,1
triklorometana
berwarna
ungu

Layer of 1,1,1
trichloroethane
is purple
Lapisan 1,1,1
triklorometana
berwarna
ungu

Mass/g

60

13.33

Jisim

M boleh menurunkan kuprum(II) oksia//M bertindak


[1m]
balas dengan kuprum(II) oksida

Bil. mol atom

No. of mol atom

60/12
=5

M is more reactive than copper.


[1m]

Smallest mol ratio

O
26.67
[1m]

13.33/1 26.67/16
= 13.33 = 1.67
[1m]

1
[1m]

Nisbah mol
teringkas

M cannot reduce L oxide//M cannot react with L


oxide.

Empirical formula/Formula empirik = C3H8O [1m]


Molecular formula/Formula molekul = [C3H8O]n = 60
[3(12) + 8(1) + 16]n = 60
[1m]
n =1
= C3H8O
Name/Nama: propanol//propan-1-ol//propan-2-ol
[1m]
Structural formula/Formula struktur

M tidak boleh menurunkan oksida L//M tidak bertindak


[1m]
balas dengan oksida L

M is less reactive than L//L is more reactive than M.


[1m]
The arrangement in order of increasing reactivity
toward oxygen is Cu, M and L.

M kurang reaktif dari L//L lebih reaktif dari M

Susunan logam menaik terhadap oksigen Cu, M, L

[1m]
Maximum : 6 marks
Maksimum : 6 marks

(c) Procedure/Prosedur:
1. Pour 2 cm3 of potassium bromide solution into a
test tube.
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

[1m]
[1m]
[1m]
[1m]

Element/Unsur

M can reduce copper(II) oxide//M can react with


copper(II) oxide.

M lebih reaktif dari kuprum


Experiment III/Eksperimen III:

No
changes
Tiada
perubahan

Ionic equation/Persamaan ion:


Cl2 + 2Br 2Cl + Br2
Cl2 + 2I 2Cl + I2
Br2 + 2I 2Br + I2

L boleh menurunkan kuprum(II) oksida//L bertindak


[1m]
balas dengan kuprum(II) oksida
L lebih reaktif dari kuprum
Experiment II/Eksperimen II:

No changes
Tiada
perubahan

[1m]

Section C
9 (a) Magnesium atom undergoes oxidation because

nombor pengoksidaan bertambah dari 0 ke +2

Iodine
solution
Larutan
iodin

Bromine
water
Air bromin

OH

OH H

[1m]

15

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

(b)

Hexane, C6H14

Hexene, C6H12

Heksana, C6H14

Heksena, C6H12

Produce less soot

Produce more soot

Kurang berjelaga

Lebih berjelaga

(b) The further the distance between two metals in the


Electrochemical Series, the higher the voltage.
Lebih jauh jarak antara dua logam dalam siri
elektrokimia, lebih tinggi beza keupayaan.

(c) Manipulated variable:

[1m]

Pemboleh ubah manipulasi:

% C is lower %

% C is higher

Pairs of metal

C lebih rendah

Peratus C lebih tinggi

Pasangan logam

[1m]

Responding variable:

12 6
12 6
100
100
(12 6) + (1 14)
(12 6) + (1 12)
= 83.72%
= 85.71%
[1m]

Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas:

Potential difference of cell


Beza keupayaan sel

Constant variable:
Pemboleh ubah malar:

(c) Procedure/Prosedur:

Type of electrolyte, copper plate, concentration of


electrolyte
Jenis elektrolit, kepingan kuprum, kepekatan elektrolit

Vulcanised rubber
Getah tervulkan

(d) [1.1 + 0.45] = 1.55 V


(e) Al, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag
2 (a) Cathode
Hydrogen ion,
Katod
H+

Natural rubber
Getah asli

Weight
Pemberat

Weight
Pemberat

Anode

[1m + 1m]
1. Hang both vulvanised rubber strip and natural
ruber strip at the retort stand using clips.

Anod

Gantung kedua-dua jalur getah tervulkan dan getah


[1m]
asli menggunakan klip pada kaki retort.

2. Measure the initial length of both rubber strips


Ukur panjang asal kedua-dua jalur getah.
[1m]
3. Hang 10 g weight to the end of rubber strip.

Ion hidrogen H+

Ion hidrogen H+

Chloride ion,
hydroxide ion//
Cl, OH

Chloride ion,
hydroxide ion//
Cl, OH

Ion klorida, ion


hidroksida //Cl,
OH

Ion klorida, ion


hidroksida //Cl,
OH

(b) At electrode P: Colourless gas is evolved/released


Pada elektrod P: Gas tanpa warna dibebaskan

At electrode Q: Green gas is evolved/released

Gantung pemberat 10 gram pada hujung jalur getah.

Pada elektrod R: Gas berwarna hijau dibebaskan

[1m]

(c)

4. Remove the weight.


[1m]

Tanggalkan pemberat.

Hydrogen ion,
H+

Gas H2

Gas O2

5. Measure the length of both strips.


Ukur panjang kedua-dua jalur getah.
[1m]
6. Repeat steps 15 using different mass of weight

0.001 mol dm3 HCl

Ulang langkah 15 menggunakan jisim pemberat


[1m]
yang berbeza.
Result/Keputusan:

Vulcanised rubber
strip
Jalur getah tervulkan

The length of rubber


remain the same after the
weight is removed

(d) Experiment I:
Eksperimen I:

Panjang getah tidak


berubah selepas pemberat
[1m + 1m]
ditanggalkan

Natural rubber strip


Jalur getah asli

The length of rubber


become longer than its
initial length after the
weignt is removed

Electrode

Half ionic equation

Elektrod

Setengah persamaan ion

2H+ + 2e H2

2Cl Cl2 + 2e

Experiment II:
Eksperimen II:

Getah lebih panjang dari


panjang asal selepas
pemberat ditanggalkan

[1m + 1m]
KERTAS 3
1 (a)

Electrode

Half ionic equation

Elektrod

Setengah persamaan ion

2H+ + 2e H2

4OH 2H2O + O2 + 4e

(e) If the concentration of hydrochloric acid is high, the


product at anode is chlorine gas.

Jika kepekatan asid hidroklorik tinggi, hasil di anod


adalah gas klorin.
Cu

Zn

If the concentration of hydrochloric acid is low, the


product at anode is oxygen gas.
Jika kepekatan asid hidroklorik rendah, hasil di anod
adalah gas oksigen.

Sulphuric asid
Asid sulfurik

(f) Gas Q is an oxidizing agent.


Gas Q adalah agen pengoksidaan.

16

Gas Q oxidized iodide ion to iodin.

7. The experiment is repeated by


hydrochloric acid with ethanoic acid.

Gas Q mengoksidakan ion iodida kepada iodin.

3 (a) Problem statement.

replacing

Eksperimen diulang dengan menggantikan asid


hidroklorik dengan asid etanoik.
(f) Tabulation of data/Penjadualan data:

Pernyataan masalah.

Does heat of neutralization between hydrochloric


acid and sodium hydroxide is higher than heat of
neutralization between ethanoic acid and sodium
hydroxide?

Acid
Asid

Adakah haba peneutralan antara asid hidroklorik dan


natrium hidroksida lebih tinggi dari haba peneutralan
antara asid etanoik dan natrium hidroksida?

Hydrochloric
Ethanoic
acid
acid
Asid
hidroklorik

Asid etanoik

Initial temperature
of NaOH
solution/C

(b) Manipulated variable.


Pemboleh ubah manipulasi.

Suhu awal larutan


NaOH/C

Type of acids
Jenis asid

Responding variable:
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas:

Initial temperature
of acid/C

Heat of neutralisation

Suhu awal asid/C

Haba peneutralan

Initial temperature
of the mixture/C

Constant variable
Pemboleh ubah malar

Suhu awal
campuran/C

Volume and concentration of acid/Volume and


concentration of alkali//Type of container

Highest
temperature of the
mixtures/C

Isipadu dan kepekatan asid/Isi padu dan kepekatan


alkali//Jenis bekas

(c) Hypothesis:

Suhu tertinggi
camputran/C

Hipotesis:

Heat of neutralization between hydrochloric acid and


sodium hydroxide solution is higher than heat of
neutralization between ethanoic acid and sodium
hydroxide solution.

Temperature
changes/C
Perubahan suhu/C

Haba peneutralan antara asid hidroklorik dan larutan


natrium hidroksida lebih tinggi berbanding haba
peneutralan antara asid etanoik dan larutan natrium
hidroksida.
(d) Materials/Bahan-bahan:

KERTAS MODEL SPM 3


KERTAS 1
1 D Sodium and caesium are elements that are in the same
group.

Hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid [1.02.0] mol


dm3, sodium hydroxide solution [1.02.0] mol dm3

Natrium dan sesium adalah unsur-unsur yang berada


dalam kumpulan yang sama.

Asid hidroklorik dan asid etanoik [1.02.0] mol dm3,


larutan natrium hidroksida [1.02.0] mold m3
Apparatus/Alat radas:

2 C The arrangement of the electrons in an atom of


element Q is 2.8.7. The number of valens electrons in
an atom of Q is 7. The arrangement of the electrons
in an atom of element S is 2.8.1. The number of
valens electrons in an atom of S is 1.

Polystyrene cup, measuring cylinder, thermometer


Cawan polistirena, silinder penyukat, termometer
(e) Procedure/Prosedur:

1. (50 100) cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution (0.1


2.0) mol dm3 is measured and poured into a
polystyrene cup.

Susunan elektron untuk unsur Q adalah 2.8.7. Elektron


valens untuk unsur Q adalah 7. Susunan elektron untuk
unsur S adalah 2.8.1. Elektron valens untuk unsur S
adalah 1.

(50 100) cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida (0.12.0)


mol dm3 disukat dan dituang ke dalam cawan
polistirena.

3 C Carbon-14 can be used to study the age of ancient


artefacts.

2. The initial temperature of the solution is recorded.

Karbon-14 boleh digunakan untuk mengkaji usia artifak


purba.

Suhu awal larutan dicatatkan.


3

3. (5100) cm of hydrochloric acid (0.12.0) mol


dm3 is measured and poured into another
polystyrene cup.

4 A The pH value of carbon dioxide is less than 7 and


changes the colour of litmus paper from blue to red.
Nilai pH untuk karbon dioksida adalah kurang daripada
7 dan menukarkan kertas litmus biru kepada merah.

(50100) cm3 asid hidroklorik (0.12.0) mol dm3


diukur dan dituang ke dalam cawan polistirena yang
lain.

5 B x = 2, y = 5
6 B The arrangements of electrons in the atom of elements
P and Q are 2.8.1 and 2.8.6 respectively. The atoms
of element P donate 1 electron each and one atom of
element Q receives 2 electrons to achieve the octet.

4. The initial temperature of the acid is recorded.


Suhu awal larutan dicatatkan.

5. The hydrochloric acid is poured into the sodium


hydroxide solution.

Susunan elektron untuk unsur P dan Q adalah 2.8.1 dan


2.8.6. Unsur P menderma 1 elektron dan unsur Q
menerima 2 elektron untuk mencapai oktet.

Asid hidroklorik dituang ke dalam larutan natrim


hidroksida.

6. The mixture is stirred using thermometer and the


highest temperature is recorded.

7 C The bonding for the tetrachloromethane molecule is


covalent bonding.

Campuran larutan dikacau menggunakan termometer


dan suhu tertinggi dicatat.
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

Ikatan molekul tetraklorometana adalah ikatan kovalen.

17

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

1.

8 D The proton number of element R is 13. The nucleon


number is the total of the proton number and neutron
number.

Nombor proton untuk unsur R adalah 13. Nombor


nukleon adalah jumlah nombor proton dan nombor
neutron.

2.
H

9 C The electronegativity increases because of the


increasing number of electrons in the outer shell. The
properties change from metal to non-metal because
metals are in the left and non-metals are on the right.

3.

Keelektronegatifan bertambah kerana cas positif dalam


nukleus semakin bertambah. Sifat logam bertukar dari
logam ke bukan logam kerana logam berada di kiri
adalah lebih elektropositif dan bukan logam berada di
kanan kurang elektropositif.

4.
H

10 B Add a heated solution of potassium iodide and is a


method to test for Pb2+ ion. The yellow-coloured
precipitate is formed.

OH H

CH3 H

OH H

OH

OH

H CH3 H
19 D The heat of combustion of pentanol should be more
than 2 678 kJ mol1. This is because the heat of
combustion is directly proportional to the number of
carbon atoms in the compound.

Tambah larutan kalium iodida dan dipanaskan adalah


kaedah untuk menguji Pb2+. Mendakan berwarna kuning
akan dibentuk.

11 D The General Formula of a homologous series is


CnH2n+1COOH. When n = 2, the number is
C2H5COOH. When n = 1, the number is CH3COOH.

Haba pembakaran untuk pentanol lebih daripada


2 678 kJ mol1. Ini kerana haba pembakaran berkadar
langsung dengan bilangan karbon dalam sebatian.

Formula am dalam suatu siri homolog. CnH2n+1COOH.


Apabila n = 2, C2H5COOH dibentuk. Apabila n = 1,
CH3COOH dibentuk.

20 C The molecular formula for aluminum sulphate is


Al2(SO4)3.
The relative molecular mass compounds of aluminum
sulphate

12 D Brass has 70% copper and 30% zinc.


Loyang dibentuk dalam 70% kuprum dan 30% zink.

Formula molekul untuk aluminium sulfat ialah Al2(SO4)3.


Jisim molekul relatif sebatian aluminium sulfat

13 C The functional group for ethanoic acid is the carboxyl


group:

= 2(27) + 3(32) + 12(16)


= 342
21 C Bromine gas is made up of small and discrete particles.
The particles move randomly into the space between
the air particles.

Kumpulan berfungsi bagi asid etanoik adalah kumpulan


karboksil:

O
C

Gas bromin terdiri daripada zarah-zarah kecil dan


diskret. zarah-zarah ini bergerak secara rawak ke dalam
ruang antara zarah-zarah udara.

OH

14 A Sulphuric acid is used as an electrolyte because


sulphuric acid contains H+ and SO42 ions and can
carry electricity.

22 D Mass in grams of molecular oxygen


Jisim dalam gram bagi molekul oksigen

1.5 1024 32
= 79.7 g
6.023 1023
23 B Vulcanization is a chemical process of converting
rubber or a related polymer into materials which are
more durable through the addition of sulphur.

Asid sulfurik diguna sebagai elektrolit kerana asid


sulfurik mengandungi ions bebas H+ dan SO42 dan
boleh membawa arus elektrik.

15 A The manganate(VII) ion acts as an oxidation agent by


accepting electrons to undergo reduction.
Ion manganat(VII) bertindak sebagai agen pengoksidaan
kerana menerima elektron untuk menjalani proses
penurunan.

Pemvulkanan adalah satu proses kimia untuk menukar


getah atau polimer yang berkaitan ke dalam bahanbahan yang lebih tahan lasak melalui penambahan
sulfur.

MnO4 + 8H+ + 5e Mn2+ + 4H2O


16 D The arrangements of electrons in the atom of elements
P and S are 2.8.1 and 2.8.7 respectively. An atom of
elements P donates 1 electron and an atom of element
S receives 1 electron to achieve the octet. The formula
of the compound formed between P and S is PS with
an ionic bond.

24 A The overall average rate of reaction


Purata keseluruhan kadar tindak balas

45
2.5
= 18 cm3 min1
25 A This process is esterification. Sulphuric acid acts as a
catalyst.
=

Susunan elektron untuk unsur P dan S masing-masing


adalah 2.8.1 dan 2.8.7. Unsur P menderma 1 elektron
dan unsur S menerima 1 elektron untuk mencapai oktet.
Formula sebatian yang dibentuk antara P dan S adalah
PS dengan ikatan ion.

Proses ini ialah pengesteran. Asid sulfurik bertindak


sebagai mangkin.

26 A The correct molecular structure of detergent is A.


Struktur molekul detergen yang betul ialah pada A.

17 A X is the most reactive. This is because X removes


oxygen from carbon dioxide.

27 B The relative molecular mass for CH3CH2CH2COOH


is 88.

X adalah paling reaktif. Ini kerana X mengeluarkan


oksigen dari karbon dioksida.

Jisim molekul relatif untuk CH3CH2CH2COOH adalah


88.

18 B The following are the 4 isomers for butanol:

28 C Zinc oxide undergoes reduction and acts as the


oxidising agent.

Berikut adalah 4 isomer bagi butanol:

18

Zink oksida menjalani proses penurunan dan bertindak


sebagai agen pengoksidaan.

kerana menjalani proses pengoksidaan.

29 C In a redox reaction, the substance that causes oxidation


is called the oxidizing agent.

40 C Ascorbic acid is used as antioxidant. For example, in


a fruit juice. Ascorbic acid preserves the colour of the
fruit juice.

Dalam tindak balas redoks, bahan-bahan yang


menyebabkan pengoksidaan dipanggil sebagai agen
pengoksidaan.

Asid askorbik digunakan sebagai antioksida. Contohnya,


jus buah-buahan. Asid askorbik mengekalkan warna jus
buah-buahan.

30 B Moles of sodium

41 B Iron(II) oxide

Mol natrium

Ferum(II) oksida = FeO

= 2.3 = 0.1
23
Moles of sodium flouride

Silver carbonate
Argentum karbonat = Ag2CO3

Lead(II) oxide

Mol natrium fluorida

Plumbum(II) oksida = PbO

= 0.1
Mass of sodium flouride

42 C The surface of the iron becomes the cathode, i.e. the


electrode where reduction occurs. Oxygen accepts
electrons and reduced to hydroxide ions.

Jisim natrium fluorida

= 0.1 (23+19) = 4.20 g


31 C The equation for the reaction of sulphuric acid with
sodium hydroxide:

Permukaan ferum dijadikan katod, elektrod di mana


penurunan yang berlaku. Oksigen menerima elektron
dan diturunkan kepada ion-ion hidroksida.

Persamaan bagi tindak balas asid sulfurik dengan


natrium hidroksida:

43 D The chemical reaction is a polymerization.


Persamaan kimia itu ialah pempolimeran.

2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O


M = 0.6 mol dm3
32 A The number of atoms in the 32 g copper

44 D

Bilangan atom yang terdapat dalam 32 g kuprum

32
6.023 1023
64
= 3.01 1023
33 A Atom P contains 1 valence electron, atom P is in
Group 1. Atom P contains 3 orbital shells, atom P is
in period 3.

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Hidrogen

Oksigen

Colourless
gas

Colourless
gas

Carbon
dioxide

Atom P mengandungi 1 elektron valens, atom P dalam


kumpulan 1. Atom P mengandungi 3 orbit, atom P dalam
kala 3.

34 C Mole for zinc


Mol untuk zink

= 6.5
65
= 0.1
Heat released

Greenish
yellow gas

No effect on No effect on Change blue


litmus paper litmus paper to red litmus
Tidak
Tidak
paper

Change blue
to red litmus
paper

memberi
memberi
Tukar kertas
kesan ke atas kesan ke atas litmus biru
kertas litmus kertas litmus kepada
merah

Tukar kertas
litmus biru
kepada
merah

= 14.7 kJ
35 D Equation for the reaction between compound A with
oxygen.

Klorin

Gas yang
tak berwarna
Gas yang tak Gas yang tak Colourless
berwarna
berwarna
gas

45 D

Tenaga yang dibebas


= 0.1 147 kJ

Chlorine

Karbon
dioksida

OH H

CH3 H

Gas kuning
kehijauan

Functional group: Hydroxyl group

Persamaan bagi tindak balas sebatian A dengan oksigen.

Kumpulan berfungsi: Kumpulan hidroksil

C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O


1 mole of compound A produces 2 moles of carbon
dioxide.
So, 5 moles of compound A are needed to produce 10
moles of carbon dioxide.

Name long chains: but

1 mol sebatian A menghasilkan 2 mol karbon dioksida.


Jadi, 5 mol sebatian A yang diperlukan untuk
menghasilkan 10 mol karbon dioksida.

Kumpulan metil: berada di karbon 3

Nama rantai panjang: but

The hydroxyl group: is in carbon 2


Kumpulan hidroksil: berada di karbon 2

Group methyl: in carbon 3


Name for the molecule: 3-methylbutan-2-ol
Nama untuk molekul: 3-metilbutan-2-ol

46 A Room temperature is 25C. Substance X has melting


point and boiling point of in 112C and 20C. The
physical state at room temperature is gas because the
boiling point is lower than the room temperature.

36 B Equation in B is correct.
Persamaan di B adalah betul

37 C Calcium hydroxide is the strongest alkaline.


Kalsium hidroksida adalah alkali yang paling kuat.

Suhu bilik ialah 25C. Bahan X mempunyai takat lebur


dan didih pada 112C dan 20C. Keadaan fizik pada
suhu bilik ialah gas kerana takat didih lebih rendah
daripada suhu bilik.

38 A There is a gradual increase in the melting point as the


molecule becomes larger.
Peningkatan yang beransur-ansur dalam takat lebur
apabila molekul menjadi semakin besar.

47 D Copper(II) oxide contains copper ions and oxide ions.

39 B They have high melting points because they are


metals. They are reducing agents because they
undergo oxidation.

Kuprum(II) oksida mengandungi ion kuprum dan ion


oksigen.

48 C The general formula for propanol: CnH2n+1OH

Unsur dalam Kumpulan 2 mempunyai takat lebur yang


tinggi kerana bersifat logam. Agen penurunan yang baik
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

Formula am untuk propanol: CnH2n+1OH

19

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

component dissolves in water, but not in grease


or oil.

49 A The arrangement of electrons in an atom of the oxygen


element is 2.6. An atom of oxygen receives 2 electrons
to achieve the octet. The number of valence electrons
in an atom of elements X is 1.

Komponen hidrofobik larut dalam gris atau minyak


tetapi tidak di dalam air. Komponen hidrofilik
larut dalam air, tetapi tidak pada gris atau minyak.
(d) (i) 1. Whitening agent/ Agen pemutih
2. Suspension agent/Agen penggantungan
(ii) 1. Whitening agent/Agen pemutih

Susunan elektron untuk unsur oksigen ialah 2.6. Unsur


oksigen menerima 2 elektron untuk mencapai oktet.
Elektron valens untuk unsur X ialah 1.

50 B Salt and sodium nitrite are used in food as preservatives.


Aspartame is used in foods as a flavouring. Ascorbic
acid is used in foods as an antioxidant.

To convert stains into colourless substances


Untuk menukar kotoran kepada bahan yang
tidak berwarna

Garam dan natrium nitrit digunakan di dalam makanan


sebagai pengawet. Aspartam digunakan di dalam
makanan sebagai perisa. Asid askorbik digunakan di
dalam makanan sebagai antioksida.

2. Suspension agent. To prevent the dirt


particles removed from redepositing onto the
cleaned fabric.
Agen penggantungan untuk mengelakkan zarah
kotoran yang dikeluarkan daripada melekat
pada kain yang dibersihkan.

KERTAS 2
Section A
1 (a) (i) P
(ii) S
(iii) R
(b) S, T, U
(c) Q and U

3 (a) (i) 0.27 g


(ii) 0.16 g
(b) Element/Unsur

Mg

0.27

0.16

0.27
27
= 0.01

0.16
16
= 0.01

Mass/Jisim, g

Q dan U

Moles

(d) (i)

Mol

Ratio of mole

Nisbah paling ringkas

(c)
(d)
(e)
4 (a)

_
+

C5H10
CH2O
32
1. The types of rubber strip
Jenis jalur getah

2. The elasticity of the rubber strip

Keelastikan getah

3. The size of the rubber strip


Saiz jalur getah

(b) If the minimum weight required for the rubber strip


fail to return to its initial length is larger, then the
rubber strip is more elastic.

(ii) PU
(e) 4P + O2 2P2O
2 (a) Saponification/Saponifikasi
(b)
O
C

(CH2)14CH3

(c) (i)

O
HC

(CH2)14CH3

O
H2C

(CH2)14CH3

(c) (i)
O

CH3(CH2)nCH2
Hydrophobic
Hidrofobik

ONa+

Extension for unvulcanized rubber strip


Pemanjangan jalur getah tak tervulkan, mm

H2C

Jika berat minimum yang diperlukan untuk jalur getah


gagal untuk kembali kepada panjang asal adalah lebih
besar, maka jalur getah lebih elastik.

12
10
8
6
4
2
0

10

20

30

40

50

Weight, g
Pemberat

(ii) 6 mm
(d) 1. Vulcanized rubber is more resistant to oxidation
compared to unvulcanized rubber.

O
Hydrophilic
Hidrofilik

Getah tervulkan adalah lebih tahan pengoksidaan


berbanding getah tak tervulkan.

(ii) The anion of a detergent consists of two


components, which are hydrophilic and
hydrophobic components.

2.

Anion detergen terdiri daripada dua komponen,


iaitu komponen hidrofilik dan hidrofobik.

Vulcanized rubber is more elastic as the cross


linked chains can revert back to their original
positions.
Getah tervulkan adalah lebih kenyal di mana
rangkaian silang boleh kembali kepada kedudukan
asal mereka.

The hydrophobic component dissolves in grease


or oil but not in water. The hydrophilic

20

(ii) Iron(II) oxide has a Roman number because iron


has more than one oxidation number. This is to
differentiate it from other iron oxide which have
other oxidation numbers.

5 (a) A substance that ionizes in water to produce hydrogen


ions.
Bahan yang mengion dalam air untuk menghasilkan ion
hidrogen.

(b) P
(c) (i) P
(ii) Solution P has the highest concentration of
hydrogen ions.

Ferum(II) oksida mempunyai nombor Roman


kerana ia mempunyai lebih dari satu nombor
pengoksidaan. Ini adalah untuk membezakannya
dari oksida ferum lain yang mempunyai nombor
[1m]
pengoksidaan lain.

Larutan P mempunyai kepekatan ion hidrogen


yang lebih tinggi.

Aluminium does not have a Roman number


because it has only one oxidation number.

(d) (i) 6 cm3


(ii) H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2SO4(s) +
2H2O(l)

Aluminium tidak menggunakan nombor Roman


kerana ia mempunyai satu nombor pengoksidaan
[1m]
sahaja.

H2SO4(ak) + 2NaOH(ak) Na2SO4(p) +


2H2O(ce)

(b) (i)

(iii) Molarity of the sulphuric acid

Cu2+ Cu is from +2 ke 0

Kemolaran asid sulfurik

= 6 1.0
1 000
= 0.006 mole/mol
Number of moles of the sodium hydroxide

[1m]

Zn Zn2+ ialah dari 0 to + 2

[1m]

Cu2+ Cu berlaku penurunan

[1m]

(ii) Cu2+ Cu reduction occurs


Zn Zn2 oxidation occurs

= 0.0006 2
= 0.0012 mole/mol
Molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution

Zn Zn2+ berlaku pengoksidaan

[1m]
(iii) Cu2+ is the oxidizing agent and Zn is the
reducing agent.

Kemolaran larutan natrium hidroksida

Cu2+ adalah agen pengoksidaan dan Zn adalah


agen penurunan.
[2m]

= 0.0012 1 000
20
= 0.06 mol dm3
(e) 0.2 mol dm3
6 (a) Heat of neutralization is the heat energy produced
when 1 mole of OH ions combine with one mole of
H+ ions to form one mole of H2O.

(iv) Cu2+(aq) + 2e Cu(s)


Cu2+(ak) + 2e Cu(p)

[2m]

Zn(p) Zn2+(ak) + 2e

[2m]

Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e

(c) (i)

The iron nail with silver


Paku besi dengan argentum

Haba peneutralan ialah tenaga haba yang dihasilkan


apabila 1 mol ion OH berpadu dengan 1 mol ion H+
untuk membentuk satu mol H2O.

(ii) Silver is less electropositive than iron. Thus,


rusting of iron occurs.
Argentum kurang elektropositif daripada besi.
[2m]
Oleh itu, pengaratan besi berlaku.

(b) Exothermic.
Eksotermik.

If the difference in electropositivity is greater,


the rate of rusting will be faster and the intensity
of blue colouration wil be higher.

H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2SO4(aq) +


2H2O(l)
Number of moles of H2SO4 used = 0.1 mol

Jika perbezaan dalam electropositiviti, lebih


tinggi, maka kadar pengaratan akan menjadi lebih
cepat dan keamatan warna biru akan meningkat.

Bilangan mol H2SO4 yang digunakan = 0.1 mol

1 mole H2SO4 releases 114 kJ. Therefore,


0.1 mol of H2SO4 will release 0.1 114 kJ =
11.4 kJ.

[2m]

1 mol H2SO4 membebaskan 114 kJ. Jadi, 0.1 mol


H2SO4 akan membebaskan 0.1 114 kJ = 11.4 kJ.
H2SO4(ak) + 2NaOH(ak) Na2SO4(ak) +
2H2O(ce)

8 (a) (i)

The electronic arrangement of atom P is 2.4 and


Q is 2.7.
Susunan elektron untuk atom P adalah 2.4 dan Q
adalah 2.7.
[1m]

(ii) 100 4.2 T = 11 400 J


T = 27.14C
(d)

Cu2+ Cu ialah dari +2 to 0

Zn Zn2+ is from 0 ke +2

Bilangan mol natrium hidroksida

(c) (i)

Change in the oxidation number


Perubahan nombor pengoksidaan

(ii) Atom P has 2 shells of electron and 4 valence


electrons.

Energy
Tenaga

Atom P mempunyai 2 petala elektron dan 4


elektron valens.
[2m]

Therefore it should be placed in Period 2 and


Group 14 of the Periodic Table.

H2SO4 + 2NaOH

Jadi, ia seharusnya diletakkan dalam Kala 2


dengan Kumpulan 14 dalam Jadual Berkala
[2m]
Unsur.

6H = 11.4 kJ mol1

Atom Q has 2 shells of electron and 7 valence


electrons.

Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Atom Q mempunyai 2 petala elektron dan 7


elektron valens.
[2m]

(e) 68.8 kJ
Section B
7 (a) (i) Assume Fe as x:

Therefore it should be placed in Period 2 and


Group 17 of the Periodic Table.

Assume Al as x:

Anggap Fe sebagai x:

Anggap Al sebagai x:

2x + 3(2) = 0
x = +3

2x + 3 (2) = 0
x = +3

Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

Jadi, ia seharusnya diletakkan dalam Kala 2


dengan Kumpulan 17 dalam Jadual Berkala
[2m]
Unsur.

[2m]

21

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

(b) (i)

The atomic radius increases because the number


of shells of electrons increases.

Procedure/Prosedur:

[5m]

Jejari atom bertambah kerana bilangan petala


atom semakin bertambah.
[2m]

(ii) The melting point and boiling point increase.


The forces of attraction between the particles
increase. More heat is needed to overcome the
forces of attraction between the particles.

Sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik

Takat lebur dan takat didih bertambah. Daya


tarikan antara zarah bertambah. Lebih banyak
tenaga haba diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya
tarikan antara zarah.
[2m]

(iii) The density increases. The mass of the atom


increases more than the increase in the atomic
radius.

Ammonia solution
Larutan ammonia
+
Methyl orange indicator
Penunjuk metil jingga

Ketumpatan bertambah. Jisim atom bertambah


lebih cepat daripada pertambahan jejari atom.

1. The apparatus is set up as shown above.

[2m]
(iv) The electronegativity decreases. The ability
to receive electrons decrease down the group.

Sediakan radas seperti ditunjukkan di atas.

2. Ammonia solution is transferred by a pipette to a


clean conical flask.

Keelektronegatifan berkurang. Kebolehan untuk


menerima elektron berkurang apabila menuruni
kumpulan.
[2m]

Larutan ammonia dipindahkan oleh pipet kepada


satu kelalang kon bersih.

3. Three drops of methyl orange indicator are added


to the ammonia solution.

(v) The forces of attraction between the particles


increase.
Daya tarikan antara zarah bertambah.

Tiga titik penunjuk metil jingga ditambah kepada


larutan ammonia.

[2m]

(c) SQ

4. A burette is filled with sulphuric acid.


Buret diisikan dengan asid sulfurik.

5. The sulphuric acid is added slowly into the


conical flask.

Section C
9 (a) (i) 1. As a fertilizer
Sebagai baja

[1m]

Asid sulfurik ditambah perlahan-lahan ke dalam


kelalang kon.

[1m]

6. The addition of the sulphuric acid is stopped


when the colour of the indicator changes from
yellow to orange.

2. As a cleaning agent
Sebagai agen pembersihan

3. For preventing coagulation of latex


Elakkan pembekuan lateks

[1m]

Penambahan asid sulfurik dihentikan apabila


penunjuk berubah daripada kuning ke jingga.

[1m]

7. The mixture in the conical flask is transferred to


an evaporating dish and heated until a saturated
solution is formed.

(ii) The Haber process


Proses Haber

(iii) Pressure of 200 atm


Tekanan pada 200 atm

[2m]

Temperature of 450C
Suhu pada 450C

Campuran di dalam kelalang kon dipindahkan ke


piring penyejatan dan dipanaskan sehingga larutan
tepu terbentuk.

[2m]

Iron acts as a catalyst


Ferum bertindak sebagai mangkin.

[2m]

8. The hot solution is left to cool until crystallization


occurs.

[1m]

Larutan panas dibiarkan untuk menyejuk sehingga


penghabluran berlaku.

(b) Aim:
Tujuan:

To prepare ammonium sulphate


Untuk menyediakan ammonium sulfat

Apparatus:

9. The crystals of ammonium sulphate formed are


filtered.

[1m]
25.0 cm3 pipette, burette, conical flask, retort stand,
beaker, glass rod, filter funnel, Bunsen burner, tripod
stand, wire gauze.

Precaution steps:

Radas:

Habur ammonium sulfat yang terbentuk dituras.

[3m]
1. The titration process should be repeated few times
to get an accurate result.

Langkah berjaga-jaga

25.0 cm3 pipet, buret, kelalang kon, kaki retort, bikar,


rod kaca, corong turas, pembakar Bunsen, kaki tripod,
kasa dawai.

Titratan hendaklah diulangi untuk beberapa kali


untuk mendapatkan bacaan yang tepat.

Materials:

2. The ammonium sulphate should not be heated


until dryness because ammonium sulphate
decomposes when it is overheated.

[3m]
Sulphuric acid, ammonia solution, methyl orange,
filter paper

Bahan-bahan:

Ammonium sulfat tidak harus dipanaskan sehingga


kering kerana ammonium sulfat mengurai apabila ia
terlalu panas.

Asid sulfurik, larutan ammonia, metil jingga, kertas


turas

22

anod manakala sudu besi digantung di bahagian


anod.

3. During the titration, the conical flask should be


swirled gently to make sure neutralization occurs
completely.

2. Silver nitrate solution is used as the electrolyte


solution.

Semasa titratan, kelalang kon digoncang perlahanlahan untuk memastikan peneutralan berlaku
sepenuhnya.

Larutan argentum sulfat digunakan sebagai


larutan elektrolit.

3. The switch is turned on and a current is


passed through for 30 minutes.

Conclusion:
Kesimpulan:

Suis dihidupkan dan arus dialirkan selama 30


minit.

Ammonium sulphate can be prepared by neutralizing


sulphuric acid with ammonia solution.

4. The changes that occur are recorded.

Ammonium sulfat dapat disediakan dengan


meneutralkan asid sulfurik dengan larutan ammonia
[1m]

10 (a) (i)

Perubahan yang berlaku adalah direkodkan.

[4m]
(v) Tabulation data:

Gas bubbles are released. A colourless gas


which relights a glowing wooden splinter is
produced.

Penjadualan data:

Gelembung gas dibebaskan. Gas tidak berwarna


yang menyalakan kayu uji berbara terhasil.

[2m]
(ii) OH
[1m]
(iii) 4OH O2 + 2H2O + 4e
[2m]
(b) (i) A greenish yellow gas with a pungent and
choking smell is released.

The silver plate dissolves.

Anod

Kepingan argentum terlarut.

Cathode

A thin layer of shiny grey


silver is deposited.

Katod

Satu lapisan nipis pepejal kelabu


argentum terenap.

[2m]

Gas kuning kehijauan dengan bau yang tajam


[2m]
dibebaskan.

(ii) Cl
(iii) 2Cl Cl2 + 2e
(c) (i) Tujuan:

Anode

KERTAS 3
1 (a)

[1m]
[2m]

Graphite electrode A
Elektrod grafit A

Aim:

To study the electroplating of metal by


electrolysis.

Iron(II)
sulphate
solution, FeSO4
Larutan
ferum(II)
sulfat, FeSO4

Mengkaji penyaduran logam secara elektrokimia.

[1m]
(ii) Variables:
Pemboleh ubah-pemboleh ubah:

Graphite electrode B
Elektrod grafit B
Acidified pottasium
manganate(VII),
KMnO4
Larutan kalium
manganat(VII)
berasid, KMnO4

Manipulated
variable
Pemboleh ubah
dimanipulasi

Metal plate and iron


spoon

Responding
variable

Electroplating of iron
spoon

(ii) Manganate(VII) ions that give the solution its


purple colour are used up in the reaction.

Pemboleh ubah
bergerak balas

Penyaduran sudu besi

Ion manganat(VII) yang memberi warna ungu dan


habis digunakan dalam tindak balas.

Constant variable

Concentration of
silver nitrate solution

Pemboleh ubah
dimalarkan

Dilute sulphuric acid, H2SO4


Asid sulfurik cair, H2SO4

Kepingan logam dan


sudu besi

(b) (i)

(c) (i)

Graphite electrode A
Elektrod grafit A

(ii) Graphite electrode B

Kepekatan larutan
argentum sulfat

Elektrod grafit B

(d) (i)

[2m]

Manganate(VII) ions
Ion manganat(VII)

(iii) Apparatus:

(ii) Iron(II) ions

Radas:

Ion Ferum(II)

Electrolytic cell, battery, retorts stand, metre


rule, ammeter, rheostat, switch, connecting
wires, crocodile clips, retort stand.

(e) (i) MnO4 + 8H + 5e Mn2+ + 4H2O


(ii) Fe2+ Fe3+ + e
2 (a) (i) The type of solvent

Sel elektrolisis, bateri, ammeter, reostat, suis,


dawai penyambung, klip buaya, kaki retord.

Jenis pelarut

(ii) The change in the colour of the blue litmus


paper

Materials:
Bahan-bahan:

Pertukaran warna kertas litmus biru

Silver nitrate solution, pure silver plate, iron


spoon

(iii) Type of acid


Jenis asid

Larutan argentum sulfat, kepingan argentum tulen,


[1m]
sudu besi.

(b) The presence of water enables the ethanoic acid


molecule to ionize to produce hydrogen ions.
The hydrogen ion turns blue litmus paper red.

(iv) Procedure:
Prosedur:

Kehadiran air menolong molekul asid etanoik terion


untuk menghasil ion hidrogen.
Ion hidrogen menukarkan kertas litmus biru kepada
merah.

1. A silver plate is suspended as the anode while


an iron spoon is suspended as the cathode.
Kepingan argentum digantung di bahagian
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

Iron(III) ions are present.


Ion ferum(III) hadir.

23

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

(c) Strong acids:

2. The copper can is placed on a tripod stand.

Asid kuat:

Tin kuprum diletakkan di atas kaki tripod.

Nitric acid

3. The initial temperature of the water is measured


and recorded.

Asid nitrik

Sulphuric acid

Suhu awal air diukur dan dicatatkan.

Asid sulfurik

4. A windshield is placed as shown in the above


diagram.

Weak acids:
Asid lemah:

Penghadang angin diletakkan


ditunjukkan dalam rajah di atas.

Phosphoric acid

seperti

yang

5. 50 cm3 of methanol are poured into a spirit lamp


and the mass of the lamp and its contents is
recorded.

Asid fosforik

3 (a) Aim/Tujuan:
To determine the heat of combustion of alcohols.

50 cm3 metanol dituang ke dalam lampu pelita dan


jisim lampu dan kandungannya direkodkan.

Untuk menentukan haba pembakaran alkohol.

(b) Problem statement/Pernyataan masalah:


Does an alcohol with a larger number of carbon
atoms per molecule have a higher heat of combustion?

6. The lamp is put under the copper can as shown


in the above diagram and the wick of the lamp
is lighted immediately.

Adakah alkohol dengan bilangan atom karbon


per molekul yang lebih tinggi mempunyai haba
pembakaran yang lebih tinggi?
(c) Statement of the hypothesis/Pernyataan hipotesis:

Lampu diletakkan di bawah tin kuprum seperti


yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di atas dan sumbu
lampu dinyalakan dengan cepat.

The larger the number of carbon atoms per molecule


is, the higher the heat of combustion will be.

7. The water is stirred throughout the experiment.

Semakin tinggi bilangan atom karbon per molekul,


semakin tinggi haba pembakaran.

8. When the temperature of the water increases


by 30C, the flame is put off and the highest
temperature reached by the water is recorded.

Air dikacau sepanjang eksperimen.

(d) Variables:
Pemboleh ubah-pemboleh ubah:

Manipulated variable

The type of alcohol

Pemboleh ubah
dimanipulasi

Jenis alkohol

Responding variable

The heat of combustion

Pemboleh ubah
bergerak balas

Haba pembakaran

Constant variable

The volume of water

Pemboleh ubah
dimalarkan

Isi padu air

Apabila suhu air meningkat sebanyak 30C,


nyalaan dipadamkan dan suhu tertinggi yang
dicapai oleh air direkodkan.

9. The mass of the lamp and its contents is weighed


immediatly and recorded.
Jisim lampu dan kandungannya ditimbang dengan
cepat dan direkodkan.

10. Steps 19 are repeated by using ethanol,


propanol and buthanol.
Langkah-langkah
19
diulang
dengan
menggunakan etanol, propanol dan butanol.

(g) Tabulation of data:

(e) Radas:

Penjadualan data:

Apparatus:

Copper tin, tripod stand, thermometer, measuring


cylinder, spirit lamps, electronic balance, windshield,
wooden block.

Alcohol

Heat of combustion, kJ

Alkohol

Haba pembakaran, kJ

Methanol/Metanol

Kuprum, kaki tripod, termometer, silinder penyukat,


pelita, penimbang elektronik, penghadang angin, blok
kayu.

Materials:
Bahan-bahan:

728

Ethanol/Etanol

1 376

Propanol/Propanol

2 016

Butanol/Butanol

2 678

Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol


Metanol, etanol, propanol, butanol

KERTAS MODEL SPM 4


KERTAS 1

(f) Procedure:
Prosedur:

1 C A compound is substance made from two or more


different elements which are bonded together. 2 atoms
of hydrogen combine with 1 atom of oxygen to form
water.

Thermometer
Termometer
Windshield
Penghadang angin

Copper tin
Tin kuprum

Sebatian adalah bahan yang terdiri daripada dua atau


lebih unsur berbeza yang terikat secara kimia. 2 atom
hidrogen bergabung dengan 1 atom oksigen untuk
membentuk air.

Spirit lamp
Lampu spirit
Methanol
Metanol

200 cm of water
200 cm3 air

2 C When heat energy is absorbed by the matter (it is


heated), the kinetic energy of the particles increases
and they vibrate faster in the melting and evaporation
process.

Tripod stand
Kaki tiga
Wooden block
Blok kayu

Apabila tenaga haba diserap oleh jirim (semasa


dipanaskan), tenaga kinetik zarah bertambah dan zarah
tersebut bergerak dengan lebih cepat dalam proses
pencairan dan penyejatan.

1. 200 cm3 of water are measured by using a


measuring cylinder and poured into a copper
can.
200 cm3 air diukur menggunakan silinder penyukat
dan dituang ke dalam tin kuprum.

3 A Isotopes are atoms of the same element with same


number of protons but different number of neutrons.

24

Isotop ialah atom-atom unsur yang mempunyai


bilangan proton yang sama tetapi bilangan neutron yang
berbeza.

Nucleon number = nucleon number proton number


Nombor neutron = nombor nukleon nombor proton

= 27 13 = 14
11 A Ionic compounds, calcium oxide have material
properties as follows:

4 C Number of mol,
Bilangan mol,

Mass/Jisim
Malar mass/Jisim molar
56 g
=
30 g mol1
= 1.87 mol
7
C2H6 + O2 2 CO2 + 3H2O
2
1 mol C2H6: 2 mol CO2
1.87 mol C2H6: 3.74 mol CO2
Volume of gas = number of mol molar volume of
gas in STP

Sebatian ionik kalsium oksida mempunyai sifat-sifat


bahan seperti berikut:

n=

Has strong electrostatic force


Mempunyai daya elektrostatik yang kuat

Has high melting and boiling points


Mempunyai takat lebur dan takat didih yang tinggi

Soluble in water
Larut dalam air

12 D Transition metals have show metal properties: Shiny,


conducts heat and electricity, malleable, high tensile
strength, high melting point and density.

Isi padu gas = bilangan mol isi padu molar gas pada
STP
= 3.74 mol 22.4 dm3

Logam peralihan mempunyai sifat logam: Permukaan


berkilat, konduktor haba dan elektrik, bersifat mulur,
boleh ditempa, kekuatan tegangan yang tinggi, takat
lebur dan ketumpatan tinggi.

= 83.8 dm3
5 D The proton number of P is 15.
Electron arrangement of P is 2.8.5

13 C The voltage of chemical cell depends on the distance


between the two metals in the electrochemical series,
where the further the distance between them, the
higher is the voltage. Magnesium has a greater
distance from the copper in the electrochemical series,
so the higher the voltmeter reading.

Nombor proton P adalah 15.


Susunan elektron P ialah 2.8.5

6 D Molar mass of ethanol


Jisim molar etanol

Voltan sel kimia bergantung pada jarak antara dua


logam dalam siri elektrokimia di mana semakin jauh dua
logam dalam siri elektrokimia, semakin tinggi voltannya.
Magnesium mempunyai jarak yang jauh daripada
kuprum dalam siri elektrokimia, semakin tinggi bacaan
voltmeter.

= 2(12) + 5(1) + 16 + 1
= 46 g mol1
Number of particles
No. of mol =
Avogadro Constant
Bilangan mol =

Bilangan zarah
Pemalar Avogadro

14 C

1 1023
6.02 1023
= 0.166 mol
Mass = number of mol molar mass

P 4

Q2

2 = P 4 4 = Q2
P2 Q4
PQ2

Jisim = bilangan mol jisim molar

= 0.166 mol 46 g mol1


= 7.64 g
7 A Relative atomic mass of an element (RAM)

15 A Cu2+ and H+ ion attracted to cathode. Cu2+ ion selected


to be discharge to produce copper metal.

Jisim atom relatif suatu unsur (JAR)

Cu2+ dan H+ ion tertarik kepada katod. Cu2 ion dipilih


untuk dinyahcas menghasilkan logam kuprum.

The average mass on one atom of the element


Jisim purata satu atom unsur

Cu2+(aq) + 2e Cu(s)
16 B Nucleon number X = nucleon number proton number

1
The mass of an atom of carbon-12
12
Jisim satu atom karbon-12

Nombor neutron X = nombor nukleon nombor proton

8 D K2Cr2O7 = 0
2(+1) + 2x + 7(2) = 0
x = +6
9 B 1. The atomic size increases going down the Group
17 because of increasing in number of shell, the
size molecules get larger.

= 35 17 = 18
Nucleon number Y = nucleon number proton number
Nombor neutron Y = nombor nukleon nombor proton

= 23 11 = 12
17 C Number of mol
Bilangan mol

Mass/Jisim
Molar mass/Jisim molar
40 g
=
40 g mol1
= 1 mol
MV
n=
1 000
M(400)
1=
1 000
M = 2.5 mol dm3
1.12
= 0.02 mol
18 C n =
56
Ratio/Purata:
2 mol KOH : 1 mol H2SO4

Saiz atom bertambah menuruni Kumpulan 17 kerana


dengan pertambahan bilangan petala, saiz molekul
semakin besar.

2. The intermolecular forces of attraction (Van der


Waals forces) between molecules become stronger.
More heat is needed to overcome the stronger
forces between molecules during melting or
boiling.
Daya tarikan antara molekul (daya Van der Waals)
antara molekul semakin kuat. Lebih banyak tenaga
diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya antara molekul
yang lebih kuat semasa peleburan atau pendidihan.

10 D Proton number of R is 13.


Bilangan proton R ialah 13.
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

25

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

0.02 mol KOH :

26 D

= 0.01 mol H2SO4

MV
n=
1 000
(0.4)V
0.01 =
1 000
V = 25 cm3
19 D SO42 and OH ion attracted to anode. OH ion
selected to be discharge to produce oxygen gas.
Observation: bubbles of a colourless gas are released
2

V2O5, 450C

2SO2 + O2

2SO3

1 atm

27 B

H
H

C
C

C
C

C
H

SO4 dan OH ion tertarik kepada anod. OH ion dipilih


untuk dinyahcaskan menghasilkan gas oksigen.
Pemerhatian: Buih gas yang tidak berwarna dibebaskan.

28 A

P 4

H
O
C
O
H

Q2

MV
20 B n =
1 000
=

2 P 4
P
2.4

1.0(200)
= 0.2 mol
1 000

Ratio/Purata:
1 mol MgCl2 : 1 mol H2SO4
0.2 mol MgCl2 : 0.2 mol H2SO4

Q2
Q
2.6

29 C Number of mol of HCl in set I,


Bilangan mol HCl dalam set I,

MV
n=
1 000

MV
1 000
0.5(100)
n=
1 000
M = 0.05 mol
Number of mol of HCl in set II,
n=

(0.5)V
0.2 =
1 000
V = 400 cm3
21 A A strong acid is an acid that ionises completely in
water to produce high concentration of hydrogen ion,
H+.

Bilangan mol HCl dalam set II


MV
n =
1 000

Asid kuat ialah asid yang mengion sepenuhnya dalam air


menghasilkan kepekatan ion hidrogen, H+ yang tinggi.
22 A Nitrate ion test/Ujian ion nitrat:

0.1(50)
1 000
M = 0.005 mol
Initial rate of reaction in set I is higher than set II because
the concentration of HCl in set I is higher than set II, the
gradient of the curve for set I is greater than set II.
n=

2 cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid is added to 2 cm3


solution of nitrate ions followed by 2 cm3 of iron(II)
sulphate solution.
2 cm3 larutan ion nitrat ditambah kepada 2 cm3 asid
sulfurik cair diikuti dengan 2 cm3 larutan ferum(II)
sulfat.

Kadar tindak balas asal bagi set I lebih tinggi berbanding


set II kerana kepekatan HCl dalam set I lebih tinggi
berbanding set II, kecerunan graf bagi set I lebih tinggi
berbanding set II.

The mixture is shaken.


Campuran digoncang.

The test tube is slanted and held with a test tube


holder.

13
O 4CO2 + 5H2O
2 2
31 B Isomerism in alkene starts from butene. Butene has 3
isomers while pentene has 5 isomers.

30 A C4H10 +

Tabung uji dicondongkan dan diapit dengan pemegang


tabung uji.

A few drops of concentrated H2SO4 acid are


dropped along the wall of the test tube and is held
upright.

Keisomeran dalam alkana bermula daripada butena.


Butena mempunyai 3 isomer manakala pentena
mempunyai 5 isomer.

Beberapa titis H2SO4 pekat dititiskan melalui dinding


tabung uji dan ditegakkan.

32 D Carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol to produce ester


and water with the presence of concentrated sulphuric
acid as a catalyst (esterification reaction).

23 A The function of porous pot or salt bridge is to allow


the flow of ions through it so that the electric circuit
is completed.

Asid karboksilik bertindak balas dengan alkohol untuk


menghasilkan ester dan air dengan kehadiran asid
sulfurik pekat sebagai mangkin (tindak balas
pengesteran).

Fungsi pasu berliang atau titian garam adalah untuk


membenarkan ion-ion mengalir melaluinya dan
melengkapkan litar.

33 C Positively charged hydrogen ions from the acid


neutralised the negative charges on the surface of the
protein membrane. A neutral rubber particle is formed.

24 A Potassium is the most reactive metal reacts with water


to produce alkaline solution, potassium hydroxide.
Kalium adalah logam yang paling reaktif bertindak balas
dengan air membentuk larutan beralkali, kalium
hidroksida.

Ion hidrogen bercas positif daripada asid meneutralkan


cas-cas negatif pada permukaan membran protein.
Zarah getah yang neutral terbentuk.

25 B Average rate of reaction

34 B Hydrogenation is used to prepare an alkane (saturated


compound) from an alkene (unsaturated compound)
in industry.

Purata kadar tindak balas

Volume of gas/Isi padu gas


Time taken/Masa
120 cm3
= 0.5 cm3s1
=
4 60 s
=

Penghidrogenan digunakan untuk menyediakan alkana


(sebatian tepu) daripada alkena (sebatian tak tepu)
dalam industri.

26

35 B

Etena Polietena

H
H
H

C
C

H
H

Polymerisation of ethene
Pempolimeran etena

H
H
H

C1

C2

C3

C4

C5

C6

43 D Electroplating process is a process where metallic


object is coated with a thin and even layer of another
metal.
Proses penyaduran ialah proses di mana objek logam
disadur dengan lapisan nipis dan sekata oleh logam lain.
44 D
H = mc
4200 = 100 4.2
= 10C

3-ethylhex-2-ene
3-etilheks-2-ena

Final temperature of mixture,

36 A Copper(II) oxide, CuO loses oxygen and undergoes


reduction. C gains oxygen and undergoes oxidation.

Suhu akhir campuran,

= (27 + 10)C = 37C


45 B Ratio RAM /Nisbah JAR
X:Y
32 : 16
2:1
The mass of 1 mol of X is twice the mass of 1 mol of
Y

Kuprum(II) oksida, CuO kehilangan oksigen dan ia


mengalami penurunan. C menerima oksigen dan
mengalami pengoksidaan.
37 A H = mC
= 200 4.2 (33.0 28.5)

= 3 780 J
MV
n=
1 000
1(100)
=
1 000
= 0.1 mol

Jisim 1 mol X adalah dua kali jisim mol Y

46 D Aloe vera/Lidah buaya


Its juice is used to treat skin wounds and burns.
Jusnya boleh digunakan untuk merawat luka dan kesan
terbakar.

H
No of mol/Bil. mol
3780
=
0.1
= 37.8 kJ mol1
Heat of neutralization, = 37.8 kJ mol1

47 D Soaps are not effective in hard water such as sea


water.

H =

Sabun tidak berkesan dalam air liat seperti air laut.

48 C Observation:
Pemerhatian:

A brown precipitate is formed in excess ammonia


solution.

Haba peneutralan

Mendakan perang diperolehi dalam larutan ammonia


berlebihan.

Mass/Jisim
Molar mass/Jisim molar
23
=
46
= 0.5 mol
H
n=
H
H = H n
H = 1 376 000 J 0.5 mol
H = 688 000 J
= 688 kJ
39 C Carboxylic acid + metal carbonate carboxylate salt
+ water + carbon dioxide

38 C n

Inference:
Inferens:

Ion Fe3+ is present.


Ion Fe3+ hadir.

Observation:
Pemerhatian:

Effervescence occurs and lime water turns chalky.


Pembuakan berlaku dan air kapur menjadi keruh.

Inference:
Inferens:

The gas is carbon dioxide. Carbonate ion is present.


Gas tersebut ialah karbon dioksida. Ion karbonat hadir.

Asid karboksilik + logam karbonat garam karboksilat


+ air + karbon dioksida

49 A Cobalt ion, Co2+ has pink colour.


Ion kobalt, Co2+ berwarna merah jambu.

40 D The structural formula shown is a paracetamol. It


relieves pain and reduces fever.

50 B Observation:
Pemerhatian:

Formula struktur yang ditunjukkan ialah parasetamol. Ia


meredakan sakit dan mengurangkan demam.

41 B
C2H4 + H2O

H3PO4
300C/60 atm

A white precipitate is formed in excess ammonia and


sodium hydroxide solution.
Mendakan putih diperolehi dalam ammonia berlebihan
dan larutan natrium hidroksida.

C2H6OH

Inference:
Inferen:

Alkene is reacted with steam (H2O) at 300C and 60


atm pressure in the presence of phosphoric acid as a
catalyst.

Ion NH4+ is present.


Ion NH4+ hadir.

Observation:

Alkena ditindak balaskan dengan stim (H2O) pada 300C


dan tekanan 60 atm dalam kehadiran asid fosforik
sebagai mangkin.

Pemerhatian:

A white precipitate is formed in silver nitrate solution.

42 C Ethanol Ethene

Mendakan putih diperolehi dalam larutan argentum


nitrat.

Etanol Etena

Dehydration of Ethanol

Inference:

Pendehidratan etanol

Inferens:

Ion Cl is present

Ethene Polyethene
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

Ion Cl hadir

27

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

KERTAS 2
Section A
1 (a) P: 2.4
(b) (i)

(b)

Element

0.5667

0.1415

0.3794

0.5667
12

0.1415
1

0.3794
16

= 0.0472

= 0.1415

= 0.0237

Unsur

S:2.8.8.2

Mass, g
2+

Jisim
2

Moles

Mol

Ratio of
mole

(ii) SQ
(iii) 1. High melting point and boiling point.

Nisbah
mol

Takat lebur dan takat didih yang tinggi.

2. Can conduct electricity in the molten state.


Boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik di dalam
keadaan lebur.

(c) C2H6O
(d) 1. Heating, cooling, and weighing are repeated until
a constant mass is obtained.

(c) (i)
Q

Pemanasan, penyejukan dan penimbangan diulang


sehingga jisim yang malar diperoleh.

2. The lid is removed at intervals to allow oxygen to


enter the crucible.
Penutup dibuka sekali sekala untuk membenarkan
oksigen memasuki mangkuk pijar.

(ii) PQ2
(iii) 1. Low melting point and boiling point.

3. The crucible is then quickly covered with its lid.

Takat lebur dan takat didih yang rendah.

Mangkuk pijar ditutup dengan cepat dengan penutup.

2. Cannot conduct electricity in the molten state.

5 (a) To produce oxygen

Tidak boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik di dalam


keadaan lebur.

Untuk menghasilkan oksigen

(b) So that the metal is hot and can burn when oxygen
passes over it.

(d) Both elements form positive ions.


Kedua-dua unsur membentuk ion-ion positif.

Supaya logam itu panas dan boleh terbakar apabila


oksigen melaluinya.

2 (a) 22.10 cm3


(b) 0.01 mol
(c) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

(c) (i)

P: Zinc
Zink

NaOH(ak) + HCl(ak) NaCl(ak) + H2O(ce)

(ii) Q: Iron

(d) 0.442 mol dm


(e) 1. By using an indicator

Ferum

(iii) R: Copper

Dengan menggunakan satu penunjuk

Kuprum

2. By measuring the pH value

(d) (i) 2Zn(s/p) + O2(g) ZnO(s/p)


(ii) 4Fe(s/p) + O2(s/g) 2Fe2O3(s/p)
(iii) 2Cu(s/p) + O2(g) 2CuO(s/p)
(e) Zn, Fe, Cu
6 (a) (i) X: Sulphur trioxide

Dengan mengukur nilai pH

3. By measuring the electrical conductivity


Dengan mengukur kekonduksian elektrik

3 (a)

Sulfur trioksida

Water out
Air keluar

(ii) Y: Oleum
Oleum

(b) 1. Vanadium(V) oxide as a catalyst


Vanadium(V) oksida sebagai mangkin
Water in
Air masuk

2. Temperature of 450 500C


Suhu antara 450 500C

3. Pressure of 1 atmosphere
Tekanan 1 atmosfera

(c) S(s/p) + O2(g) SO2(g)


(d) The reaction between sulphur trioxide and water is
very vigorous and produces a large amount of heat.

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

(b) The liquids have different boiling points.

Tindak balas antara sulfur trioksida dan air sangat


cergas dan menghasilkan jumlah haba yang besar.

Cecair mempunyai takat didih yang berlainan.

(c) (i)

Carbon dioxide

(e) (i)

Karbon dioksida

(ii) Water

Peningkatan keasidan air di dalam kolam boleh


membunuh haiwan akuatik.

Air

(d) (i)

1. Increase the acidity of water in lakes and can


kill the aquatic animals.

Dehydration

2. Increase the acidity of the soil and can kill the


trees.

Pendehidratan

(ii) CH3CH2OH(l/ce) CH2 = CH2(g) + H2O(l/ce)


(e) Oxidation/Pengoksidaan
4 (a) (i) 0.5667 g
(ii) 0.1415 g
(iii) 0.3794 g

Peningkatan keasidan tanah boleh membunuh


pokok.

(ii) 1. Use other alternative sources of energy such


as solar energy.
Guna sumber tenaga lain seperti tenaga solar.

28

The absence of free ions in the glacial


ethanoic acid causes it to be unable to conduct
electricity.

2. Channel the gases through air filtering


systems.
Salurkan gas melalui sistem penapis udara.

Ketiadaan ion-ion bebas di dalam asid etanoik


glasial menyebabkan ia tidak boleh mengalirkan
elektrik.
[1m]

Section B
7 (a) P: Na
[1m]
Q: K
[1m]
R: Rubidium/Rubidium
[1m]
S: Caesium/Saesium
[1m]
(b) (i) The atomic radius of the elements increases.
Jejari atom unsur meningkat.
[1m]
(ii) The melting point and boiling point decrease.
Takat lebur dan takat didih berkurang.
[1m]
(iii) The hardness of elements decrease down the
Group 1.

(b) (i)

Sel II: gas klorin


[1m]
(ii) In Cell I, the concentration of chloride ions
is very low. Therefore, hydroxide ions are
chosen for discharge, instead of chloride
ion.
Di dalam Sel I, kepekatan ion klorida adalah
sangat rendah. Oleh itu, ion-ion hidroksida
dipilih untuk dinyahcaskan berbanding ion-ion
klorin.
[1m]

(iv) The density increases.

The equation for the half reaction is:

[1m]

Persamaan separuh tindak balas ialah:

(v) The electropositivity increases.


Keelektropositifan meningkat.

4OH 2H2O + O2 + 4e
[1m]
In Cell II, the concentration of chloride ions
is high. Therefore, chloride ions are chosen
for discharge.

[1m]

(c) The atomic size increases down the group.


Saiz atom meningkat menuruni kumpulan.
[1m]
The single valence electron in the outermost shell
is further from the nucleus.

Di dalam Sel II, kepekatan ion-ion klorida


adalah tinggi. Oleh itu, ion-ion klorida dipilih
untuk dinyahcaskan.
[1m]

Elektron valens tunggal di dalam petala terluar lebih


[1m]
jauh dari nukleus.

The equation for the half reaction is:

The force of attraction of the nucleus on the


valence electron will be weaker. The single valence
electrons is easier to be released in a chemical
reaction.

Persamaan separuh tindak balas ialah:

(c) (i)

2Cl Cl2 + 2e
[1m]
Copper is more electropositive than silver.
Kuprum adalah
argentum.

Daya tarikan nukleus pada electron valens akan


menjadi lebih lemah. Elektron valens tunggal lebih
mudah untuk dibebaskan di dalam tindak balas kimia.

lebih

elektropositif

dari
[1m]

As a result, copper undergoes oxidation by


losing electrons to the silver electrode.

[2m]
The easier for the atom to release its single valence
elections, the more reactive is the alkali metal.

Hasilnya, kuprum mengalami pengoksidaan


dengan kehilangan elektron pada elektrod
[1m]
argentum.

Lebih mudah bagi atom untuk membebaskan election


valens tunggalnya, lebih reaktif logam alkali itu.

The equation for the half reaction is:


Persamaan separuh tindak balas ialah:

[1m]
(d) (i) 4K(s/p) + O2(g) 2K2O(s/p)
[2m]
(ii) 2Na(s/p) + 2H2O(s/p) 2NaOH(aq/ak) +
H2(g)
[2m]
(iii) 2Li(s/p) + Cl2(g) 2LiCl(s/p)
[2m]
8 (a) (i) The product collected at the cathode is
hydrogen gas.

Cu Cu2+ + 2e
[1m]
Silver ion in the silver nitrate solution is
reduced by receiving electrons at the silver
electrode.
Ion argentum di dalam larutan argentum nitrat
dikurangkan dengan menerima elektron pada
elektrod argentum.
[1m]

The equation for the half reaction is:


Persamaan separuh tindak balas ialah:

Hasil yang dikumpulkan pada katod ialah gas


hidrogen.
[1m]

Ag+ + e Ag
[1m]
The flow of electrons causes the voltmeter to
register a reading.

The equation for the half reaction is


Persamaan bagi setengah tindak balas ialah

2H+ + 2e H2
[1m]
(ii) The ethanoic acid molecules in an aqueous
solution ionise to form hydrogen ions and
ethanoate ions.

Aliran elektron menyebabkan


memberikan bacaan.

voltmeter
[1m]

(ii)
Zinc
Zink

Molekul asid metanoik di dalam larutan akueus


mengion untuk membentuk ion hidrogen dan ion
etanoat.
[1m]

1.10 V
1.56 V

The ions enable the aqueous solution to


conduct electricity.
Ion-ion ini membolehkan larutan akueus itu
mengalirkan elektrik.
[1m]

Copper
Kuprum

Silver
Argentum

Glacial ethanoic acid exists as molecules


only.

[1m]

Cell voltage = 0.46 V

Asid etanoik glasial wujud sebagai molekulmolekul sahaja.


[1m]

Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

[1m]

Cell II: chlorine gas.

Kekerasan unsur berkurang apabila menuruni


[1m]
Kumpulan 1.
Ketumpatan meningkat.

Cell I: oxygen gas.


Sel I: gas oksigen

Voltan sel = 1.56 V 1.10 V

29

[1m]

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

Section C
9 (a) (i) Z, X, Y
[2m]
(ii) The proton number increases by one from one
element to the next element.

The electron arrangement of the atom of Z is


2.8.7. The atom of Z receives the valence
electron of X to form the ion, Z.

Nombor proton meningkat sebanyak satu dari


satu unsur ke unsur seterusnya.
[1m]

Susunan elektron atom Z ialah 2.8.7. Atom Z


menerima elektron valens X untuk membentuk
[1m]
ion, Z.

This causes the positive charge of the nucleus


to increases.

Strong electrostatic forces pulls the X ion and


the Z ion together. An ionic bond is formed.

Hal ini menyebabkan cas positif pada nukleus


bertambah.
[1m]

Daya elektrostatik yang kuat menarik ion X dan


ion Z bersama. Satu ikatan ion terbentuk. [1m]

The force of attraction of the nucleus on the


electrons of the first three shells increases.

(ii) The formation of the covalent bond between


Y and Z:
Pembentukan ikatan kovalen antara Y dan Z:

Daya tarikan nukleus pada elektron pada tiga


[1m]
petala pertama bertambah.

(b) (i)

The increase in the force in attraction of


nucleus on the electrons causes the atomic
size to decrease.

[1m]
The atom of Y has an electron arrangement
of 2.8.4 and the atom Z has an electron
arrangement of 2.8.7.

Penambahan daya tarikan nukleus pada elektron


menyebabkan saiz atom berkurang.
[1m]

Atom Y mempunyai susunan elektron 2.8.4 dan


atom Z mempunyai susunan elektron 2.8.7.

The formation of the ionic bond between X


and Z:

[1m]
An atom of Y shares electrons with four
atoms of Z.

Pembentukan ikatan ion antara X dan Z:

Satu atom Y berkongsi elektron dengan empat


[1m]
atom Z.

[1m]
The electron arrangement of the atom of a X
is 2.8.1. The atom of X releases its singles
valence electron to form the ion, X+.

Each atom of Z achieves the electron


arrangement of 2.8.8. Each atom of Y also
achieves an electron arrangement of 2.8.8.

Susunan elektron atom X ialah 2.8.1. Atom X


membebaskan elektron valens tunggalnya untuk
[1m]
membentuk ion, X+.

(c)

Physical properties
Ciri-ciri fizikal

Setiap atom Z mencapai susunan elektron 2.8.8.


Setiap atom Y juga mencapai susunan elektron
[1m]
2.8.8.
P

(Ionic compounds)

(Covalent compounds)

(Sebatian ion)

(Sebatian kovalen)

Melting and boiling points

High

Low

Takat lebur dan takat didih

Tinggi

Rendah

Volatility

Do not vaporize easily

Vaporize easily

Kemeruapan

Tidak mudah meruap

Mudah meruap

Physical state

Crystals

Solid, liquid and gaseous

Keadaan fizikal

Hablur

Pepejal, cecair dan gas

[6m]
10 (a) (i)

Rate of reaction is defined as the change in the


amount of a reactant or a product, against the
time taken for the reaction to occur.

for Experiment 3, rate of reaction


bagi Eksperimen 3, kadar tindak balas

50 cm3
50 s
= 1.00 cm3 s1
[1m]
(c) (i) The rate of reaction of Experiment 2 is higher
than the rate of reaction of Experiment 1.
=

Kadar tindak balas ditakrifkan sebagai perubahan


jumlah bahan tindak balas atau hasil, melawan
masa yang diambil bagi tindak balas itu untuk
[2m]
berlaku.

(ii) CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 [2m]


(b) Rate of reaction/Kadar tindak balas
Volume of gas collected (cm3)/Time taken (s)
=
Time taken (s)

Kadar tindak balas Eksperimen 2 adalah lebih


tinggi daripada kadar tindak balas Eksperimen
[1m]
1.

In Experiment 2, the hydrochloric acid used


has a higher concentration.

3
= Isi padu gas yang dikumpulkan (cm )

Masa yang diambil

[1m]

Di dalam Eksperimen 2, asid hidroklorik yang


digunakan mempunyai kepekatan yang lebih
[1m]
tinggi.

for Experiment 1, rate of reaction


bagi Eksperimen 1, kadar tindak balas

50 cm3
= 0.50 cm3 s1
100 s
for Experiment 2, rate of reaction
=

The higher concentration of hydrochloric acid


has more particles per unit volume.

[1m]

Kepekatan asid hidroklorik yang lebih tinggi


mempunyai lebih banyak zarah per unit isi
[1m]
padu.

bagi Eksperimen 2, kadar tindak balas

50 cm3
= 0.63 cm3 s1
80 s

The particles of the reactants collide more


rapidly.

[1m]

30

Zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas berlanggar


[1m]
lebih cepat.

At a higher temperature, the particles of the


reactants contain more kinetic energy.

This gives a higher frequency of effective


collisions.

Pada suhu yang lebih tinggi, zarah-zarah bahan


tindak balas mengandungi lebih banyak tenaga
[1m]
kinetik.

Ini memberikan lebih


perlanggaran berkesan.

banyak

kekerapan

[1m]
When the frequency of effective collisions
increases, the rate of reaction increases also.

The particles of the reactants move faster and


have a higher chance to collide.
Zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas bergerak lebih
laju dan memberikan peluang yang lebih tinggi
[1m]
untuk perlanggaran.

Apabila kekerapan perlanggaran berkesan


meningkat, kadar tindak balas juga meningkat.

[1m]
(ii) The rate of reaction of Experiment 3 is higher
than the rate of reaction of Experiment 2.

The collisions are also more energetic.


Perlanggaran itu juga lebih bertenaga. [1m]
This results in a higher frequency of effective
collisions that causes the rate of reaction to
increase.

Kadar tindak balas Eksperimen 3 lebih tinggi


[1m]
dari kadar tindak balas Eksperimen 2.

In Experiment 3, the reactants are at a higher


temperature.

Hal ini menyebabkan kekerapan perlanggaran


berkesan lebih tinggi yang menyebabkan kadar
[1m]
tindak balas meningkat.

Di dalam Eksperimen 3, bahan tindak balas


[1m]
berada pada suhu yang lebih tinggi.

KERTAS 3
1 (a)

(b) (i)

Eksperiment
Experimen

Initial temperature (C)

Highest temperature (C)

Increase in temperature (C)

Suhu awal (C)

Suhu tertinggi (C)

Kenaikan suhu (C)

28

35

II

28

38

10

(e) Eksperiment I:
Experimen I:
(i) Zn(s/p) + CuSO4(aq/ak) ZnSO4(aq/ak) +
Cu(s/p)
(ii) Zn(p) + Cu2+ (aq/ak) Mg2+(aq/ak) + Cu(s/p)
Experiment II:
Experimen II:
(i) Mg(s/p) + CuSO4(aq/ak) MgSO4(aq/ak) +
Cu(s/p)
(ii) Mg(s/p) + Cu2+(aq/ak) Mg2+(aq/ak) + Cu(s/p)

Manipulated variable: Different metals


Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan: Logam berlainan

(ii) Responding variable: Heat of displacement of


copper
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Haba pemindahan
kuprum

(iii) Constant variable: Mass of the metals


Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: Jisim logam

(c) (i) 1 470 J


(ii) 2 100 J
(d) Eksperiment I:

2 (a) Diffusion

Experimen I:

Serapan

(b)

Energy
Tenaga
Zn(s/p) + Cu2+ (aq/ak)

H = 147 kJ mol1

(c) Matter is made up of tiny and discrete particles.


Bahan diperbuat daripada zarah-zarah yang seni dan
diskrit.

2+

Zn (aq/ak) + Cu(s/p)

The particles move randomly and diffuse in all


directions in the air from the area.

Eksperiment II:

Zarah-zarah ini bergerak secara rawak dan menyerap


di dalam kesemua arah di udara dari kawasan itu.

Experimen II:
Energy
Tenaga

3 (a) Aim:
Tujuan:

Mg(s/p) + Cu2+ (aq/ak)

To show that pH value of a dilute solution of an acid


or an alkali represent the molarity of the acid or
alkali.
Untuk menunjukkan bahawa nilai pH larutan asid cair
atau alkali mewakili kemolaran asid atau alkali itu.

H = 210 kJ mol1

(b) Manipulated variable:


Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan:

Molarity of the acid and alkali

Mg2+(aq/ak) + Cu(s/p)

Kemolaran asid dan alkali


Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

31

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

Responding variable:

Sodium hydroxide

Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas:

Natrium hidroksida

pH values
Nilai pH

Constant variable:

Molarity

pH value

Kemolaran

Nilai pH

1.0
0.1
0.001

14
13
11

Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan:

Types of acid and alkali


Jenis asid dan alkali

(c) Statement of the hypothesis:


Pernyataan hipotesis:

KERTAS MODEL SPM 5

The molarity of an acid increases when the pH value


decreases whereas the molarity of an alkali increase
whiles the pH value increases.

KERTAS 1
1 A A copper(II) sulfat made from two or more different
elements which are bonded together.

Kemolaran asid meningkat apabila nilai pH berkurang


sementara kemolaran suatu alkali meningkat apabila
nilai pH meningkat.

Kuprum(II) sulfat terdiri daripada dua atau lebih unsur


berbeza yang terikat secara kimia.

(d) Apparatus:

Air is a mixture of gas.

Radas:

Udara adalah campuran gas.

Test tube, pH meter

2 B CH3COOH

Tabung uji, meter pH

Materials:

C2H4O2

Bahan

Hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 1.0 mol


dm3, 0.1 mol dm3 and 0.001 mol dm3; sodium
hydroxide with concentration 1.0 mol dm3, 0.1 mol
dm3 and 0.001 mol dm3

CH2O
3 C

Asid hidroklorik dengan kepekatan 1.0 mol dm3, 0.1


mol dm3, 0.001 mol dm3; natrium hidroksida dengan
kepekatan 1.0 mol dm3, 0.1 mol dm3 dan 0.001 mol
dm3

S 2+

Q2

1 = S 2+

1 = Q 2
SQ

4 B Number of neutron = Nucleon number proton


number

(e) Procedure:
Prosedur:

Numbor neutron = Nombor nukleon Nombor proton

1. Three test tubes are arranged and labelled 1, 2 and 3.

= 24 12 = 12
5 A Cobalt-60 is used to destroy cancer cells.

Tiga buah tabung uji disusun dan dilabelkan 1, 2 dan


3.

2. Each test tube is filled with 10 cm3 of acid as


follows:

Kobalt-60 digunakan untuk memusnahkan sel barah.

Sodium-24 is used to trace leaks in gas or oil pipe.

Setiap tabung uji diisikan dengan 10 cm3 asid seperti


berikut:

Natrium-24 boleh digunakan untuk mengesan kebocoran


paip gas atau minyak

6 A The heat energy released during the combustion


process.

Molarity of hydrochloric acid,


mol dm3

Test tube
Tabung uji

Tenaga haba dibebaskan semasa proses pembakaran.

Kemolaran asid hidroklorik,


mol dm3

1.0

0.1

0.001

7 C Relative atomic mass,


Jisim atom relatif,

CuSO4.5H2O = 64 + 32 + 4(16) + 5[2(1)+16]


= 250
8 B

3. The pH value of each solution in the test tube is


measured.
Nilai pH setiap larutan di dalam tabung uji diukur.

4. Steps 1 3 are repeated by using sodium hydroxide


solution to replace hydrochloric acid.
Langkah 1 3 diulang dengan menggunakan larutan
natrium hidroksida untuk menggantikan asid
hidroklorik.
5. The reading is recorded/Bacaan direkodkan.

(f) Tabulation of data:


Penjadualan data:

Hydrochloric acid
Molarity

pH value
Nilai pH

1.0

0.1

0.001

0.48

0.08

0.64

0.48
12

0.08
1

0.64
16

0.04

0.08

0.04

0.04
0.04

0.08
0.04

0.04
0.04

Formula empirik, = CH2O


Empirical formula
n(CH2O) = 60
12n + 2n + 16n = 60
30n = 60
n=2
Molecular formula, CH3COOH or/atau
Formula molekul = C2H4O2

Asid hidroklorik
Kemolaran

32

9 D Elements in the Periodic Table are arranged


horizontally in increasing order of proton number.

20 B No of mol, n =

Unsur-unsur dalam Jadual Berkala disusun secara


mendatar mengikut tertib pertambahan nombor proton.

Bilangan mol =

10 C NaNO3 Na+ + NO3


H2O H+ + OH
11 A The atomic size is increasing because the number of
shells increases.

0.4 g
40 g mol1
= 0.01 mol
2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
2 mol NaOH
: 1mol H2SO4
0.01mol NaOH : 0.005 mol H2SO4

Saiz atom bertambah kerana bilangan petala bertambah.


Kumpulan berfungsi ester

MV

n = 1 000
0.005 = M(25)
1 000
M = 0.2 mol dm3
21 C Balance chemical equation:

13 C Phenolphthalein indicator colour in alkaline solution


is pink.
Warna penunjuk fenolftalein dalam larutan alkali ialah
merah jambu.

14 B X2Y
2X: Y
0.2X: 0.2/2 Y
0.2X: 0.1Y
Mass of substance Y =

Persamaan kimia seimbang:

H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2H2O


22 A Zn2+ and Pb2+ ion formed white precipitate and
soluble in excess of sodium hydroxide.
Zn2+ dan Pb2+ ion membentuk mendakan putih dan larut
dalam natrium hidroksida berlebihan.

Jisim bahan Y,

0.1 35.5 = 3.55 g


15 B

23 D Electron arrangement

Electron
arrangement

Element

Proton number

Unsur

Nombor proton

Susunan
elektron

2.4

2.6

2.7

20

2.8.8.2

S
2.8.8.2
Metal

&

Q
2.6
Non-metal

Susunan elektron: 2.7

Number of protons = 9, total charge: 1


Bilangan proton = 9, jumlah cas: 1

Number of electrons = 10, total charge: 1


Bilangan elektron = 10, jumlah cas: 1

Negatively charges formed.


Ion bercas negatif terbentuk.

24 C Proton number = 11
Nombor proton

Electron arrangement = 2.8.1


Susunan elektron
(Period 3/Kala 3)

Valence electron, = 1

(Bukan logam)

Elektron valens,
(Group 1/Kumpulan 1)

16 B Cl Ion and OH ions move to the anode. Cl selective


ion discharged due to Cl ion concentration higher
than the concentration of OH ions.

25 D
OH

Ion Cl dan ion OH bergerak ke anod. Ion Cl terpilih


untuk dinyahcas kerana kepekatan ion Cl lebih tinggi
berbanding kepekatan ion OH.

H
H

17 C A strong acid is an acid that ionises completely in


water to produce high concentration of hydrogen ion,
H+.
Asid kuat ialah asid yang mengion sepenuhnya dalam air
menghasilkan kepekatan ion hidrogen, H+ yang tinggi.

C1

C2

C3

C4

CH3

3-methylbutan-2-ol
3-metilbutan-2-ol

26 C Fe3+ ions form a blood red solution when tested with


a solution of potassium thiocyanate.

18 B When atoms of non-metals share their valence


electrons from their outermost shells to achieve stable
duplet or octet electron arrangement, covalent bonds
are formed. The product of the sharing of electrons
between atoms is called covalent compound.

Ion Fe3+ membentuk larutan merah darah apabila diuji


dengan larutan kalium tiosianat.

27 C The change in amount of reactant or product in any


reaction which is chosen for the purpose of measuring
rate of reaction must be observable and measurable.
The possible observable and measurable changes are:

Apabila atom-atom bukan logam berkongsi elektron


pada petala terluar untuk mencapai susunan elektron
duplet atau oktet yang stabil, ikatan kovalen terbentuk.
Hasil daripada perkongsian elektron antara atom-atom
ini membentuk sebatian kovalen.

Perubahan jumlah bahan atau hasil dalam tindak balas


yang dipilih untuk mengukur kadar tindak balas mestilah
boleh dilihat dan diukur. Perubahan yang boleh dilihat
dan diukur adalah:

19 D A more electropositive metal becomes the negative


terminal of the cell. A less electropositive metal
becomes the positive terminal. Magnesium acts as the
negative terminal. A shiny grey solid is formed.

(a) Decrease in the mass of reactant.


Pengurangan dalam jisim bahan tindak balas.

(b) Increase in the mass of product.

Logam yang lebih elektropositif akan menjadi terminal


negatif sel. Logam yang kurang elektropositif akan
menjadi terminal positif sel. Magnesium bertindak sebagai
terminal negatif. Pepejal kelabu berkilat terbentuk.
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

Jisim
Jisim molar

12 D Functional group of ester

(Logam)

Mass
Molar mass

Peningkatan dalam jisim hasil tindak balas.

(c) Increase in volume of gas released.


Peningkatan dalam isi padu gas yang dibebaskan.

33

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

Di katod:
Oksigen molekul, O2 menerima elektron dan mengalami
penurunan untuk membentuk ion hidroksida, OH.

(d) Formation of precipitate as a product.


Pembentukan mendakan sebagai hasil.

(e) Change in pH,


conductivity.

temperature

or

electrical

35 C Zn(NO3)2 = O
(+2) + 2x + 6(2) = 0
2x + (10) = 0
x=+5
36 A Aluminium corrodes fastest because aluminium is
more electropositive metal compare with iron, tin and
copper.

Perubahan dalam pH, suhu atau kekonduksian


elektrik.

28 A % Hydrogen/hudrogen = 14(1) 100%


98
= 14.29%
Mass
29 D No of mol, n =
Molar mass

Aluminium terkakis paling pantas kerana aluminium


adalah logam yang elektopositif berbanding ferum, timah
dan kuprum.

Jisim
Bilangan mol =
Jisim molar

37 A General formula for carboxylic acids is

0.58 g
58 g mol1
= 0.01 mol
13 O 4CO + 5 H O
C4H10 +
2
2
2 2
Ratio/Purata:
1 mol C4H10: 4 mol CO2
0.01 mol C4H10: 0.04 mol CO2
Volume of CO2;
=

Formula am bagi asid karboksilik ialah

CnH2n + 1 COOH, n = 0, 1, 2, 3,
38 D 297 kJ 1mol
1 188 = 4 mol
1 188 kJ
297
Mass of sulphur
Jisim sulfur

= 4 mol 32 g mol1 = 128 g


39 A The low pH value shows the high concentration of H
ion.

Isi padu gas CO2:

0.04 mol 24 dm3 mol1 = 0.96 dm3


30 A

Nilai pH yang rendah menunjukkan kepekatan ion


hidrogen yang tinggi.

Conditions of reaction

Set

Syarat syarat tindak balas

40 C
Green solid
Pepejal hijau

The surface area of the reactants is


larger.

2Fe(NO3)2 2FeO + 4NO2 + O2

Green solid
Pepejal hijau

Luas permukaan bahan tindak balas


yang besar.

41 C In a converter, sulphur dioxide and excess oxygen are


passed through vanadium(V) oxide.

The use of a catalyst.


Penggunaan mangkin.

II

Di dalam bekas mangkin, sulfur dioksida dan oksigen


dialirkan melalui vanadium(V) oksida.

Balanced equation:

The surface area of the reactants is great.

Persamaan seimbang:

Luas permukaan bahan tindak balas yang


besar.

III

Brown gas
Gas perang

2SO2 + O2 2SO3
Optimum conditions for maximum amount of product
are:

The surface area of the reactants is


smaller.

Keadaan optimum untuk penghasilan sulfur trioksida


yang maksimum adalah:

Luas permukaan bahan tindak balas yang


kecil

Temperature: 450 500C


Suhu:

Pressure: 2 3 atm

31 B Isomerism in alkane starts from butane. Butane has 2


isomers while pentane has 3 isomers.

Tekanan:

Catalyst: Vanadium(V) oxide, V2O5

Keisomeran dalam alkana bermula daripada butana.


Butana mempunyai 2 isomer manakala pentana
mempunyai 3 isomer.

32 C
C3H7COOH + C2H5OH

H2SO4

Mangkin:

42 C

C3H7COOC2H5 +
H 2O

Ethyl butanoate/Etil butanoat


33 C Half equation for reaction:

CH3 H

H (C

CH3 H

C)

(C

C)2
H

Isoprene (2-methylbut-1, 3-diene)

Persamaan setengah tindak balas:

Isoprena (2-metilbut-1, 3-diena)

Mg Mg + 2e
O2 + 4e 2O2
34 C At anode:
Iron atom loses electrons and is oxidised to form
iron(II) ion, Fe2+.
2+

43 C The curve for graph of amount of product formed against


time in a chemical reaction consists of two parts:
Graf bagi kuantiti hasil tindak balas yang terbentuk
melawan masa bagi suatu tindak balas kimia terbahagi
kepada dua bahagian:

Di anod:
Atom ferum, Fe melepaskan elektron dan mengalami
pengoksidaan untuk membentuk ion ferum(II), Fe2+.

(a) The maximum quantity of product: It depends on


the number mol of reactants react in the chemical
reaction.

At cathode:
Oxygen molecule, O2 gains electrons and is reduced
to form hydroxide ions, OH.

Kuantiti maksimum hasil: Ia bergantung pada


bilangan mol bahan tindak balas yang bertindak
balas dalam tindak balas kimia tersebut.

34

Penerangan: Saiz atom klorin adalah paling kecil jika


dibandingkan dengan unsur-unsur lain. Oleh itu, atom
klorin menarik elektron ke arah nukleusnya dengan
kekuatan yang paling tinggi.

(b) The gradient of the curve: It depends on the


factors that affect the rate of reaction.
Kecerunan graf: Ia bergantung pada faktor-faktor
yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

Al2O3(s) + 6HNO3(aq) 2Al(NO3)3(aq) +


3H2O(l)

(c) (i)

44 C Number of mol
Bilangan mol

Al2O3(p) + 6HNO3(ak) 2Al(NO3)3(ak) +


3H2O(ce)

24
= 1.8 10 23 = 3 mol
6.02 10
45 D Positively charge P+ ion

(ii) Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq)

Ion P+ bercas positif

2NaAl2(aq) +
H2O(l)

Al2O3(p) + 2NaOH(ak) 2NaAl2(ak) + H2O(ce)

Number of electrons = 2 total charge: +1

(iii) Aluminium exhibits both metallic and nonmetallic properties.

Bilangan elektron = 2, jumlah cas: +1

Number of protons = 3, total charge: 0

Aluminium menunjukkan kedua-dua ciri logam dan


bukan logam.
Semiconductor/Semikonduktor
Microelectronic/Mikroelektronik

Bilangan proton = 3, jumlah cas: 0

Electron arrangement: 2.1

(d) 1.
2.
2 (a) (i) (0.78 0.51) g = 0.27 g
(ii) (0.94 0.78) g = 0.16 g

Susunan elektron: 2.1

Valence electron P:1


Valen elektron P:1

Positively charge Q ion


Ion Q bercas positif

(b)

Element

Number of electrons = 10 total charge: 2

Unsur

Bilangan elektron = 10, jumlah cas: 2

Number of protons = 8, total charge: 0

Mass, g

Bilangan proton = 8, jumlah cas: 0

Jisim, g

Electron arrangement: 2.6


Susunan elektron: 2.6

Moles

Valence electron Q: 6

Mol

Valen elektron Q: 6

46 A Two chemical tests is used to comparing properties of


alkane with alkene:

Ratio of mole
Nisbah mol

Mg

0.27

0.16

0.27
24
= 0.01

0.16
16
= 0.01

Dua ujian kimia yang digunakan membanding sifat-sifat


alkana dengan alkena:

The empirical formula of magnesium oxide is MgO.

Tindak balas dengan air bromin

Formula empirik magnesium oksida ialah MgO.

Reaction with bromine water

(c) 1. The heating, cooling, and weighing are repeated


until a constant mass is obtained.

Reaction with acidified potassium manganate(VII)


solution

Pemanasan, penyejukan, dan penimbangan diulang


sehingga jisim yang malar diperoleh.

Tindak balas dengan larutan kalium manganat(VII)


berasid

2. The lid is removed now and then to allow oxygen


to enter the crucible so that the magnesium can
continue to burn.

47 B Q > P > R
Metal which is more reactive will show a very bright
flame compare with less reactive metal.
Logam yang lebih reaktif akan menunjukkan nyalaan
yang lebih cerah berbanding yang kurang reaktif.

Penutup dialihkan sekali sekala untuk membenarkan


oksigen masuk ke dalam mangkuk pijar supaya
magnesium boleh terus terbakar.

48 D Additives in detergent are sodium perborate and


sodium hypochlorite work to remove coloured stains
without bleaching the colour of the clothes.

3. The crucible lid is placed back quickly after


opening to prevent the fine particles of magnesium
oxide from escaping.

Bahan tambah dalam detergen iaitu natrium perborat


dan natrium hipoklorot berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan
kotoran berwarna tanpa melunturkan warna kain.

Penutup mangkuk pijar diletakkan kembali dengan


cepat selepas dibuka untuk mengelakkan zarah-zarah
halus magnesium oksida dari terbebas.

(d) C4H8
3 (a) S

49 B HNO3(hot) brown gas is formed.


HNO3(panas) gas perang terbebas

50 A Structural formula in Diagram 13 is paracetamol. It is


functional as relieves pain and reduces fever.

(b) (i)
(ii)

Formula struktur sebatian Rajah 13 ialah parasetamol.


Ia berfungsi meredakan sakit dan mengurangkan demam.

(iii)
(iv)

KERTAS 2
Section A
1 (a) (i) Na, Mg, Al
(ii) Si
(iii) P, S, Cl
(b) Chlorine

(c) (i)

Q: 2.1
R: 2.6
(ii) Q2R
(d) Atom R has an electron arrangement of 2.6. The
outermost shell lacks two electrons to achieve a
stable electron arrangement. Two pairs of electron
are shared between two R atoms to achieve a stable
electron arrangement.

Klorin

Explanation: The atomic size of chlorine is the


smallest compared to the other element. Thus, the
chlorine atom to pull electrons towards its nucleus
with the most strength.
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

2P
1
7Q
3
16R
8
24S
12

Atom R mempunyai susunan elektron 2.6. Petala terluar

35

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

kekurangan dua elektron untuk mencapai susunan


elektron yang stabil. Dua pasang elektron dikongsi
antara dua atom R untuk mencapai susunan elektron
yang stabil.

1 mol H2SO4 bertindak balas dengan 1 mol Ba(OH)2

0.006 mol H2SO4 bertindak balas dengan 0.006


mol Ba(OH)2
Molarity of barium hydroxide

4 (a)

Kemolaran barium hidroksida

Water out
Air keluar

= 0.006 = 1.0 mole/mol dm3


0.006
6 (a) CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
+ CO2(g)

Water in
Air masuk

CaCO3(p) + 2HCl(ak) CaCl2(ak) + H2O(ce) +


CO2(g)

Set I: 300 cm3


Set II: 150 cm3
(ii) The mass of marble chips in set I is twice the
mass of marble chips in set II.

(b) (i)

Jisim kepingan marmar di dalam Set I adalah dua


kali ganda jisim kepingan marmar di dalam Set II.

(b) Oxidation

(c) Set I: 240 cm3


Set II: 120 cm3
(d)

Pengoksidaan

(c) (i)

Ethanoic acid
Asid etanoik

Volume of carbon dioksida, cm3


Isi padu karbon dioksida, cm3

(ii) CnH2n+1COOH
(iii)
H

300
OH

250
200

150

(iv) 1. Soluble in water


Larut dalam air

100

2. Sour smell

50

Bau masam

(d) CH3CH2OH(aq/ak) + 2[O] CH3COOH(aq/ak) +


H2O(l/ce)
(e) Oxidising agent/Agen pengoksidaan
5 (a) The end point is the point in the titration at which
the indicator changes colour.

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400


Time, s/Masa, s

(e) A small volume of the carbon dioxide has dissolved


in the water when it is collected during the experiment.

Takat akhir ialah takat akhir pentitratan di mana warna


penunjuk berubah.

Isi padu karbon dioksida yang kecil melarut di dalam


air apabila ia dikumpulkan semasa eksperimen.

(b) Titration
Pentitratan

Section B
7 (a) Diffusion

(c)
Ammeter reading/A
Bacaan ammeter/A

Penyerapan
[2m]
(b) The particles in the potassium manganate(VII)
crystals will separate to become ions in the agar,
move and diffuse randomly upwards until the
whole agar turns purple.

2.5
2.0
1.5

Zarah-zarah di dalam hablur kalium manganat(VII)


akan terpisah untuk menjadi ion-ion di dalam agaragar, bergerak dan menyerap secara rawak ke atas
sehingga keseluruhan agar-agar bertukar ungu.

1.0
0.5

[2m]
The diffusion of particles in matter supports the
kinetic theory of matter.

0.0
0

2
4
6
8
10
Volume of sulphuric acid/cm3
Isi padu asid sulfurik/cm3

Penyerapan zarah-zarah di dalam bahan menyokong


[2m]
teori kinetik bahan.

The diffusion of particles through a solid is slow.

(d) 6 cm3
(e) H2SO4(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) Ba2SO4(s) + 2H2O(l)

Penyerapan zarah-zarah melalui pepejal adalah


[2m]
perlahan.

H2SO4(ak) + Ba(OH)2(ak) Ba2SO4(p) + 2H2O(ce)

(c) (i)

(f) Molarity of sulphuric acid

Process I: Boiling
Proses I: Pendidihan

Kemolaran asid sulfurik

[1m]

Process II: Condensation

1.0
1 000
= 0.006 mole/mol
From the equation/Daripada persamaan:
1 mol H2SO4 reacts with 1 mol Ba(OH)2
=6

Proses II: Kondensasi

[1m]

(ii) Boiling
Pendidihan

[1m]

(iii) Condensation
Kondensasi

36

[1m]

(iv)

Characteristic/Ciri-ciri
Arrangement of particles
Susunan zarah-zarah

The particles are not arranged in


order.

The particles are not arranged in order


but are separated from one another.

Zarah-zarah tidak disusun secara


[1m]
teratur.

Zarah-zarah tidak disusun secara teratur


tetapi terpisah antara satu sama lain.

[1m]
Movement of particles
Pergerakan zarah-zarah

The particles move slowly and


collide against each other.

The particles move randomly and


rapidly in all directions.

Zarah-zarah bergerak perlahan dan


berlanggar antara satu sama lain.

Zarah-zarah bergerak secara rawak dan


[1m]
laju di dalam semua arah.

[1m]
Forces of attraction
between the particles

Moderate

Very weak
[1m]

Sederhana

[1m]

Sangat lemah

Daya tarikan antara


zarah-zarah

8 (a)

Energy content

Moderate

Kandungan tenaga

Sederhana

Molecular formula
Formula molekul

(b)

(c) (i)

Very high
[1m]

(d) This is because alkenes have a higher percentage


of carbon in their molecules than alkanes.

Molar mass, g mol1


1

Jisim molar, g mol

C2H4

28

C3H6

42

C4H8

56

C5H10

70

C6H12

84

Hal ini kerana alkena mempunyai peratus karbon


yang lebih tinggi di dalam molekulnya berbanding
[1m]
alkana.

Incomplete combustion of alkenes will produce


carbon monoxide and soot.
Pembakaran alkena yang tidak lengkap akan
menghasilkan karbon monoksida dan jelaga. [2m]

Section C
9 (a) Penggunaan barbiturat untuk mengurangkan
kerisauan, gemuruh dan kemurungan.

[5m]
[2m]

The usage of barbiturate to reduces worries,


[1m]
nervousness and depression.

Boiling point/C
Takat didih /C

Penggunaan yang berlebihan akan menyebabkan


kematian.
Excessive use will lead to death.
[1m]
(b) (i)
Soap/Sabun
Detergent/Detergen

80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120

Made from
petroleum
Diperbuat daripada
petroleum

Effective in hard
water
Berkesan di dalam
air liat

2
3
4
5
6
Number of carbon atoms per molecule
Bilangan atom karbon per molekul

Satisfactory
cleaning power

[5m]
(ii) As the number of carbon atoms per molecule
increases, the size of the molecule becomes
bigger and the intermolecular forces grow
stronger.

Kuasa pencucian
yang memuaskan

Certain detergents
are harmful to the
environment

Semakin bilangan atom karbon per molekul


bertambah, saiz molekul semakin besar dan
daya tarikan antara molekul bertambah kuat.

Made from fat


Diperbuat
daripada lemak

Not effective in
hard water
Tidak berkesan di
dalam air liat

Bad cleaning
power
Kuasa pencucian
yang lemah

Harmless to the
environment

Sesetengah detergen
berbahaya pada
alam sekitar

[2m]
More energy is required to overcome the
stronger forces of attraction.

Tidak berbahaya
kepada alam
sekitar

[4m]
(ii) Additives in detergent:

Lebih banyak tenaga diperlukan untuk mengatasi


[1m]
daya tarikan yang semakin kuat.

Bahan tambah detergen:

Fluorescence agent increase brightness of


the clothes.

Hence, the boiling point increases with the


number of carbon atoms per molecule.

Agen berpendafluor Menambahkan keputihan


[1m]
pada kain.

Jadi, takat didih bertambah dengan bilangan


[1m]
atom karbon per molekul.
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

[1m]

Sangat tinggi

37

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

Biological enzymes Acts on protein, animal


tissue and plants, break into smaller compounds.

G and E. G is the negative terminal. Since E


is below G. E is less electropositive than G.

Enzim biologi Bertindak ke atas protein,


lemak haiwan dan tumbuhan, memecahkannya
[1m]
kepada sebatian kecil.

G dan E. G adalah terminal negatif. Oleh sebab


E di bawah G, E kurang elektropositif dari G.

Drying agent To make sure that the


detergent powder is always dry.

[1m]
Z and E. Z is the negative terminal. Since E
is below Z, E is less electropositive than Z.

Agen pengering Untuk memastikan serbuk


[1m]
detergen sentiasa kering.

Z dan E. Z adalah terminal negatif. Oleh sebab


E di bawah Z, E kurang elektropositif dari Z.

Stabiliser Stabilise the bubbles and reduce


the amount of bubbles formed.

[1m]
The potential difference between G and
E is more than Z and E, hence Z is below G.

Penstabil Menstabilkan buih dan mengu[1m]


rangkan jumlah buih.
(c) Materials/Bahan:

Perbezaan keupayaan antara G dan E lebih dari


[1m]
Z dan E, jadi Z di bawah G.

Salicylic acid, ethanoic anhydride, concentrated


sulphuric acid, distilled water

(ii) The potential difference between L and E = 1.2 V

Asid salisilik, etanoik anhidrida, asid sulfurik pekat, air


[2m]
suling
Apparatus/Radas:

[1m]
L is more electropositive than E. E is the positive
terminal.

Beaker, Bunsen burner, measuring cylinder, filter


funnel and filter papers

L lebih elektropositif dari E. E adalah terminal


[1m]
positif.

Bikar, penunu Bunsen, silinder penyukat, corong turas


[2m]
dan kertas turas
Procedures/Prosedur:

(c) Iron nail is located above copper in the


electrochemical series.

Perbezaan keupayaan antara L dan E = 1.2 V.

Paku besi (ferum) terletak di atas kuprum di dalam


[1m]
siri elektrokimia.

1. 5 g of salicylic acid is weighed and poured into a


small beaker.

Iron displaces copper from its solution.


Ferum menggantikan kuprum dari larutan garamnya.

5 g asid salisilik ditimbang dan dituangkan ke dalam


[1m]
bikar kecil.

[1m]

2. 7 cm3 of ethanoic anhydride are measured using a


measuring cylinder and poured into the beaker
filled with salicylic acid.

Reddish-brown solid is copper and not rust.


Pepejal perang kemerahan adalah kuprum dan bukan
[1m]
karat.

7 cm3 etanoik anhidrida disukat menggunakan


silinder penyukat dan dituangkan ke dalam bikar
[1m]
yang diisikan dengan asid salisilik.

Fe + Cu2+ Cu + Fe2+
[1m]
Bromine is located above iodine in the displacement
series of halogens.

3. Two to three drops of concentrated sulphuric acid


are added and the mixture is stirred.

Bromin terletak di atas iodin di dalam siri pemindahan


[1m]
halogen.

Dua hingga tiga titis asid sulfurik pekat ditambahkan


[1m]
dan campuran dikacau.

Bromine can accept electron compared to iodine.


Bromin boleh menerima elektron dibandingkan
[1m]
dengan iodin.

4. The mixture is warmed for 23 minutes and poured


into a beaker filled with 100 cm3 of distilled water.

2I + Br2 2Br + I2
Iodine formed.

Campuran dipanaskan selama 23 minit dan


dituangkan ke dalam bikar yang diisikan dengan 100
[1m]
cm3 air suling.

[1m]

Iodin terbentuk.

Iodine dissolves in tetrachloromethane to produce


purple colour.

5. The mixture is stirred until white solid formed.


Campuran dikacau sehingga pepejal putih terbentuk.

Iodin larut di dalam tetraklorometana


menghasilkan warna ungu.

[1m]
6. White solid is filtered, rinsed with distilled water
and dried with filter papers.

untuk

[2m]

KERTAS 3

Pepejal putih ditapis, dibilas dengan air suling dan


[1m]
dikeringkan dengan kertas turas.

1 (a) Na2S2O3(aq/ak) + H2SO4(aq/ak) Na2SO4(aq/ak) +


S(s/p) + SO2(g) + H2O(l/ce)
(b) (i) Temperature, C/Suhu, C
(ii) Time, s/Masa, s
(iii) Volume of sodium thiosulphate solution

10 (a) 1. Determine the product discharged at cathode


during electrolysis.
Menentukan hasil yang dinyahcaskan pada katod
[1m]
semasa elektrolisis.

Isi padu larutan natrium tiosulfat

2. Determine the ability of a metal to displace another


metal from its salt solution.

(c) A yellow precipitate is formed.


Satu mendakan kuning terbentuk.

Menentukan keupayaan logam untuk menggantikan


[1m]
logam lain dari larutan garamnya.
(b) (i) G, L, Z, E
[1m]

(d) (i)

The metal which is more electropositive is the


negative terminal.

Temperature/C

1/Time/s1

Suhu/C

1/Masa/s1

25

0.057

Logam yang lebih elektropositif adalah terminal


[1m]
negatif.

32

0.1186

G and L. G is the negative terminal. Since L


is below G, L is less electropositive than G.

37

0.1653

42

0.2247

47

0.2762

52

0.3597

G dan L. G adalah terminal negatif. Oleh sebab


L di bawah G, L kurang elektropositif dari G.

[1m]

38

(ii)

Detergen lebih berkesan berbanding sabun di dalam air


liat dari sudut tindakan pencucian.

Temperature/C
Suhu C

(d) Manipulated variable: Soap and detergent solution

55
50

Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan: Larutan sabun dan


larutan detergen

45

Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Kesan minyak pada kain

Responding variable: Oily stains of cloth


Constant variable: Volume of hard water

40

Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: Isi padu air liat


35

(e) Apparatus:

30

Radas:

25

Bikar, silinder penyukat

Beaker, measuring cylinder


Materials:

0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40

Bahan:

1/Time/s
1/Masa/s1

Soap solution, detergent solution, magnesium


sulphate solution, cloth with oily stains
Larutan sabun, larutan detergen, larutan magnesium
sulfat, kain dengan kesan minyak

(iii) 3.92 s
(e) (i) The rate of reaction increases with temperature.

(f) Procedure:

Kadar tindak balas meningkat dengan suhu.

Prosedur:

(ii) An increase in temperature will cause the kinetic


energy of the reacting particles to increase.
Kenaikan suhu akan menyebabkan tenaga
kinetik zarah-zarah tindak balas meningkat.

Reacting particles move faster and collide


more often with one another.
Zarah-zarah tindak balas bergerak lebih pantas
dan berlanggar lebih kerap antara satu sama
lain.

10 cm3 of soap solution + 10 cm3


magnesium sulphate solution
10 cm3 larutan sabun + 10 cm3
larutan magnesium sulfat

Thus, the frequency of collision increases to


overcome the activation energy.
Oleh itu, kekerapan perlanggaran meningkat
untuk mengatasi tenaga pengaktifan.

(f) 1. Pressure/Tekanan
2. Catalyst/Mangkin
3. Total surface area of reactant

Jumlah luas permukaan bahan tindak balas

10 cm3 of detergent solution + 10 cm3


magnesium sulphate solution
10 cm3 larutan detergen + 10 cm3
larutan magnesium sulfat

1. Set up the apparatus as shown above.

(g) The higher the temperature of the reactant, the higher


the rate of reaction.

Sediakan radas seperti rajah di atas.

2. A cloth with oily stains is dipped into each beaker.

Lebih tinggi suhu bahan tindak balas, lebih tinggi kadar


tindak balas.

Satu kain dengan kesan minyak direndamkan ke


dalam setiap bikar.

2 (a) Aim:

3. The cleaning action of the soap and the detergent


is observed and recorded.

Tujuan:

To compare the effectiveness of the cleaning


action of a detergent with that of soap in hard water.

Tindakan pencucian sabun dan detergen diperhatikan


dan direkodkan.
(g) Tabulation of data/Penjadualan data:

Untuk
membandingkan
keberkesanan
tindakan
pencucian detergen dengan sabun di dalam air liat.

(b) Problem statement:


Pernyataan masalah:

Beaker

Observation

Bikar

Pemerhatian

Is a detergent is more effective than a soap in hard water?


Adakah detergen lebih efektif dari sabun di dalam air
liat?

Oily stains remain.


Kesan minyak kekal.

(c) Statement of the hypothesis:


Pernyataan hipotesis:

A detergent is more effective than a soap in hard


water in terms of cleaning action.

Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. (139288X)

39

Oily stains disappear.


Kesan minyak hilang.

KERTAS MODEL AKTUAL 2015 SPM Chemistry

NOTES

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